PRINTERS 
AND  PRINTING 
IN  PROVIDENCE 
1762-1907 


PREPARED  BY  A  COMMITTEE  OF 
PROVIDENCE  TYPOGRAPHICAL 
UNION  NUMBER  THIRTY-THREE 
AS  A  SOUVENIR  OF  THE  FIFTIETH 
ANNIVERSARY  OF  ITS  INSTITUTION 


UBRARY  SCHOOL 


CLF.  W.  Marshall,  M.  R.  Hal- 
laday,  Harold  Eugene  Winslow, 
Michael  J.  McHugh,  Artists. 
C  Frank  M.  Mills,  George  M. 
Murray,  Nacib  Boyoshian,  Al- 
bert Rueckert,  Charles  Gorman, 
Photo-Engravers.  C.  Providence 
Printing  Co.,  Hugh  F.  Carroll, 
Manager;  Anita  Metivier,  Ed- 
ward Leslie  Pike,  Maurice  E. 
Hughes,  Compositors.  C,  Theo- 
dore A.  Miller,  Pressman, 
Providence,  R.  I.  C. Thomas 
Hearn  &  Co.,  Binders,  Boston. 
Nineteen  Hundred  and  Seven. 


Vzz 


LIBRARY 
SCHOOL 


INDEX 

Introduction 5-8 

Providence  Newspapers  Before  1800     .        .        .        .        .  9-20 

Democratic  Newspapers  in  Providence 21-26 

Rhode  Island  American 27-28 

The  Providence  Journal 29-38 

Dorrite-Knownothing 39 

The  Morning  Mirror           . 40 

Press  and  Star 41-42 

The  Providence  News 43 

The  Evening  Record 44-45 

The  Tribune 46-47 

The  Labor  Press 48-50 

List  of  Daily  Newspapers 51 

Sunday  Newspapers 52 

Fifty- Year  History  of  Providence  Typographical  Union  .        .  53-93 

The  Reorganization 94-174 

The  Eight-Hour  Day  and  the  Great  Strike  in  Providence         .  175-188 

The  Book  and  Job  Section 189-208 

Reminiscent 209-212 

The  Journeymen i-xcvi 

Subscribers xcvii-xcviii 


ILLUSTRATIONS 

Opposite  Page 

Souvenir  Committee 4 

Printer  Pubhshers 12 

Early  Providence  Newspaper  Headings         ....  20 

Providence  Journal  Co.  Building,  1905      ....  28 

Homes  of  the  Providence  Journal 36 

Tribune  Counting  Room    .......  44 

Providence  Typographical  Union : 

1857  Charter  Members 52-60 

Presidents  of  No.  33 68 

L  T.  U.  Delegates 76 

Officers  of  No.  33  for  1907  ......  84 

Groups  of  the  Journeymen : 

Journal  Employes 92-100-108 

Tribune  Employes 116-124 

News-Democrat  Erhployes 132 

Headquarters  Chapel 140 

Former  Providence  Printers  Now  Employed  on  Boston  Globe  148-156 

In  the  Composing  Room 164 

Work  on  the  Evening  Bulletin  Momentarily  Suspended      .  172 

Women's  Auxiliary,  No.  51 180 

Famous  Providence  Printers 188 

Early  Printing  Houses 204 


754 


PREFACE 

To  prepare  for  the  proper  observance  of  the  Fiftieth  Anniversary  of  the  organiza- 
tion of  Providence  Typographical  Union,  No.  33,  a  committee  of  five  was  appointed  at 
the  December  meeting  of  the  Union,  1903.  The  original  committee  consisted  of  William 
Carroll,  William  J.  Meegan,  William  Palmer,  George  B.  Sullivan  and  John  A.  Shannon. 
Mr.  Shannon  removed  to  New  York  City  in  a  short  time,  and  John  J.  Horton  was  ap- 
pointed in  his  place.  This  was  the  onlj"^  change  in  the  personnel  of  the  committee  dur- 
ing the  four  years  of  its  existence.  At  the  organization  of  the  committee,  William  Carroll 
was  elected  Chairman  and  John  A.  Shannon,  Secretary.  William  J.  Meegan  succeeded 
Mr.  Shannon  as  Secretary. 

The  committee  was  without  specific  instructions  from  the  Union.  At  the  first 
meeting,  however,  plans  were  adopted  that  have  been  closely  followed.  It  was  decided 
that  the  most  fitting  memorial  of  the  anniversary  would  be  a  book,  containing  as  much 
as  possible  about  the  craft  since  its  establishment  in  Providence.  The  work  of  research 
was  divided  among  the  members  of  the  committee,  and  frequent  meetings  were  held,  at 
which  progress  was  reported.  Valuable  aid  was  given  by  many  members  of  the  Union, 
by  persons  whose  ancestors  had  been  connected  with  the  craft,  and  by  proprietors  of 
various  printing  establishments  in  which  the  men  were  employed.  To  gain  a  knowledge 
of  men  and  events  preceding  the  organization  of  the  Union  in  1857,  newspaper  files  of 
that  period  and  the  City  Directory  from  1824  to  1857,  were  carefully  studied.  The 
records  of  the  Union  since  its  organization,  files  of  the  Typographical  Journal,  and  cor- 
respondence and  consultation  with  printers  scattered  in  various  portions  of  the  United 
States  and  Canada,  have  furnished  information  covering  the  period  of  the  last  fifty 
years. 

The  effort  to  establish  an  Eight-Hour  Day  in  the  craft,  with  its  accompanying  heavy 
financial  burdens,  retarded  the  collecting  of  the  necessary  money  and  delayed  the  date 
of  publication  beyond  the  time  fixed  for  celebrating  the  anniversary.  Notwithstanding 
the  financial  difficulties  confronting  the  committee,  a  decision  made  at  the  beginning,  to 
exclude  advertisements  from  the  book,  has  been  adhered  to.  At  the  meeting  of  the 
Union  last  February,  it  was  decided  to  issue  500  certificates,  to  be  sold  for  $2.00  each,  and 
when  the  amount  received  from  their  sale  should  reach  $200,  the  committee  was  author- 
ized to  make  a  contract  for  the  printing  of  the  book.  Later  the  number  of  certificates 
was  increased  to  1000.  The  contract  was  signed  April  26,  1907.  At  the  August  meeting 
of  the  Union  the  committee  was  authorized  to  borrow  $500  in  the  name  of  the  Union,  to 
assist  in  completing  the  book.  As  further  aid  the  proceeds  of  a  one  per  cent,  assessment 
were  granted  at  the  November  meeting. 

The  committee  desires  to  acknowledge  the  assistance  it  has  received  in  its  labors 
from  the  Rhode  Island  Historical  Society,  the  Providence  Journal  Co.,  the  Typographical 
Journal,  and  all  those  persons  and  organizations  who  have  assisted  it  in  any  way,  and 
especially  those  whose  names  appear  in  this  book  as  subscribers. 


The  unexpected  death  on  November  26,  1907,  of  Rudolph  DeLeeuw,  who  had  been 
designated  in  the  resolution  creating  the  committee,  its  treasurer,  occasioned  sincere 
regret.  Mr.  DeLeeuw  had  the  honorable  distinction  of  being  the  longest  continuous 
member  of  Providence  Typographical  Union,  No.  33.  He  had  held  many  important 
offices  in  its  gift,  the  last  one  that  of  treasurer,  of  which  office  he  was  relieved,  at  his 
earnest  request,  at  the  regular  November  meeting  of  the  Union,  held  two  days  before  his 
death.  He  was  buried  in  Hartford,  Conn.  The  Union  and  the  Journal  and  Bulletin 
Chapel  were  officially  represented  at  his  funeral. 


.JoHn  J 

rioRTOjsI 


INTRODUCTION 

Gregory  Dexter  was  a  stationer  and  printer  in  London,  England. 
He  came  to  Providence  as  early  as  1638.  In  that  year  he  had  a  lot  of 
land  assigned  to  him  in  this  town.  On  July  27,  1640,  he  signed  an 
agreement  for  a  form  of  government  for  the  town.  While  he  resided 
here  he  continued  his  connection  with  the  printing  office  in  London. 
When  Roger  Williams  went  to  England  in  1643  for  a  charter  for 
Providence  Plantations  he  had  printed  in  Gregory  Dexter's  office  in 
London  his  "Key  Into  the  Language  of  America."  A  copy  of  the  book 
in  its  original  edition  is  in  the  collection  of  the  R.  I.  Historical  Society, 
and  the  first  volume  of  that  society's  pubhcations  is  a  reprint  of  the  book. 

Dexter's  reputation  for  skill  in  his  craft  is  indicated  by  the  fact  that 
he  was  summoned  in  1646  to  Boston,  Mass.,  "to  set  in  order  the  printing 
office  there,  for  which  he  desired  no  other  reward  than  that  one  of  their 
Almanacks  should  be  sent  him  every  year." 

While  he  was  the  first  printer  to  live  in  Providence,  there  is  no 
supposition  that  he  worked  at  printing  here.  It  was  not  until  1762  that 
a  printing  press  was  set  up  in  the  town  by  Wilham  Goddard.  The 
population  of  Providence  at  that  time  was  about  4000.  There  was  but 
one  house  on  Westminster  street,  and  that  street  was  not  passable  for 
carriages  above  Empire  street,  being  obstructed  by  a  high  hill. 

Since  that  time  there  have  been  many  changes  in  the  printing  trade 
as  well  as  in  the  looks  of  the  town.  Goddard  may  have  had  an  assistant 
in  getting  out  the  first  number  of  the  Gazette,  but  he  could  have 
attended  to  all  the  details  alone.  From  the  little  writing  required  for 
the  weekly  paper  first  published,  down  through  the  process  of  clipping 
from  other  newspapers,  putting  the  copy  into  type,  making  up  the  four 
small  forms,  inking  the  pages  with  leather  balls,  putting  the  damp 
paper  on  the  tympan  and  the  impression  on  the  press,  and  finally 
dehvering  the  edition  to  the  subscribers,  the  whole  operation  was  within 
his  accomplishments,  and  perhaps  he  had  time  for  it  all.  As  the  book 
and  job  business  increased,  specialization  followed.  The  earliest  adver- 
tisements for  journeymen  indicate  that  some  printers  could  not  work  at 
both  case  and  press,  and  there,  probably,  was  where  the  first  subdivision 
came.  It  must  have  been  found  advantageous  to  keep  one  man  steadily 
at  work  at  the  press,  if  there  was  business  enough  to  warrant  it.  The 
proprietor  attended  to  estimating,  did  the  buying  and  some  of  the 
mechanical  work,  and  also  the  editing,  if  a  paper  was  published  and  he 
was  capable.    Whatever  the  duties  of  an  apprentice  were  before  the 


PRINTERS  AND  PRINTING  IN  PROVIDENCE 


substitution  of  the  roller  for  the  ink  ball,  it  is  certain  that  with  the 
adoption  of  this  improvement  he  was  put  to  manipulating  the  crank 
that  controlled  the  roller,  and  ever  after  held  that  position  unchallenged 
until  the  press  came  into  use  whose  rollers  worked  automatically. 

For  the  first  sixty  years  of  printing  in  this  town,  and  until  radical 
improvements  in  presses  began  to  appear,  no  important  advance  in  the 
manner  of  conducting  the  work  in  printing  offices  is  mentioned. 

There  is  a  possibihty  that  the  first  printing  outfit  was  purchased 
from  Benjamin  Franklin,  and  also  that  he  was  interested  in  the  enter- 
prise as  a  partner.  Many  printing  offices  in  the  Colonies  were  estab- 
lished with  his  aid.  "Franklin  would  send  a  printing  press  and  a 
certain  quantity  of  type,  and  take  one  third  of  the  profits  and  debts  for 
his  share.  His  partnerships  lasted  for  six  years,  and  all  accounts  were 
settled  quarterly." 

Parker's  office  in  New  York  city,  where  Goddard  learned  the  trade, 
was  started  in  that  way.  When  Goddard  abandoned  his  venture  here 
and  went  to  New  York  he  did  not  take  his  printing  materials  with  him, 
although  he  had  use  for  them  there  and  they  were  suitable  for  his 
work.  In  1767,  five  years  after  the  starting  of  the  printing  office,  John 
Carter  came  from  FrankHn's  office  in  Philadelphia,  and  became  a  partner 
with  Mrs.  Goddard.  The  next  year  the  business  came  into  Carter's 
possession.  On  the  other  hand,  in  the  obituary  of  Mrs.  Sarah  Goddard, 
•printed  in  the  Gazette  in  1770,  it  was  stated  that  "through  her  means 
her  son  was  instructed  in  the  printing  business  and  settled  in  a  printing 
house  in  the  town  of  Providence,  to  which  place  she  soon  after  removed 
and  became  a  partner  with  him  in  the  business." 

There  is  no  description  in  existence  of  the  first  press  set  up  here. 
Robert  Hoe  of  New  York  has  furnished  the  committee  with  a  picture  of 
the  Blaew  press,  so  named  from  improvements  made  by  William  Jensen 
Blaew  of  Amsterdam  about  1620.  This  press  was  used  by  Franklin 
while  a  workman  in  London.  When  he  set  up  in  business  in  Philadel- 
phia he  bought  his  press  and  type  in  London,  and  as  there  was  "  little 
improvement  in  the  printing  press  until  1798  "  it  is  fair  to  presume  that 
he  purchased  a  Blaew  and  also  that  a  similar  press  was  first  used  in 
Providence. 

Robert  M.  Pearse  has  described  the  Ramage  press  in  his  story 
about  the  first  issue  of  the  Providence  Journal.  Adam  Ramage  of 
Philadelphia  about  1800  made  some  improvements  in  construction  on  a 
hand  press  then  in  use  without  patenting  them.     Hence  the  name. 

A  writer  in  the  Pawtucket  Gazette  and  Chronicle,  on  the  occasion 
of  its  50th  anniversary,  had  this  to  say  about  the  press  that  did  the  work 
of  that  office  for  about  30  years : 


INTRODUCTION 


"The  old  Wells  hand  press,  upon  which  the  paper  was  printed,  and  in  fact  everything 
else  which  was  printed  in  the  office,  from  a  visiting  card  to  a  poster,  was  one  of  the  first 
iron  presses  brought  into  Rhode  Island.  The  Providence  Patriot,  published  by  Jones  & 
Wheeler,  was  originally  printed  on  this  press.  It  was  sold  for  old  iron  at  half  a  cent  a 
pound  in  1855." 

While  the  output  of  printing  offices  was  limited  to  the  capacity  of 
hand  presses,  profits  were  necessarily  small  and  offered  httle  induce- 
ment to  capital.  Goddard  gives  the  cost  of  the  materials  in  the  Gazette 
office  at  the  start  as  £300.  A  better  outfit  could  be  purchased  now  for 
one-third  the  money.  The  ambitious  apprentice  who  could  procure 
backing,  at  the  end  of  his  term  of  service  either  bought  a  share  in  some 
established  office  or  started  in  business  for  himself. 


THE    BLAEW    PRESS 

(Courtesy    of    Riil)eit    II(W) 


The  Journal  was  printed  on  an  Adams  press  in  1836.  In  1842, 
Knowles  &  Vose,  owners  of  the  Journal  job  office,  used  a  Ruggles, 
advertising  its  accomplishments  as  follows : 

"Ruggles'  Patent  Job  Printing  Engine. — One  of  these  machines  is  now  in  operation 
at  the  subscriber's  office,  No.  15  Market  Square.  It  prints  any  job  that  may  be  desired, 
from  an  address  card  of  a  single  line,  to  the  size  of  a  medium  quarto,  produces  better 
work  than  any  hand  press,  and  executes,  with  the  labor  of  but  one  person,  about  10  or  12 
times  as  rapidly.      It  reduces  the  cost  on  large  orders  from  25  to  50  per  cent." 


PRINTERS  AND  PRINTING  IN  PROVIDENCE 


It  was  worked  with  a  treadle  and  was  the  first  advance  toward  the 
modern  job  press.  The  first  Hoe  cyhnder  press  used  in  this  city  was 
brought  to  the  Mirror  ofl^ce. 

Steam  was  used  for  the  first  time  in  1856,  to  operate  a  new  single- 
cyHnder  Hoe  press  in  the  Journal  office.  That  newspaper  has  led  all  its 
contemporaries  in  the  introduction  of  improved  machinery  except  in  the 
matter  of  the  single  and  double  cylinder  and  color  presses.  The  Evening 
Press  used  the  first  double  cyhnder,  and  the  Evening  News  was  the 
pioneer  with  the  color  press.  The  Journal  followed  its  single-cylinder 
press  with  a  double  in  1862,  a  four-cylinder  rotary  in  1871,  and  a  six- 
cyhnder  rotary  in  1875.  In  1881  the  first  stereotyping  plant  in  the  city 
came  to  the  Journal  oflftce  with  a  new  Hoe  web-perfecting  press,  fol- 
lowed by  four  other  presses  before  it  occupied  its  new  building,  when 
two  new  sextuple  color  presses  were  introduced. 

The  Journal  began  to  use  Merganthaler  Linotype  machines  in 
1889,  the  first  paper  in  New  England  to  have  its  composition  done  in 
that  way,  and  the  fifth  office  in  the  world. 

The  division  of  work  in  the  Journal  office  of  to-day,  with  its  250 
employes,  illustrates  the  changes  from  the  conditions  prevailing  in  the 
first  printing  office  in  the  town.  Five  divisions  exist  in  its  composing 
room,  viz  :  Admen,  hnotype  operators,  make-ups,  machine  tenders  and 
proofreaders.  Different  trades  prevail  in  the  art,  photo-engraving, 
stereotyping,  mailing,  press  room  and  pubHshing  departments,  with 
subdivisions  in  some  of  these.  The  Hterary  work  is  subdivided,  and 
there  are  more  janitors  employed  than  there  were  employes  of  all  kinds 
in  the  beginning  of  the  paper  in  1820. 


PROVIDENCE    NEWSPAPERS  BEFORE   1800 

William  Goddard  opened  a  book  and  job  printing  house  in  Provi- 
dence in  1762,  in  a  building  "opposite  the  Court  House."  Probably 
he  began  work  early  in  July,  as  he  occupied  his  first  location  until  about 
the  first  of  the  following  July.  Another  indication  that  the  time  could 
not  have  been  much  earlier  is  found  in  what  is  said  to  be  the  first  work 
printed  in  the  office,  a  hand-bill  headed  "Moro  Castle  taken  by  Storm." 
The  Cuban  fortress  surrendered  on  the  30th  of  July  and  it  took  some 
time  to  bring  the  important  news  by  sailing  vessel  to  this  town. 

The  first  number  of  the  Providence  Gazette  and  Country  Journal 
was  issued  from  this  office  Oct.  20  of  the  same  year.  The  Gazette  was 
a  three-column  foHo,  8  x  14  inches,  requiring  the  setting  of  about 
22,000  ems  for  the  first  issue.  This  amount  was  lessened  thereafter  by 
about  one-quarter,  the  standing  advertisements  filling  about  one  of  the 
pages.  Probably  four  full  days  of  each  week  were  consumed  by  one 
printer  on  the  composition  and  press  work  for  the  paper.  An  average 
operator  would  set  the  entire  matter  for  the  Gazette  on  a  Hnotype  in 
less  than  four  hours.  The  hand  press  used  in  those  days  could  print 
about  200  papers  an  hour.  The  forms  were  inked  by  leather  balls  and 
the  paper  was  fed  into  the  press  twice  before  both  sides  were  printed 
One  of  the  two  sextuple  perfecting  presses  made  by  R.  Hoe  &  Co.,  and 
installed  in  the  Journal  press  room  in  June,  1905,  will  print,  fold  and 
count  48,000  twelve-page  papers  an  hour. 

An  apprentice  was  advertised  for  in  the  Gazette  of  June  11,  1763. 
This  would  indicate  a  feeling  of  stability  in  the  mind  of  the  proprietor, 
as  the  obligations  on  both  sides  at  that  time  were  more  strict  than  now, 
when  no  written  guarantees  are  given  by  either  party.  The  age  for 
beginners  has  increased  sHghtly,  newspapers  now  preferring  boys  of 
at  least  16  years.    The  wording  of  the  advertisement  follows: 

"  Wanted,  as  an  apprentice  to  the  printing  business,  an  ingenious  lad  about  13  or  14 
years  of  age,  who  can  read  well  and  write  a  tolerable  hand." 

The  original  indentures  of  Daniel  Bowen,  apprenticed  to  John 
Carter  in  1774,  have  been  preserved.  They  were  presented  by  A.  J. 
Danforth  to  the  Journal,  and  are  now  in  the  composing  room  of  that 
paper,  carefully  pasted  between  glass  and  framed.  A  fac-simile  will  be 
found  on  another  page. 

July  9,  1763,  the  imprint  announced  a  removal  "  to  the  store  of 
Judge  Jenckes,  near  the  Great  Bridge,  and  pubhshed  at  his  book  shop 
just  above  it,  at  the  sign  of  Shakespeare's  Head,  at  both  which  places 


10 


PRINTERS  AND  PRINTING  IN .  PROVIDENCE 


This  Indenture    witneffeth, 

That    U^a/Uc/^/^^^n^  *5^  ^/^riCi^^^^u/^rz,  ^{/1'£:^.^^M'/'p 

^/at-y  %i:yT,^»^^ .  . ^ — ^ — ^ . 

hath  put  /* 
and  i\ccord, 


Z/ 


/u>    Aru  Trade,  or  Mvtttry,  ahdiftfrihe  Manner  of  in  Appr.-nr.'ce.  to 

>c  Ttrm  of  ^ i/^t'!tn    uAitr^ tL ■—, -^ — - 

uing,    to    be  corof'e^  ^fl^cisJ-     Dunng  all   which  faid   Tci/h,   t':c  fi.U 


ptic  and  liinJ 

to  Ifarn      /*<< 
fcrve  froVn  "T 

during  the   .......   ..        m^^,^-  ~    ~.^.~~^ — . : -= -j-,  -r .  ^ 

next  enfuin'^,    to    be  corof'e/t  aa^nded.     During  all   which  faid   Tci/h,   t  :c  fi.U 

ApprentKe    r^i^  \xv\ yM/^ l;^^^ fa:(hn;lly  ftall  forvo,   >^6/- 3corCi5 

keep,    n*^    la\vful;2^n:iands  gladly  obey  :  )^  fhall  do  no  Damjf^c  to   /it^  \xA 

^y^M/terr~ -^fec  it  done  by  otheri,  without  letting  or  gi-y<i^  Kotic'.- 1 hereof  :j 

/U^ii\A  £^/t/Zi^ iPH^- — ^(hallnotwafte  v4</ fj:d  e^^^Ui^ 

_  _^r:nnH<,  nor  lend  them  unlawfully  to  any:    /Q:/    Jliall  noc  ccr.n^.r 

Fornication,  or  concravft  Matrimony,  within  t^e  laid  Tei^m.     At  Cardj,  D^s;e>  or  any 
other  unlawful  Game,'  f^    (lull  not  playyf  hereby  At^    faid   £y/lji^i^i/_ — '. — 

. may  have  Da^ge.     \Viih_    A^ -jrO'J-n  Goods,  or  the  Gooc'  "•■'■ 

■withouuLiccnce  frorn    ^/^- 


fhaJl  n()t  ablent    /ft^n 
Service,  withouf^ 
but  in  all  "Dnngs  belu^^ 
towards  -A t<f 'ii'^^ e^^* 
And  the  faid    <^i^/*/ 
inftruift,  o!xS?ilejLe/jid7\ 
Calhnijot'^   ^rtrtXiX'/i^ 
beft  VVays  and  Mean*    fljey'. 


id  i/^aJZ^  Ae-  Ifiall  ncithe^  l^uy  nor  f-H^  <^Sf^:^^ 

Leave  ;  or  haunt  Ale-ho'dfcs,  Tavern?,  or  P(i/f^hoiifcs ; 
■^5^1_-as  a  good  and  faidd'ul  Apprentice  oug.'it  to  dj 

"^and  aU     /fe^.—  during  the  faid  Term; 

do'7»  ___-hcrcby  prcmrfe  to  teach  and 


■entice  to  be  taught  and  inftraited,  in  the  Art,  Trade,  or 

^Ji by  tlu; 

3,  '^/f^An/jthrfcurt^a^'^.^rmWc^rj 


......  ^/^X_^ 


fet 


jn  01  our  sovereign  Lora  ^fc^ye' 
}^tr^ King  of  Criat-Bntain,  &c.  Ar.n:i;  Dim,  {77A-—'^^ 


%gnti,  ^talti,  and  Dtlivuci^ 
r\    in  ib(  Priftnet  #/ 


ij'o 


f'^^'"     ^70l^f^lJ" 


PROVIDENCE  NEWSPAPERS  BEFORE  1800  11 


subscriptions,  advertisements  and  letters  of  intelligence  for  this  paper 
will  be  thankfully  received.  All  business  in  the  printing  way  for 
gentlemen  in  this  Colony,  the  Massachusetts  Bay  and  Connecticut  will 
be  correctly,  expeditiously  and  reasonably  performed."  The  price  of  the 
paper  was  seven  shillings  per  year. 

The  following  advertisement  for  a  printer  appeared  Dec.  17,  1763 : 

"  Wanted  a  journeyman  printer,  who  can  work  both  at  case  and  press.  Such  a  one 
will  meet  with  good  encouragement  from  the  printer  hereof." 

There  could  have  been  no  expectation  in  the  mind  of  the  advertiser 
that  any  idle  journeymen  were  then  living  in  the  town.  The  paper 
exchanged  with  other  papers  in  various  towns,  and  the  hope  must  have 
been  that  some  craftsman  would  see  the  advertisement  and  be  tempted 
to  try  his  fortune  in  these  plantations. 

One  of  the  drawbacks  to  the  successs  of  the  newspaper  was  the 
non-payment  of  subscriptions.  The  complaints  in  regard  to  this  began 
at  the  end  of  the  first  half  year  and  continued  until  a  better  way  was 
found  than  that  of  trusting  customers  who  never  paid  for  their  news- 
papers. In  the  Gazette  of  April  26,  1763,  Mr.  Goddard  requested 
payment  from  those  of  his  patrons  who  were  indebted  to  him  in  these 
words : 

"The  great  expense  of  carrying  on  the  Printing  Business,  obliges  the  Printer  hereof, 
to  request  those  persons  who  have  generously  favored  him  with  their  custom,  and  are  in 
arrears  for  the  first  half  year  of  this  Paper,  to  pay  the  same  as  soon  as  convenient,  that 
he  may  be  the  better  enabled  to  serve  them  for  the  future." 

When  Mr.  Carter  had  conducted  the  paper  for  20  years  he  pubHshed 
the  following: 

"The  Editor  to  His  Readers:  In  August  next  [1787]  20  years  will  have  elapsed  since 
the  editor  of  this  Gazette  was  first  concerned  in  its  publication.  From  some  of  the  sub- 
scribers (who  still  favor  him  with  their  custom)  nothing  has  been  received  during  so  long 
a  period,  and  many  others  remain  indebted  from  five  to  15  years.  All  in  arrears  for  one* 
year  or  more,  are  earnestly  requested  to  pay.  Those  who  have  been  several  years  in- 
debted are  particularly  informed,  that  unless  their  accounts  are  speedily  and  honorably 
closed,  their  papers  must  and  will  be  stopt.  He  reluctantly  observes  that  for  some  years 
passed  he  has  not  received  from  the  whole  of  his  subscribers  a  sufliciency  to  defray  even 
the  charge  of  paper  whereon  the  Gazette  has  been  printed,  which  is  but  an  inconsiderable 
part  of  the  constant  incidental  expense." 

At  almost  the  end  of  his  career  [Jan.  1,  1814]  he  wrote : 

"War  prices  being  attached  to  every  article  made  use  of  in  the  Printing  Business,  as 
well  as  to  the  common  necessaries  of  life,  imperiously  compels  the  Editor  of  the  Provi- 
dence Gazette  ( after  48  years  laborious  attention  to  the  duties  of  his  profession  )  to  call 
upon  all  persons  in  arrear  to  him  for  News-Papers,  Advertisements,  and  other  Printing 
Work,  to  make  immediate  Payment,  which  will  highly  oblige  him,  at  this  crisis  of  uncommon 
difficulty.  The  several  accounts  will  be  prepared;  and  although  small,  the  aggregate 
amount  would  enable  him  to  pay  his  Paper  Maker,  meet  the  demands  of  creditors  he  is 
anxious  to  pay,  and  obtain  for  himself  and  Family  the  common  comforts  of  life.  These 
are  his  objects,  and  the  height  of  his  speculations." 

When  134  numbers  of  the  Gazette  had  been  printed  [May  11, 1765] 
it  was  suspended  temporarily,  because  of  the  unsatisfactory  financial 
returns.    It  was  to  be  revived  six  months  later  "  provided  the  oppressive 


12  PRINTERS  AND  PRINTING  IN  PROVIDENCE 

and  insupportable  stamp  duties,  with  which  the  colonies  are  threatened, 
should  not  render  it  impossible."  The  job  printing  business  was  con- 
tinued. 

Not  until  Aug.  9,  1766,  when  the  Stamp  Act  had  been  repealed,  did 
the  Gazette  begin  a  permanent  existence.  The  imprint  then  contained 
the  information  that  the  paper  was  in  the  hands  of  Sarah  Goddard  and 
Company,  and  that  one-half  of  the  subscription  price  was  to  be  paid  on 
receiving  the  first  paper;  also,  that  "provisions,  grain  of  any  kind, 
tallow,  wood,  wool  and  many  other  articles  of  country  produce  "  would 
be  accepted  instead  of  money. 

The  second  number  of  the  paper  contained  a  letter  from  Mr. 
Goddard,  dated  at  New  York,  July  20,  1766,  where  he  was  trying  to 
establish  himself  in  business.  In  it  he  told  of  his  efforts  in  Providence, 
through  the  Gazette,  to  promote  the  cause  of  liberty.  He  said  also  that 
he  received  a 

"letter,  signed  by  many  of  my  former  readers,  and  others,  urging  my  return, — the 
necessity  of  their  having  a  public  paper,  to  continue  such  notices  as  the  Providence 
Gazette  used  to  convey  in  support  of  public  liberty,  and  the  almost  certainty  of  my 
meeting  with  due  encouragement.*  *  *  I  returned  to  make  trial  of  their  good  will.  I  pub- 
lished a  newspaper  soon  after,  [Gazette  Extraordinary,  Aug.  24,  1765,]  containing  pro- 
posals for  reviving  the  Gazette,  in  which  it  was  stipulated  that  in  case  I  obtained  800 
subscribers  in  five  weeks  time,  I  would  then  begin;  but  if  not,  no  further  trial  would  be 
made  till  the  first  Saturday  in  June,  [1766]  when  it  would  either  begin,  or  the  design  be 
entirely  laid  aside.*  *  *  An  arduous  trial  was  made,  in  which  I  did"  everything  in  my  power 
to  insure  success,  but  was  not  so  happy  as  to  meet  with  it.*  *  *  Under  these  circumstances, 
beingagaininvitedby  my  friends  here  [New  York]  to  return,  bring  my  printing  materials, 
and  establish  myself  in  a  more  extensive  business,  in  which  I  was  promised  their  counte- 
nance and  support,  prudence  obliged  me  to  follow  their  advice — in  part.  But  though  I 
cannot  reasonably  expect  to  make  any  adequate  advantage  of  my  printing  materials 
(which  cost  me  near  £300  sterling)  where  they  are,  yet  I  could  not  be  persuaded  to  take 
them  away;  rather  choosing  to  leave  them  for  the  benefit  of  my  friends  where  they  are, 
in  the  hands  of  my  mother,  Mrs.  Sarah  Goddard,  who  has  engaged  to  do  all  she  can  for 
supporting  the  printing  business  in  Providence.*  *  *  And  as  I  have  lately  sent  her  an  assistant 
[Samuel  Inslee]  to  enable  her  to  carry  on  the  business  more  extensively,  I  am  convinced 
if  she  meets  with  real  encouragement,  she  will  be  able  to  give  satisfaction." 

Jan.  10, 1767,  Inslee  advertised  for  "one  or  two  journeymen  printers, 
who  can  work  both  at  case  and  press,  and  are  willing  to  go  to  the  west- 
ward." Probably  Inslee  left  about  this  time,  for  John  Carter  came  from 
Benj.  Frankhn's  oflftce  in  Philadelphia  in  August,  1767,  and  on  Sept.  19 
became  a  partner  with  Mrs.  Goddard  in  the  business.  One  year  later 
[Nov.  12,  1768]  the  business  came  into  possession  of  Carter  and  so 
remained  until  Feb.  19,  1814,  except  for  the  time  between  Nov.  2,  1793, 
and  May  9,  1799,  when  WilHam  Wilkinson  was  Carter's  partner. 

The  changes  in  the  imprint  were  frequent  and  now  cause  some  con- 
fusion as  to  the  exact  place  where  the  paper  was  printed.  At  first  it 
read  "opposite  the  Court  House ;"  then  "  near  the  Court  House ;"  now, 
at  the  "  store  of  Judge  Jenckes,  near  the  Great  Bridge,  and  published  at 
his  book  shop,  just  above  it,  at  the  sign  of  Shakespeare's  Head ;"  again. 


■:ei8  -  jeS6. 


Georoe  Wlut  m.a.nil>ameLson.. 
J82.9  -  1884-  . 


PROVIDENCE  NEWSPAPERS  BEFORE  1800  13 


"  near  the  sign  of  the  Golden  Eagle,  next  door  below  Knight  Dexter's, 
Esq.;"  "  at  the  sign  of  Shakespeare's  Head,  in  the  same  building  with 
the  Post  Office ;"  "  at  the  Printing  Office  near  the  Great  Bridge ;"  "de- 
livered either  from  the  Post  Office,  near  the  Court  House,  or  Printing 
Office  near  the  Great  Bridge ;"  "  both  Post  Office  and  Printing  Office 
were  removed  to  the  house  lately  occupied  by  Mr.  John  Alpin,  nearly 
opposite  to  Knight  Dexter's,  at  the  sign  of  the  Golden  Eagle ;"  "  at  the 
sign  of  Shakespeare's  Head,  near  the  Court  House,  in  King  street ;" 
"the  Printing  and  Post  Offices  are  removed  to  Meeting  street,  nearly 
opposite  the  Friends  Meeting  House."    [Now  No.  21  Meeting  street.] 

This  last  building  was  used  when  Carter  came  into  possession.  There 
were  few  houses  in  the  town.  A  building  might  be  opposite  another 
and  still  be  two  or  three  streets  away,  or  it  might  be  next  to  another 
and  half  a  dozen  empty  lots  intervene.  Only  an  acquaintance  with  the 
layout  of  the  town  could  straighten  the  matter. 

With  the  establishment  of  a  printing  office  came  the  necessity  of 
having  a  paper  mill.  The  industry  was  started  in  1764,  but  the  first 
evidence  in  the  Gazette  of  its  existence  was  an  advertisement,  June  7, 
1767,  that  John  Waterman  wanted  an  apprentice  to  learn  paper  making, 
at  his  mill  on  the  Woonasquatucket,  in  the  present  Olneyville.  Two 
years  later  Waterman  added  a  printing  press  and  types  to  his  business 
at  the  paper  mill. 

Isaiah  Thomas  says :  "  In  1769,  he  [Waterman]  purchased  the  press 
and  types  which  were  for  many  years  owned  and  used  by  Samuel 
Kneeland  of  Boston."  Kneeland  died  that  year.  The  name  of  [Ezekiel ?] 
Russell  was  associated  with  Waterman  in  the  printing  office.  Several 
small  books  were  printed  there,  among  them  the  "New  England  Primer," 
dated  1775,  two  copies  of  which  are  now  in  existence,  "one  in  the  Lenox 
Library,  New  York,  and  one  in  a  private  library  in  Hartford,  Conn." 

Waterman  died  Feb.  7,  1777,  and  his  successors  at  the  paper  mill 
abandoned  the  printing  part  of  the  business  and  devoted  their  energies 
to  other  lines,  including  the  making  and  dyeing  of  cloth. 

When  the  materials  used  in  the  Gazette  office  needed  replacing 
Carter  ordered  a  new  dress  of  types  in  England.  Before  it  arrived  the 
Revolutionary  War  had  started,  and  when  the  type  reached  New  York 
it  was  confiscated  by  the  King's  custom  house  authorities.  Carter  then 
purchased  the  printing  materials  at  the  paper  mill.  This  sale  occurred 
early  in  1779. 

Solomon  Southwick  had  published  the  Mercury  in  Newport  up  to 
the  occupation  of  that  town  by  the  British.  He  then  buried  his  types 
and  press  and  sought  safety  in  Providence.  Here  he  found  that  the 
only  way  in  which  he  could  supply  himself  with  materials  for  carrying 


14  PRINTERS  AND  PRINTING  IN  PROVIDENCE 


on  his  business  was  through  John  Carter,  He  succeeded  in  inducing 
Carter  to  sell  the  press  and  part  of  the  types  that  the  latter  had  pur- 
chased from  the  Waterman  heirs  "at  the  cost  price  to  himself  with  a 
verbal  proviso"  so  Carter  says,  "  that  they  should  not  be  set  up  in  the 
town,  or  used  to  oppose  a  friend  in  business  who  had  served  him  in 
distress." 

Southwick  at  first  started  in  business  in  Rehoboth,  Mass.,  but 
secured  one-half  of  the  Rhode  Island  State  printing  and  April  1, 1779,  in 
company  with  Bennett  Wheeler,  began  to  publish  The  American 
Journal  and  General  Advertiser,  using  the  Updike  house,  next  door 
to  Carter's,  for  an  office.  There  was  much  feeling  displayed  by  Carter 
at  Southwick's  alleged  treachery.  The  latter  denied  having  made  any 
such  agreement  as  claimed  by  Carter. 

Southwick  was  connected  with  the  Journal  only  until  the  December 
following,  when  it  came  into  possession  of  Bennett  Wheeler,  who  con- 
tinued it  until  Aug.  29,  1781.  The  last  seven  months  it  was  issued  as  a 
semi-weekly,  Wheeler  printing  two  pages  on  Wednesday  and  two  pages 
on  Saturday.  This  was  the  first  semi- weekly  paper  printed  in  the  town. 
It  was  also  the  first  paper  to  be  printed  on  the  west  side  of  the  river. 
The  issue  of  Dec.  2,  1779,  contained  the  following  notice : 

"The  printing  office  is  removed  from  the  house  of  Capt.  John  Updike  to  the  store  of 
Mr.  Thomas  Jones,  next  door  but  one  to  the  sign  of  General  Washington,  on  the  west  side 
of  the  Great  Bridge." 

The  Updike  house  was  the  one  just  west  of  No.  21  Meeting  street, 
and  is  still  standing. 

The  Revolutionary  War  did  not  excite  the  newspapers  very  much, 
judging  by  the  brief  accounts  of  important  events.  The  destruction  of 
the  Gaspee  was  described  in  163  words,  and  from  the  beginning  of  the 
trouble  to  the  end  of  the  inquiry  was  referred  to  but  five  times  by  the 
editor  of  the  Gazette.  About  a  month  after  the  end  of  the  investigation 
an  attempt  was  made  to  indict  Mr.  Carter  for  libel,  the  first  of  the  kind 
in  the  town.    The  Gazette  of  July  3,  1773,  tells  the  story  as  follows : 

"Last  week,  at  the  Inferior  Court  of  Common  Pleas  for  the  County  of  Providence,  a 
bill  of  indictment  was  preferred  to  the  Grand  Jury  against  the  printer  of  this  paper,  for 
printing  and  publishing  by  request,  not  '  a  false,  scandalous  and  malicious  libel,'  but  a 
well-known  established  truth,  which  cannot  be  disproved,  viz:  that  J — n  C — e,  Esq., 
(a  member  of  the  committee  of  correspondence  appointed  by  the  General  Assembly )  had, 
'in  a  very  flagrant  manner,  shamefully  violated  and  betrayed  the  faith  and  confidence 
reposed  in  him  by  his  country,  in  yielding  obedience  to  a  mandate  from  the  commis- 
sioners of  enquiry,  and  answering  interrogatories  before  them  on  oath,  thereby  fully 
acknowledging  their  jurisdiction,  and  endeavoring  to  counteract  the  laudable  design  of 
the  House  in  appointing  the  said  committee'-— and  that  a  motion  hud  been  made,  at  a 
meeting  of  the  freemen  for  the  town  'to  instruct  its  Representatives,  that  in  the  next 
session  of  Assembly  they  use  their  influence  to  displace  the  said  J — n  C— e,  Esq.,  from 
being  a  member  of  the  committee  of  correspondence.'  This  very  extraordinary  attempt 
to  destroy  the  liberty  of  the  press  became  a  matter  of  great  expectation,  and  did  not  fail 
to  alarm  the  PViends  of  Freedom  ;  their  apprehensions,  however,  soon  subsided,  the  honest 
jury  having  returned  the  bill  ignoramus." 


PROVIDENCE  NEWSPAPERS  BEFORE  1800  15 

The  story  of  the  battle  of  Lexington  occupied  nine  inches  in  the 
Gazette  with  this  significant  statement  from  the  editor :  "  Thus  has 
commenced  the  American  Civil  War." 

Bunker  Hill  was  told  in  six  and  one-half  inches.  The  royal  coat  of 
arms  was  omitted  from  the  heading  of  the  Gazette  May  11,  1776. 

The  scarcity  of  material  to  make  paper  from  was  severely  felt 
during  the  war.  Blue  tinted  paper  was  sometimes  used,  and  the  size  of 
the  paper  reduced  one-half.  March,  1777,  an  advertisement  announced 
that  "  four  coppers  per  pound  will  be  given  for  fine  linen  and  cotton 
rags,  and  two  coppers  for  coarse,  by  John  0.  Waterman,  at  the  paper 
mills  in  Providence,  and  by  the  printer  of  the  Gazette.  A  cart  from 
the  paper  mills  will  go  through  the  town  of  Providence  once  a  month 
for  the  purpose  of  collecting  rags." 

The  price  of  the  Gazette  had  risen  from  7  to  42  shilHngs  by  June, 
1778,  but  the  price  was  not  changed  in  cases  where  pa>Tnent  was  made 
in  country  produce.  Aug.  31,  1779,  the  freemen  of  the  town  voted  to 
fix  the  price  of  certain  articles,  including  wages  for  printers  and  other 
tradesmen,  at  20  per  cent  less  than  the  prevaiHng  rate.  Notwith- 
standing this  attempt  the  price  of  the  Gazette  rose  to  £6  per  quarter  in 
May,  1780,  and  in  July  of  the  same  year  $1  per  pound  was  offered 
for  rags. 

An  extra  was  issued  Oct.  25,  1781,  containing  the  story  of  the 
capture  of  Lord  CornwalHs,  and  on  Nov.  8, 1781,  another  extra  told  of 
the  surrender  of  York  and  Gloucester. 

When  the  Revolutionary  War  ended,  the  Gazette  procured  new 
printing  materials.  The  first  number  issued  in  January,  1782,  was 
printed  from  new  types  and  with  a  new  heading.  Mr.  Carter  added 
bookselhng  to  his  business  in  1783,  importing  directly  from  London. 

A  supplement  was  issued  Dec.  3,  1783,  which  contained  a  "scoop" 
of  the  whole  newspaper  press  of  the  country.  In  these  words  the  editor 
announced  the  important  news: 

"  By  the  brig  Don  Golvez,  Capt.  Silas  Jones,  arrived  in  the  river  from  London,  we 
have  received  a  copy  of  the  long  looked-for  Definitive  Treaty,  which  we  embrace  the 
earliest  occasion  of  handing  to  the  public." 

This  was  the  treaty  of  peace  between  Great  Britain  and  the  United 
States  that  ofiicially  ended  the  war. 

On  the  1st  of  January,  1784,  a  rival  to  the  Gazette  appeared.  The 
United  States  Chronicle,  Political,  Commercial  and  Historical,  was  begun 
by  Bennett  Wheeler,  in  an  office  "on  the  west  side  of  the  river."  The 
Chronicle  lived  a  little  more  than  20  years,  until  May  24,  1804.  It  was 
moved  five  times.  Its  editor  made  the  first  attempt  at  reporting  on 
record.  He  attended  the  Legislature  during  the  session  of  1788  and 
reported  the  proceedings  for  his  paper.    There  is  no  evidence  that  he 


16  PRINTERS  AND  PRINTING  IN   PROVIDENCE 


persisted  in  the  business  of  reporting.    His  presence  was  probably  more 
valuable  in  his  printing  office. 

The  second  building  erected  specially  for  a  printing  office  was  built 
for  the  Chronicle  on  land  now  occupied  by  the  National  Exchange  Bank, 
corner  Westminster  and  Exchange  streets.  The  assessed  valuation  of 
the  land  was  $1,100  and  it  was  leased  from  Jacob  Whitman,  Jr.,  who 
then  kept  a  store  at  the  "  Sign  of  the  Turk's  Head."  Wheeler  announced 
his  purpose  Jan.  28,  1796,  as  follows : 

"  The  subscriber  having  it  in  contemplation  to  erect  a  building,  for  the  purpose  of 
prosecuting  the  printing,  book-binding  and  book-selling  business,  upon  a  more  enlarged 
scale  than  heretofore,  offers  to  receive  of  any  of  his  customers  or  of  any  person  indebted 
to  him,  ranging-timber,  joists,  boards,  plank,  shingles,  laths,  clapboards,  nails,  lime,  brick, 
stone,  or  mason's  and  carpenter's  work.  Those  who  are  indebted,  and  cannot  supply  any 
of  the  above  articles,  will  please  to  furnish  a  little  cash,  which  will  also  be  wanted." 

The  building  was  occupied  by  the  Chronicle  Sept.  28,  1796, 
Toward  the  end  of  its  career  the  Chronicle  became  the  organ  of 
John  Dorrance,  an  aggressive  opponent  of  Gov.  Arthur  Fenner,  and  its 
course  in  that  capacity  provoked  the  General  Assembly  of  the  State  to 
take  action.  At  the  October  session  in  1801,  the  following  was  adopted 
by  that  body : 

"Forasmuch  as  several  publications  have  of  late  been  made,  in  a  certain  newspaper, 
printed  at  Providence  by  Bennett  Wheeler,  called  the  United  States  Chronicle,  slandering 
and  defaming  the  Governor,  Supreme  Court,  and  other  constituted  authorities  of  this 
State,  one  of  which  publications  was  subscribed  by  John  Dorrance : 

"  Resolved,  That,  in  the  opinion  of  this  General  Assembly,  the  said  publications  tend 
to"  discredit  this  State  abroad,  and  to  disquiet  the  good  people  of  the  State,  by  weakening 
public  confidence  in  the  constituted  authorities  thereof. 

"  Resolved,  That,  in  the  opinion  of  this  General  Assembly,  his  Excellency  the  Governor, 
the  Supreme  Court,  and  the  other  constituted  authorities  of  this  State,  are  well  entitled  to 
the  public  confidence,  and  have  deserved  v/ell  of  their  fellow  citizens,  by  a  faithful  and 
meritorious  execution  of  the  trusts  reposed  in  them  by  the  people. 

"  Voted,  That  the  above  resolutions  be  published,  for  three  weeks  successively,  in  all 
the  newspapers  printed  in  this  State." 

On  the  whole  Wheeler's  conduct  of  his  paper  compared  favorably 
with  his  contemporaries.  There  are  few  portraits  in  existence  of  the 
printers  of  those  days.  The  following  caricature  from  the  Phoenix  of 
Sept.  14,  1802,  may  convey  some  idea  of  Wheeler's  personality : 

"I  was,  d'ye  see!  a  Gentleman, 

As  neat  and  spruce  as  any: 

Betwixt  th'  'Change  and  Billingsgate  Bar, 

I  caught  the  eye  of  many. 

With  dress  so  tight, 

And  head  so  white. 

Small  shoes  with  pointed  toe, 

I've  oft  surveyed  myself  and  said, 

'Damme,  I'm  quite  a  beau.' 

When  fresh  from  under  Tonsor's  hand, 

I  strutted  through  the  city, 

No  cauliflower  e'er  could  boast, 

A  head  so  great  and  empty, 

With  hat  in  hand, 

I'd  often  stand. 

My  frizzled  pate  to  show. 

And  every  lass  that  saw  me  pass, 

Exclaimed,  'O,  what  a  Beau.'  " 


PROVIDENCE  NEWSPAPERS  BEFORE  1800  17 

Mr.  Carter  of  the  Gazette  was  Postmaster  of  the  town  from  July, 
1772,  until  June,  1792.  In  those  days  letters  were  sometimes  dehvered 
without  payment  of  postage.  After  18  years  service,  Mr.  Carter  gave 
notice  that  as  "the  Postmaster  being  obliged  to  settle  his  accounts 
quarterly  with  the  General  Post  Office,  and  make  payment  on  the  very 
day  a  quarter  becomes  due,  finds  it  particularly  inconvenient  to  advance 
money  for  discharging  the  debts  of  others  when  he  cannot  collect  his 
own,"  postage  of  letters  in  future  must  be  paid  on  deUvery. 

November,  1793,  Mr.  Carter  formed  a  partnership  with  WilHam 
Wilkinson  who  had  succeeded  him  as  Postmaster.  Wilkinson  was  a 
bookseller.  A  building  had  been  erected  for  the  new  firm,  the  first  in 
the  town  for  a  printing  office.  This  building  was  afterwards  known  as 
the  "Old  Coffee  House."  Canal  street  was  then  called  North  Water 
street  and  Market  square  Market  street.  The  building  was  at  the 
comer  of  North  Water  and  Market  streets.  The  Post  Office  was  re- 
moved to  the  new  building.  Bookselling,  bookbinding  and  printing 
were  carried  on  by  the  firm  of  Carter  &  Wilkinson. 

The  Gazette  was  enlarged  Jan.  3,  1795,  and  column  rules  were  used 
for  the  first  time.  Towards  the  end  of  December  announcement  was 
made  that  the  Gazette  would  be  issued  semi-weekly,  but  the  plan  was 
abandoned.  The  partnership  of  Carter  &  Wilkinson  expired  May  9, 1799. 
The  printing  office  was  continued  by  Carter. 

The  partnership  did  not  end  amicably,  judging  by  the  complaints 
of  Carter  in  the  Gazette.  Letters  and  exchanges  were  missed.  Isaiah 
Thomas,  Deputy  Postmaster  at  Worcester,  wrote  to  Carter  on  April  26, 
1799,  as  follows : 

"  It  is  a  fact,  that  since  1793  I  have  addressed  several  letters  to  you  ( I  think  not  less 
than  three)  and  sent  them  by  mail.  In  future,  I  will  endeavor  to  write  you  by  a  private 
conveyance.     But  are  letters  to  be  stopped  by  Postmasters  with  impunity?" 

And  Carter  added  to  this  in  the  Gazette,  that  "  at  a  proper  time  and 
place  the  editor  will  be  ready  to  testify  on  oath,  that  neither  of  the 
letters  referred  to  in  the  above  extract  ever  came  to  his  hands  ;  and  as 
the  mails  between  Worcester  and  this  town  had  never  been  robbed  on 
the  road,  he  has  every  reason  to  beheve  that  his  letters  arrived  safe  at 
the  Post  Office  in  Providence." 

Two  extracts  from  the  Gazette  referring  to*the  disagreements  of 
the  recent  partners  will  show  Carter's  style  when  he  intended  to  be 
satirical : 

"  To  be  let,  and  entered  on  the  5th  of  July  next  ( the  present  ground  lease  expiring  on 
the  4th  of  that  month.)  The  first  floor  of  a  large  and  commodious  three-story  building, 
40  by  21  feet,  in  the  center  of  the  Town  of  Providence,  originally  erected  in  1793  for  the 
purpose  of  furnishing  sentimental  repasts ;  but  which,  perhaps  from  a  mutability  peculiar 
to  this  strange  world  of  ours,  has  been  for  some  time  transformed,  as  if  by  art  magic, 
into — a  corn  and  meal  store !     an  ironmonger's  shop  !     a  cotton  factory  !   &c.  &c.  &c. 


18  PRINTERS  AND  PRINTING  IN  PROVIDENCE 


"Also  to  let,  a  large  and  commodious  cellar,  very  handy  for  storing  nail-rods  bound, 
if  not  lettered — iron  in  sheets — oysters,  open  or  shut — cider — beef — pork,  and  such  like 
miscellaneous  and  heterogeneous  works,  and  raw  materials. 

"One  quarter's  rent  to  be  paid  constantly  in  advance  (  a  condition  of  the  ground  lease) 
that  the  proprietor  of  the  building  may  save  a  little,  in  case  the  tenant  should  prove  to  be 
a  professor  of  hocus  pocus  or  legerdemain — or  should  fin^sse,  make  over  his  property  in 
trust,  and  prepare  for  washing  to  fouler  stains,  in  the  laver  of  an  act  provided  for  the 
relief  only  of  honest  men.  An  advance  would  also  be  proper  from  another  consideration  : 
Disputes  might  arise,  in  which  case  the  tenant  could  propose  submitting  matters  and 
things  to  referees,  and  require  sixteen  months  to  manufacture  tragicomic  accounts  for 
their  inspection  and  amusement! 

"  For  terms,  please  to  enquire  on  the  second  floor  of  said  building,  situated  very  near 
the  east  end  of  the  'Great  and  general'  bridge,  or — (if  not  out  of  the  way)  at  the  NEW 
COTTON  WORKS  in  Pawtucket. 

"  Providence,  June  28,  A.  D.  1800,  24th  year  of  American  Independence,  and  of  the 
compass  and  square  5800." 

In  January,  1802,  the  last  reference  to  the  trouble  was  made,  as 
follows : 

"Book-keeping  Improved. — We  learn  that  a  celebrated  accountant,  who  has  long  paid 
great  attention  to  the  subject,  and  made  deep  researches  in  the  business  of  pounds, 
shillings  and  pence,  is  about  to  favor  the  world  with  the  result  of  his  labors,  by  publishing 
a  method  of  book-keeping  on  a  plan  entirely  new,  which  comprises  some  discoveries  in 
that  line  highly  interesting  to  every  man  of  business,  being  an  improvement  on  all  other 
systems  of  bookkeeping.  It  proceeds  neither  by  single  nor  double  entr>',  but  in  a  variety 
of  cases  requires  no  entry  whatever.  As  for  cash-book,  sale-book,  journal,  invoice-book, 
and  such  like  lumber,  they  are  on  this  improved  plan  rendered  totally  unnecessary, 
whereby  a  very  considerable  saving  will  be  made  in  bank-books,  quills,  ink,  clerks' 
wages,  &c.  It  is  admirably  adapted  to  co-partnership  concerns,  as  after  the  dissolution  of 
the  firm,  not  more  than  seven  years  will  be  required  to  settle  accounts  between  the 
co-partners. 

"  The  ingenious  projector  ( William  Swindle,  Esq.,  Master  of  Arts,  and  Professor  of 
Legerdemain )  it  is  said,  proposes  not  only  securing  the  copy -right  in  the  usual  way,  but 
intends  also  an  application  to  Congress  for  a  patent." 

The  State  Gazette  and  Town  and  Country  Advertiser,  a  semi-weekly 
paper,  was  started  Jan.  4, 1796,  by  Joseph  Fry.  It  lived  less  than  a  year. 
Fry  was  a  partner  with  Henry  C.  Southwick  in  a  printing  office  in 
Albany,  N.  Y.,  in  1798.  In  1813  he  compiled  and  pubHshed  the  first 
Directory  for  that  city.    Southwick  was  a  son  of  Solomon  Southwick. 

John  Carter,  Jr.,  established  the  Providence  Journal  and  Town  and 
Country  Advertiser,  Jan.  3, 1799,  issuing  the  paper  on  Wednesdays  from 
"the  new  printing  office,  west  side  of  the  great  bridge."  The  father 
was  printing  the  Gazette  on  Saturdays  and  the  son  the  Journal  on 
Wednesdays,  practically  a  semi-weekly.  The  Journal  was  a  little  larger 
than  the  other  papers,  and  printed  the  laws  of  the  United  States,  using 
one-half  its  space  for  this  purpose.  By  separating  the  half  sheets  of 
the  laws  from  the  other  half  sheets  of  the  paper,  each  subscriber 
received  a  complete  copy  of  the  laws  of  the  United  States  in  a  form  to 
be  folded  in  a  pamphlet  unmixed  with  any  other  matter.  This  was  by 
instruction  of  the  Secretary  of  State.    The  Journal  lived  just  three  years. 

The  Impartial  Observer  was  issued  by  Benoni  Williams  in  January, 
1801,  from  No.  3  Market  House  Chamber.  There  were  few  advertise- 
ments in  the  paper.    The  body  type  used  was  sometimes  as  large  as  24 


PROVIDENCE  NEWSPAPERS  BEFORE  1800  19 


point.    It  was  opposed  to  the  Federalists.    Oct.  10, 1801,  Williams  issued 
the  following : 

"  I  want  money !  and  money  I  must  have — and  money  I  will  have,  ( if  I  can  get  it.) 
I  must  pay  for  paper — I  must  have  ink — they  must  have  wages — and  house  rent  they 
think.  The  party  feds  are  so  mad  they  will  not  suffer  those  who  fear  them  to  take  the 
Impartial  Observer.  Four  and  six  pence  is  easily  paid.  Therefore  I  shall  expect  that 
each  one  indebted  for  the  paper  will  bring  or  send  it  to  me  without  delay,  and  receive 
my  thanks." 

The  paper  stopped  March  6,  1802. 

Distributing  newspapers  has  always  been  an  important  part  of  the 
business.  Carriers  were  used  in  the  town  from  the  beginning.  News- 
papers carried  in  the  United  States  mails  were  by  act  of  Congress,  for 
estabhshing  the  Post-Office  and  Post-Roads,  subjected  to  a  postage  of 
one  cent  each  for  any  distance  not  exceeding  100  miles,  and  1  1-2  cents 
for  any  greater  distance.  This  law  went  into  effect  June  1,  1792. 
Printers  were  required  to  dry  their  papers  and  to  wrap  them  in  strong 
covers.  All  paper  was  subjected  to  a  wetting  in  those  days  before 
being  printed. 

The  following  advertisement  of  the  post  rider  from  Providence  to 
Connecticut  is  taken  from  the  Gazette  of  April  2,  1803  : 

"PAY  THE  POST,  THAT  HE  MAY  PAY  THE  PRINTER. 

"I  who  have  been  two  years  at  most 
( Strange  as't  may  seem  )  a  riding  Post 
And  worn  my  poor  old  Dobbin's  shoes  out 
With  riding  hard,  to  bring  the  news  out. 
And  made  wry  faces  at  the  storm, 
While  yet  the  news  was  moist  and  warm, 
That  you  might  read,  before  the  fire. 
Of  battles  fought,  and  sieges  dire. 
What  politician  now  is  vext, 
Who's  dead,  and  who  is  married  next. 
And  such  like  entertaining  story. 
Which  I  have  always  laid  before  ye — 
Solicit,  my  friends,  the  amount 
Of  what  is  due  ON  old  account. 

ALBE  STONE." 

The  price  of  the  Gazette  was  raised  to  $2  per  annum  in  May,  1805. 
In  1808  it  claimed  to  have  a  circulation  of  1300.  The  dollar  sign  ($) 
was  first  used  in  the  paper  May  20,  1809.  The  building  erected  for  the 
paper  and  so  long  occupied  by  it  was  sold  at  auction  Sept.  7,  1811,  and 
on  May  30,  1812,  the  imprint  read  "  Removed  to  the  building  at  the 
southeast  corner  of  the  Market  House,  directly  opposite  the  street 
leading  to  Brown  University." 

Feb.  19,  1814,  the  business  came  into  possession  of  Hugh  H.  Brown 
and  WilHam  H.  Wilson.  Both  of  the  new  owners  had  learned  printing 
with  Carter,  who  had  conducted  the  business  45  years.  He  died  on 
Aug.  20,  1815,  and  was  buried  in  St.  John's  churchyard,  on  North  Main 
street,  where  a  monument,  erected  by  his  daughter,  marks  his  grave. 


20  PRINTERS  AND  PRINTING  IN  PROVIDENCE 

Wilson  was  publisher  of  the  Gazette  for  the  week  ending  June  15, 
1816.  The  next  week  Brown  was  the  publisher  and  continued  in  that 
relation  until  Jan.  3,  1820,  when  Walter  R.  Danforth,  who  had  married 
Elizabeth,  daughter  of  John  Carter,  became  a  partner  and  editor.  A  new 
hand  press  was  added  and  also  new  types.  The  Gazette  at  last  became 
a  semi-weekly  at  $3  per  annum.  Danforth  retired  on  the  1st  of  January, 
1825,  and  was  succeeded  by  Albert  G.  Greene  as  editor,  with  Brown 
owner  of  the  plant.  The  following  October  announcement  was  made 
of  the  union  of  the  Gazette  and  American,  and  the  issue  of  the  8th  of 
that  month  was  the  last,  within  two  weeks  of  63  years  after  the  first 
one  was  printed.  Brown  retained  the  book  and  job  printing  materials 
and  conducted  that  portion  of  the  business  until  his  death  in  1863. 
The  Directory,  started  in  1824,  was  printed  there;  also  the  Rhode  Island 
Register  and  occasionally  the  City  Tax  List.  But  it  never  progressed 
beyond  the  hand  press  stage. 

Alexander  M.  Robertson  worked  in  the  office  getting  out  the  Tax 
Book  for  1857,  and  has  furnished  the  following  as  his  recollections  of 
the  man  and  the  establishment : 

"  Brown  was  a  rather  short,  thickset  man,  who  had  grown  exceedingly  nervous  in  his  long 
connection  with  the  printing  business.  The  office  was  in  the  attic  story  of  an  old  building 
at  the  southwest  corner  of  South  Main  and  College  streets.  It  was  a  dusty  old  place  and 
its  press  facilities  were  limited  to  a  hand  press.  There  were  no  regular  employes,  Brown 
doing  all  the  routine  work  himself.  When  the  Tax  List  or  Directory  was  to  be  printed 
special  compositors  were  hired,  and  the  press  work  was  done  at  A.  Crawford  Greene's. 

"A  story  was  often  related  about  Brown  going  up  to  a  press  on  which  was  being 
printed  one  of  the  forms,  and  exclaiming  to  the  pressman : 

"  'Here,  here,  stop!     You  are  working  my  form  without  p'ints! ' 

"In  times  gone  by,  both  on  hand  presses  and  on  the  first  Hoe  book  presses,  'points' 
were  thought  indispensable  for  getting  a  correct  backing  or  register  when  the  sheets  were 
turned  and  run  through  the  press  a  second  time." 

At  Brown's  death  in  1863  the  materials  went  to  the  junk  shop. 
Probably  the  original  press  brought  here  by  Goddard  in  1762  was  in- 
cluded in  the  dump. 


[Vo--  XIII  i 

r       PROVIDENCE 

A--t>  COUNTRY 


iVot,  Mli]  THE  [t!^y.,  C;-j.] 

RO  F  J  D  E  NC  E    GAZETTE; 


C  o  u 


J4MERICAN 

GENERAL 


(N""..  9S) 

JOURNAL, 


'©X  U  NITED  STATES 

Political,  Commercial,  and  Hiftorical. 


[•     To^';^7      ro^'XTRY  m:)M^rtiser.  i 


'Elie  |)roi)CD«uc-fotmial. 


AND 

TOWN      AND     COUNTRY      A  D  \-  F.  R  T  1  S  E  R. 


P.W*«.  . 

NESOAVS 

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TUK-nDAV,   M-1. 


THE  AMERICAN. 


*■•"•""'  1-  PnOVIDESCE.      TVESUAy,.  J.I.\L;.lliy    k>.    I80».  Ni»ia.«  ■2\. 


THE  MICROCOSIU. 


DEMOCRATIC    NEWSPAPERS 
IN    PROVIDENCE 

The  Providence  Phoenix  was  begun  May  11,  1802,  to  help  the 
organization  of  the  Democratic-Republican  party,  under  the  leader- 
ship of  Thomas  Jeiferson,  then  President  of  the  United  States,  and 
further  the  political  interests  of  Hon.  Theodore  Foster,  whose  term  as 
United  States  Senator  from  Rhode  Island  was  about  to  expire.  From 
its  starting  until  the  spring  of  1873  that  party  was  never  without  an 
organ  in  Providence.  In  the  period  from  the  beginning  of  the  century 
until  the  Civil  War  the  Democratic  party  was  in  control  of  the  public 
patronage  in  Washington  48  years  and  the  electoral  votes  of  Rhode 
Island  were  cast  for  the  candidates  of  that  party  five  times.  Of  the 
Providence  men  who  were  financially  interested  in  these  Democratic 
papers,  Bennett  H.  Wheeler  and  Welcome  B.  Sayles  became  Postmasters, 
Gideon  Bradford,  Collector  of  the  Port,  and  William  Jones  Miller,  Col- 
lector of  the  Ports  of  Warren  and  Bristol. 

The  imprint  on  the  first  Phoenix  read :  "  Printed  by  William  W. 
Dunham  for  T.  A.  Foster  and  W.  W.  Dunham,  at  their  printing  office 
nearly  opposite  the  Hon.  Theodore  Foster's  house,  Westminster  street." 
The  Theodore  Foster  residence  stood  at  what  is  now  the  northeast 
corner  of  Westminster  and  Eddy  streets,  where  the  Journal  Building  is 
located.  Theodore  Foster  was  one  of  the  first  United  States  Senators 
from  Rhode  Island,  serving  from  1790  to  1803. 

The  type  used  on  the  Phoenix  was  not  new.  Dunham  was  the 
practical  printer  of  the  concern.  The  price  of  the  paper  was  $1.50 
per  annum. 

In  October  the  Phoenix  was  moved  to  Market  square,  and  for  the 
first  five  months  of  1803  Samuel  J.  Wilhams  was  the  printer.  Then 
Dunham  again  took  up  the  work  and  continued  it  until  July,  1804,  when 
William  Olney  bought  the  business.  Olney  purchased  new  type  and 
enlarged  the  paper.  One  paragraph  of  his  address  to  the  patrons  of  the 
paper  follows : 

"As  his  education  or  'patriotism  was  not  imbibed  in  the  schools  or  the  jails  of  England 
or  Ireland,'  nor  learnt  from  British  or  Irish  instructors,  he  professes  not  to  be  swayed  by 
British,  Irish  or  French  politics;  he  will  therefore  endeavor  to  introduce  into  his  paper, 
those  principles  and  politics  which  shall  be  truly  American." 

Olney  raised  the  price  of  the  paper  to  $2  per  annum  and  made  it 
the  largest  and  best  looking  paper  in  the  town,  but  death  cut  his  career 
short  on  Jan.  10,  1807,  at  the  age  of  24. 


22  PRINTERS  AND  PRINTING  IN  PROVIDENCE 

Josiah  Jones  and  Bennett  H.  Wheeler  then  became  its  publishers. 
In  a  few  weeks  the  name  was  changed  to  The  Phenix.  The  next 
January  another  change  in  name  made  it  The  Columbian  Phenix  and 
two  years  later  the  words  "or  Providence  Patriot"  were  added.  From 
Jan.  15,  1814,  to  the  end  of  its  existence,  Dec.  29,  1832,  it  was  known  as 
Providence  Patriot  Columbian  Phenix.  It  was  issued  semi-weekly  from 
Jan.  2,  1819,  until  about  six  months  before  its  end.  During  the  year 
1819  Barzillai  Cranston  was  in  the  firm  with  Jones  &  Wheeler. 

Under  the  editorial  guidance  of  Wheeler  the  paper  was  fiercely 
aggressive,  and  so  popular  with  the  townspeople  that  in  1820  the 
Gazette  made  this  complaint : 

"  The  Patriot  has  the  largest  circulation  and  their  advertising  patronage  is  the  largest, 
notwithstanding  it  is  a  Democratic  paper  and  the  town  is  Federal." 

Imagine  a  paper  of  to-day  making  such  an  admission  with  regard 
to  its  business. 

Wheeler  was  appointed  Postmaster  in  June,  1823.  The  next  May, 
Eaton  W.  Maxcy,  just  out  of  his  apprenticeship,  acquired  an  interest, 
which  he  retained  for  one  year.  William  Simons  succeeded  Maxcy  in 
the  partnership,  retaining  the  connection  about  four  years.  He  then 
went  to  the  Republican  Herald,  which  his  son  had  purchased  from  John 
S.  Greene.  The  Patriot  languished  after  the  departure  of  Simons. 
J.  0.  Rockwell  was  its  editor  for  the  first  five  months  of  1831.  He  died 
in  June  of  that  year.  Josiah  Jones  retired  at  the  end  of  1832,  and 
although  Cornelius,  his  son,  proposed  to  continue  the  paper,  that  was 
probably  the  end. 

The  message  of  President  Jefferson,  dehvered  Oct.  27, 1807,  reached 
Providence  four  days  later,  and  was  the  occasion  of  an  "  extra  "  from 
the  Phenix  office.  The  last  stage  of  the  journey,  from  New  York  to 
Providence,  was  made  by  water.  The  first-class  steamers  of  to-day 
make  the  passage  in  about  12  hours.  Here  is  the  time  made  on  that 
occasion : 

"  By  the  fast  sailing  packet  Juno,  Capt.  Comstock,  in  the  remarkably  short  passage  of 
only  19  hours  from  New  York,  the  editors  of  the  Phenix  were  favored  with  a  copy  of  the 
highly  interesting  State  paper." 

The  Repubhcan  Herald  made  its  first  appearance  July  1,  1828,  as  a 
weekly.  Its  office  was  located  at  No.  7  North  Main  street  and  John  S. 
Greene  was  its  pubHsher.  A  year  later  Wilham  Simons,  Jr.,  bought  the 
paper  and  the  elder  Simons  became  its  editor,  retaining  that  position 
until  his  death,  which  occurred  at  Baltimore,  Md.,  March  6,  1845,  while 
returning  from  a  visit  to  Richmond,  Va.  The  son  died  three  years  later. 
Aaron  Simons,  another  son,  probably  conducted  the  paper  until  it  was 
united  with  the  Weekly  Post  in  1853,  although  his  name  was  not  in 
the  imprint. 


DEMOCRATIC  NEWSPAPERS  IN   PROVIDENCE  23 

The  Herald  was  issued  as  a  semi-weekly  Jan.  7,  1832,  and  a  man- 
power press  was  used  in  November,  1842. 

Col.  Simons  and  his  three  sons,  WiUiam,  Aaron  and  Edward  T.,  all 
printers,  were  a  notable  family.  From  the  editorial  room  of  the 
Herald  the  democracy  of  the  State  was  dispensed.  There  met  with  the 
editor  James  Fenner,  candidate  for  Governor  18  times  and  successful  13 
times,  and  his  Heutenants,  Dexter  Randall  and  Jonas  Titus,  constituting 
the  "  Big  Four."  Nearly  every  issue  of  the  Herald  contained  an  attack 
on  the  opposition  paper,  generally  of  a  witty  turn,  or  an  acknowledg- 
ment of  some  courtesy  from  it  in  the  way  of  loaning  matter  or  materials, 
which  the  Herald  could  not  have  obtained  from  any  other  source. 
Occasionally  the  Journal  people  would  threaten  to  refuse  such  favors, 
but  the  point  of  absolute  refusal  never  seems  to  have  been  reached. 

The  suffrage  issues  of  1840-43  were  handled  gingerly  by  the  Herald. 
To  satisfy  the  Dorrites  a  weekly  paper,  the  New  Age,  and  a  daily,  the 
Express,  came  into  existence.  After  the  excitement  was  over,  the 
Herald  explained  that  it  had  the  choice  of  silence  or  the  destruction  of 
its  plant,  and  it  chose  the  former  alternative. 

When  Dorr  returned  to  Providence  in  1843,  he  went  to  the  residence 
of  Col.  Simons,  then  opposite  the  City  Hotel,  on  Weybosset  street,  and 
was  arrested  there  Nov.  1. 

The  Providence  Daily  Gazette  was  started  April  20, 1844,  by  Joseph 
M.  Church,  at  11  College  street.  The  printing  was  done  at  the  office  of 
WilHam  Jones  Miller.  Its  pohtics  were  neutral  at  the  beginning,  but  it 
soon  developed  into  a  strong  supporter  of  the  Democratic  party.  The 
pubHcation  office  was  moved  to  the  Granite  building  Nov.  16,  1844,  and 
early  in  the  following  March  a  weekly  paper  was  issued,  The  Demo- 
cratic RepubHcan.  At  that  time  the  daily  claimed  the  largest  circulation 
in  the  State  and  was  an  interesting  evening  paper.  When  ex-President 
Andrew  Jackson  died  it  took  nine  days  to  transmit  the  news  of  the 
event  to  Providence.  Miller  ceased  to  do  the  printing  in  June,  1845, 
and  was  succeeded  by  J.  Howell  Wilson.  Publication  was  suspended 
Nov.  7, 1846. 

William  Jones  Miller,  a  practical  printer,  had  been  connected  with 
the  pubHcation  of  the  Dorrite  Express  in  1842-3  and  the  Daily  Gazette 
in  1844-5.  March  18,  1850,  in  company  with  Welcome  B.  Sayles,  then 
Postmaster,  he  started  the  Providence  Daily  Post,  at  No.  15  Market 
square.  Clement  Webster  was  editor.  The  Weekly  Post  was  issued 
from  the  same  office.  Webster's  name  disappeared  from  the  editorial 
column  in  February,  1852.  On  the  1st  of  January,  1853,  the  RepubHcan 
Herald  and  Weekly  Post  were  consolidated  and  Aaron  Simons  was 
admitted  to  the  partnership.    For  about  a  year  from  Nov.  6,  1854, 


24  PRINTERS  AND  PRINTING  IN   PROVIDENCE 

Edwin  Metcalf  s  name  was  carried  at  the  head  of  the  editorial  column. 
Sayles  retired  May  6,  1858,  Gideon  Bradford,  Collector  of  the  Port, 
buying  his  interest.  In  March,  1859,  the  columns  were  lengthened  two 
inches,  and  in  September,  1860,  a  column  was  added  to  each  page.  A 
new  dress  of  type  and  a  cylinder  press  enlarged  the  capacity  of  the 
office.  But  the  outbreak  of  the  Civil  War  the  next  year,  and  possibly 
the  unpopularity  of  the  politics  of  the  Post,  caused  the  paper  to  shrink 
to  its  old  size  on  July  1,  and  early  in  January,  1862,  the  property  passed 
to  Alfred  Anthony,  who  had  some  money  to  lose.  Only  Miller  and 
Simons's  names  were  signed  to  the  transfer.  The  Post  now  resumed 
its  largest  size,  but  the  increased  cost  of  white  paper  caused  a  shrinkage 
again  after  an  experience  of  one  year  and  five  months.  Anthony 
continued  its  pubHsher  until  Sept.  7,  1866,  when  Albert  S.  Gallup,  a 
cotton  broker,  tried  his  luck  as  publisher.  After  a  six  months  expe- 
rience he  oif ered  the  plant  for  sale  to  the  Democratic  pohticians  of  the 
State,  with  the  understanding  that  if  it  was  not  sold  by  May  1st,  1867, 
the  newspapers  would  be  discontinued.  Thomas  Steere  had  written 
the  editorials  for  the  Post  since  1864. 

The  politicians  either  had  no  money  or  no  pressing  use  for  the 
papers  and  they  were  stopped  May  11. 

Albert  A.  Scott  had  been  foreman  of  the  composing  room.  In 
company  with  Noah  D.  Payne,  a  broker,  he  began  the  publication  of 
The  Morning  Herald,  May  20,  1867,  using  the  equipment  of  the  defunct 
Post.  The  paper  was  enlarged,  and  the  weekly  Herald  was  continued. 
Scott  retired  in  September,  1868,  going  to  New  York,  where  he  worked 
as  a  journeyman  for  years  on  the  Sun.  Payne  continued  the  publication 
until  the  end,  which  came  May  21, 1873.  The  A.  &  W.  Sprague  Co.  had 
controlled  the  Herald,  and  the  approaching  troubles  of  that  firm  hastened 
the  paper's  collapse.  In  December,  1871,  the  editorial,  composing  and 
press  roooms  were  removed  to  the  Crabb  building,  junction  Dyer  and 
Peck  streets. 

James  A.  Miller,  George  W.  Danielson,  Seabury  S.  Tompkins,  Albert 
A.  Scott,  George  W.  Barry,  Edward  B.  Rose  and  Edward  A.  Carter  were 
at  diffierent  times  foremen  of  the  Post  and  Herald. 

Payne  established  a  large  job  printing  establishment  after  the 
demise  of  the  Herald,  now  known  as  the  Marion  Printing  Co. 

After  the  death  of  the  Morning  Herald  in  the  spring  of  1873,  the 
city  was  without  a  Democratic  paper  until  December,  1875.  From  the 
fifth  of  that  month  The  Sun  was  issued  weekly  from  No.  5  Washington 
row  by  Mann  &  Mellor,  (Henry  Mann  and  J.  H.  Mellor.)  Mann  had 
married  a  Rhode  Island  woman  and  had  become  interested  in  the  State. 
He  came  from  the  New  York  Sun,  at  that  time  the  leading  Democratic 


DEMOCRATIC  NEWSPAPERS  IN  PROVIDENCE  25 


paper  of  the  country.  A  daily  Sun  was  announced  for  Nov.  20, 1876. 
It  was  then  thought  by  many  that  Samuel  J.  Tilden  might  be  the 
next  President  of  the  United  States.  The  Daily  Sun  did  not  survive 
the  verdict  of  the  Electoral  Commission,  which  declared  R.  B.  Hayes 
elected  to  the  Presidency.  Lester  E.  Ross  was  the  publisher  after 
Dec.  4,  1876. 

There  was  another  break  in  the  chain  of  Democratic  papers  from  the 
demise  of  The  Sun  until  June  14,  1879,  when  Albion  N.  Merchant,  who 
had  come  from  Vermont,  began  to  pubhsh  The  Rhode  Island  Democrat 
from  the  Brownell  Building,  91  Westminster  street.  Merchant  died 
suddenly  on  May  15,  1884,  and  the  Democrat  came  into  the  possession 
of  Schofield  &  Trumpler  (John  H.  Schofield  and  Peter  J.  Trumpler.) 
Trumpler  withdrew  at  the  end  of  the  year.  Schofield  remained  with 
the  paper  until  Sept.  27,  1889.  Two  years  later  Eldora  J.  Schofield  sold 
it  to  the  Rhode  Islander  Pubhshing  Co.,  of  which  Benj.  F.  Evans  was 
manager.  The  office  had  been  removed  four  times  since  the  death  of 
Merchant.  In  March,  1892,  Evans  sold  the  paper  to  the  proprietors  of 
the  Newport  Herald,  and  it  was  removed  to  that  city  and  became  the 
weekly  edition  of  the  Herald. 

The  Telegram  was  started  as  a  Sunday  paper  in  1876  by  Charles  C. 
Corbett,  who  had  been  a  poHceman  in  this  city  and  had  made  a  success 
as  a  writer  on  the  Sunday  Dispatch.  In  1879  an  evening  edition  was 
added.  A  year  later  David  0.  Black,  who  had  successfully  managed  the 
Providence  Opera  House,  became  a  partner  of  Corbett's.  At  this  time 
the  printing  office  was  at  57  Weybosset  street,  next  to  the  Arcade,  and 
the  business  office  at  No.  1  Weybosset  street.  June  21,  1881,  Black 
became  sole  proprietor.  The  following  June  the  printing  office  was 
moved  to  49  Peck  street.  September,  1884,  it  was  again  moved  to  corner 
Peck  and  Friendship  streets. 

The  size,  pohtics  and  color  of  the  Telegram  about  this  time  varied 
according  to  the  demands  of  a  pohcy  that  announced  agreement  with 
the  popular  will.  Where  now  pages  are  added  to  the  size  of  newspapers 
to  meet  the  demands  of  news  and  advertisers,  in  1883  columns  were 
added  in  that  office.  Pink  paper  was  often  used  instead  of  white.  The 
Telegram's  politics  were  undoubtedly  independent.  The  labor  sentiment 
of  the  State  was  at  its  height  and  the  Telegram  did  much  to  aid  its 
progress.  The  1883  reorganization  meeting  of  Providence  Typographical 
Union  was  held  in  its  composing  room,  and  it  had  the  first  real  printers' 
chapel  in  the  city. 

The  three  years  between  1886  and  1889,  while  F.  A.  Crandall  was 
its  editor,  were  marked  by  an  editorial  influence  unequalled  in  the 
paper's  history,  and  an  improved  typographical  appearance.    Crandall 


26  PRINTERS  AND  PRINTING  IN  PROVIDENCE 

came  to  this  city  from  Buffalo,  N.  Y.,  where  he  had  risen  from  the  ranks 
of  the  compositors. 

After  nine  years  control  of  the  Telegram  David  0.  Black  sold  his 
interest  to  the  Telegram  Publishing  Co.,  Sept.  29,  1889.  The  Telegram 
was  to  become  a  Democratic  organ,  and  David  F.  Lingane  took  the 
helm,  which  he  held  until  Feb.  13, 1906.  The  business  office  had  been 
at  7  Weybosset  street.  April  21,  1892,  the  whole  plant  was  installed  in 
the  Barton  Block,  the  former  home  of  the  Journal.  On  that  date  the 
Telegram  contained  an  historical  sketch  of  its  career. 

The  plant  was  moved  to  the  Francis  building,  138-144  Westminster 
street,  next  west  of  the  Arcade,  on  the  evening  of  Saturday,  Dec.  9, 
1899.  The  Weekly  Telegram  was  begun  Jan.  30,  1899  at  50  cents  per 
annum. 

In  February,  1906,  Lingane  sold  the  Telegram  to  a  group  of  news- 
paper men  from  the  Journal,  who  continued  the  name  in  connection 
with  that  of  the  Tribune  for  a  while,  but  changed  the  pohtics  of  the 
paper  to  RepubHcan. 

WiUiam  H.  Barbour,  James  H.  Russell,  Andrew  F.  Moran,  Charles 
W.  Oberton,  Arthur  C.  Bierce,  Charles  M.  Clark  and  Harry  E.  Gatrell 
were  foremen  of  the  Telegram  before  the  change  of  management  in 
February,  1906. 


RHODE  ISLAND  AMERICAN 

The  American  was  started  as  a  semi- weekly  by  Dunham  &  Hawkins 
(William  W.  Dunham  and  David  Hawkins,  Jr.,)  Oct.  21,  1808,  at  the 
sign  of  the  American  Eagle,  opposite  the  Market;   $3  per  annum. 

In  May,  1812,  Hawkins  was  sole  publisher,  and  in  October,  1813,  it 
was  pubHshed  by  Miller  &  Mann,  (John  Miller  and  William  M.  Mann.) 
Miller  afterwards  started  the  Journal,  and  Mann  is  believed  to  have 
made  the  first  heading  for  the  Journal.  With  this  change  in  ownership 
the  office  was  removed  to  the  "  Old  Coffee  House."  In  April,  1814, 
WilHam  G.  Goddard,  son  of  the  original  printer  of  the  town,  entered  the 
partnership.  Goddard  edited  the  paper  for  ten  years,  and  was  well 
equipped  for  the  work.  Under  his  direction  the  American  took  high 
rank  for  excellence  and  character.  In  January,  1815,  Miller  withdrew, 
and  from  April,  1817,  until  July,  1819,  Goddard  was  sole  pubHsher. 
Then  he  took  his  foreman,  James  D.  Knowles,  into  the  firm.  This 
arrangement  lasted  until  October,  1820,  when  Goddard  again  became 
sole  pubHsher  and  continued  as  such  until  he  bade  good-bye  to  his 
readers,  Oct.  7,  1825. 

The  American  was  then  consoHdated  with  the  Gazette  and  pubHshed 
by  Cariile  &  Brown  (Francis  Y.  Carlile  and  H.  H.  Brown.)  The  office 
was  removed,  "together  with  Brown's  job  printing  office,  recently  kept 
at  No.  3  South  Main  street "  to  No.  4  Union  buildings.  About  18  months 
later  the  partnership  was  dissolved,  Brown  taking  the  job  printing 
materials  and  Carlile  the  newspaper.  B.  F.  Hallett,  who  had  been 
editor  of  the  Journal  up  to  the  day  before,  become  editor  of  the  American 
and  Gazette  April  3,  1827,  and  on  Aug.  31,  The  Microcosm,  which  had 
been  pubHshed  by  W.  R.  Danforth  as  a  weekly  since  June  10,  1825,  was 
purchased.  It  was  to  continue  as  a  weekly,  made  up  with  the  principal 
articles  published  in  the  American  and  Gazette.  F.  H.  Manson  bought 
an  interest  and  became  superintendent  of  the  mechanical  department. 

The  circulation  of  the  American  and  Gazette  was  said  to  be  1200, 
but  the  editor  was  candid  enough  to  say,  in  reply  to  an  article  in  the 
Journal,  that  "it  is  idle  to  boast  about  advertising  patronage,  where 
none  of  us  but  barely  get  a  living  with  all  our  patronage." 

The  Literary  Cadet  and  Saturday  Evening  BuHetin  was  issued  as  a 
weekly  on  April  22, 1826,  by  Smith  &  Parmenter  (S.  J.  Smith  and  John 


28  PRINTERS  AND   PRINTING  IN   PROVIDENCE 

C.  Parmenter)  from  9  Market  square  at  $2  per  annum.  One  year  later 
it  was  made  a  semi-weekly,  and  July  21,  1829,  it  was  united  with  the 
American.  Daniel  Mowry,  3d.,  had  become  part  owner  with  F.  Y.  Carlile 
of  the  united  establishments  and  the  name  of  the  paper  was  changed  to 
the  Rhode  Island  American,  Statesman  and  Providence  Gazette.  B.  F. 
Hallett  continued  as  editor,  and  the  printing  was  done  by  F.  Y.  Carlile 
and  J.  C.  Parmenter. 

Walter  R.  Danforth  started  a  weekly  paper.  The  Microcosm,  June 
10,  1825,  and  continued  it  until  Aug.  31,  1827,  when  he  sold  it  to  the 
proprietors  of  the  American  and  Gazette. 

From  this  office  the  first  daily  newspaper  printed  in  this  city,  the 
Providence  Daily  Advertiser,  was  issued  July  20,  1829,  one  day  before 
the  Daily  Journal  appeared.  The  proprietor  of  the  latter  paper  had  not 
intended  to  start  a  daily  at  that  time,  but  was  forced  into  the  enterprise 
by  the  appearance  of  the  Advertiser.  Carhle  ceased  to  have  any  con- 
nection with  the  office  the  following  November.  B.  H.  Wheeler  was 
removed  from  the  office  of  Postmaster  in  July,  1831.  About  that  time 
a  partnership  must  have  existed  between  B.  H.  Wheeler,  Joseph  Knowles 
and  D.  Mowry,  3d,  as  the  following  notice,  signed  by  the  three,  was 
printed  May  9,  1832: 

"  The  connection  between  B.  H.  Wheeler  and  Joseph  Knowles,  in  the  printing  business 
and  publication  of  the  Daily  Advertiser,  and  Chronicle  and  American,  is  dissolved  and  the 
establishments  revert  back  and  will  be  continued  by  Daniel  Mowry,  3d,  the  said  Wheeler 
having  withdrawn  under  an  arrangement  with  said  Mowry  and  Knowles,  satisfactory  to 
the  parties." 

Plans  for  deliberate  suicide  were  perfected  and  announced  in  the 
following  notice,  Jan.  15,  1833 : 

"  The  patrons  of  the  Daily  Advertiser,  and  American  and  Gazette,  are  hereby  informed 
that  these  papers  will  be  discontinued  on  the  1st  day  of  February,  1833.  The  patrons 
may  enquire  what  are  the  reasons  for  this  sudden  change?  The  answer  is,  I  have  hinted 
that  a  Methodist  clergyman  is  suspected  of  having  committed  an  atrocious  murder  in 
Tiverton,  in  this  State,  and  have  displeased  that  church;  and  these  papers  I  intend  shall 
give  the  whole  history  of  that  most  foul  transaction,  without  fear  or  favor,  and  the 
subscription  list  then,  in  my  opinion,  will  be  of  no  value. 

"The  Microcosm  and  Weekly  American  not  being  concerned  in  the  sin  of  exposing 
this  foul  murder,  will  be  continued  with  unabated  energy,  and  will  be  forwarded  to  all 
subscribers  of  the  Rhode  Island  American  after  the  first  of  February. 

"  Whilst  managing  these  papers,  as  a  printer,  I  have  endeavored  to  go  by  the  rule  I 
followed  whilst  tilling  the  ground — that  is,  to  deal  justly  in  all  business  transactions,  live 
soberly  and  work  early  and  late.  I  have  made  no  new  debts  since  I  have  been  a  printer, 
that  are  unpaid,  to  my  knowledge;  if  there  are  any,  I  am  ready  to  settle  them.  The  labor 
and  paper  I  have  always  paid  for  weekly.  I  have,  therefore,  a  clear  conscience,  a  stout 
heart,  and  some  money  in  my  pocket. 

"DANIEL  MOWRY,  3d." 

The  name  of  the  minister  accused  of  the  murder  referred  to  was 
Avery. 

The  Advertiser  was  discontinued,  and  the  Microcosm,  American  and 
Gazette  were  continued  as  late  as  July  27,  1833,  by  James  S.  Ham  &  Co. 


1_    — 


-   -  S!SK!i*5S!!»^ 


THE  PROVIDENCE  JOURNAL 

A  semi-weekly  paper  was  issued  from  the  printing  office  of  Miller 
&  Hutchens,  in  the  "  Old  Coffee  House,"  on  Jan.  3, 1820.  Its  name  was 
the  Manufacturers  and  Farmers  Journal  and  Providence  and  Pawtucket 
Advertiser.  Miller  had  been  concerned  with  the  publication  of  The 
American  in  the  years  1813-14,  and  had  conducted  a  job  office  in  the 
meantime,  Hutchens  was  a  bookseller.  The  new  paper  was  intended 
to  be  neutral  in  politics,  but  to  strongly  advocate  the  protection  of 
American  industries.  Among  its  backers  were  the  leading  manufac- 
turers of  the  State,  including  Samuel  and  John  Slater,  David  Wilkinson, 
Timothy  Green,  Benjamin  Aborn,  George  Jackson,  Amasa  and  William 
H.  Mason,  James  Burrill,  William  Anthony,  Samuel  Arnold,  William 
Valentine,  Richard  Anthony,  Joseph  Harris,  Richard  Jackson,  Nathan 
W.  Jackson,  WilHam  Sprague  and  his  two  sons,  Amasa  and  Wilham, 
and  James,  Christopher  and  William  Rhodes.  These  names  are  men- 
tioned by  William  E.  Richmond,  the  first  editor  of  the  Journal,  in  a 
letter  written  for  the  50th  anniversary  number  of  that  paper.  Con- 
sidering the  small  sum  of  money  required  to  supply  such  a  plant  as  the 
Journal  then  needed  and  the  deficiency  in  running  expenses  possible, 
when  even  the  editor  was  not  to  receive  a  salary,  it  is  conceivable  that 
the  cash  support  of  these  leading  manufacturers  of  the  State  was  not 
very  extensive.  In  all  the  subsequent  changes  in  ownership  there  is  no 
evidence  that  any  of  them  owned  a  dollar's  worth  of  property  in  the 
enterprise. 

Mr.  Richmond  also  describes  in  his  letter  the  condition  of  the  news- 
paper business  at  that  time.    He  says: 

"There  was  no  systematic  and  well-managed  journalism.  A  printer  and  publisher, 
for  the  purpose  of  extending  his  business,  put  forth  proposals  and  issued  a  subscription 
for  a  new  paper.  If  the  number  of  subscribers  were,  in  his  opinion,  sufficient  to  pay  the 
expense,  he  engaged  a  person  to  edit  and  supervise  the  paper.  At  that  time  literary  labor  of 
this  description  was  so  meanly  compensated,  that  no  lawyer,  physician,  or  schoolmaster 
would  undertake  the  business  for  merely  the  monetary  remuneration.  In  the  case  of  the 
first  editor  of  the  Journal,  there  was  no  demand  or  stipulation  for  pay.  That  person  saw 
the  necesssity  of  a  sacrifice  by  some  one  for  the  advancement  of  great  public  interests, 
and  he  consented  to  a  temporary  supervision  of  the  Journal.*  *  *  It  was  almost  exclusively 
in  the  night  season  that  the  Journal  was  edited,  as  a  relaxation  from  the  daily  labors  of 
another  profession;  and  it  was  understood  from  the  beginning,  that  so  soon  as  the  Journal 
could  be  considered  as  securely  established,  another  editor  should  be  procured.  At  the 
end  of  the  first  year  the  name  of  the  editor  was  omitted  from  the  imprint,  in  consequence 
of  the  increase  of  professional  business,  but  he  continued  for  several  years  thereafter  an 
informal  oversight  of,  and  contribution  to  its  columns,  for  which,  and  for  all  previous 
labors,  he  received  the  sum, of  $500." 


30  PRINTERS  AND  PRINTING  IN  PROVIDENCE 


Deacon  Robert  M.  Pearse  was  apprenticed  to  the  printing  firm  of 
Miller  &  Hutchens  in  1819,  and  set  some  of  the  type  for  the  first  number 
of  the  Journal.  This  is  his  story,  somewhat  abbreviated,  printed  in  the 
Journal  June  24,  1886: 

"The  foreman  of  the  office  was  Samuel  Avery,  a  Boston  printer.  Four  compositors 
were  required  to  set  the  type  for  the  Journal  when  it  was  first  issued.  The  pay  of  a 
journeyman  at  that  time  was  $8  per  week.  The  hours  of  work  were  from  sunrise  to 
sunset,  and  as  early  as  they  could  see  to  pick  up  the  type  in  the  winter,  with  a  brief  lay-off 
for  supper,  and  then  back  to  their  cases  or  their  presses  until  9  o'clock,  when  the  First 
Baptist  bell  would  warn  them  that  the  time  had  come  to  quit. 

"The  press  used  to  print  the  Journal  on  was  of  the  'Ramage'  pattern,  with  a  platen 
of  wood  and  a  bed  of  stone,  which  required  two  pulls  at  the  lever  to  each  full  impression  ; 
or,  rather,  the  form  was  run  half  way  in,  an  impression  pulled,  then  run  clear  in  and  an- 
other impression  pulled,  (very  much  the  same  sort  of  a  press  as  was  used  by  Franklin.) 
The  lever  worked  a  screw,  there  being  no  spring  to  lift  up  the  platen  after  the  impression, 
except  what  was  given  by  some  bookbinders  'scaleboards'  placed  in  the  top  of  the  frame; 
consequently  the  lever  had  to  be  pulled  around  and  then  literally  pushed  back.  The  ink 
was  put  on  by  the  old-fashioned  ink-balls,  and  200  impressions  per  hour  were  considered 
fast  work.  Later  a  second  press  of  the  same  make  but  of  a  larger  size  and  with  an  iron 
bed,  instead  of  one  of  stone,  was  used.  In  1823  the  office  was  moved  into  the  Union 
building,  and  then  an  iron  press  was  procured  of  the  Wells  make  for  printing  the  Journal, 
the  first  iron  press  in  the  city.  About  this  time  the  ink-balls  were  laid  aside  for  a  large 
roller,  made  of  blankets  and  covered  with  buckskin,  which  was  laid  on  two  smaller  wooden 
rollers  or  cylinders,  fixed  in  a  frame  behind  the  press  and  turned  b)'  a  crank.  The 
apprentice  had  the  manipulation  of  the  rollers,  keeping  the  crank  twirling  that  the  ink 
might  be  evenly  distributed,  pushing  the  large  roller  over  the  form  after  each  sheet  was 
printed,  and  putting  on  ink  in  obedience  to  the  orders  of  the  pressman,  who  sang  out 
'right!'  'left!'  or  'centre!'  as  he  wished  more  color  on  either  of  those  places. 

"The  cut  for  the  heading  of  the  Journal,  which  contained,  besides  the  name,  an  eagle 
bearing  in  his  beak  the  legend,  'Encourage  National  Industry,'  and  representations  of 
farming  tools  and  farm  products,  mechanical  implements,  an  anchor,  &c.,  was  made  in 
the  office.  The  plate  was  cast  by  a  workman  named  Mann  [probably  William  M.]  from 
old  type,  in  a  wooden  mould,  then  planed  down  to  the  required  height,  and  then  engraved 
by  an  engraver  named  Horton.  The  paper  went  to  press  Sunday  and  Wednesday  nights 
at  or  about  midnight.     The  first  edition  was  about  250  copies." 

Hutchens  withdrew  from  the  partnership  Aug.  7,  1823,  and  the 
office  was  moved  to  the  Union  building  on  the  west  side  of  the  bridge. 
It  was  again  moved  Nov.  29, 1824,  to  the  Granite  building,  corner  North 
Main  street  and  Market  square.  Sept.  1, 1825,  the  Independent  Inquirer 
was  absorbed,  and  under  the  name  of  the  Rhode  Island  Country  Journal 
and  Independent  Inquirer  was  issued  as  a  weekly  until  Oct.  8,  1897, 
when  it  was  discontinued.  Fire  destroyed  a  large  portion  of  the  plant 
on  March  30,  1827. 

No  important  change  was  made  in  the  typographical  appearance  of 
the  Journal  during  the  first  nine  years  of  its  existence.  There  had  been 
a  number  of  semi-weekly  papers  printed  in  the  town.  Three  of  them 
were  consohdated  and  their  manager  then  felt  strong  enough  to  venture 
a  daily.  The  circumstances  attending  its  publication  and  that  of  the 
starting  of  its  rival,  the  Journal,  are  told  in  an  editorial,  probably  written 
by  Miller,  and  printed  in  the  Journal  at  the  time,  as  follows: 

"More  than  a  year  since  we  contemplated  issuing  a  daily  paper,  but  abandoned  the 
project  from  the  belief  that  it  would  much  injure  the  semi-weekly  papers  as  to  compel 
them  also  to  come  out  daily. 


THE  PROVIDENCE  JOURNAL  31 


"At  this  time  we  have  been  compelled  in  our  own  defence  to  publish  a  daily  Journal. 
Had  not  the  union  of  the  American  and  Statesman  produced  a  daily  paper,  we  should  have 
willingly  remained  as  we  were. 

"On  Friday  last  [July  17,  1829,]  we  called  on  the  proprietors,  publishers  and  editor 
of  the  American  and  Statesman  with  a  view  of  ascertaining  if  it  was  their  determination 
to  issue  a  daily  paper,  and  informed  them  if  they  did,  we  should  be  compelled  to.  From 
what  the  editor  said,  we  concluded  to  issue  a  daily  the  next  morning;  but  being  informed 
subsequently  by  one  of  the  publishers  that  they  had  not  agreed  to  publish  a  daily  paper, 
and  that  we  should  have  seasonable  notice  if  they  did  so  agree,  we  changed  our  determi- 
nation, under  the  hope  that  we  might  not  be  driven  to  the  measure. 

"On  Monday  morning  [July  20,  1829,]  after  the  Journal  was  out,  we  were  informed 
that  the  American  and  Statesman  was  to  come  out  a  daily  the  next  morning,  and  that  the 
proprietors  were  then  by  themselves  and  their  agents  engaged  procuring  subscribers. 
We  immediately  determined,  in  self-defence,  to  publish  the  Journal  daily,  and  gave  notice 
accordingly  to  our  friends  and  the  public.  Upon  the  receipt  of  our  notice,  which  was 
long  before  the  Daily  Advertiser  was  put  to  press,  it  was  determined  to  issue  that  paper 
on  Monday  [July  20]  as  in  anticipation  of  Tuesday.  This  was,  as  we  believe,  in  conse- 
quence of  our  notice  and  against  their  previous  determination. 

"  We  find  no  fault  with  the  publishers  or  editor  of  the  Daily  Advertiser,  and  publish 
this  statement  only  to  counteract  the  insinuation  that  the  Daily  Journal  was  got  up  to 
injure  another  establishment." 

Evidently  Miller  did  not  consider  a  daily  newspaper  necessary  at 
that  time,  but  the  birth  of  the  Daily  Advertiser  forced  him  to  follow  it 
one  day  later  with  the  Daily  Journal,  and  the  increased  expense  prob- 
ably led  to  his  forced  withdrawal  from  the  concern  seven  years  later, 
and  the  loss  of  his  entire  interest  in  the  newspapers  and  book  and  job 
business. 

On  the  first  of  May,  1833,  the  office  was  moved  to  College  street 
and  George  Paine  became  a  partner.  Fourteen  months  later  Knowles 
&  Burroughs  did  the  printing  at  their  office,  showing  the  loss  of  the 
plant  from  which  the  papers  had  been  issued  and  the  increasing  financial 
difficulties  of  Miller ;  and  on  Feb.  23,  1836,  George  W.  Jackson  became 
pubhsher.  Dec.  18,  1837,  Miller  pubHshed  a  warning  to  the  pubHc  not 
to  purchase  the  property  of  the  Journal,  then  in  the  possession  of  George 
W.  Jackson,  without  the  consent  of  John  Miller,  but  one  year  later 
Jackson  disposed  of  the  entire  plant  to  Knowles  &  Burroughs  for  $2500. 
An  Adams  press  had  been  used  to  print  the  papers  since  1836.  Miller 
left  the  city  not  to  return  until  his  death  in  1848. 

Both  of  the  new  owners  were  practical  printers  and  of  extensive 
experience.  Up  to  that  time  the  news  from  the  South  and  West  had 
been  cHpped  from  the  New  York  papers  and  printed  in  the  Journal  24 
hours  after  their  arrival  in  Providence.  W.  H.  Burroughs,  son  of 
WilHam  L.  Burroughs,  in  a  letter  dated  June  15,  1904,  tells  of  an  im- 
provement in  news  service  that  his  father  accomplished  while  connected 
with  the  Journal,  as  follows: 

"When  interested  as  part  owner  in  Journal,  he  had  also  a  printing  office  at  113  Fulton 
street.  New  York,  afterwards  sold  to  Wynkoop,  Hallenback  &  Thomas.  I  am  informed 
that  in  the  days  before  telegraphs,  he  set  up  one  side  of  the  Journal  in  New  York  and  sent 
forms  to  Providence  by  Stonington  boat.  New  York  being  a  news  centre,  that  side  of  the 
paper  could  be  filled  with  news  during  the  day  and  reach  Providence  in  type  as  soon  as 
the  news  itself  could  be  received." 


32  PRINTERS  AND  PRINTING  IN  PROVIDENCE 


What  was  really  done  is  slightly  different.  The  type  was  set  in 
New  York  city  and  put  into  the  forms  here,  after  its  journey  by  boat 
and  railroad.  Burroughs  continued  with  the  paper  seven  months  and 
then  John  W.  Vose  purchased  his  interest.  Seventeen  months  later 
Henry  B.  Anthony  bought  a  third  interest,  and  the  Journal  secured  a 
writer  who  was  destined  to  guide  it  to  popularity  and  financial  success. 
It  was  further  benefited  by  having  a  practical  and  economical  printer 
Hke  Knowles  in  control  of  the  mechanical  departments.  This  combi- 
nation of  writer  and  mechanic  gave  the  Journal  an  advantage  that  no 
other  paper  in  Providence  possessed,  and  possibly  explains  its  success 
where  so  many  other  newspapers  failed. 

The  plan  of  bringing  matter  for  the  Journal  from  New  York  prob- 
ably ceased  with  the  retirement  of  Burroughs,  This  paragraph,  printed 
in  the  250th  anniversary  number  [June  24,  1886,]  would  indicate  a 
different  condition  in  the  composing  room  after  Senator  Anthony  became 
the  head  of  the  concern : 

"For  many  years  the  Journal  went  to  press  at  about  the  hour  when  the  work  on  a 
morning  paper  now  begins;  and  there  is  a  tradition  that  an  old  foreman  [Joseph  L. 
Burroughs]  once  complained  to  Gov.  Anthony  that  the  news  was  coming  in  so  late  that 
two  or  three  men  were  obliged  to  work  after  supper." 

The  telegraph  service  was  utiHzed  in  1848,  just  before  the  pres- 
idential election.  Little  attention  was  paid  to  local  happenings,  except 
matters  that  related  to  the  government  of  the  State  and  city  until  1860. 
The  policy  of  the  paper  in  that  respect  is  stated  in  the  imprint,  as  follows : 

"No  report,  resolutions  or  proceedings  of  any  corporation,  society,  association  or 
public  meeting,  and  no  communication  designed  to  call  attention  to  any  matter  of  limited 
or  individual  interest  can  be  inserted,  unless  paid  for  as  an  advertisement." 

Reporters  were  not  employed,  except  that  the  compositor  who  set 
the  ship  news  also  went  along  the  river  front  and  collected  the  local 
events  of  interest  in  that  line  of  business,  and  scanned  the  exchanges 
for  news  of  Providence  vessels  away  from  home. 

William  Jones  Miller  was  foreman  of  the  composing  room  of  the 
Journal  for  sometime  previous  to  March,  1842,  when  he  was  succeeded 
by  Joseph  L.  Burroughs.  The  other  employes  of  the  room  in  July, 
1845,  were :  D.  B.  Taylor,  Marcus  B.  Young,  Seth  Simmons,  Thomas  M. 
Rounds,  Samuel  S.  Wilson,  WilHam  B.  Maxfield,  Jethro  T.  Briggs, 
apprentice.  In  the  same  year,  the  names  of  Jonathan  P.  Helme,  W. 
Martin  and  John  T.  TiUinghast  appear.  Other  journeymen  who  worked 
there  were:  George  T.  Arnold  and  Nathan  M.  Ormsbee  (1846),  J.  W. 
Cory  (1847),  Alvin  S.  Arnold  (1848),  Albert  N.  Angell,  Henry  Phare 
and  Stephen  G.  Holroyd  (1849),  E.  Cheever,  George  Lafaye  and  Cyrille 
A.  Carpenter  (1850),  T.  Peterson,  D.  Doland  and  John  Simmons  (1851), 
G.  W.  Johnson  (1852),  J.  F.  Collins,   R.  Hughes  and  Orrin  Scott  Pond 


THE  PROVIDENCE  JOURNAL  33 

(1853),  Edward  B.  Hall  (1855),  E.  W.  Guilford,  B.  A.  Sweet,  F.  E.  Kelly, 
D.  S.  Pearce,  E.  Sullivan,  C.  N.  Caswell,  George  Whelden,  Edward  T. 
AngellandE.  P.  Hicks  (1856),  H.  Leis,  F.  J.  Connor,  John  P.  Davis  and 
James  H.  Elsbree  (1857),  Volney  Austin,  Jeremiah  N.  Thomas  and  Peter 
H.  Massie  (1858). 

For  16  years  after  the  death  of  John  W.  Vose,  which  occurred  Nov. 
12,  1847,  the  business  was  conducted  by  Knowles  &  Anthony.  When 
the  transfer  was  made  to  that  firm,  the  plant  was  valued  at  $16,000. 
The  most  important  change  during  that  time  was  made  in  the  press  room, 
where  a  Hoe  single  cylinder  press,  propelled  by  steam,  was  introduced 
in  1856.  Gradually  the  greater  portion  of  the  work  in  the  composing 
room  had  shifted  from  day  to  night,  as  the  character  of  the  news  changed 
from  newspaper  cHppings  to  dispatches  and  local  reports.  The  junior 
partner  was  elected  Governor  of  the  State  in  1849  and  again  in  1850. 
In  May,  1858,  he  was  elected  to  the  United  States  Senate,  where  he 
served  until  his  death,  Sept.  2,  1884. 

Senator  Anthony's  duties  in  Washington  precluded  his  giving  the 
attention  to  the  Journal  that  it  now  required.  Newspapers  everywhere 
were  beginning  careers  made  possible  by  the  introduction  of  improve- 
ments in  printing  presses.  Wider  fields  and  more  systematic  manage- 
ment were  necessities.  James  S.  Ham  filled  Senator  Anthony's  place 
temporarily,  but  Prof.  James  B.  Angell  became  the  editor  in  1860  and 
continued  in  that  position  until  1866.  On  his  retirement,  George  W. 
Danielson,  who  had  been  admitted  a  partner  Jan.  1, 1863,  conducted  the 
editorial  department  as  well  as  the  entire  management  of  the  paper 
until  his  death. 

In  the  same  month  that  he  entered  the  partnership,  Danielson 
started  the  Evening  Bulletin.  His  selection  for  membership  in  the  firm 
was  due  to  his  practical  experience,  gained  in  the  composing  rooms  of 
several  newspapers  and  as  partner  in  the  publication  of  the  Evening 
Press.  His  management  of  the  Journal  covered  the  period  of  develop- 
ment from  a  double  cylinder  press  to  the  web  perfecting  press,  with 
stereotyping  machinery,  and  from  the  four-page  to  the  eight-page  size. 
The  day  that  it  was  decided  to  increase  the  size  of  the  Journal  to  eight 
pages,  Mr.  Danielson  informed  Foreman  Rose  that  that  would  be  the 
limit  in  their  time,  yet  "Doc"  has  seen  a  forty-eight-page  Sunday 
Journal. 

From  the  birth  of  the  Journal  in  1820  until  Danielson's  death  in 
1884,  except  the  two  years  when  George  W.  Jackson  owned  the  paper, 
there  had  always  been  a  practical  printer  in  the  firm  of  publishers. 
Danielson  was  the  last  of  these  journeymen  owners. 


34  PRINTERS  AND  PRINTING  IN  PROVIDENCE 

What  wages  the  journeymen  printers  received  for  their  labor  before 
1820  is  not  now  known.  Deacon  Pearse,  in  his  reminiscences,  says  that 
$8  per  week  was  paid  at  that  time.  The  hours  of  labor  were  from 
sunrise  to  sunset  in  summer,  and  from  daylight  until  9  p.  m.  in  winter. 
Albert  N.  Angell  says  that  20  cents  per  1000  ems  was  paid  in  1839,  when 
he  started  to  serve  his  apprenticeship.  The  pay  roll  in  the  composing 
room  of  the  Journal  for  one  week  in  July,  1845,  totalled  $43.57.  This 
sum  was  paid  to  a  foreman,  who  received  $10,  five  compositors  and  an 
apprentice.  The  largest  sum  paid  to  a  compositor  was  $9.48.  The 
apprentice  received  $2.25.  Four  years  later  the  Journal  pay  roll  had 
nearly  doubled,  amounting  to  $81.30.  The  largest  "bill"  that  week  was 
$13.76.  Evidently  there  was  no  apprentice  at  work  there  then  nor  for 
many  years  after,  as  the  smallest  sum  paid  was  $8.82.  In  1851  the  cost 
of  the  room  for  one  week  had  risen  to  $103.86,  the  extremes  paid  to  the 
compositors  being  $15.15  and  $8.99.  The  journeyman  receiving  the 
larger  sum  had  to  average  12,625  ems  per  day  for  the  six  days,  pretty 
fast  work.  A  week  in  June,  1856,  showed  a  still  larger  payroll  ($110.55) 
and  a  larger  sum  for  the  fastest  compositor — $16.17;  but  the  price  per 
1000  ems  had  risen  to  28  cents  for  night  work. 

After  the  organization  of  Providence  Typographical  Union  in  1857, 
an  unsuccessful  attempt  was  made  to  advance  the  scale  to  30  cents  for 
night  work  and  28  cents  for  day  work.  The  pa3Toll  in  the  Journal 
composing  room  continued  to  increase,  reaching  $131.02  for  a  week  in 
June,  1858,  the  largest  "bill"  amounting  to  $18.94  and  the  smallest 
to  $9.37. 

The  issuing  of  morning  and  evening  editions  from  one  plant  caused 
important  changes  in  the  Journal  composing  room.  Before  the  Bulletin 
was  started  the  compositors  distributed  their  cases  in  the  afternoon, 
consuming  about  two  hours  in  that  work,  and  set  type  for  two  hours, 
when  there  was  copy.  The  principal  part  of  the  composition  was  done 
between  7  P.  M.  and  4  A.  M.  At  first  the  evening  edition  required  but 
a  small  amount  of  new  matter ;  but  later,  when  the  paper  became  more 
important,  it  required  the  best  efforts  of  every  workman  in  the  room  to 
prepare  its  three  daily  editions.  There  was  small  limit  then  to  the  hours 
that  a  compositor  might  work.  He  could  begin  as  early  as  10  A.  M.  and 
keep  busy  until  4  o'clock  the  next  morning.  A  small  day  force  was 
maintained,  but  the  great  bulk  of  the  work  was  done  by  the  regular 
night  force,  who  were  supposed  to  be  ready  to  "  lift "  copy  not  later 
than  1  P.  M.  and  continue  composition  until  4  P.  M.,  when  the  Bulletin 
went  to  press.  Distribution  then  went  on  until  6  o'clock,  when  an  hour 
was  taken  for  dinner,  after  which,  at  7  P.  M.,  composition  was  begun 
again  and  continued  until  about  4  A.  M.,  with  an  half  hour  out  about 


'  THE  PROVIDENCE  JOURNAL  35 

11  P.  M.  for  lunch.  The  average  pay  for  this  long  day  was  about  $4.50, 
but  double  that  amount  was  often  earned  when  a  lucky  compositor  got 
a  "  jumbo,"  the  name  for  a  large  advertisement.  All  the  composition 
was  paid  for  by  the  piece,  and  the  "  fat "  went  to  each  journeyman  in 
rotation. 

Edgar  Yates,  a  proofreader  on  the  Boston  Post,  describes  his  entry 
into  Providence  and  the  Journal  composing  room  in  a  letter  to  the 
Souvenir  Committee,  dated  May  10,  1904.  His  experience  was  dupli- 
cated by  many  others  who  stopped  in  this  town  for  a  few  days  or  a  few 
years  in  the  "hand-set "  days.    The  letter  follows : 

"I  appeared  in  Providence  in  the  latter  part  of  the  winter  of  1881-2.  I  got  in  a  couple 
of  weeks  in  the  Rhode  Island  Printing  Company's  office  on  Weybosset  street,  and  then 
went  across  the  street  to  E.  A.  Johnson's,  where  I  stayed  until  Memorial  Day  of  that  year. 
Newspaper  subs  were  scarce  and  I  was  asked  to  work  one  night  on  the  Journal.  I  lived 
through  it,  and  Ira  Tew  asked  me  why  I  didn't  leave  Johnson's  and  stick  to  the  Journal. 
So,  seeing  that  Doc  Rose  had  written  my  name  on  the  sub  list,  I  concluded  to  stay,  and 
with  a  slight  intermission,  when  I  went  down  East  to  teach  school,  I  worked  on  the  Journal 
until  the  spring  of  1884.  Of  course,  I  got  cases  after  a  while,  and  was  slug  9,  in  the 
centre  alley  to  the  left  of  the  head  of  the  old  stairway.  On  my  right  was  Leavitt,  now  of 
Washington,  and  on  my  left  was  Jim  Williams,  who  I  understand  has  since  died.  Other 
celebrated  printers  in  the  same  alley  were  Ira  Tew,  John  Dolan  (now  of  the  Boston 
American),  Withee  (slightly  lame  in  one  foot), 'Am'  (whose  name  was  Amsden )  and 
Press  Willard,  who  both  chewed  tobacco,  set  type  and  swore  with  remarkable  ease,  skill 
and  fluency.  I  won't  try  to  give  you  a  roster  of  the  office,  but  it  was  certainly  made  up 
of  the  greatest  gang  of  'characters'  that  ever  gathered  under  one  low  and  stifling  roof, 
from  Bobby  Brannan  to  Frank  Eddy  and  Jim  Muspratt.  One  of  the  Journal  old-timers. 
Jack  Rodgers,  has  been  here  with  me  on  the  Post  until  two  or  three  weeks  ago,  when  he 
left  to  go  on  the  Globe,  and  he  and  I  frequently  used  to  swap  reminiscencesof  the  dayson 
the  'D.  0.  J.'  and  wish  that  we  could  put  in  a  few  nights  there  again  on  solid  agate 
just  for  fun." 

The  introduction  of  linotype  machines  in  1889  revolutionized  con- 
idtions  in  the  composing  room.  Regular  employes  were  encouraged  to 
learn  to  operate  them  and  the  day  scale  was  paid  until  the  men  became 
proficient.  Twenty  cents  per  1000  ems  was  then  paid.  There  was 
much  difficulty  in  keeping  the  machines  going,  owing  to  the  unfamil- 
iarity  of  the  operators  with  the  care  of  machinery.  In  most  cases  it 
was  the  journeyman's  first  acquaintance  with  machines  of  any  kind. 
The  average  product  of  the  machines  was  not  more  than  3500  per  hour. 
It  was  believed  by  many  that  if  the  Hnotype  could  not  do  better  work 
and  more  of  it  than  those  in  the  Journal  composing  room  were  turning 
out,  nothing  was  to  be  feared  from  them.  And  as  there  was  plenty  of 
work  in  Boston,  New  York  and  other  cities,  many  of  the  compositors 
left  the  city  in  preference  to  learning  the  hnotype.  While  their  judg- 
ment was  correct  and  agreed  with  that  of  Mr.  Mergenthaler,  he  had 
already  almost  completed  another  Hnotype  which  has  finally  overcome 
all  criticism. 

The  possibiHty  to  err  in  correcting  was  enormously  increased  by  the 
introduction  of  the  Hnotype.    Not  only  could  other  and  worse  errors 


36  PRINTERS  AND  PRINTING  IN   PROVIDENCE 


creep  into  the  line  that  had  to  be  reset  for  an  error  in  the  original  one, 
but  the  new  Hne  could  be  misplaced  in  many  exasperating  ways.  Old 
customs  had  to  be  forgotten  in  correcting  and  revising  proofs.  Italics 
and  small  caps  went  out  of  use  until  the  double  matrix  was  introduced. 

Soon  after  the  introduction  of  the  machines,  it  became  apparent 
that  a  shorter  work  day  was  necessary  for  the  operators.  The  force 
was  arranged  in  two  divisions,  the  day  squad  to  begin  at  9  A.  M.  and 
continue  to  4  P.  M.,  with  half  an  hour  intermission  at  11.30  A.  M.  for 
lunch ;  the  night  squad  to  begin  at  7  P.  M.  and  continue  to  "good  night," 
with  half  an  hour  at  11  P.  M.  for  lunch.  This  day  has  been  still  further 
shortened  by  taking  one-half  hour  off  the  day  side  and  one  hour  off  the 
night  side.  A  sHght  change  has  been  made  iu  the  length  of  the  day 
for  the  proofreaders,  to  bring  their  total  time  within  48  hours  per  week. 
The  ad  men  are  required  to  work  eight  hours  per  day  or  night. 

When  the  latest  type  of  machine  was  introduced,  the  price  of  com- 
position was  reduced  to  13  cents  per  1000  ems  for  night  operators  and 
11  cents  for  day  operators.  The  increased  speed  of  the  new  linotypes 
and  their  greater  perfection  made  these  prices  more  generous  than  20 
cents  had  been  on  the  old  machines. 

To  show  the  effect  in  the  composing  room  caused  by  the  machines, 
two  weeks  are  selected,  one  in  1887,  about  18  months  before,  and  one 
in  1892,  about  30  months  after  their  introduction.  At  the  latter  date 
all  work  except  displayed  advertisements  was  done  on  the  linotype. 

Week  of  Dec.  24,  1887. 

1— James  Muspratt  8— W.  M.  Leavitt  16— J.  P.  Farwell 

2— J.  P.  Bowes  9— A.  L.  Randall  17— E.  S.  Flanagin 

3— Alvah  Withee  10— Ira  N.  Tew  18— A.  E.  Morrill 

4— C.  P.  Willard  11— M.  S.  Bouret  19— James  E.  McClintock 

5— A.  P.  Brown  12— F.  W.  Haven  20— J.  C.  Hurll 

6— Joseph  Newton  13— John  A.  Kopp  21— E.  T.  Spencer 

7— J.  P.  Dolan  14— George  H.  Huston  22.— F.  F.  Sorbie 

15 — Charles  E.  Andrews 

The  above  were  night  regulars.  The  figures  give  the  slug  numbers. 
The  average  earnings  of  each  journeyman  was  $21.93.  Morning  news- 
paper compositors  rarely  worked  more  than  five  days  per  week  at  that 
time,  and,  therefore,  five  is  a  better  divisor  than  seven  to  get  the 
average  per  day. 

27— J.  J.  Locklin  33— F.  B.  Amsden  42— M.  E.  Hughes 

28— A.  M.  Robertson  34— Gordon  E.  Shepard  43— W.  Lewis 

29— James  Williams  35— W.  A.  Newell  45-  H.  McCutchen 

31—1.  C.  Hargraves  36— E.  T.  Angell  46— H.  W.  Burns 

32— H.  C.  Barnes  40— Roscoe  N.  Lawton  48— R.  E.  Newton 

41— J.  L.  Bicknell 

The  above  constituted  the  day  force.  Their  average  earnings 
were  $16.76. 


Homes  of  the  Providence  Journal 


"WHIPPLE   BUILDING' 

College  Street 

Journal,  1833-1844 


"WASHINGTON    BUILDING  " 

Journal,  1844-1871 
And  Numerous  Other  Printing  Firms 


m^^Q 

n 

[ 

■-«>.;^^:sr—  -        ^ 

"BARTON    BLOCK" 

Journal  and  Bulletin,  1871-1889 

Evening  Telegram,  1892-1899 


FLETCHER   BUILDING' 

Journal  and  Bulletin 
1889-1905 


THE  PROVIDENCE  JOURNAL  37 


H.  H.  Boardman  J.  F.  Courtney  John  E.  O'Connor 

C.  E.  Burtwell  John  E.  Hurley  C.  H.  Partridge 

L.  W.  Brow  James  J.  Hay  William  Palmer 

William  Carroll  W.  J.  Jolley  Edwin  W.  Smith 

P.  J.  Coogan  J.  H.  McCann  Robert  Grieve 

John  O'Meara 

The  above  were  the  substitutes.  Their  average  earnings  were 
$14.30.  A  rotary  sub  hst  was  in  operation,  causing  a  fairly  equitable 
division  of  the  subbing. 

Make-up  and  Bank  Force — E.  B.  Rose,  night  foreman ;  John  Robinson,  Jr.,  Robert 
Quinn.     John  Milne,  day  foreman;   Charles  W.  Oberton,  Charles  H.  Murray. 

Proofreaders  and  Copyholders — A.  J.  Keach,  Rudolph  DeLeeuw,  W.  A.  Potter,  F.  E. 
Jones,  T.  F.  O'Rourke,  William  A.  Pratt. 

Week  of  Dec.  24,  1892. 

Ad  Men— W.  A.  Newell,    William   J.  Meegan,    Gordon  E.  Shepard,    John  J.  Locklin. 

Machine  Operators — Thomas  W.  Dalling,  M.  S.  Bouret,  William  Warner,  George  H. 
Huston,  John  H.  Sullivan,  John  J.  Murphy,  James  Rafferty,  H.  F.  Davis,  I.  C.  Hargraves, 
L.  W.  Brow,  A.  P.  Brown,  J.  P.  Choquet,  William  Lewis,  William  Palmer,  F.  B.  Amsden, 
J.  H.  Dwyer,  Charles  H.  Hopkins,  A.  H.  Choquet,  F.  J.  Capron,  S.  J.  Riley,  M.  J.  McHugh, 
Joseph  Dove,  E.  P.  Walters,  J.  H.  McCarthy,  Joseph  A.  O'Brien,  H.  N.  Burrett. 

Copy  Cutters,  Bank  Men,  etc. — R.  E.  Newton,  Roscoe  N.  Lawton,  E.  W.  Smith, 
Clarence  E.  Burtwell,  E.  T.  Angell. 

Thirty-four  journeymen — average  earnings  $23.43.  The  average 
for  all  the  journeymen  in  1889  was  $17.66. 

Apprentices — William  Curran,  John  O'Hara,  William  McManus,  James  Scanlon, 
P.  E.  McElroy,  W.  J.  Lanigan,  James  A.  Fitzgerald. 

The  foreman  was  WilHam  Carroll,  with  John  H.  Milne,  E.  B.  Rose 
and  Charles  H.  Murray  as  day  assistants,  and  Frank  Havens  and  A.  E. 
Morrill,  night  assistants. 

A  week  just  before  Christmas,  twelve  years  later,  shows  an  increased 
number  of  journeymen  employed  and  better  wages  earned,  although 
the  latter  is  accounted  for  to  some  extent  by  overtime  that  was  neces- 
sary because  of  the  limited  space  in  the  composing  room,  which  prevented 
the  employment  of  a  greater  number  of  journeymen. 

Week  of  Dec.  24,  1904. 

Ad  Men — John  P.  Keenan,  Francis  L.  Reeney,  Carl  C.  Robb,  Daniel  E.  Mooney, 
Daniel  O'Connor,  William  Donovan,  William  D.  McKenzie,  Eli  Alford,  Frank  C.  Howard, 
John  J.  Horton,  William  H.  Doran,  James  P.  Bowditch,  John  W.  Mahoney,  Thomas  F. 
Bowen,  L  A.  Beals,  H.  C.  Barnes,  Edward  A.  Emery,  D.  Otis  Evans,  William  J.  Meegan, 
John  J.  Locklin,  Charles  E.  McAndrews. 

Earnings  for  eight  hours  $21  for  day  and  $24  for  night.  Overtime 
brought  the  average  for  each  man  to  $30.54  for  day  and  $28.05  for  night. 

Machine  Operators.  Day — Harry  F.  Davis,  Alfred  J.  Rose,  Joseph  A.  O'Brien, 
William  Lewis,   John  H.  Dwyer,  Harry  G.  Glasby,  Martin  J.  Crofwell,  George  H.  Huston. 

Night — Michael  J.  McHugh,  John  J.  Dwyer,  John  H.  Sullivan,  Frederick  J.  TuUy, 
John  F.  O'Hara,  Joseph  Crowley,  E.  A.  Murphy,  S.J.Riley,  Charles  Carroll,  Hugh  F.Dolan, 
Edward  G.  Warner. 

Composition  on  machines  11  cents  for  day,  and  13  cents  for  night. 
Day  operators  averaged  $29.63  ;  night  operators  (including  Warner  and 
Dolan,  substitutes,)  $27.93. 


38  PRINTERS  AND   PRINTING  IN  PROVIDENCE 

Proofreaders  and  Copyholders — Ira  Tew,  Rudolph  De  Leeuw,  Thomas  F.  O'Rourke, 
Gordon  E.  Shepard,  Edward  C.  Hoopes,  I.  C.  Hargraves,  William  Scott,  George  Burroughs, 
John  J.  Murphy,  John  P.  Lenahan. 

Wages  for  proofreaders,  $21  for  day,  $24  for  night ;  copyholders 
$15  day  or  night.    Their  overtime  was  insignificant. 

William  Carroll,  foreman,  with  Robert  E.  Newton,  A.  E.  Morrill  and  John  P.  Carroll, 
day  assistants;  Willis  Tobie,  copy  cutter;  Andrew  F.  Moran,  night  foreman,  with  Fred 
C.  Hall,  assistant;  Clarence  E.  Burtwell,  copy  cutter,  and  E.  W.  Smith,  bank  man. 

The  machinists  were  John  Burger,  day,  and  Ernest  Klausch,  night. 

Apprentices — F.  G.  Sullivan,  John  A.  Powers,  John  J.  Laffy,  John  F.  Russell,  Walter 
B.  Davis,  Cornelius  C.  Cusick,  Joseph  Harvey,  Joseph  Gerhard. 

Less  than  one  year  after  the  death  of  Senator  Anthony,  the  Provi- 
dence Journal  Company  was  incorporated.  Richard  S.  Rowland  was 
elected  Manager  and  Treasurer  and  A.  L.  WilHams,  Editor.  Under  Mr. 
Rowland's  direction  the  business  acquired  great  development.  The 
Journal  expanded  from  eight  pages  to  sixteen  pages ;  the  Bulletin,  from 
six  pages  to  as  high  as  thirty-six.  The  Sunday  Journal  was  started  in 
July,  1885,  with  the  opposition  of  many  of  the  regular  readers  of  the 
Daily  Journal  on  reHgious  grounds.  Its  first  size  was  ten  pages.  It  has 
reached  forty-eight  pages.  The  Providence  Journal  Almanac  has  been 
issued  annually  since  1887.  In  the  summer  of  1903  the  Block  Island 
Wireless  was  issued  daily  on  Block  Island.  Since  1902  the  employes 
have  enjoyed  an  outing  annually  on  some  summer  day  at  the  Warwick 
Club  Grounds,  and  on  that  occasion  in  1905, 1906  and  1907  the  Providence 
Journal,  Jr.,  has  been  issued. 

In  June,  1905,  a  portion  of  the  new  building,  corner  Eddy  and 
Westminster  streets  was  occupied.  Two  new  sextuple  Roe  presses  dis- 
placed the  old  ones.  The  pages  of  the  newspapers  were  shortened 
and  narrowed  by  taking  off  one  column,  and  since  Nov.  1,  1905,  adver- 
tisements have  been  excluded  from  the  first  pages  of  all  the  papers 
issued  by  the  Journal  Company.  In  June,  1906,  the  entire  new  building 
was  occupied.    The  composing  room  is  one  of  the  finest  in  the  country. 

Mr.  Rowland  succeeded  Mr.  Williams  as  Editor  in  1891.  Since  that 
date  the  following  changes  have  occured  in  that  position :  October  1898, 
Frederick  Roy  Martin,  Associate  Editor ;  July,  1904,  David  S.  Barry, 
Editor-in-Chief ;  February,  1905,  Frederick  R.  Rowland,  Manager ;  Feb- 
ruary, 1906,  Frederick  Roy  Martin,  Editor  and  Treasurer. 


DORRITE  -  KNO  WNOTHING 

The  Dorrite  movement  was  deficient  in  newspaper  representation 
until  the  Rhode  Island  Suffrage  Association  started  the  New  Age  and 
Constitutional  Advocate,  a  weekly  paper.  J.  A.  Brown  managed  it  from 
the  first  issue  [Nov.  20,  1840,]  until  the  Providence  Daily  Express  was 
added,  just  before  the  State  election  in  the  spring  of  1842.  Millard, 
Low  &  Miller  then  became  the  publishers  of  both  papers.  Owing  to  a 
"  boycott "  by  the  merchants,  it  was  said,  the  Express  suspended  pub- 
hcation  during  the  summer.  It  had  been  issued  as  a  morning  paper, 
but  when  it  was  revived  [Sept.  13,  1842,]  it  was  as  an  evening  paper. 
After  the  State  election  of  1843  both  papers  were  stopped.  The  owners 
did  not  possess  a  printing  plant,  but  hired  the  typesetting  and  press 
work,  four  printing  offices  at  different  times  being  concerned  in  the  work. 

The  Daily  Evening  Chronicle,  began  March  30,  1842,  by  J.  M. 
Church,  without  any  particular  hobby,  Hved  until  Sept.  29, 1843.  Israel 
Amsbury  was  a  partner  with  Church  for  about  nine  months  of  the 
paper's  existence.    The  Narragansett  Chief  was  issued  as  a  weekly. 

In  January,  1844,  Amsbury  published  the  Daily  Transcript  and 
Chronicle  and  also  the  Weekly  Transcript.  Evidently  he  thought  Church 
had  made  a  mistake  in  the  width  of  the  columns,  for  he  crowded  six 
columns  in  the  same  sized  page  in  which  Church  had  found  room  for 
only  four.  The  following  October,  Joseph  S.  Pitman  became  editor  and 
partner,  and  eight  months  later  proprietor.  Green  &  Shaw  acquired  the 
papers  in  July,  1847,  and  changed  the  name  to  The  Daily  Evening 
Transcript.  The  next  July  A.  Crawford  Greene  became  sole  proprietor, 
and  in  September,  at  the  opening  of  the  presidential  campaign,  the 
words  "and  Free  Soil  Advocate"  were  added  to  the  name,  and  carried 
until  May,  1849,  when  they  were  dropped.  For  the  year  1857,  John  F. 
Greene  was  a  partner  with  A.  C.  Greene,  his  brother.  March  8,  1858, 
the  Transcript  was  absorbed  by  the  Tribune. 

The  Providence  Daily  Tribune  was  started  June  13, 1853,  by  Greene, 
Amsbury  &  Co.,  with  Clement  Webster  and  Benj.  Colby  as  editors.  The 
following  editorial  announcement,  printed  Jan.  1,  1856,  indicates  that  it 
was  the  organ  of  the  Know  Knothing  party : 

"Still  do  we  believe  intemperance  a  great  social  and  moral  evil,  to  be  uprooted  by  the 
combined  power  of  moral  suasion  and  legal  prohibition.  And  still  can  we  see  no  reason 
why  we  should  lay  aside  our  armor  and  remit  our  opposition  to  popery,  that  other  curse, 
though  assuming  the  hallowed  name  of  religion ;  and  against  it,  therefore,  shall  we  war 
with  all  the  weapons  committed  to  us,  to  battle  its  errors  and  resist  its  encroachments." 

Benj.  Colby  &  Co.  were  its  pubhshers  at  this  time.  Oct.  10,  1857, 
J.  Flagg  Carr  &  Co.  acquired  control  of  the  paper  and  when  the  Tran- 
script was  absorbed  the  name  was  changed  to  the  Providence  Daily 
Tribune  and  Transcript.    It  probably  suspended  in  December,  1858. 


THE   MORNING    MIRROR 

In  the  spring  of  1849  Messrs.  Rowe  &  Co.  wh6  kept  the  only  news- 
paper store  in  Providence  at  that  time,  and  were  also  dealers  in  teas  and 
coffees  at  No.  24  Market  square,  commenced  the  publication  of  The 
Morning  Mirror,  and  continued  to  publish  the  paper  until  the  fall  of 
1854.  The  first  location  of  the  office  was  in  the  upper  story  of  the 
Granite  Building,  corner  of  Market  square  and  North  Main  street.  The 
press  work  was  done  in  the  office  of  A.  Crawford  Greene,  who  ran  a  job 
office  in  the  same  building.  The  Mirror  office  was  afterwards  moved  to 
a  new  brick  building,  corner  Exchange  place  and  McNeil  lane.  Several 
months  later  fire  destroyed  the  entire  estabhshment.  When  new  mate- 
rial was  obtained,  the  office  was  located  in  the  basement  of  the  Frankhn 
House  on  College  street.  The  store  and  office  were  connected  in  the  rear. 
All  the  printers  "ran"  with  the  Water  Witch  Engine  Company,  No.  6, 
then  located  on  Benefit  street,  where  the  Court  House  now  is ;  and  when 
an  alarm  of  fire  was  announced  by  the  bell  of  the  Second  Baptist  Church, 
then  located  on  the  present  site  of  the  Masonic  Temple,  the  entire  force 
on  the  paper,  foreman,  compositors,  pressman  and  the  man  who  turned 
the  wheel,  went  out  through  the  doors  and  windows,  "bent"  on  the 
"  tail-rope  "  of  the  engine,  as  she  came  down  College  Hill,  and  away  to 
the  fire.  The  business  of  the  office  was  suspended  until  the  fire  was 
out,  when  the  printers  returned  to  their  duties  at  the  office. 

Philip  A.  Marks  was  the  first  and  only  foreman  employed  on  the 
Mirror.  He  was  an  Englishman,  very  short  in  stature,  and  always 
wore  a  silk  high-crowned  hat.  Among  the  compositors  were  George 
Cranston,  Amos  B.  Cranston  (Mouse),  Nelson  Boyle,  Franklin  A.  Chase 
(Crumles),  Billy  Barbour  and  Scott  Pond.  In  1853  there  turned  up  in 
the  office,  Ben  C.  Truman,  who  had  run  away  from  a  Shaker  village  in 
New  Hampshire.  He  entered  as  an  apprentice  and  remained  20  months. 
He  received  the  name  of  "Shaker."  His  subsequent  career  was  a  most 
distinguished  one  and  will  be  found  in  another  portion  of  this  book. 

Capt.  George  H.  Pettis  says: 

"I  joined  the  force  in  August,  1849,  and  remained  on  the  paper  until  I  went  to 
California,  in  May,  1854,  excepting  when  I  would  be  laid  off  for  a  day  or  two  every  month 
for  scrapping  with  the  foreman,  when  I  would  be  sent  for  and  would  resume  work  again. 
As  I  came  here  from  Cohoes  Falls,  New  York  State,  I  received  the  cogncmien  of  "Cohoesey," 
which  name  has  remained  with  me  to  this  day.  When  the  office  removed  to  Exchange 
place  a  second-hand  Hoe  large  cylinder  press  was  installed  in  the  office  and  Ned  Angell 
was  employed  as  pressman.  John  Neafi,  an  Irishman,  whose  office  name  was  "John  Mickey," 
was  employed  to  turn  the  wheel.  This  was  the  first  Hoe  press  used  in  this  State.  Among 
the  Editors  of  the  Mirror  I  can  recall  the  names  of  Clement  C.  Webster,  "John  of  York" 
Colby  and  a  lawyer  by  the  name  of  Dave  Parmenter." 


PRESS  AND  STAR 

After  several  failures  in  attempting  to  publish  a  daily  newspaper  in 
this  city  George  W.  Danielson  succeeded  with  the  Evening  Press.  He 
was  foreman  of  the  composing  room  of  the  Daily  Post  in  1858,  and 
witnessed  the  end  of  the  Daily  Tribune  in  December  of  that  year, 
leaving  Providence  without  an  evening  paper.  Probably  Danielson 
then  began  to  prepare  for  his  next  newspaper  venture,  as  in  the  follow- 
ing spring  [March  14,  1859,]  the  Evening  Press  was  launched,  in  time 
for  the  closing  events  of  the  State  election.  Albert  R.  Cooke  was  his 
partner.  The  Press  was  immediately  successful.  When  it  was  one  year 
old  it  was  enlarged  and  became  "the  largest  newspaper  in  the  State." 
It  was  the  first  evening  paper  to  issue  more  than  one  edition  regularly; 
and  on  April  13,  1861,  when  Fort  Sumter  had  been  fired  on,  it  issued  a 
"postscript,"  the  first  in  the  city. 

At  the  beginning  of  1861  it  announced  the  following  improvement : 

"Wilcox's  Double  Cylinder  Air  Engine,  a  Rhode  Island  contrivance,  which,  within  its 
sphere,  eclipses  anything  known  to  us.  By  its  means  we  are  enabled  to  print  one  sheet 
on  our  Hoe  cylinder  press  at  the  rate  of  upwards  of  1800  impressions  per  hour,  at  the  same 
time  it  also  runs  in  our  job  printing  department  three  other  presses,  an  Adams,  a  Gordon 
and  a  Ruggles." 

Stephen  Wilcox,  Jr.,  of  Westerly,  R.  I.,  was  the  inventor.  A  double 
cylinder  Hoe  printing  press  was  added  in  October  of  1861,  the  first  used 
in  the  city.  Danielson  retired  in  October,  1862.  The  circulation  was 
claimed  to  be  above  9000  per  day  at  that  time.  The  Civil  War  was  in 
progress  and  there  was  a  large  demand  for  newspapers.  But  it  must 
have  taken  the  double  cyhnder  at  least  three  hours  to  print  one  side  of 
the  paper.  In  the  presidential  campaingn  of  1864,  from  August  until 
the  end  of  the  year,  the  Press  was  issued  both  as  a  morning  and  evening 
paper.  Cooke,  Jackson  &  Co.  were  its  publishers  after  the  retirement 
of  Danielson  until  March  28,  1864,  when  Hiram  H.  Thomas  &  Co. 
acquired  control.  At  the  end  of  October,  1865,  "  The  Providence  Press 
Co."  was  organized  to  conduct  the  paper,  and  Rev.  Sidney  Dean  became 
its  editor.  In  October,  1869,  Dean  was  forced  out  to  try  George 
Seilheimer,  who  retired  at  the  end  of  three  months,  after  improving  the 
paper  very  much  but  probably  increasing  the  cost  in  a  corresponding 
ratio.  During  this  management  the  Morning  Star  was  started  [Dec.  6, 
1869] .  Dean  again  assumed  control  and  there  was  no  further  change 
in  management  for  about  ten  years.  When  the  hard  times  of  1873 
came,  the  price  of  the  Press  was  reduced  to  three  cents  and  that  of  the 
Star  was  raised  to  two  cents.  Between  this  time  and  1880  Dean  had  a 
hard  struggle  to  maintain  the  papers,  but  by  good  management  and 
strict  economy  succeeded.  In  October  of  1880  a  number  of  rich  men  in 
the  State  acquired  the  controlling  interest  in  the  company  and  brought 
Z.  L.  White,  Washington  correspondent  of  the  New  York  Tribune,  to 


42  PRINTERS  AND  PRINTING  IN  PROVIDENCE 

this  city  to  become  editor-in-chief.  New  type  was  purchased,  a  large 
amount  of  money  was  expended  for  news,  etc.,  and  in  1882  a  Scott 
perfecting  press  was  installed,  together  with  a  stereotyping  plant.  The 
political  policy  of  the  paper  was  also  changed  in  a  manner  to  repel  some 
large  advertising  patrons.  The  morning  after  the  assassination  of 
President  Garfield,  a  Sunday  edition  of  the  Star  was  begun.  This  was 
for  a  time  a  financial  success.  But  the  continual  loss  of  money  by  the 
other  papers  caused  the  moneyed  men  to  drop  off,  and  in  September, 
1884,  the  newspapers  came  into  possession  of  White,  the  Press  Co. 
retaining  the  book  and  job  departments.  This  portion  was  finally 
acquired  by  Snow  &  Farnham,  who  have  successfully  conducted  the 
business  and  are  now  located  in  the  Hanley  building  on  Washington 
street. 

White  discontinued  the  Press  immediately  and  started  the  Evening 
News  the  next  day,  Oct.  1,  1884.  The  latter  paper  lived  until  the 
following  March. 

The  Evening  Item  was  started  in  the  summer  of  1886  and  continued 
until  Nov.  22  of  the  same  year,  when  the  ownership  passed  to  Edmund 
S.  Hopkins,  who  had  been  interested  in  the  business  for  some  time. 
The  Star  and  Item  were  "  consolidated  "  under  the  title  of  The  Provi- 
dence Star,  which  was  issued  as  an  evening  paper.  The  pages  of  the  Item 
were  arranged  to  open  Hke  those  of  a  law  brief.  The  entire  business  was 
discontinued  March  6,  1887.  The  political  odor  of  the  Star  had  become 
so  bad  that  it  was  not  considered  safe  to  continue  the  paper  through  the 
State  election,  which  was  only  a  month  off.  A  campaign  paper  called 
the  Republican  was  printed  for  a  few  weeks  and  then  the  establishment 
was  broken  up  and  dispersed.  That  year  the  Democrats  won  the 
governorship,  their  first  State  victory  since  1860. 

Isaac  Whiting,  Robert  P.  Boss,  Henry  A.  Barnes  and  George  E. 
Cooley  were  among  the  foremen  of  the  Evening  Press;  Edward  A. 
Carter,  Charles  E.  Burchfield,  A.  P.  Brown,  William  Carroll  and  Herbert 
A.  Darling  were  foremen  of  the  Morning  Star. 

Table  of  wages  and  cost  of  Morning  Star  composing  room  for  week 
ending  Dec.  25,  1886 : 

No.  of  men      Highest  Lowest  Average 

Dec.  19— Saturday 9  $3.89  $2.34  $3.13 

Dec.  20— Sunday 14  6.52  3.24  4.10 

Dec.  21— Monday 8  3.16  2.34  2.66 

Dec.  22— Tuesday    ...   9  4.57  2.05  2.88 

Dec.  23— Wednesday  .  .   8  3.42  2.41  3.00 

Dec.  24— Thursday  ....   8  3.27  2.41  2.86 

Dec.  25— Friday 8  3.89  2.73  3.25 

For  the  week  4.10  2.50  3.12 

For  seven  days  each  man  averaged  $21.84.  Cost  of  labor  in  room 
$341.10.    Price  of  composition  36  cents  per  1000  ems. 


THE  PROVIDENCE  NEWS 

In  1888  the  Journal  ceased  to  be  the  organ  of  the  Republican  party 
of  Rhode  Island  by  formal  announcement  in  a  convention  of  that  party. 
The  elections  in  the  five  years  following  were  hard  fought  and  the  need 
of  a  newspaper  organ  was  felt.  John  L.  Heaton,  who  had  acquired 
newspaper  experience  in  New  York  city,  assisted  by  his  wife,  Mrs.  Eliza 
P.  Heaton,  attempted  in  September,  1891,  to  fill  the  want  by  estabhshing 
the  Providence  News.  The  publication  office  was  at  10  Pine  street  and 
the  business  office  at  7  Weybosset  street.  A.  J.  McConnell  was  foreman 
of  the  composing  room,  which  was  strictly  union.  The  paper  was 
enlarged  in  February,  and  the  Republican  State  convention  [March  15, 
1892]  endorsed  it  as  the  "  ofl[icial  organ  of  the  RepubHcan  party  of  Rhode 
Island."  The  Weekly  News  [12  pages,  $1  per  year]  was  started  June 
24,  1892.  In  October  the  plant  was  removed  to  24  and  25  South  Water 
street  and  about  this  time  the  paper  passed  out  of  the  hands  of  Mr. 
Heaton.  D.  Russell  Brown  became  interested  in  its  publication.  In  a 
few  months  the  union  force  in  the  composing  room  was  discharged  and 
a  non-union  force  substituted.  July  15, 1897,  the  News  by  announcement 
became  a  "  newspaper,  not  a  party  organ,"  after  Messrs.  R.  W.  Bryant, 
Charles  W.  Bacon  and  Stephen  A.  Hopkins  had  purchased  the  controUing 
interest,  and  the  trio  became  publisher,  editor  and  business  manager 
respectively.  This  arrangement  lasted  until  Sept.  22,  1897.  On  the 
latter  date  J.  W.  Watson  became  publisher  and  manager  and  Charles  H. 
Howland  editor.  M.  C.  Day,  G.  F.  Mackinnon  and  C.  H.  Howland  had 
left  the  Journal  and  attempted  to  make  the  News  successful.  Their 
efforts  failed  and  at  the  end  of  their  contract  Torrey  E.  Wardener  came 
from  Boston  [Sept.  28,  1900]  and  made  a  sensational  splurge  which 
ended  in  a  libel  suit.  On  the  1st  of  July,  1902,  the  plant  was  moved  to 
corner  Washington  and  Mathewson  streets.  Here  the  first  newspaper 
color  press  used  in  the  State  was  installed.  Mr.  Brown  continued  owner 
until  May  10,  1906,  when  he  sold  to  Messrs.  Trumpler  and  Dillenback, 
who  changed  the  name  to  the  News-Democrat  and  also  changed  the 
paper's  politics  to  the  support  of  the  Democratic  party.  The  News- 
Democrat  is  the  only  newspaper  in  Providence  that  uses  the  label  of 
the  Allied  Printing  Trades  Council,  and  it  also  prints  a  daily  depart- 
ment devoted  to  the  doings  of  the  local  labor  organizations.  A.  J. 
McConnell,  C.  M.  Clark,  Fred  A.  Manson,  I.  A.  Beals,  Albert  Ridge, 
George  B.  SuUivan  and  William  Simmons  have  been  foremen  of  the 
composing  room. 


THE  EVENING   RECORD 

The  date  of  the  first  issue  of  The  Evening  Record  is  unknown  to 
even  those  now  hving  of  the  small  coterie  who  were  its  sponsors.  It  is 
certain  that  it  existed  for  more  than  a  year  as  a  daily  paper,  during 
which  time  its  place  of  publication  was  changed  three  times,  not  in- 
cluding the  location  of  its  first  office,  54  North  Main  street.  Each  change 
of  base  was  made  not  for  the  better  but  of  necessity.  From  North  Main 
street  the  plant  was  moved  to  the  loft  of  a  low  brick  building  then 
standing  at  the  corner  of  Exchange  street  and  Exchange  place,  now 
covered  by  the  Industrial  Trust  Co.  building.  Only  because  of  the 
demoHtion  of  this  building  did  the  Record  seek  new  quarters.  Of  the 
tenants  of  this  old  block,  the  Record  was  the  last  to  move.  The  removal 
of  the  roof,  sides  and  front  of  the  building  did  not  hasten  the  Record  to 
vacate,  and  not  until  only  a  shelving  of  floor  remained,  the  stairway  to 
which  had  been  removed,  did  the  proprietors  of  the  publication  seek 
another  location.  Its  third  home  was  the  street  floor  of  a  dilapidated 
building  on  Friendship  street.  While  at  this  place  the  Record  secured, 
by  award  of  the  committee  on  city  printing,  that  part  of  the  city 
advertising  which  had  formerly  been  given  to  the  Telegram.  This 
seemingly  good  fortune  on  the  part  of  the  Record  might  have  been  of 
material  assistance  to  its  publishers  had  not  an  attachment  been  placed 
in  the  hands  of  the  City  Treasurer  covering  the  amount  of  money  due 
from  that  source.  This  incident  did  not  interfere  with  the  regular 
pubhcation  of  the  paper,  however. 

Perhaps  the  Record  would  not  so  soon  have  left  the  Friendship 
street  quarters  for  others  on  Eddy  street  but  for  the  reason  that  two 
brawny  men,  armed  with  monkey-wrenches,  walked  into  the  ofllice  one 
afternoon  and  proceeded  to  disjoint  the  press,  an  undertaking  in  which 
they  were  eminently  successful  in  a  very  short  space  of  time.  The  press 
itself  was  a  unique  specimen  of  that  class  of  machinery — single-cylinder, 
two-revolution,  equipped  with  folder  and  jogger — or  something  like  that. 
The  "make"  is  unknown ;  pictures  of  it  cannot  now  be  found  even  in 
catalogues. 

For  a  while — a  few  days — the  forms  were  carried  by  express  to  a 
printer  on  Eddy  street  and  there  the  edition  was  run  off.  There  was 
lots  of  room  in  this  Eddy  street  office  and  the  Record  soon  occupied 
space  therein.  Moving  was  easy  on  this,  the  last  shift,  an  electric 
motor,  lost  in  the  Exchange  place  building,  and  the  press,  removed  from 
the  Friendship  street  headquarters,  constituting  the  heaviest  items  in 
the  Record's  original  plant. 


THE  EVENING  RECORD  45 


Everything  in  connection  with  the  Record's  pubhcation  was  now 
being  done  on  a  cash  basis.  The  man  who  furnished  the  paper  had  to 
have  his  money  before  he  left  his  bundle;  the  expressman  with  the 
"plate  matter"  presented  a  c.  o.  d.,  and  even  the  printer,  with  whom 
the  pubHshers  had  practically  cast  their  lot,  demanded  his  hire  before 
beginning  to  print  Notwithstanding  these  and  many  other  drawbacks, 
the  Record  Hved  on  and  would  have  undoubtedly  hngered  longer  but 
for  this  exacting  printer  meeting  with  the  same  hard  luck  as  the  Record 
in  having  his  press  taken  away  one  day  by  two  brawny,  but  diif  erent  men. 

That  event  and  the  demise  of  the  Record  occurred  the  same  day, 
no  effort  being  made  to  find  another  home. 

The  Evening  Record's  title  was  changed  several  times,  perhaps  as 
often  as  the  location  of  its  business.  Starting  as  the  Record-Herald, 
change  was  made  because  of  objection  by  parties  claiming  right  to  the 
title  of  Herald.  World-Record  was  chosen  as  a  fitting  substitute,  only 
to  be  met  with  a  like  grievance  by  another  party  who  claimed  the  World 
as  personal  property.  The  Evening  Record,  whether  or  not  its  third 
distinguishing  title,  served  as  the  name  under  which  the  paper  was 
printed  for  a  year  or  more. 

During  the  mayoralty  campaign  of  1891,  the  Telegram,  the  demo- 
cratic party  organ,  betrayed  its  faith,  and  it  was  for  the  purpose  of 
rebuking  its  owner,  its  editor  and  those  democrats  who  had  compassed 
the  defeat  of  the  regular  nominee  of  the  democratic  convention  that  the 
Evening  Record  was  started.  That  purpose  was  never  lost  sight  of  and 
all  who  were  regarded  as  responsible  for  the  party's  defeat  of  that  year 
were  mercilessly  scored  by  the  Record  up  to  its  dying  day — Aug.  4, 1892. 


THE    TRIBUNE 

The  first  number  of  The  Evening  Tribune  was  issued  on  Monday, 
March  12,  1906.  A  month  before  this,  the  plant,  franchises  and  good 
will  of  the  Providence  Telegram  Publishing  Company  had  been  pur- 
chased by  a  company  of  active  newspaper  men  of  the  city,  consisting 
of  Matthew  S.  Dwyer,  Frederick  H.  Rowland,  Frederic  N.  Luther, 
Timothy  F.  Dwyer,  Daniel  J.  Dwyer,  Albert  C.  Rider,  John  J.  Rosenf eld, 
Edmund  E.  Eastman,  Charles  R.  Thurston,  Frank  E.  Jones,  Horace  G. 
Belcher  and  Thatcher  T.  Thurston,  all  of  whom  had  been  connected 
with  the  Providence  Journal  for  periods  of  from  twelve  to  thirty-four 
years. 

Associating  with  them  a  large  number  of  others  who  had  worked 
with  them  in  their  former  positions — reporters,  foremen  of  mechanical 
departments,  compositors,  stereotypers,  pressmen  and  clerks — they  under- 
took to  test  their  belief  that  there  was  room  in  the  field  for  a  penny  paper 
differing  in  appearance  and  in  quality  from  any  previously  offered  in 
the  city,  at  the  same  time  furnishing  what  in  the  present  has  come  to 
be  the  rare  example  of  a  newspaper  owned  and  controlled  by  those  who 
make  it. 

The  paper  they  put  out  was  an  entirely  new  one  in  every  respect, 
in  no  way  Hke  that  which  it  superseded,  but  it  at  once  found  popular 
favor  in  substantial  degree  with  both  readers  and  advertisers.  The 
circulation  of  the  superseded  paper  at  the  time  of  its  purchase  was 
17,000.  With  the  eighth  issue  of  The  Evening  Tribune  the  management 
announced  that  there  had  been  obtained  a  permanent  minimum  circu- 
lation of  27,500,  and  the  advertising  patronage  required  the  use  of 
sixteen  eight-column  pages.  From  that  time  on  growth  has  been  steady 
until  now  the  average  circulation  is  over  32,000  and  on  the  heaviest 
advertising  days  it  has  been  necessary  to  issue  twenty-two  pages,  which 
make,  it  is  claimed,  the  largest  newspaper  sold  anywhere  for  one  cent. 

The  Sunday  Tribune  was  issued  in  connection  with  The  Evening 
Tribune  from  the  first,  its  more  distinctive  feature,  perhaps,  being  the 
supplementing  of  its  main  sections,  for  the  first  time  by  any  Providence 
paper,  with  a  large  and  handsomely  illustrated  magazine  section  in  the 
modern  tabloid  form. 

Satisfied  with  the  experiment  and  encouraged  by  the  degree  of 
material  success  attained,  the  management  issued  on  July  4,  1906,  the 
first  number  of  The  Morning  Tribune,  also  a  penny  paper,  giving 
Providence,  for  the  first  time  in  many  years,  a  second  morning  paper. 


THE  TRIBUNE  47 


This  experiment  also  proved  justified.  Starting  with  nothing,  the 
morning  issue  obtained  a  circulation  that  since  the  first  day  has  not 
fallen  below  9,000  and  is  at  present  over  11,000. 

For  the  first  two  months  and  a  half.  The  Morning  Tribune's  tel- 
egraphic news  was  obtained  from  the  PubHshers'  Press  Association, 
supplemented  by  the  special  service  of  the  New  York  Herald.  But  at 
the  quarterly  meeting  of  the  Board  of  Directors  of  the  Associated  Press, 
Sept.  20,  1906,  it  was  unanimously  elected  to  full  membership  in  that 
Association.  The  management  then  announced  that  with  a  full  com- 
plement of  regular  issues — Morning,  Evening  and  Sunday — with  a 
complete  equipment  of  news  service  for  each,  it  would  thenceforth  devote 
itself  to  making  its  publication  a  recognized  and  firmly  estabhshed 
Rhode  Island  institution. 

Immediately  after  the  purchase  of  the  Telegram  plant,  the  mechan- 
ical equipment  was  improved  by  the  addition  of  considerable  new 
machinery,  a  modern  photo-engraving  department  was  established,  ad- 
ditional space  was  taken  in  the  building  for  the  accommodation  of  the 
editorial  and  reportorial  staffs  and  the  general  facilities  for  getting  out 
the  paper  were  liberally  increased.  Later,  at  the  beginning  of  1907, 
the  business  office  was  doubled  in  extent,  entirely  refurnished,  and  pro- 
vided with  special  conveniences  for  patrons  and  the  general  public. 

At  the  conclusion  of  its  first  year,  March  12,  1907,  The  Tribune 
editorially  said  of  itself:  "Its  material  success  has  surpassed  the  highest 
expectations  of  its  management  and  makes,  it  is  beheved,  a  new  record 
in  New  England  journalism." 


THE    LABOR    PRESS 

An  attempt  to  establish  a  labor  paper  in  Providence  was  made  by 
the  Rhode  Island  Co-operative  Printing  and  Pubhshing  Co.,  of  which 
E.  C.  Pierce  was  President  and  Robert  Grieve  Secretary-Treasurer. 
Shares  were  sold  at  $5  each  and  a  large  number  were  disposed  of  in 
small  lots.  The  weekly  paper  that  was  issued  by  the  company  was 
named  The  People.  The  first  number  appeared  Saturday,  Dec.  5, 1885. 
Robert  Grieve  was  editor,  George  Farnell  reporter,  Joseph  C.  Barker 
foreman  and  Henry  Burrett  apprentice.  It  almost  immediately  secured 
a  wide  circulation  and  was  enlarged  twice,  in  February  and  again  in 
April,  1886.  The  financial  results  were  not  satisfactory,  however,  and 
in  June,  1887,  a  reduction  in  size  was  made  and  Holmes  W.  Merton 
became  publisher  and  John  Francis  Smith  editor.  Aug.  27,  1887,  one 
column  was  added  to  each  page.  From  Oct.  15,  1887,  to  May  19,  1888, 
Harry  C.  Vrooman  edited  The  People.   The  paper  suspended  May  26, 1888. 

The  Providence  Labor  Tribune  was  issued  from  No.  5  Washington 
Row  from  Sept.  3, 1886,  to  Aug.  27, 1887,  by  F.  E.  Corbett,  but  was  made 
up  almost  entirely  of  plate  matter  and  had  little  influence. 

Providence  Typographical  Union,  No.  33,  began  the  publication  of 
a  daily,  The  Evening  Call,  Tuesday,  April  20,  1889,  at  64  North  Main 
street.  The  Call  was  "  set  up  and  produced  by  the  printers  who  until 
last  Saturday  [April  27]  were  in  the  employ  of  *  *  *  the  Telegram,  and 
were  then  locked  out  *  *  *  because  they  would  not  forfeit  their  honor 
and  continue  to  work  with  non-union  men  headed  by  a  person  who  was 
a  member  of  the  Typographical  Union  and  betrayed  his  comrades  in 
that  body  by  organizing  a  gang  of  non-unionists  to  fill  the  places  of  the 
Union  men."     Frank  E.  Jones  was  editor  for  a  time. 

The  trouble  in  the  Telegram  composing  room  was  caused  by  a  new 
scale  of  prices  which  went  into  effect  the  previous  February  [25th]. 
It  had  been  agreed  to  and  signed  by  the  Telegram's  manager,  but  in  a 
few  weeks  he  was  dissatisfied  at  the  increased  expense.  After  an  inter- 
view with  the  Executive  Committee  of  the  Union  the  scale  was  modified 
to  suit  his  views  at  a  meeting  of  the  Union.  The  revised  scale  went 
into  effect  April  1  and  was  signed  by  the  Telegram's  manager  and  the 
President  of  the  Union.  Notwithstanding  this  apparent  settlement 
preparations  were  made  by  the  Telegram  management  to  fight  the 
Union,  with  the  result  that  the  entire  force  of  37  men  refused  to  work 
with  the  non-unionists  that  had  been  gathered  and  quit  the  ofl^ce 
April  27. 


THE  LABOR  PRESS  49 


The  Call  was  issued  to  take  advertising  business  away  from  the 
Telegram  and  to  rally  the  working  people  of  the  State  to  the  support  of 
the  printers.  Pawtucket  Cigarmakers,  No.  94;  Iron  Moulders,  No.  41 
and  No.  9 ;  Tailors,  Masons  and  Carpenters  Unions  of  Providence  almost 
immediately  passed  resolutions  condemning  the  Telegram.  When  the 
matter  came  before  the  Central  Labor  Union  the  Telegram  manager 
asked  for  a  hearing  and  was  present  at  the  meeting  of  May  26,  but 
declined  to  make  a  statement  on  the  ground  that  a  number  of  printers 
present  were  not  regular  delegates.  He  asked  for  a  committee  of  con- 
ference, but  expressed  a  wish  that  no  printers  be  placed  upon  it.  The 
labor  sentiment  was  against  the  Telegram,  but  it  was  not  as  potent  a 
factor  as  in  the  days  of  Knights  of  Labor  supremacy. 

The  Call  continued  to  prosper  and  was  enlarged  on  May  27  and  the 
publication  office  was  changed  to  the  third  floor  of  Billings  Block,  No.  21 
Eddy  street. 

The  non-unionists  in  the  Telegram  office  formed  a  branch  of  the 
P.  P.  F.'s,  known  as  Rhode  Island  Printer's  Protective  Fraternity,  No.  29. 
At  the  meeting  on  May  5,  Charles  W.  Oberton  was  elected  President. 
At  that  time  there  were  about  400  members  of  that  organization  in  the 
United  States,  and  they  had  attempted  to  "rat"  Kansas  City,  Mo., 
Milwaukee,  Wis.,  Jacksonville,  Fla.,  IndianapoHs,  Ind.,  Louisville,  Ky., 
and  the  New  York  Tribune.  The  Telegram  management  attempted  to 
convince  the  labor  people  of  the  State  that  the  P.  P.  F.'s  were  a  rival 
labor  organization  to  the  International  Union,  and  advertised  as  follows : 

"Wanted,  a  few  good  compositors.     Union  men  preferred." 

It  was  well  known  that  members  of  the  International  Union  could 
not  work  in  the  office  with  the  P.  P.  F.'s. 

The  Central  Labor  Union  adopted  resolutions  against  the  Telegram 
June  24,  and  on  the  same  date  its  manager  notified  the  officers  of  the 
Union,  manager  of  the  Call,  and  members  of  the  Executive  Committee 
of  the  Union,  of  his  intention  to  prosecute.  President  Randall  was 
arrested  June  26  for  libel ;   damages  placed  at  $5000. 

Francis  F.  Sorbie,  Joseph  D.  Hall,  Jr.,  and  Financial  Secretary  George 
E.  Boomer  were  arrested  June  27 ;  John  W.  Clarkson,  James  P.  Bowes, 
P.  J.  Coogan  and  J.  J.  Nolan  on  June  29,  damages  fixed  at  $1000  in  each 
case.  A  warrant  was  out  against  James  Moore,  but  was  not  served 
until  July  19.    All  were  promptly  bailed. 

Announcement  was  made  on  July  14  that  the  Call  was  being  printed 
on  its  new  Scott  press. 

At  a  meeting  between  a  delegation  from  Iron  Moulders  Union, 
No.  41,  and  the  Telegram  manager,  the  latter  agreed  to  put  his  former 


50  PRINTERS  AND  PRINTING  IN  PROVIDENCE 

foreman,  James  H.  Russell,  in  full  charge  of  the  Telegram  composing 
room  on  July  17,  but  backed  out  later. 

George  W.  Wilson  was  arrested  July  19 ;  damages  $5000.  Textile 
Workers  Union,  No.  16,  of  Olneyville,  denounced  the  Telegram  on 
July  22;  Pawtucket  Typographical  Union,  No.  212,  followed  July  30;  and 
Woonsocket  Typographical  Union  took  action  Aug.  2.  A  large  number 
of  full  sheet  posters,  giving  the  resolutions  adopted  by  the  R.  I.  Central 
Trades  Union,  were  put  up  throughout  the  State  by  unknown  persons. 
The  day  before  the  annual  convention  of  the  Knights  of  Labor,  the 
Telegram  manager  held  a  conference  with  Russell,  officers  of  No.  33  and 
leaders  of  the  Knights  of  Labor,  at  which  it  was  again  agreed  that 
Russell  should  become  foreman  of  the  Telegram  on  the  following  Mon- 
day. The  Knights  of  Labor  took  no  action  at  their  convention  on 
Saturday  in  consequence,  but  the  alleged  agreement  was  not  carried 
out.  The  obstacle  in  the  way  of  a  settlement  was  beHeved  to  be  a 
$3000  forfeit,  that  had  been  put  up  in  New  York  before  the  lockout  by 
the  Telegram  manager,  to  guarantee  his  contract  with  the  National 
Protective  Fraternity  of  New  York,  in  order  to  secure  non-union  help 
for  his  composing  room. 

President  Plank  of  the  L  T.  U.  came  to  Providence  Aug.  13,  to 
endeavor  to  aid  Providence  Union,  but  nothing  tangible  resulted.  The 
Telegram  was  sold  to  Joseph  Banigan  and  others,  Sept.  29,  and  the 
contract  with  the  non-unionists  was  inherited.  Many  of  the  Telegram 
compositors  had  left  town,  linotypes  had  been  introduced  into  the  Journal 
composing  room,  causing  many  changes  in  that  office,  and  plate  matter 
began  to  appear  in  increasing  quantities  in  the  Call,  indicating  that  the 
fight  was  practically  over  as  far  as  the  Union  was  concerned,  although 
nominally  the  paper  continued  to  appear  in  its  name  for  some  time 
afterwards.  It  had  made  a  very  creditable  record.  The  International 
Union  had  furnished  financial  assistance. 

Justice  was  started  Sept.  2,  1893,  "by  the  Central  Labor  Union,  for 
and  in  the  Interests  of  the  Toilers."  At  first  it  was  directed  by  "  The 
Committee."  Publication  ceased  from  Dec.  23, 1893,  to  April  7, 1894. 
George  E.  Boomer  revived  it  on  the  latter  date  and  continued  it  until 
Nov.  30,  1895,  when  final  suspension  took  place. 


LIST  OF  DAILY  NEWSPAPERS 


The  list  of  daily  newspapers  that  have  had  an  existence  in  Provi- 
dence is  a  long  one;  the  survivors  number  but  five.  The  Daily  Adver- 
tiser heads  the  list.  It  preceded  the  issue  of  the  Daily  Journal  one  day. 
In  fact,  its  appearance  forced  the  publishers  of  the  Journal  to  start 
before  they  considered  a  daily  necessary.     Following  is  the  list: 


Daily  Advertiser  (1829). 
Daily  Journal  ( 1829 ). 
Free  Press  (1830). 
Daily  American  ( 1831). 
Public  Ledger  (1831). 
Daily  City  Gazette  ( 1833). 
Commercial  Advertiser  (1834). 
Evening  Star  ( 1834 ). 
Daily  News  ( 1834  ). 
Morning  Courier  ( 1836). 
Daily  Express  ( 1842  ). 
Evening  Chronicle  (1842). 
Daily  Gazette  (1844). 
Transcript  and  Chronicle  ( 1844). 
Daily  Sentinel  (1846). 
Daily  Star  ( 1849 ). 
Morning  Mirror  ( 1849 ). 
Daily  Post  (  1850  ). 
Daily  Tribune  ( 1853 ). 
The  Plaindealer  ( 1855 ). 
American  Citizen  (1855). 


Evening  Telegraph  (1858). 
Evening  Press  (1859). 
Evening  Bulletin  (1863). 
Morning  Herald  ( 1868 ). 
Morning  Star  (1869). 
Evening  Chronicle  (1874). 
Daily  Sun  ( 1876 ). 
Evening  Times  (1877). 
Evening  Telegram  (1880). 
The  Mail  (1884). 
Evening  News  ( 1884). 
Evening  Item  (1886). 
Providence  Star  (1886). 
Evening  Dispatch  ( 1886). 
Daily  Republican  (1887). 
Daily  Dispatch  (1887). 
Evening  Call  (1889). 
The  Providence  News  ( 1891 ). 
Evening  Record  ( 1891). 
The  News-Democrat  ( 1906). 
Evening  Tribune  (1906). 


Morning  Tribune  (1906). 

Of  the  journeymen  printers  who  have  been  concerned  in  the 
management  of  these  daily  newspapers,  Joseph  Knowles,  William  Jones 
Miller,  Clement  Webster,  George  W.  Danielson,  George  0.  Willard  and 
Peter  J.  Trumpler  have  met  with  the  greatest  success.  Knowles  was 
identified  with  many  printing  partnerships,  and  must  have  been  a  keen 
business  man ;  Miller  was  an  ardent  Dorrite  and  acquired  journalistic 
experience  while  publishing  the  Daily  Express  and  Daily  Gazette. 
Afterwards  he  was  influential  in  establishing  the  Daily  Post.  Webster 
was  a  clever  writer,  and  Danielson,  after  some  failures,  began  the  pub- 
lication of  the  Evening  Press  and  later  the  Evening  Bulletin,  two  most 
successful  newspapers.  Willard,  after  many  years'  successful  work  on 
the  Evening  Press,  went  to  Pawtucket,  and  in  partnership  with  George 
E.  Cooley,  started  the  Evening  Times  in  that  city.  Trumpler's  ability 
was  displayed  in  securing  advertising  business  for  the  Evening  Tel- 
egram, and  later  in  the  same  line  for  the  Pawtucket  Times,  and  as 
business  manager  of  The  News-Democrat. 


SUNDAY   NEWSPAPERS 

The  first  Sunday  newspaper  published  in  Providence  was  started  in 
1874.  Its  name  was  The  Sunday  Dispatch.  Edwin  D.  White  was  its 
manager  and  the  printing  office  w^as  located  at  57  Weybosset  street. 
The  size  was  four  pages,  and  there  were  few  special  features.  Saturday 
night's  news  was  covered  practically  as  the  daily  papers  covered  the 
news  of  the  other  six  days  of  the  week.  Preston  D.  Jones  bought  the 
Dispatch  in  1875,  and  the  printing  was  done  by  the  firm  of  Reynolds, 
Mackinnon  &  Trumpler,  at  5  Washington  row,  where  the  Providence 
Journal  office  had  been.  In  1879  P.  D.  &  E.  D.  Jones  were  the  owners 
of  the  Dispatch  and  the  office  was  located  at  18  Custom  House  street. 
In  1880  P.  D.  Jones  became  sole  owner  and  the  location  was  at  81  Dyer 
street.  P.  D.  Jones  died  Oct.  31, 1884,  and  soon  after  Trumpler  &  Abell 
acquired  the  property  and  printed  the  paper  at  30  Eddy  street.  In  1886 
W.  B.  W.  Hallett  was  owner  and  the  pubhcation  office  was  at  No.  7 
Union  street.  In  September  of  that  year  The  Evening  Dispatch  was 
issued  as  a  two  cent  daily,  by  Orville  Remington  and  C.  C.  Corbett.  It 
was  stopped  Feb.  5, 1887.  Corbett  was  then  the  publisher.  Three  days 
afterwards  the  Providence  Daily  Dispatch  was  issued  as  a  morning 
paper  from  the  same  plant.  Later  the  business  office  was  moved  to  54 
Westminster  street  and  the  composing  and  press  rooms  to  their  former 
location  on  Washington  row.  An  Evening  Dispatch  was  soon  substituted 
for  the  morning  paper.  While  at  this  location  in  1889,  there  was  a  strike 
of  the  compositors,  and  the  union  force  was  replaced  by  non-unionists 
under  the  foremanship  of  Cohick,  who  had  acquired  notoriety  a  few 
years  before  in  the  lockout  on  the  Boston  Post. 

Lewis  Burtnett,  now  editor  of  the  Greensboro  (N.  C.)  Labor  News, 
was  among  the  strikers.  He  relates  the  following  incident  that  came 
under  his  notice  when  employed  on  the  Despatch: 

"While  the  Dispatch  was  living,  under  the  management  of  'Charlie'  Corbett,  and 
after  he  had  made  a  stock  company  of  it,  one  of  the  stockholders,  a  woolen  mill  man  from 
the  Pawtuxet  Valley,  made  a  kick  because  the  payroll  was  so  large,  and  asked  Corbett 
why  it  was  that  the  ads.  could  not  be  set  on  time  instead  of  by  the  piece.  Corbett,  who 
had  been  raising  a  rumpus  for  a  long  time  about  this  very  same  thing,  told  the  wool  man 
that  he  had  been  trying  to  have  the  ads.  set  on  time,  'but'  he  added,  'the  damn  church 
or  chapel,  as  they  call  it  out  there  in  the  composing  room,  won't  allow  it.'  That  was 
before  'Charlie'  turned  evangelist." 

The  life  of  the  evening  paper  went  out  May  13, 1889.  E.  A.  Corbett 
was  issuing  a  Sunday  Dispatch  in  1894  at  174  Weybosset  street. 

Other  Sunday  papers  not  connected  with  daiHes  were:  Sunday 
Gazette  (1878),  Sunday  Morning  Transcript  (1879-85),  Sunday  World 
(1886-92),  Sunday  Courier  (1887-90),  Sunday  News  (1889),  Sunday 
Republican  (1889-91),  Sunday  Times  (1890). 


f/1//  LLIAM 


FIFTY-YEAR   HISTORY    OF 
PROVIDENCE  TYPOGRAPHICAL  UNION 

1857-1907 

When  it  was  first  decided  to  attempt  a  history  of  printing  in  Provi- 
dence it  was  thought  that,  so  far  as  the  "Union"  was  identified  with  the 
story,  all  would  be  plain  sailing.  Several  years  previous  to  the  beginning 
of  this  work  the  Union  had,  through  the  efforts  of  one  of  its  officers, 
fortunately  recovered  two  lost  volumes  containing  the  records  of  the 
first  seventeen  years  of  its  existence. 

It  was  then  thought  that  the  date  of  the  formation  of  the  first 
association  of  Providence  printers  was  identical  with  that  of  Typo- 
graphical Union  No.  33,  but  the  committee,  in  its  quest  for  material 
other  than  that  pertaining  to  the  Union,  discovered  evidence  of  the 
existence  of  an  earher  society. 

In  the  Providence  directory  for  1854  is  printed  a  fist  of .  officers  of 
the  Providence  Printers'  Union,  as  follows:  George  W.  Danielson, 
President;  Nathan  Hall,  Vice-President;  Israel  Amsbury,  Secretary; 
Albert  N.  Angell,  Treasurer.  This  Union  met  every  Saturday  evening 
at  24  Westminster  street. 

The  object  of  this  Union,  when  it  was  formed  and  when  it  ceased 
to  exist,  cannot  be  determined  by  available  data,  but  it  is  believed  its 
purposes  were  of  a  social  nature  and  unlike  those  actuating  the  organ- 
ization of  trades  unions. 

Evidence  that  Providence  Typographical  Union  was  formed  in  1856 
is  offered  by  the  records  of  Boston  Union  for  that  year  in  the  following 
resolution  adopted  by  No.  13  at  its  August  meeting: 

"Whereas,  This  society  has  learned  that  'Little  Rhody'  is  awake  and  that  a  'Union' 
has  been  established  at  Providence, 

"Resolved,  That  this  Union  tenders  the  right  hand  of  fellowship  to  the  printers  of 
Providence,  and  promises  them  our  hearty  co-operation  in  carrying  on  the  good  work  of 
forming  and  establishing  a  society  which  may  prove  honorable  to  themselves  and  of 
permanent  importance  to  the  craft. 

"  Resolved,  That  experience  having  proved  that  organization  is  necessary  not  only  to 
ensure  a  fair  remuneration  for  labor,  but  to  establish  a  regular  system  in  offices,  and 
elevate  the  character  of  the  profession,  which  has  too  long  suffered  from  the  incursions 
of  'rat-dom,'  this  society  'trusts  in  Providence'  that  printers  in  other  cities  and  towns 
will  speedily  organize,  confident  that  the  benefits  arising  therefrom  would  be  speedily 
felt  and  appreciated." 

The  resolutions  were  presented  by  Mr.  McCoubray  and  were 
adopted  unanimously. 


54  PRINTERS  AND  PRINTING  IN  PROVIDENCE 

This  is  substantiated  by  the  first  volume  of  Providence  records, 
referred  to  above,  the  title  of  which  reads: 

RECORD 
of  the 
PROVIDENCE  TYPOGRAPHICAL  UNION,  No.  33 
Instituted  June,  1856 

But  it  is  also  evident  that  the  Union  was  not  formally  organized 
until  1857.  Permanent  officers  were  not  elected  under  the  adopted  con- 
stitution and  by-laws  until  April,  1857,  and  application  for  charter  from 
the  National  Union  was  not  made  until  August  of  that  year. 

That  the  charter  was  not  received  during  1857  appears  to  have  been 
no  fault  of  Providence  Union.  Repeated  inquiries  brought  no  response 
from  National  headquarters  until  March,  1858,  when  information  was 
received  that  the  "  charter  would  be  forwarded  as  soon  as  practicable." 

It  is  plain,  then,  that  Providence  Union  could  not  have  obtained  its 
number  from  the  National  Union  previous  to  making  application  for 
the  charter,  although  the  Union  might  have  been  assigned  the  number 
previous  to  the  forwarding  of  the  parchment  itself. 

Therefore,  as  "  Providence  Typographical  Union,  No.  33,"  and  as  a 
recognized  subordinate  body  to  the  now  International  Typographical 
Union,  1857  must  be  regarded  as  the  birthyear  of  our  organization. 
Facts  do  not  justify  the  selection  of  an  earlier  date,  notwithstanding 
they  do  certify  an  earlier  association. 

Still,  whatever  may  have  been  the  status  of  the  Union  during  the 
year  1856,  it  is  only  justice  to  admit  that  the  enrolled  membership  of 
that  organization  was  the  rock  upon  which  the  present  Union  built. 
The  following  is,  we  beheve,  a  complete  Hst  of  the  members  previous 
to  April,  1857: 

Stephen  B.  Potter  George  Whelden.  Jeremiah  N.  Thomas. 

Amos  B.  Cranston.  George  H.  Cranston.  Charles  J.  Hicks. 

Nelson  Boyle.  E.  A.  Willcox.  Alexander  P.  Niger. 

Francis  E.  Kelly.  Robert  A.  Pierce.  Albert  A.  Scott. 

Henry  R.  Sawyer.  Ashton  H.  Gardiner.  Martin  S.  Budlong. 

Jabez  Lord.  William  H.  Barbour.  Peter  H.  Massie. 

George  T.  Arnold. 

In  the  book  of  records  labeled  Vol.  I,  the  first  recorded  meeting  is 
under  date  of  April  11,  1857.  At  this  meeting  a  committee  previously 
appointed  reported  that  "  they  had  interviewed  almost  all  the  journey- 
men in  the  city  and  but  three  had  refused  to  sign  the  scale."  The 
report  was  received  and  the  committee  continued. 

Officers  were  then  elected  to  serve  until  June,  thereafter  to  be 
elected  semi-annually,  according  to  the  Constitution. 

The  committee  on  "Scale  "  submitted  the  following  circular,  which 
was  adopted  and  ordered  presented  to  all  employers  on  Monday,  April  13  : 


HISTORY  OF  PROVIDENCE  TYPOGRAPHICAL  UNION  55 


CIRCULAR. 

At  a  meeting  of  the  Providence  Typographical  Union,  held  on  Saturday  evening, 
April  11,  1857,  the  following  Resolution  was  unanimously  adopted: 

Resolved,  That  on  and  after  Monday,  April  20,  1857,  we  will  demand  the  remuner- 
ation for  our  labor  specified  in  our  Scale  of  Prices,  adopted  on  the  4th  inst.,  and  that  we 
hereby  pledge  our  names  and  our  professional  honor  to  prove  true  to  the  stand  we 
have  taken. 

SCALE  OF  PRICES. 

Daily  (Morning)  Papers.  Compensation  per  week,  10  hours  to 

Composition  per  1000  ems     ...     $  0.30  constitute  a  day's  work    ....  $10.00 

Compensation  per  week,  10  hours  to  Book  and  Job 

constitute  a  day's  work    .     .     .     .  12.00       Composition  per  1000  ems  .' .     .     .       0.28 

Evening  Papers.  Compensation  per  week,  10  hours  to 

Composition  per  1000  ems  ...     .  0.28           constitute  a  day's  work    ....     10.00 

Compensation  per  week,  10  hours  to  Pressmen 

constitute  a  day's  work    ....  10.00       Compensation  per  week,  10  hours  to 

Weekly  and  Semi-Weeky.  constitute  a  day's  work   ....     10.00 

Composition  per  1000  ems  ....  0.28 

Several  "  sticksful "  of  argument  why  the  advance  should  be  granted 
follow  the  "  scale,"  and  attention  is  called  to  the  unenviable  situation  of 
the  morning  newspaper  hand  in  these  words:  "One  evening  in  the 
week  is  all  that  is  allowed  him  to  spend  in  the  company  of  his  wife  and 
children ;  the  *  sound  of  the  church-going  bell '  calls  him  not  to  the  sanc- 
tuary, but  to  the  '  case,'  to  commence  one  more  week  of  enervating  toil." 

At  the  meeting  held  one  week  later — April  18 — reports  were  received 
from  the  several  offices.  Mr.  A.  B.  Cranston,  from  the  office  of  the  Daily 
Tribune,  reported  that  the  pubhshers  would  pay  the  advance ;  J.  A. 
Ward,  from  the  Tribune  job  office,  reported  that  the  proprietors  would 
pay  the  prices  demanded  ;  Wm.  H.  Barbour,  from  Mr.  Young's  office, 
reported  favorably ;  Mr.  Whelden,  from  the  Journal  office,  said  that  the 
proprietors  desired  to  compromise  the  matter,  agreeing  to-  pay  28  cents 
instead  of  30  cents  per  1000  ems ;  Mr.  Gordon,  from  the  Post,  reported 
that  the  Post  management  suggested  a  willingness  to  pay  28  cents 
instead  of  30  cents ;  E.  B.  Hall,  from  Mr.  Tillinghast's  job  office,  re- 
ported favorably. 

After  considerable  discussion  the  "scale"  was  amended  so  as  to  read 
"28  cents"  instead  of  "30  cents." 

The  inquiry  committee  returned  a  favorable  report  upon  the  names 
of  ten  appHcants,  and  the  gentlemen  were  duly  elected  to  membership. 

No  other  meetings  of  the  Union  were  held  during  April,  but  on 
May  2,  a  special  meeting  was  called,  presumably  for  the  purpose  of 
taking  action  on  a  letter  received  from  Boston  Union,  but  before  that 
document  was  presented  an  anxious  individual  was  on  his  feet  with  a 
question  for  information.  Mr.  Whelden,  in  reply  to  the  question,  stated 
that  everything  was  satisfactory  at  the  Journal  office. 


56  PRINTERS  AND  PRINTING  IN  PROVIDENCE 


"Boston,  April  2,  1857. 
"To  THE  President  of  the  Providence  Printers  Union: 

Dear  Sir — I  take  the  liberty  to  inform  you,  and  through  you  the  journeymen 
Printers  of  Providence,  that  the  Printers  of  Boston  deeply  sympathize  with  you  in  your 
determination  for  an  advance  of  wages;  and  I  believe  I  express  the  wishes  of  the  whole 
society  of  which  I  have  the  honor  to  be  President  when  I  say  we  are  with  you  heart  and 
soul.  We  have  already  issued  handbills  and  will  do  all  in  our  power  to  sustain  you  in  the 
glorious  cause. 

"Hoping  to  hear  from  you  soon,  and  that  you  have  succeeded  in  gaining  the  advance 
asked  for, 

"I  remain, 

"Yours  respectfully, 

"H.  W.  Harrington." 

The  President  and  Secretary  were  appointed  a  committee  to  answer 
the  above,  which  they  did  by  offering  the  following  resolutions: 

"Resolved,  That  we  tender  our  heartfelt  thanks  to  the  Boston  Printers'  Union  for 
the  generous  sympathy  transmitted  to  us  through  their  President,  and  trust  that  by 
proving  true  to  ourselves  we  may  in  a  measure  cancel  the  obligations  we  feel  towards 
them,  and  at  the  same  time  giveassurance  to  our  brother  Printers  throughout  our  common 
country  that  while  we  labor  for  our  personal  advantage  we  are  not  unmindful  that  all 
honest  means  employed  for  an  increased  compensation,  and  a  strict  adherence  to  those 
principles  laid  down  for  good  and  intelligent  workmen,  will  prove  a  blessing  to  the  craft, 
and  give  tone  and  dignity  to  the  trade,  which  its  merits  deserve. 

"Resolved,  That  we  shall  always  remember  with  pride  the  interest  felt  in  our 
behalf  by  those  gentlemen,  members  of  the  Boston  Union,  who  so  generously  visited  us, 
and  by  their  counsel  and  advice  made  us  understand  what  we  before  believed,  that  we 
had  friends  abroad  upon  whom  we  could  rely  in  time  of  need. 

"  Resolved,  That  the  above  resolutions  be  signed  by  the  President  and  Secretary, 
and  transmitted  to  the  Boston  Printers'  Union." 

Adopted. 

Mr.  Ormsbee  moved  that  a  committee  be  appointed,  one  from  each 
office,  to  report  the  state  of  trade  in  their  respective  offices.  The  motion 
was  carried  and  the  President  appointed  the  following : 

Alexander  P.  Niger A.  C.  Greene's  Job  Office. 

Stephen  B.  Potter       Post  Job  Office. 

John  B.  Ingraham H.  Brown's  Office. 

Edward  Hall Tillinghast's  Job  Office. 

George  Whelden Journal  Office. 

Henry  R.  Sawyer Transcript  Office. 

James  A.  Ward Tribune  Job  Office. 

Nathan  Hall       Mr.  Young's  Job  Office. 

Amos  B.  Cranston Daily  Tribune  Office. 

W.  A.  Leonard        The  Schoolmaster  Office. 

At  the  next  meeting  the  above  gentlemen  reported  that  all  things 
were  lovely  in  their  respective  offices,  with  these  exceptions:  At  the 
Journal  office  the  pressmen  were  not  receiving  the  advanced  wage,  and 
in  the  office  of  Mr.  Young  one  employe  was  working  under  price. 

Mr.  Ormsbee  inquired  what  action  was  to  be  taken  with  members 
who  were  known  to  be  working  for  less  than  the  Union  scale.  The 
query  developed  an  animated  discussion  during  which  the  pressmen 
were  hustled  about  and  finally  dropped  overboard  by  the  adoption  of 
the  following  resolution : 


HISTORY  OF  PROVIDENCE  TYPOGRAPHICAL  UNION  57 


"Resolved,  That  our  Scale  of  Prices  be  so  altered  and  amended  as  to  expunge  the 
remuneration  of  pressmen  from  it,  and  that  one  month's  time  be  given  them  and  any 
others  who  may  have  objections  to  bring  the  same  forward." 

At  the  meeting  held  June  20,  1857,  officers  were  again  elected,  and 
from  this  time  on  elections  were  held  semi-annually,  in  December  and 
June,  until  1864,  when  the  tenure  of  office  was  changed  to  one  year, 
and  elections  held  annually  in  December. 

July  10,  1857,  Mr.  Sawyer  was  directed  to  call  upon  the  late  secre- 
tary and  obtain  the  books  in  his  possession  belonging  to  the  Union. 
(This  must  refer  to  the  secretary  serving  previous  to  April,  1857,  as  the 
same  secretary  elected  at  the  April  meeting  was  re-elected  in  June.) 

At  the  August  meeting,  the  secretary  was  instructed  to  take  im- 
mediate measures  to  procure  a  charter  from  the  National  Typographical 
Union,  and  he  was  also  authorized  to  draw  upon  the  treasury  to  pay  for 
the  same. 

The  first  charges  of  unfair  conduct  to  be  preferred  against  a  mem- 
ber were  offered  at  a  special  meeting  held  August  15, 1857.  The  secre- 
tary was  directed  to  notify  the  member  that  further  action  would  be 
taken  at  the  next  meeting,  and  to  invite  him  to  be  present  and  defend 
himself  as  provided  by  the  constitution. 

William  Madigan,  of  Boston,  then  addressed  the  Union  at  length 
upon  the  duties  and  responsibilities  of  the  members  and  the  prospects 
before  them,  and  was  followed  by  WilHam  Graham  of  the  same  city  in 
a  neat  and  forcible  speech. 

The  following  resolutions  were  then  presented  and  adopted: 

"Resolved,  That  the  thanks  of  this  Union  be,  and  they  are  hereby  tendered  to 
Messrs.  William  Madigan  and  William  Graham  of  the  Boston  Printers'  Union  for  the 
interest  manifested  in  our  behalf,  in  visiting  us  on  the  present  occasion  and  the  encour- 
agement offered  in  their  words  of  counsel  and  advice. 

"Resolved,  That  the  thanks  of  this  Union  be,  and  hereby  are,  further  extended  to 
the  members  of  the  Boston  Printers'  Union  for  the  many  acts  of  kindness  and  sympathy 
heretofore  transmitted  to  us,  and  we  assure  them  we  shall  always  remember  them  with 
gratitude,  and  refer  to  their  organization  with  feelings  of  the  greatest  pride,  and  hope  to 
conduct  ourselves  so  as  always  to  merit  their  approval." 

The  resignation  of  the  secretary,  William  A.  Leonard,  was  accepted 
at  the  September  meeting,  and  resolutions  were  passed  thanking  him 
for  his  services  and  wishing  him  success  in  his  travels. 


Note.  William  Madigan  was  a  vigorous  type  of  the  Union  man  and  one  of  whom 
any  profession  or  craft  might  be  proud.  Among  the  first  to  lend  his  services  in  the 
formation  of  Boston  Union,  he  never  tired  in  his  efforts  to  maintain  and  upbuild  that 
organization.  So,  too,  at  the  call  to  arms,  he  was  among  the  first  to  enlist  in  defence  of 
the  Union — his  country.  May,  1861,  Boston  Union  presented  him  with  a  sword,  suitably 
inscribed,  he  having,  been  appointed  Captain  of  Company  C,  Ninth  Regiment,  M.  V.  M. 
Word  was  received  July  12,  1862,  by  Boston  Union,  that  Capt.  Madigan  had  been  killed 
while  leading  his  Company  in  a  battle  before  Richmond.  June,  1863,  Col.  Guiney  of 
the  Ninth  Massachusetts  notified  Boston  Union  of  the  finding  of  Capt.  Madigan's  "Union 
sword,"  and  at  the  July  meeting  of  the  Union  the  sword  was  presented  to  Capt.  Madigan's 
father. 

William  Graham  was  also  one  of  the  Boston  Union  pioneers.  He  deposited  a  Boston 
card  with  Providence  Union  and  worked  for  a  while  in  this  city. 


58  PRINTERS  AND  PRINTING  IN  PROVIDENCE 


September  18,  1857,  the  following  resolution  was  passed : 

"Resolved,  That  our  organization,  not  yet  being  a  subordinate  division  of  the 
National  Typographical  Union,  finds  it  utterly  impossible  to  enforce  and  maintain  the 
principles  for  which  it  was  formed. 

"Resolved,  That  we  consider  it  one  of  our  first  duties  to  use  everj'  means  in  our 
power  to  procure  a  charter  from  that  body,  and  to  the  furtherance  of  that  object  it  is 
therefore  further 

"Resolved,  That  the  corresponding  secretary  of  this  Union  be,  and  hereby  is 
ordered  to  open  a  correspondence  with  the  corresponding  secretary  of  the  National  Union 
in  regard  to  obtaining  a  charter  and  travelling  cards. 

"Resolved,  That  the  correspondence  be  commenced  without  delay. 

"Resolved,  That  a  copy  of  these  resolutions  be  forwarded  to  the  secretary  of  the 
National  Union." 

At  the  October  meeting  the  secretary  stated  that,  in  relation  to  the 
charter,  no  answer  had  been  received  from  the  secretary  of  the  National 
Union.  At  the  November  meeting,  however,  a  letter  from  Baton  Rouge, 
dated  Oct.  2,  1857,  was  received  and  read. 

A  communication  from  Dubuque  Union,  designating  as  a  "  rat "  an 
ex-member  of  that  Union,  was  read  at  the  October  meeting,  and  the 
name  and  title  is  heavily  underlined  in  the  records.  The  "gentleman" 
is  distinguished  as  being  the  first  recorded  "rodent"  on  our  books. 

Immediately  f ollawing  appears  the  name  of  one  of  our  own  towns- 
men, with  a  similar  appellation,  the  title  being  conferred  at  the  same 
meeting. 

A  special  meeting  was  called  November  28, 1857,  to  consider  matters 
in  relation  to  "Subs  "  and  "Subbing,"  and  it  was  voted  that  a  committee 
be  appointed,  one  from  each  office,  to  attend  to  the  wants  of  the  "Subs." 

The  standing  committee  reported  that  a  certain  member  was 
working  for  $6  per  week.  The  accused,  being  present,  and  unable 
to  give  satisfactory  reasons  for  his  conduct,  was  dishonorably  dis- 
charged. 

January  9,  1858,  a  committee  was  appointed  to  take  into  consider- 
ation the  subject  of  "State  Printing"  and  take  such  action  as  they 
deemed  advisable.  At  the  February  meeting  the  committee  reported 
that  it  was  inexpedient  to  take  any  action  at  present.  Committee 
discharged. 

The  necessity  and  propriety  of  a  charter  was  again  discussed  at  the 
February  meeting,  and  the  corresponding  secretary  was  instructed  tc 
forward  to  the  National  Union  the  amount  necessary  to  pay  for  same. 

The  travelling  card  of  F.  A.  Kelly,  issued  by  Boston  Union,  No.  13, 
was  received  at  this  meeting.  This  is  the  first  travelling  card  recorded 
as  deposited,  but  it  is  beHeved  to  have  been  that  of  F.  E.  Kelly,  a  charter 
member  of  Providence  Union. 

March,  1858,  a  communication  was  received  from  L.  Graham,  secre- 
tary of  the  National  Union,  acknowledging  the  receipt  of  $10  forwarded 


HISTORY  OF  PROVIDENCE  TYPOGRAPHICAL  UNION  59 

by  the  corresponding  secretary  and  stating  that  the  charter  would  be  sent 
as  soon  as  practicable.  One  hundred  blank  travelHng  cards  were  also 
received. 

At  the  meeting  held  April  10, 1858,  a  communication  was  received 
from  a  member  stating  that  he  had  been  out  of  work  for  several  months 
and  now  proposed  to  go  to  work  at  a  price  lower  than  that  fixed  by  the 
Union,  and  requesting  that  he  be  permitted  to  withdraw  from  the 
Union.  The  request  was  not  granted.  On  the  other  hand,  the  man 
having  admitted  that  he  intended  to  violate  the  scale,  and  it  being 
stated  that  he  was  actually  at  work  contrary  to  Union  regulations,  it 
was  voted  that  he  be  expelled.  At  the  May  meeting  another  letter  was 
received  from  the  same  gentleman,  stating  that  he  sincerely  regretted 
the  step  he  had  taken;  hoped  that  the  Union  would  overlook  and 
forgive  the  offence  and  again  receive  him  as  a  member,  assuring  his 
former  associates  that  he  would  not  again  transgress,  and  that  he  would 
always  stand  ready  to  honor  their  commands  and  respect  their  laws. 
Admitted  upon  the  payment  of  a  fine  of  $1. 

The  dues  of  a  member  who  had  been  sick  for  some  time  were 
remitted  at  this  meeting. 

A  committee  was  appointed  to  correspond  with  Boston  Union 
relative  to  representation  of  this  Union  at  the  annual  meeting  of  the 
National  Union  to  be  held  at  Chicago,  May,  1858,  and  a  special  meeting 
was  held  April  24  for  the  purpose  of  acting  upon  the  committee's  report. 
In  accordance  with  the  suggestion  of  Boston  Union,  in  its  reply,  Mr.  H. 
W.  Harrington,  who  had  already  been  appointed  a  delegate  from  that 
body,  was  authorized  to  act  in  a  like  capacity  for  Providence  Union. 
It  was  voted  that  $5  be  sent  to  Boston  Union  to  pay  a  portion  of  the 
expenses  of  the  delegate,  the  secretary  of  Boston  Union,  in  his  letter, 
having  suggested  that  amount  as  amply  sufficient.  It  was  also  "  voted 
that  $2  be  sent  to  the  National  Union  as  the  dues  of  this  Union,  although 
the  regular  percentage  would  not  amount  to  that  sum." 

Upon  reaching  Chicago  Mr.  Harrington  evidently  selected  J.  S. 
Thompson  of  that  city  to  represent  Providence ;  that  gentleman's  report 
as  delegate  being  read  and  ordered  placed  on  file  at  the  semi-annual 
meeting,  June  12,  1858,  and  the  following  resolution  adopted: 

"Resolved,  That  the  thanks  of  this  Union  are  due,  and  are  hereby  presented  to 
Mr.  J.  S.  Thompson  of  Chicago  for  the  very  able  manner  in  which  he  represented 
this  Union  as  its  delegate  in  the  late  convention  of  the  National  Typographical  Union, 
and  that  the  corresponding  secretarj^  be  instructed  to  transmit  the  same  with  this 
resolution." 

A  letter  from  Mr.  Harrington  was  also  read  and  ordered  filed. 
New  Orleans  Union  was  having  its  share  of  trouble  at  this  time,  as 
a  list  of  15  expelled  members  was  read  at  this  meeting. 


60  PRINTERS  AND  PRINTING  IN  PROVIDENCE 

The  meeting  of  the  National  Union  evidently  aroused  the  master 
printers  of  Chicago  to  an  effort  to  stem  the  tide  of  unionism  and  reduce 
prices,  as  a  communication  setting  forth  these  facts  and  requesting  the 
usual  courtesies  in  such  cases  was  received  from  Chicago  Union. 

July  10,  1858,  a  committee  was  appointed  to  ascertain  if  a  suitable 
room  could  be  procured  for  the  use  of  the  Union,  and  the  probable  cost 
of  furnishing  and  maintaining  the  same.  At  the  September  meeting 
the  committee  reported  that  a  cheap  and  convenient  room  in  the  Granite 
building  could  be  had  for  $65  per  annum,  and  recommended  that  the 
same  be  immediately  secured.  The  committee  was  directed  to  engage 
the  room  forthwith.  At  the  next  meeting  the  committee  made  a 
lengthy  report,  which  showed  that  a  bonus  of  $15  had  to  be  paid  to 
secure  the  room  because  of  an  offer  of  other  parties  of  that  amount. 
The  expense  for  fittings  amounted  to  $52.07.  It  was  recommended  that 
a  committee  be  appointed,  whose  duty  it  would  be  to  keep  up  all  neces- 
sary supplies  and  see  that  every  article  was  kept  in  a  clean  and  neat 
manner.  It  was  also  recommended  that  a  vote  of  thanks  be  tendered 
N.  Bangs  Williams  for  the  gift  of  a  table  and  picture,  and  resolutions 
to  that  effect  were  adopted.  The  committee  on  the  care  of  the  room 
was  known  as  the  Room  Committee,  and  its  reports  during  the  Union's 
occupancy  of  the  same  are  interesting  reading.  Rules  governing  the  use 
of  the  room  were  adopted  and  rigidly  enforced,  and  all  expenses  care- 
fully itemized.  The  Union  was  notified  previous  to  the  expiration  of 
the  lease  that  the  rent  of  the  room  would  be  increased  to  $125  per 
annum,  and  the  committee  was  instructed  to  look  about  for  a  suitable 
room  for  less  money.  September  10  the  committee  reported  that  a 
room  in  Waterman  block  could  be  had  for  $75  per  annum. 

This  room  was  not  rented,  however,  as  the  October  meeting  was 
held  in  Unity  Hall,  the  committee  stating  that  the  hall  had  been  engaged 
for  that  meeting  only.  Further  the  committee  says :  "  In  accordance 
with  the  decision  of  the  Union  not  to  retain  the  room  lately  occupied  by 
them,  we  have  caused  the  effects  of  the  Society  to  be  removed  and 
stored  in  a  place  of  safety  and  under  the  immediate  supervision  of  the 
President.  The  bracket  upon  which  stood  the  bust  of  Franklin,  and 
the  remainder  of  the  coal  in  the  box  were  disposed  of  and  the  money 
received  transferred  to  the  treasurer."  It  was  also  stated  that  the 
ante-room  to  Brown's  Hall,  sufficiently  large  for  the  use  of  the  Union, 
could  be  obtained,  opened,  warmed  and  Hghted  for  $2  per  night.  The 
committee  was  instructed  to  procure  the  ante-room  for  as  long  a  time 
as  it  deemed  proper.  The  November  meeting  was  held  in  that  room, 
and  the  committee  reported  that  it  had  disposed  of  the  stove  for  $6.00 
and  a  spittoon  for  33  cents. 


N.  THOMAS 


Alexin BELRj 


HISTORY  OF  PROVIDENCE  TYPOGRAPHICAL  UNION  61 

The  resolutions  of  thanks  above  referred  to  was  couched  as  follows : 

"Resolved,   That  the  thanks  of  the  Providence  Typographical  Union  be   hereby 
tendered  to  N.  Bangs  Williams,  Esq.,  for  favors  conferred  upon  it  in  furnishing  its  room." 

To  fully  record  the  doings  of  the  room  committee  would  fill  a  book 
itself,  so  return  will  be  made  to  the  general  story. 

July  10,  1858,  it  was  voted  that  dehnquents  be  notified  that  unless 
their  indebtedness  be  cancelled  forthwith  they  would  be  expelled.  The 
threat  was  made  good  at  the  August  meeting  by  the  expulsion  of  five 
members  for  non-payment  of  dues. 

An  attempt  was  made  at  the  July  meeting  to  raise  the  dues  from 
25  cents  to  50  cents,  but  the  motion  was  negatived. 

The  matter  was  again  considered  at  the  September  meeting.  A 
motion  to  lay  on  the  table  was  lost;  the  main  question  was  then  put 
and  lost  It  was  agreed  that  the  subject  should  be  considered  an  open 
one  that  might  be  taken  up  at  any  future  meeting.  At  the  October 
meeting  the  motion  was  lost,  and  at  the  November  meeting  the  dues 
were  raised  to  35  cents. 

At  the  meeting  held  September  11,  1858,  a  communication  was 
received  from  a  member  notifying  the  Union  that  he  no  longer  wished 
to  be  considered  a  member.  This  proved  to  be  a  "celebrated  case"  long 
drawn  out.  Opinion  was  divided  as  to  the  propriety  of  allowing  a 
member  to  withdraw  while  still  employed  at  the  business,  although  a 
majority  opposed  the  establishment  of  such  a  precedent.  The  argu- 
ments advanced  by  the  opponents  of  such  a  course  were  clearly 
convincing,  but  the  Union  acted  cautiously  in  the  matter.  A  committee 
was  appointed  to  ascertain  the  reason  for  such  action,  and  obtain,  if 
possible,  a  withdrawal  of  the  communication.  The  gentleman,  however, 
refused  to  enlighten  the  committee,  but  later  sent  another  communica- 
tion to  the  Union  setting  forth  as  a  reason  that  he  could  not  obtain  the 
Union  scale,  and  emphasizing  his  right  to  withdraw.  The  committee 
having  the  matter  in  hand  was  instructed  to  reply,  and  the  matter  was 
debated  month  after  month,  when  the  President  of  the  National  Union 
was  appealed  to  for  a  decision.  That  ofl^cial  referred  the  matter  back 
to  the  local  Union  for  "adjudication,"  and  after  notifying  the  gentleman 
of  the  Union's  intended  action  and  receiving  a  reply  threatening  legal 
proceedings,  he  was  expelled  June  11,  1859.  A  motion  to  reconsider  the 
matter  at  the  July,  1859,  meeting  was  indefinitely  postponed. 

The  secretary  was  instructed  to  notify  the  President  of  the  National 
Union  and  all  sister  Unions  of  the  circumstances  of  the  case  and  the 
stand  taken  by  Providence  Union. 

There  seems  to  be  no  doubt  that  Providence  Union  was  first  to 
establish  the  principle  giving  birth  to  the  axiom :   "Once  a  union  man, 


62  PRINTERS  AND  PRINTING  IN  PROVIDENCE 

always  a  union  man."  And  time  has  proved  the  wisdom  of  the  action. 
At  that  time,  Boston  Union  allowed  members  to  withdraw  for  the  sole- 
purpose  of  working  under  the  "scale,"  and  the  reply  of  the  President  of 
the  National  Union  warrants  the  belief  that  like  action  had  not  been 
previously  taken  by  any  Union. 

The  discussion  of  the  application  for  withdrawal  overshadowed  all 
other  business  at  the  meetings  of  November,  December,  January  and 
February,  but  a  vote  passed  at  the  March  meeting  to  proceed  to  the 
election  of  delegates  to  the  National  Union  Convention  seems  to  have 
stemmed  for  a  time  the  flow  of  oratory  on  that  subject.  It  was  voted 
that  the  number  of  delegates  be  two,  with  the  privilege  of  electing  a 
third  at  the  next  meeting. 

For  first  delegate,  the  vote  was  a  tie  on  the  first,  second  and  third 
ballot,  between  Mr,  Massie  and  Mr.  Whelden.  The  President,  not  having 
voted  on  the  first  two  ballots,  cast  his  vote  for  Mr.  Whelden  on  the  third 
and  that  gentleman  was  declared  elected. 

For  second  delegate,  William  Foster,  Jr.,  was  elected  on  the  third 
ballot  by  a  majority  of  two.  At  the  April  meeting  Mr.  Foster  declined 
serving  as  delegate  and  to  fill  the  vacancy  several  ballots  were  taken 
without  a  choice.  A  special  meeting  was  held  April  16  for  the  purpose 
of  electing  a  successor  to  Mr.  Foster  and  to  provide  means  to  defray  the 
expenses  of  the  delegates.  Jabez  Lord  was  elected  as  second  delegate 
and  the  membership  assessed  $1  each,  payable  on  or  before  the  25th  inst. 

A  communication  from  Robert  C.  Smith,  President  of  the  National 
Union,  was  read  at  the  October  meeting,  announcing  the  appointment 
of  Thomas  J.  Walsh  as  secretary  and  treasurer,  vice  George  W.  Smith, 
resigned. 

At  the  regular  meeting  held  April  9, 1859,  the  standing  committee 
reported  adversely  upon  the  application  for  membership  of  an  employing 
printer.    The  report  of  the  committee,  in  part,  says: 

"  Notwithstanding  the  theory  that  every  new  member  adds  strength  to  the  organ- 
ization,* *  *  your  committee  is  of  the  opinion  that  when  this  Union  was  established  it  was 
the  intention  of  its  founders  that  it  should  consist  solely  of  journeymen,  for  whose  benefit 
it  was  created.  They  are  aware  that  this  rule  has  not  been  carried  out;  partly  from 
necessity,  partly  from  choice:  two  members  having  been  journeymen  members  at  the 
time  they  became  employers  and  one  employer  having  been  elected  by  the  requisite  vote. 
Your  committee  also  believe  that  the  presence  of  any  considerable  number  of  employing 
printers  at  the  deliberations  of  the  Society  would  have  a  tendency  to  place  a  check  upon 
the  true  sentiments  of  its  members,  and  it  is  more  than  probable  that  they  might,  at  some 
future  time,  on  any  important  question,  by  the  influence  they  would  have  with  those  in 
their  employ,  hold  the  balance  of  power.  Your  committee  see  no  good  reason  why  any 
more  employers  should  be  admitted  as  members." 

A  motion  that  the  gentleman  be  admitted,  notwithstanding  the 
adverse  report,  was  lost,  the  vote  being  a  tie. 

May  14,  the  standing  committee  submitted  another  unfavorable 
report  upon  the  appHcation  of  a  printer  giving  Boston  as  last  place  of 


HISTORY  OF  PROVIDENCE  TYPOGRAPHICAL  UNION  63 

•employment.  The  action  of  the  committee  in  this  case  was  determined 
hy  a  letter  received  from  A,  W,  Tebbitt,  corresponding  secretary  of 
Boston  Union.    The  application  was  rejected. 

It  was  at  this  meeting  that  resolutions  were  passed  establishing  the 
principle  that  application  for  honorable  withdrawal  of  journeymen  mem- 
bers could  only  be  entertained  from  those  having  retired  from  the 
business. 

The  resolutions  were  the  preliminary  steps  taken  to  settle  a  matter 
that  had  consumed  much  time  and  involved  a  great  amount  of  corre- 
spondence. At  the  meeting  following,  June  11,  1859,  the  incident  was 
closed  by  the  expulsion  of  the  member  making  the  application,  for  non- 
payment of  dues. 

The  corresponding  secretary  was  instructed  to  open  correspondence 
with  the  ''Stick  and  Rule  Club,"  an  organization  of  printers  in  New 
Haven,  Mr.  Whelden  introduced  the  matter  and  appears  to  have  been 
anxious  that  it  should  be  so  recorded. 

At  the  semi-annual  meeting,  Saturday,  June  11, 1859,  the  recording 
secretary,  in  his  report,  congratulates  the  Union  upon  a  recent  triumph 
of  union  principles.  W.  N.  Sherman,  pubhsher  of  the  Pendulum,  the 
report  states,  found  it  impossible  to  carry  on  business  by  "  rat "  power. 
Every  specie  of  the  rodent  had  been  tried,  and  he  had  personally 
declared  them  worthless  and  unreliable.  A  union  men  was  now  em- 
ployed by  Mr.  Sherman,  who  had  stated  that  business  had  never  before 
progressed  so  satisfactorily.  The  secretary  concluded  his  report  as 
follows : 

"Let  prudent  and  wise  counsel  rule  our  deliberations  and  each  one  act  with  an  eye 
sole  and  single  to  the  interests  of  our  organization  and  ere  long  the  banner  of  victory 
shall  float  on  our  battlements." 

Jabez  Lord  was  re-elected  President  at  this  meeting,  but  declined, 
and  Mr.  George  T.  Arnold  was  elected. 

"  Mr.  Lord,  on  retiring  from  the  chair,  made  a  neat  speech,"  say 
the  records,  "  which  was  listened  to  with  interest." 

"  Mr.  Arnold  also  made  a  very  good  off-hand  speech  on  taking  the 
chair,  which  was  applauded  throughout." 

Mr.  Lord,  in  behalf  of  the  delegates  who  represented  the  Union  at 
the  session  of  the  National  Union  held  in  Boston,  offered  about  "  steen 
sticks "  of  resolutions  overflowing  with  appreciation  of  the  treatment 
accorded  the  delegates  by  Boston  Union. 

The  three  employing  printers  who  were  members  of  the  Union 
tendered  their  resignations  at  the  July  meeting,  assigning  as  reasons 
the  report  of  the  standing  committee  in  re  employing  printers  and  the 
Union's  attitude  toward  that  class  as  evidenced  by  the  action  taken  at 


64  PRINTERS  AND  PRINTING  IN  PROVIDENCE 


the  April  meeting.    The  resignations  were  accepted  and  resolutions 
were  passed  explanatory  of  this  action. 

The  President  appointed  as  chairmen  of  the  different  offices  the 
following : 

Nelson  Boyle Daily  Tribune. 

Albert  A.  Scott Daily  Post. 

Jabez  Lord Evening  Press. 

P.  H.  Massie Daily  Journal. 

James  A.  Ward Tribune  Job  Office. 

Stephen  B.  Potter Post  Job  Office. 

Lewis  L.  M.  Arnold Tillinghast's  Job  Office. 

Fears,  imagined  or  real,  for  the  safety  of  the  charter  prompted  the 
presentation  of  the  following : 

"Whereas,  Circumstances  has  led  us  to  believe  that  we  have  enemies  around  us,  and 
that  it  becomes  us  to  use  all  means  to  thwart  their  purposes,  therefore 

"Resolved,  That  the  charter  of  this  Union  shall  be  given  to  the  safe  keeping  of  its 
presiding  officer,  and  by  him,  at  the  expiration  of  his  term  of  office,  shall  be  handed  over 
to  his  successor." 

Amended  by  adding :  "And  he  shall  be  answerable  to  the  Union 
for  its  safe  keeping."    Passed  as  amended. 

While  the  precaution  here  taken  served  the  purpose  of  preventing 
the  actual  theft  of  the  charter,  still  in  1867,  eight  years  later,  when  in- 
quiries were  made  as  to  its  guardian  it  was  traced  to  the  possession  of  an 
expelled  member.    It  was  returned  to  the  Union,  however,  upon  demand. 

Before  placing  the  charter  in  the  hands  of  the  President  for  safe 
keeping  the  recording  secretary  was  instructed  to  have  the  names  of  the 
present  (June,  1859)  active  membersof  the  Union  inscribed  on  the  charter. 

An  item  of  expense  in  the  treasurer's  report  attests  that  the  secre- 
tary attended  to  this  order. 

At  the  semi-annual  meeting,  Dec.  10,  1859,  the  treasurer,  after 
submitting  an  itemized  account  of  receipts  and  expenditures,  remarked  : 
"The  treasurer  is  happy  to  be  able  to  say  that  the  Union,  from  a 
financial  point  of  view,  is  in  a  prosperous  condition.  One  year  ago  to- 
night, at  the  commencement  of  my  duties,  the  sum  total  in  the  treasury 
was  $2.05.  That  sum  has  gradually  increased  to  $41.60,  the  sum  now 
in  my  hands.  I  would  suggest  the  propriety  of  depositing  such  part  of 
this  money  as  the  Union  may  think  proper,  (I  would  recommend  $25,) 
in  some  Savings  Bank,  as  a  foundation  for  a  fund  in  case  of  need." 

Ofliicers  were  elected  and  President  Cooley  appointed  as  chairmen 
of  the  different  offices  the  following : 

George  T.  Arnold       Daily  JournaL 

Albert  A.  Scott Daily  Post. 

(ieorge  H.  Cranston Evening  Press. 

J.  N.  Thomas Journal  Job  Office. 

J.  A.  Ward Post  Job  Office. 

L.  L.  M.  Arnold Tillinghast's  Job  Office. 

M.  W.  Collins A.  C.  Greene's  Job  Office. 


HISTORY  OF  PROVIDENCE  TYPOGRAPHICAL  UNION  65 

It  was  voted  that  the  treasurer  be  instructed  to  deposit  in  his  own 
name,  as  treasurer  of  Providence  Typographical  Union,  the  sum  of  $30 
(thirty  dollars)  in  some  suitable  banking  institution. 

At  the  meeting  January  14,  1860,  there  was  a  general  weeding  out 
of  delinquent  members,  ample  notice  and  sufficient  time  having  been 
given  to  all  to  square  up. 

The  secretary  was  instructed  at  the  February  meeting  to  look  over 
the  records  and  find  a  resolution  in  relation  to  "subbing;"  that  it  be 
read  at  the  next  meeting,  and  that  the  Union  now  abide  by  the  same. 
The  secretary  stated  at  the  March  meeting  that  he  had  searched  the 
records  and  was  unable  to  find  any  resolution  relating  to  "subs"  or 
"subbing." 

The  fact  is  that  while  no  resolution  appears  in  the  minutes  the 
matter  of  "subs"  and  "subbing"  was  discussed  at  the  November  (1857) 
meeting,  as  previously  noted  in  these  pages. 

A  special  meeting  was  called  February  25,  1860,  "  to  take  into  con- 
sideration the  propriety  of  allowing  a  *  rat '  to  work  on  the  Providence 
Daily  Post." 

Upon  the  subject  the  Union  went  into  committee  of  the  whole,  and 
upon  arising,  resolutions  were  adopted  criticising  those  members  who 
had  remained  at  work  after  one  of  their  number  had  resigned  his 
situation  rather  than  work  with  a  "  rat,"  and  hoping  that  their  actions 
in  a  like  case  in  the  future  would  be  such  as  to  merit  confidence  and 
dispel  suspicion. 

March  10,  1860,  the  inquiry  committee  reported,  without  recom- 
mendation, the  application  for  membership  of  a  journeyman  pressman, 
and  upon  motion  the  question  of  admitting  the  applicant  was  indefinitely 
postponed. 

Action  was  based  upon  the  resolution  previously  adopted  in  regard 
to  pressmen. 

It  was  voted  that  hereafter  the  secretary  be  required  to  only  notify 
the  chairmen  of  the  different  offices  of  the  time  of  holding  regular 
meetings,  instead  of  sending  printed  notices  to  individual  members,  and 
to  act  according  to  his  own  discretion  in  regard  to  special  meetings. 

A  special  committee  appointed  at  this  meeting,  to  ascertain  whether 
the  means  could  be  obtained  to  send  a  delegate  to  Nashville,  made  a 
lengthy  report  at  the  April  meeting,  which  showed  that  $59  had  been 
raised  by  subscription.  It  further  stated  that  from_  reliable  information 
it  was  believed  that  the  expenses  of  a  delegate  would  amount  to  $100. 
The  amount  subscribed  not  being  in  itself  sufficient,  three  ways  were 
suggested  to  meet  the  emergency: 


66  PRINTERS  AND  PRINTING  IN  PROVIDENCE 


"1st.  To  assess  each  member  an  amount  sufficient  to  pay  the  whole  expense  and 
return  the  money  already  subscribed. 

"2d.  To  draw  from  the  treasury  an  amount  which,  added  to  that  subscribed,  would 
equal  the  amount  desired. 

"3d.  To  elect  some  member  as  delegate  who  stands  fair  before  the  Union,  who  will 
accept  the  amount  subscribed  as  an  equivalent  for  the  expense  of  his  journey,  loss  of 
time,  etc.,  if  such  member  can  be  found." 

The  committee  did  not,  however,  approve  of  drawing  upon  the 
treasury. 

After  a  thorough  discussion  of  the  matter  the  committee  was  ordered 
to  refund  to  the  subscribers  the  money  collected,  and  the  question  of 
electing  a  delegate  was  indefinitely  postponed. 

A  resolution  reducing  the  monthly  dues  to  25  cents  was  laid  on  the 
table,  and  the  following  resolution  was  laid  over  until  the  next  meeting 
and  at  that  meeting  indefinitely  postponed. 

"Resolved,   That  on  and  after the  Providence  Typographical  Union  claims 

no  jurisdiction  over  book  and  job  printers." 

The  semi-annual  report  of  the  treasurer,  June  9, 1860,  showed  a 
balance  in  the  treasury  of  $73.55. 

July  14  the  corresponding  secretary  read  a  prospectus  for  reprinting 
the  records  of  the  National  Typographical  Union  from  its  formation  to 
that  time.  It  was  voted  "that  the  Union  approve  of  the  undertaking 
and  recommend  the  work  to  the  members  of  the  craft." 

An  honorary  list  was  established  at  this  meeting  by  the  adoption 
of  the  following : 

"  Whereas,  Members  of  Providence  Typographical  Union  having  ceased  active  con- 
nection with  the  business,  but  still  desiring  to  maintain  their  connection  with  the  society, 
and  as  it  is  for  the  interest  of  this  Union  to  retain  the  good  wishes  and  sympathy  of  all 
members  of  the  craft,  therefore, 

"Resolved,  That  such  members  desiring  to  continue  their  connection  with  the 
Union  be,  and  they  are  hereby  constituted  honorary  members." 

It  was  evidently  a  hard  proposition  to  maintain  the  "  scale  "  in  the 
book  and  job  offices  during  these  times.  Time  and  again  reports  were 
made  by  chairmen  that  different  members  were  suspected  of  working 
under  price,  but  investigation  usually  failed  to  prove  the  charges  because 
the  members'  own  word  was  about  the  only  evidence  available,  and  but 
two  members  so  charged  pleaded  guilty.  This  condition  of  affairs  prob- 
ably prompted  the  submission  of  the  resolution  relinquishing  control  of 
book  and  job  printers  at  a  former  meeting,  and  may  have  been  responsible 
also  for  the  following,  offered  at  the  September  meeting : 

"  Resolved,  That  Union  men  be  allowed  to  work  in  job  offices,  provided  they  shall 
not  work  for  a  less  sum  than  eight  dollars  per  week." 

The  resolution  was  indefinitely  postponed. 

At  this  same  meeting  (September  8,  I860,)  the  chairman  of  the  Daily 
Post  in  his  report,  revealed  a  condition  in  that  office  inimical  to  estab- 
lished Union  principles.    He  stated  that  the  "  ads  "  were  being  set  in  the 


HISTORY  OF  PROVIDENCE  TYPOGRAPHICAL  UNION  67 


Post  job  office,  and  wished  to  know  what  action  the  chapel  should  take 
in  the  matter. 

A  Hvely  discussion  was  precipitated  by  the  announcement,  and  a 
motion  that  the  Union  go  into  committee  of  the  whole  was  carried. 

After  arising  the  following  resolution  was  adopted : 

"Resolved,  That  the  hands  in  the  Post  newspaper  office  refuse  to  work  any  longer 
unless  the  advertisements  be  restored  to  that  office,  and  that  Mr. be  ordered  to  discon- 
tinue work  on  the  same;  and  if  their  request  is  not  acceded  to,  they  shall  all  strike." 

It  is  believed  the  strike  was  inaugurated  Monday,  September  10, 1860, 
for  the  reason  that  a  special  meeting  was  called  Tuesday,  September  11, 
to  consider  the  matter.  It  was  voted  at  this  meeting  to  go  into  committee 
of  the  whole  and  to  allow  Mr.  Webster,  editor  of  the  Post,  to  take  part 
in  the  proceedings.  After  a  lengthy  discussion,  participated  in  by  Mr. 
Webster  and  several  of  the  members,  the  committee  arose.  Previous 
to  withdrawing,  Mr.  Webster  stated  that  Mr.  Simons  was  perfectly 
willing  to  pay  28  cents  per  1000  ems  for  the  ads,  provided  the  regular 
hands  were  able  to  set  the  matter. 

This  statement  resulted  in  the  appointment  of  a  committee  to  confer 
with  the  publishers  of  the  Post,  and  they  reported  at  a  special  meeting 
held  September  16,  that  the  only  hitch  in  a  settlement  of  the  difficulty  was 
the  refusal  of  the  publishers  to  re-employ  two  of  the  members  who  had 
participated  in  the  strike. 

The  Union  then  refused  to  consider  a  settlement  under  any  condition 
except  the  return  of  every  man  involved,  and  another  meeting  was 
called  for  September  17.  Little  can  be  gleaned  from  the  minutes  of  that 
date  as  to  the  status  of  the  strike.  Charges  which  had  been  preferred  at 
the  previous  meeting  against  the  foreman  of  the  Post  job  office  were 
at  this  meeting  sustained,  although  the  accused  submitted  the  opinion 
of  Mr.  Madigan,  a  vice-president  of  the  National  Union,  that  such  action 
could  not  be  taken  by  a  local  Union  for  the  reasons  assigned. 

The  vice-president  tendered  his  resignation  at  this  meeting  and 
travelHng  cards  were  granted  to  Messrs.  Lord,  Barbour  and  Kelly. 

Evidence  that  the  strike  had  been  adjusted  is  found  in  the  minutes 
of  October  13,  by  the  appointment  of  Mr.  Willcox  as  chairman  of  the 
Post  for  the  remainder  of  the  term. 

That  proved  to  be  the  last  echo  of  the  first  strike  authorized  by 
Providence  Typographical  Union  and,  as  far  as  can  be  determined 
from  the  books,  the  Union  was  the  victor. 

February  9,  1861,  it  was  moved  that  the  recording  secretary  be 
authorized  to  purchase  a  new  record  book,  the  expense  not  to  exceed 
one  dollar  and  a  half. 

The  records  state  that  there  was  some  debate  on  the  subject,  in 
which  Messrs.  Whelden,  G.  T.  Arnold,  Massie,  G.  H.  Cranston  and 
Willcox  participated.    The  motion  was  finally  adopted. 


68  PRINTERS  AND  PRINTING  IN  PROVIDENCE 

At  the  meeting  held  March  9,  1861,  a  proposition  to  send  two  dele- 
gates to  the  National  Union  convention  was  carried,  and  it  was  voted 
that  the  election  be  held  at  the  next  regular  meeting.  At  the  April 
meeting  the  President  read  the  circular  of  the  National  Union  President 
in  regard  to  the  convention,  and  the  election  of  the  delegates  was  taken 
up.  For  first  delegate  there  were  six  candidates.  Israel  Amsbury 
received  a  majority  of  the  votes  on  the  first  ballot  and  he  was  declared 
elected.  After  the  first  ballot,  with  no  choice  for  second  delegate,  it  was 
voted  that,  providing  there  was  no  choice  after  three  ballots  had  been 
taken,  all  candidates  but  the  two  standing  the  highest  on  that  ballot  be 
withdrawn.  There  were  six  candidates  on  the  first  ballot  and  seven 
candidates  on  the  second  ballot.-  Peter  A.  McDonald  received  a  majority 
on  the  third  ballot  and,  on  motion,  was  declared  the  unanimous  choice. 
May  11  the  President  announced  that  the  session  of  the  National  Union 
had  been  postponed  without  day.  It  was  voted  to  reimburse  the  Pres- 
ident for  the  expense  of  telegraphing  in  regard  to  the  meeting. 

Nothing  of  importance  transpired  for  several  months,  in  fact  nothing 
but  matters  of  a  routine  nature  is  recorded  for  a  full  year,  when  in 
April,  1862,  the  corresponding  secretary  read  a  letter  from  the  President 
of  the  National  Union  in  relation  to  the  session  of  that  body,  which  he 
had  called  to  assemble  in  New  York  on  the  first  Monday  in  May.  There 
was  also  read  at  the  same  meeting  a  letter  from  the  New  York  Union 
(the  "Famous  Circular")  discouraging  a  meeting  of  the  National  Union 
at  that  time  and  citing  reasons  for  its  opposition. 

It  was  voted  that  in  event  of  the  session  being  held,  the  delegates 
elected  to  represent  Providence  at  the  session  which  had  been  postponed 
be  authorized  to  act  at  the  coming  session. 

A  special  meeting  was  held  April  26,  to  take  further  action  in  regard 
to  representation  at  the  convention.  The  delegates  were  "instructed  to 
urge  that  the  per  capita  tax  of  25  cents  per  member  is  due  for  one  year 
only,"  and  to  inquire  into  the  expediency  of  biennial  sessions  of  that  body. 

At  the  May  meeting  a  committee  was  appointed  to  receive  and 
entertain  the  Boston  delegates  returning  to  their  homes  from  the  con- 
vention, providing  stop  was  made  at  this  city. 

The  delegates  to  the  National  Convention  made  report  at  the  June 
meeting  as  follows : 
"To  THE  Officers  and  Members  of  the  Providence  Typographical  Union: 

"Gentlemen — Your  delegates  appointed  to  represent  this  Union  in  the  National 
Typographical  Union  at  its  Tenth  Session  holden  in  New  York,  in  May,  1862,  beg  leave 
respectfully  to  submit  the  following  as  their  report: 

"The  National  Convention  met  in  the  Council  Chamber  of  the  City  Hall  on  Monday, 
May  5th,  at  10  o'clock.  The  delegates  were  called  to  order  at  about  11  o'clock  by  Pres- 
ident Farquhar,  who  made  a  brief  address  congratulating  the  convention  on  so  large  a 
representation  in  these  troublesome  times,  and  expressed  the  hope  that  at  the  next  annual 


HISTORY   OF  PROVIDENCE  TYPOGRAPHICAL  UNION  69 


meeting  he  would  see  all  the  Unions — North  and  South — represented.  He  regretted  in 
strong  terms  the  occurrence  of  events  which  have  interrupted  its  harmony  and  deliber- 
ations the  past  year. 

"Sam  Slawson  of  St.  Louis,  Corote  of  New  York,  and  John  Gorman  of  Boston,  were 
appointed  a  committee  on  credentials,  who  subsequently  reported  thirty-three  delegates 
from  nineteen  Unions  in  attendance, 

"Sam  Slawson  rose  to  a  question  of  privilege.  He  wished  the  President  to  decide 
whether  any  delegate  could  vote,  if  objections  were  taken,  if  the  Union  he  represented 
had  not  paid  but  one  year's  per  capita  tax.  The  President  declined  to  decide  this  question 
and  referred  it  to  the  convention  for  action.  This  elicited  a  sharp  discussion.  It  was, 
however,  finally  decided,  by  a  vote  of  22  to  6,  that  the  per  capita  tax  for  1862  must  be 
paid  and  that  for  1861  remitted. 

"On  Tuesday  the  election  of  officers  for  the  year  ensuing  took  place  with  the 
following  result: 

"President — John  M.  Farquhar  of  Chicago;  First  Vice-President — William  A.  Mont- 
gomery of  Boston;  Second  Vice-President — J.  H.  Walker  of  Chicago;  Secretary  and 
Treasurer — Thomas  J.Walsh  of  New  York;  Corresponding  Secretary — Theodore  Nagle 
of  St.  Louis. 

"The  report  of  the  Secretary  and  Treasurer  was  submitted  and  read  by  Mr.  Walsh. 
It  states  the  receipts  of  the  National  Union  to  have  been  for  the  past  two  years,  ( the 
session  of  1861  having  been  omitted,)  $662.87;  the  expenditures,  $598.33;  the  balance  on 
hand  May  30,  1862,  $74.54.  It  further  states  that  the  Troy  ( N.  Y. )  Union  disbanded 
on  the  eighth  of  February,  1862,  finding  that  the  pressure  of  the  times  made  the  purpose 
of  their  organization  impracticable.  A  large  amount  of  correspondence  had  passed  between 
the  National  Union  and  the  subordinates,  chiefly  growing  out  of  the  national  difficulties, 
of  an  unhappy  but  now  uninteresting  character.  Letters  to  similar  organizations  in  the 
British  Provinces,  proposing  co-operation  with  this  National  Union,  had  been  sent  but  no 
answers  as  yet  had  been  received.  On  the  Canadian  frontier  our  subordinate  Unions  had 
exchanged  fraternal  intercourse  with  those  of  Canada,  where  their  principles  were  nearly 
the  same,  but  no  general  arrangement  of  exchange  had  been  made. 

"At  the  commencement  of  the  afternoon  session,  a  long  and  protracted  discussion 
ensued  on  a  proposition  of  Mr.  Slawson  of  St.  Louis,  to  have  the  name  of  George  McKay 
Luken  placed  on  the  roll  of  permanent  membership  of  the  National  Union.  It  appeared 
that  he  belongs  in  Memphis,  Tenn.,  and  that  he  was  the  last  authorized  delegate  from 
the  subordinate  Union  there  in  1861,  and  was  prevented  from  taking  his  seat  by  the  post- 
ponement of  the  National  session  of  that  year.  Mr.  Slawson  said  he  intended  it  merely 
as  a  compliment  to  the  gentleman  named  without  claiming  it  as  a  right.  Mr.  Walker  of 
Detroit  wished  to  ascertain  whether  Mr.  Luken  was  loyal  to  the  government  of  the  United 
States  before  he  was  compelled  to  vote  on  the  proposition.  On  this  point  an  animated 
discussion  ensued.  The  prevailing  sentiment,  however,  was  that  they  had  better  avoid 
all  description  of  sectional  difficulties.  The  name  was  ordered  on  the  roll  by  a  vote  of 
19  for  and  8  against. 

"  On  Wednesday  morning.  President  Farquhar  presented  his  annual  report.  It  was 
a  very  able  document,  reviewing  the  growth  and  prosperity  of  the  National  organ- 
ization from  the  commencement  to  the  present  time,  and  embracing  all  the  points  of 
interest  that  had  come  under  his  observation  respecting  the  subordinate  Unions.  He  had 
granted  charters  for  several  new  Unions,  and  represented  most  of  the  Unions  in  the  loyal 
States  in  a  healthy  condition.  He  animadverted  in  severe  terms  on  the  course  taken  by 
the  officers  of  this  body  on  the  postponement  of  the  National  session  last  year,  and 
censured  the  course  taken  by  the  New  York  Union  in  issuing  its  famous  circular  and 
endeavoring  to  postpone  the  present  session.  These  points  he  handled  with  boldness, 
and  expressed  his  opinions  with  characteristic  independence. 

"  This  report  was  referred  to  a  special  committee. 

"The  President  announced  the  standing  committees.  Providence  Union  was  rep- 
resented— one  on  the  'committee  on  appeals,'  and  one  on  the  'committee  on  unfinished 
business.' 

"The  special  committee  on  the  'President's  Annual  Report'  reported  a  resolution 
censuring  the  officers  of  the  National  Union  of  1861  for  postponing  the  session  of  that 
year,  stating  that  their  action  was  'unnecessary  and  ill-advised.' 

"This  resolution  met  with  violent  opposition,  and  occupied  most  of  the  day  in  its 
discussion.  The  New  York  delegates  showed  most  conclusively  that  it  was  not  only 
necessary  but  eminently  proper  to  postpone,  as  the  city  was  in  an  uproar  on  account  of 


70  PRINTERS  AND   PRINTING  IN   PROVIDENCE 


the  rebellion — that  the  streets  were  full  of  soldiers  recruiting  and  departing  for  the 
war — that  business  of  all  kinds  was  suspended — and  that  the  convention  would,  most 
probably,  have  been  mobbed  had  a  Southern  delegate  with  Southern  sentiments  been 
present,  such  was  the  excited  state  of  the  public  mind.  The  objectionable  features  of  the 
resolution  were  stricken  out  and  the  resolution  adopted  by  a  large  vote. 

"The  committee  on  unfinished  business  reported  a  resolution  which  was  laid  over 
from  1860,  recommending  the  per  capita  tax  of  25  cents  be  reduced  to  10  cents  on 
ever)^  member  without  regard  to  his  standing.  This  resolution  drew  forth  a  lengthy 
discussion.  It  was  contended  that  a  small  tax  on  every  member,  instead  of  a  larger  one 
on  those  only  who  were  in  good  standing,  would  be  more  equal  and  practical  in  its  results. 
An  effort  was  made  to  go  back  to  the  old  system  of  per  cent,  on  the  receipts.  This  propo- 
sition met  with  opposition  on  the  ground  of  inequality,  as  St.  Louis  and  other  Western 
Unions  paid  50  cents  per  month,  while  Philadelphia  and  some  other  Unions  paid  onl}' 
10  cents  per  month, 

"The  resolution  was  finally  laid  over  until  the  next  sessicn  of  the  National  Union, 
owing  to  the  low  state  of  its  finances. 

"On  Thursday  we  held  but  one  session,  as  the  City  Council  met  in  the  afternoon 
in  the  chamber  where  we  held  our  meeting. 

"Several  resolutions  were  offered  and  adopted,  in  reference  to  the  practical  workings 
of  the  craft. 

"One,  offered  by  Mr.  Adams,  abolishing,  as  far  as  practicable,  departments  in  offices. 

"Another,  offered  by  Mr.  Nagle,  recommending  that  the  Union  located  nearest  to  a 
town  having  no  Union,  but  employing  ten  journeymen  printers,  to  enter  into  a  corre- 
spondence with  said  journeymen  in  reference  to  the  establishment  of  a  Union  with  them. 

"Another,  recommending  that  apprentices  be  admitted  to  Unions  on  the  fifth  or  last 
year  of  their  apprenticeship — without  being  taxed,  or  the  privilege  of  voting.  This  last 
met  with  opposition  as  some  offices  discarded  apprentices  altogether. 

"Friday's  proceedings  were  mostly  of  a  general  character. 

"Daniel  W.  Flynn  offered  a  resolution  giving  the  President  discretionary  power  in 
assembling  the  National  Union.     Laid  over  to  the  next  session. 

"Your  delegate  offered  a  resolution,  which  was  laid  over,  altering  the  Constitution  so 
that  there  shall  be  a  biennial  session  instead  of  a  yearly  one. 

"Ex-President  Smith  offered  a  resolution,  which  was  adopted,  condemning  the  practice 
of  giving  banquets  and  other  entertainments  to  the  National  Union  as  detrimental  to 
the  best  interests  of  the  organization.  It  was  stated  that  when  the  National  Union  met 
at  New  Orleans,  the  Union  there  spent  $1,500  in  entertaining  the  National  body,  con- 
sisting of  thirteen  delegates;  and  the  New  York  Union  had  raised  and  appropriated 
$7,000  for  the  same  purpose  last  year  had  the  convention  been  held. 

"Only  one  case  was  referred  to  the  committee  on  appeals.  This  was  presented  by 
Mr.  Nagle  of  St.  Louis.  A  member  from  the  Nashville  Union  presented  a  card  from  that 
Union  to  the  St.  Louis  Union,  headed  'Confederate  States  of  America,'  and  without  the 
official  signatures  of  the  President  or  Secretary  of  the  National  Typographical  Union. 
The  President  of  the  St.  Louis  Union^Mr.  S.'Slawson— refused  to  receive  it.  On  this 
decision  the  member  from  Nashville  appealed,  stating  that  this  was  the  only  card  he  could 
procure,  and  claiming  that  it  was  sufficient  evidence  that  he  was  a  Union  member  in  good 
standing  where  he  last  worked. 

"The  committee  on  appeals  recommended  that  the  decision  of  the  President  of  the 
St.  Louis  Union  be  sustained,  which  recommendation  was  unanimously  adopted  after 
a  debate. 

"Cleveland,  Ohio,  was  selected  as  the  place  for  holding  the  next  session.  The  vote 
on  the  second  ballot  was  nearly  divided  between  that  place  and  Detroit.  St.  Louis  was 
preferred  by  many,  but  her  delegates  thought  it  too  soon  to  hold  a  session  there.  They 
preferred  to  wait  until  the  Southern  Unions  were  in  a  position  to  return  to  the  National 
body. 

"The  name  of  J.  S.  Thompson  was  added  to  the  roll  of  'Permanent  Members'  as  a 
representative  from  Providence  Union,  No.  33. 

''A  vote  was  passed  authorizing  the  secretary  to  print  1500  copies  of  the  proceedings 
of  this  convention  and  circulate  them  among  the  various  Unions. 

"A  committee  was  appointed  who  subsequently  reported  resolutions  appreciative  of 
the  sentiments  of  the  convention  toward  the  New  York  Union  and  citizens  for  the 
numerous  courte.sies  extended  to  them. 

"In  presenting  the  above,  your  delegates  have  only  touched  upon  some  of  the  most 
important  points  that  were  brought  before  the  convention  for  consideration.     Thev  would 


HISTORY  OF  PROVIDENCE  TYPOGRAPHICAL  UNION  71 


refer  you  to  the  official  minutes,  when  published,  for  a  more  detailed  account  of  its 
deliberations. 

"There  were  many  gratifying  incidents  connected  with  our  visit  to  the  Island  City, 
and  our  social  intercourse  with  the  members  of  the  New  York  Union.  The  ride  to  Central 
Park  and  High  Bridge,  on  Sunday— the  visit  to  the  Brooklyn  Navy  Yard  and  the  receiving 
ship  North  Carolina — the  moral  and  instructive  lessons  we  learned  in  examining  the 
different  corrective  institutions  and  hospitals  on  Blackwell's  Island— the  intellectual  and 
musical  treat  at  the  rooms  of  the  Franklin  Typographical  Society — the  patriotic  and 
cheering  address  of  Hon.  Horace  Greeley  and  others  on  that  occasion — the  ride  out  to, 
and  the  feast  and  social  festivities  at  Bay  View  on  Long  Island — the  dramatic  entertain- 
ments at  Niblo's  Winter  Gardens,  and  other  theatres.  These,  and  numerous  other  civilities, 
we  can  appreciate,  but  words  entirely  fail  to  express  the  feelings  of  our  grateful  hearts 
toward  our  New  York  brethren  for  so  many  distinguished  attentions  shown  us,  and  their 
unceasing  efforts  to  make  our  leisure  hours  pleasant.  A  complete  overflow  of  all  the 
elements  of  kindness  were  showered  upon  us.  Their  magnanimity  of  soul  and  generosity 
of  feeling  were  unbounded. 

"  Your  delegates  would  also  here  take  occasion  to  express  their  heartfelt  thanks  to 
their  brother  members  of  Providence  Union  for  the  honor  conferred  upon  them  in  being 
privileged  to  represent  their  cause  in  so  honorable  and  intelligent  a  body.  The  generous 
confidence  you  thus  reposed  in  us  we  shall  cherish  as  long  as  we  have  an  existence.  To 
each  individual  member  of  this  Union  we  extend  the  salutation  of  fraternal  peace,  pros- 
perity and  happiness;  and,  in  conclusion,  we  say,  in  the  language  of  another — 'Surely, 
your  God  is  our  God — your  faith  our  faith — your  joy  our  joy — your  prosperity  our  satis- 
faction.' Then  let  us  unitedly  work  together  for  the  preservation  and  perpetuity  of  a 
common  inheritance.  It  may  be,  thereby  we  can  maintain  the  position  which  other  and 
older  Unions  hold  in  helping  forward  the  great  objects  for  which  we  are  organized. 

"Respectfully  yours, 
"I.  Amsbury, 
"P.  A.  McDonald." 

Several  members  of  the  Union  who  had  enhsted  without  taking  the 
steps  necessary  to  obviate  the  accumulation  of  dues  and  consequent 
expulsion  were  protected  by  the  passage  of  the  following  resolution  at 
the  meeting  of  October  11,  1862 : 

"Resolved,  That  the  dues  of  all  members  who  are  in  the  service  of  the  United  States 
be  remitted  until  their  safe  return." 

February  14,  1863,  Mr.  Massie  offered  the  following: 

"Whereas,  Mr.  Charles  W.  Felt,  now  of  this  city,  has  manifested  a  desire  to  come 
before  this  Union  and  give  a  lecture  upon  his  system  of  'combination  type,'  therefore, 

"Resolved,  That  this  Union  cordially  invite  Mr.  Felt,  et  als.,  to  come  before  this 
Union  and  deliver  a  lecture  on  the  subject  of  'combination  type'  and  the  benefits  to  be 
derived  therefrom,  on  Saturday,  February  28." 

Had  Mr.  Massie  been  more  discreet  in  the  phrasing  of  his  resolution 
chances  are  that  favorable  action  would  have  been  taken.  One  super- 
fluous word  in  the  resolved  paragraph  offended  the  fine  feelings  of 
Mr.  Lord,  giving  as  he  thought,  a  patronizing  aspect  to  the  affair,  and 
to  that  he  objected.  He  moved  to  amend  by  striking  out  the  word 
"cordially."  The  discussion  thereby  started  consumed  time  and  ended 
in  the  indefinite  postponement  of  the  resolution. 

Just  what  combination  type  was  cannot  be  stated,  but  is  supposed 
to  have  been  "logotypes"  of  words  most  frequently  used. 

March  14  the  secretary  was  instructed  to  notify  members  that  an 
election  for  delegate  would  be  held  at  the  next  meeting. 


72  PRINTERS  AND  PRINTING  IN   PROVIDENCE 

A  committee  was  appointed  to  revise  the  "  Scale  of  Prices,"  and 
instructed  to  draw  up  a  schedule  similar  to  that  of  the  Boston  Union,  a 
copy  of  which  was  submitted.  In  its  report  the  committee  explained 
the  changes  from  the  existing  rates  as  follows : 

"On  morning  papers  the  advance  is  from  28  cents  to  30  cents,  two  cents  behind  our 
sister  Union  of  Boston;  evening  papers  in  the  same  ratio,  25  cents  to  27  cents,  which  is 
three  cents  less  than  Boston  rates ;  weekly  work  on  morning  papers  has  been  increased 
two  dollars  per  week,  but  the  ratio  has  been  preserved  by  making  the  hours  of  labor 
twelve  hours  per  day;  evening  newspaper  work,  done  by  the  week  or  hour,  to  be  governed 
by  the  hours  and  prices  of  job  work.  In  the  book  and  job  scale  the  price  of  labor  per  week 
has  been  put  up  one  dollar,  making  it  read  $11,  instead  of  $10  per  week,  hour  work  from 
17  and  20  cents  to  20  and  25  cents  for  day  and  over  work.  Book  work  by  the  piece 
27  cents." 

To  the  foregoing  the  committee  added : 

"Your  committee  hopes  the  Union  will  give  this  matter,  which  interests  vitally,  not 
only  the  members  now,  but  all  who  may  come  on  the  stage  hereafter,  grave  and  careful 
consideration.  Attention  is  called  to  the  fact  that  all  classes  of  the  laboring  or  producing 
population  are  demanding  and  receiving  an  increase  of  wages.*  *  *  They  would  also  impress 
on  the  Union  the  necessity  of  united  action  as  the  only  means  of  securing  this  very  desir- 
able object.  It  is  the  only  course.  Therefore,  we  urge  upon  the  members  to  express 
themselves;  express  their  ideas  freely,  calmly,  and  to  the  point,  so  that  there  will  be  no 
uncertainty  as  to  the  means  and  as  to  the  result." 

Upon  motion  a  committee  of  nine  (six  appointed  by  the  chair  and 
three  elected  from  the  floor)  was  instructed  to  draft  a  memorial  for 
presentation  to  employers.  Messrs.  Massie,  Whelden,  McDonald,  Lord, 
Potter,  Amsbury,  G.  T.  Arnold,  Thompson  and  Barbour  comprised  the 
committee. 

May  9,  1863,  the  committee  submitted  the  following  as  the  result 
of  their  labors  and  the  same  was  accepted : 

"Gentlemen — Under  existing  circumstances,  produced  by  this  rebellion,  which  has 
so  reduced  the  value  of  the  currency  of  this  country,  enhanced  the  price  of  even,-  article 
of  necessity  in  life,  and  which  has  caused  a  proportionate  advance  in  the  rates  of  all  other 
kinds  of  labor,  your  employes,  in  justice  to  themselves,  respectfully  ask  an  advance  in  the 
price  of  their  labor.  They  would  ask  you  to  compare  the  wages  of  the  printer  with  those 
of  any  other  mechanic — even  the  laborer  upon  the  wharf  receiving  25  cents  per  hour — 
feeling  confident  you  will  find  none  requiring  the  same  amount  of  brain  who  is  so  inad- 
equately compensated. 

"In  thus  calling  your  attention  to  this  subject  they  profess  to  be  actuated  only  by 
motives  of  necessity,  past  and  present  experience  being  their  prompter.  They  consider  it 
unnecessary  here  to  enter  into  a  detailed  account  of  the  many  obstacles  which  they  are  called 
upon,  from  time  to  time,  to  surmount  with  the  present  inadequate  return  for  their  labor, 
feeling  confident  that  their  employers,  after  having  their  attention  called  to  the  subject, 
will  readily  and  cheerfully  admit  the  fairness  and  justice  of  it. 

"If  any  argument  were  necessary,  they  deem  it  sufficient  simply  to  point  to  the  fact 
that  in  Boston  and  New  York,  and  elsewhere,  where  the  prices  of  labor  among  their  craft 
have  always  been  over  ten  per  cent,  more  than  in  Providence,  and  where,  within  a  few 
months,  they  have  again  been  advanced  in  a  like  ratio,  and  that,  too,  in  cities  where  the 
necessaries  of  life  are  at  least  ten  per  cent,  less  than  they  are  in  this  city.  And  this 
increase  is  not  confined  to  printers  alone.  Nearly  every,  if  not  all  branches  of  business 
have  found  it  necessary  to  advance  the  reward  of  labor.  In  some  instances  it  has  been 
given  without  asking,  and  in  others  simply  by  asking. 

"With  these  facts  staring  them  in  the  face,  and  experience  convincing  them  that 
their  compensation  must  be  increased  or  their  troubles  aggravated,  they  feel  that  they 
are  doing  no  more  than  they  should  expect  were  they  in  your  position  under  like  circum- 
stances. 


HISTORY  OF  PROVIDENCE  TYPOGRAPHICAL  UNION  73 


"As  members  of  the  Providence  Typographical  Union,  an  institution  that  has  labored 
for  the  past  six  years  to  bring  the  trade  to  perfection  in  this  city,  they  are  aware  that  it 
may  become  necessary  for  you,  in  granting  their  request,  to  make  a  proportionate  advance 
in  your  own  rates  of  subscription,  advertising  and  jobbing.  Under  these  circumstances, 
knowing  that  the  interests  of  the  employer  and  employe  are  indentical,  they  are  ready 
and  most  willing  to  co-operate  with  you  in  any  manner  which  you  may  deem  best  to 
secure  this  end. 

"Trusting  that  the  above  suggestions  will  meet  with  your  approval,  which  you  will 
please  make  known  at  the  end  of  this  financial  week,  they  remain, 

"Most  respectfully, 

(Employes'  signatures.) 
"For  the  committee 
"P.  A.  McDonald,  Secretary."  "P.  H.  Massie,  Chairman." 

It  was  voted  to  head  the  memorial  "To  our  Employers,"  the  same 
to  be  presented  to  the  proprietors  of  the  different  offices  by  the  chair- 
men thereof,  together  with  those  portions  of  the  "Scale"  apphcable  to 
each.  The  date  and  hour  for  presentation  was  fixed  for  Monday,  May  11, 
between  the  hours  of  12  and  1  o'clock.  The  meeting  then  adjourned  to 
meet  again  May  16,  at  5:30  P.  M. 

This  meeting  was  called  to  order  at  the  appointed  time,  and  the 
following  communications  in  reply  to  the  memorial  were  read: 

"  Office  of  the  Evening  Press, 
"No.  16  Weybosset  street, 
"Providence,  May  11,  1863. 
"Gentlemen — Your  communication  of  this  date  asking  an  increase  of  the  rates  of 
compensation  has  been  received  and  considered.     The  subject  to  which  it  relates  has  had 
our  consideration  previously,  as  we  are  not  unmindful  of  the  just  claims  of  our  employes, 
and  are  not  insensible  to  the  reasons  why  they  should  receive  higher  prices  for  their  labor 
than  have  been  paid  heretofore. 

"  Situated  as  we  have  been  since  the  very  serious  rise  in  the  price  of  paper,  accom- 
panied by  heavier  expenses  of  publication  in  other  respects,  we  cannot  really  afford  to  add 
anything  to  the  rates  now  paid  you. 

"But  we  do  not  think  of  refusing  your  very  reasonable  request.  We  may  have  to 
retrench  in  the  amount  of  work  done,  but  shall  cheerfully  agree  to  give  the  new  prices 
for  whatever  work  is  still  to  be  done. 

"We  are  not  without  hope,  however,  that  business  affairs  will  take  such  a  turn  that 
we  may  be  able  to  meet  the  increased  expense  without  diminishing  the  amount  of  labor 
performed  in  our  establishment. 

"With  continued  wishes  for  the  prosperity  and  happiness  of  each  and  all  of  you,  we 
are,  gentlemen, 

"  Yours  very  truly, 

"Cooke,  Jackson  &  Co." 

The  above  letter  was  addressed  to  the  members  of  the  Press  chapel 
and  submitted  to  the  Union  by  the  chairman  of  that  office.  The  docu- 
ment was  ordered  to  be  placed  on  file. 

Mr.  Scott,  chairman  of  the  office  of  the  Post,  made  report  as  follows, 
which  was  accepted  and  ordered  filed : 
"To  Providence  Typographical  Union: 

"Gentlemen — I  have  the  pleasure  of  reporting,  on  behalf  of  the  office  of  the  Provi- 
dence Daily  Post,  that  the  proprietor  thereof  has  freely  acknowledged  the  justice  of  and 
acceeded  to  the  request  of  the  employes  in  said  office  for  the  proposed  advance  of  wages. 

"A.  A.  Scott, 

"ChairmanP.  D.  P." 


74  PRINTERS  AND   PRINTING  IN  PROVIDENCE 

Mr.  Barbour,  chairman  of  Journal  office,  presented  the  following 

reply  to  the  memorial : 

"To  Messrs.  George  T.  Arnold,  George  Whelden  and  others,  Compositors  on  the 
Journal: 

"Gentlemen — The  publishers  of  the  Journal  are  in  receipt  of  a  communication, 
evidently  not  originating  with  j^ou,  but  bearing  your  names,  asking  an  advance  in  the 
price  of  your  labor,  and  presenting  a  'Scale  of  Prices  as  reported  by  the  committee  on 
revision.'  The  enhanced  price  of  living,  and  the  advance  in  the  rates  of  other  prices  of 
labor,  are  urged  as  reasons  why  the  wages  of  our  employes  should  be  increased. 

"The  publishers  of  the  Journal  desire  to  maintain  the  most  amicable  relations  and 
complete  understanding  with  the  men  in  their  employ.  They  desire  to  treat  them  not 
merely  with  justice,  but  with  liberality.  They  desire  that  the  workmen  shall  take  pride 
in  the  office,  and  the  office  be  proud  of  the  workmen.  They  would  not  withhold  from  the 
laborer  his  hire,  nor  interpose  an  obstacle  in  the  way  of  his  advancement. 

"  But  it  is  proper,  before  acting  definitely  upon  this  memorial,  that  clearly  is  the 
result  of  a  view  of  the  question  from  one  standpoint  alone,  that  the  other  side  should  be 
presented  to  your  consideration,  with  the  not  improbable  consequences  of  impulsive  action 
in  the  premises,  at  such  an  unprecedented  time  as  the  present. 

"In  the  first  place  are  you  not  in  error  in  speaking  of  the  'reduced  currency  of  the 
country?'  The  fact  that  the  precious  metals  temporarily  command  a  fluctuating  premium 
hardly  warrant  the  assumption  that  we  have  a  depreciated  currency;  and  the  man  who 
pays  his  three  years'  note  maturing  at  this  time  finds  his  dollar  of  no  less  value  now  than 
when  he  received  the  loan.  By  comparing  our  price  current  of  family  marketing  with 
that  published  three  years  ago,  you  will  doubtless  be  struck  with  the  remarkable  similarity 
of  prices,  affording  evidence  alike  that  the  rebellion  has  not  reduced  the  currency,  and  has 
not  'enhanced  the  price  of  every  article  of  necessity  in  life.'  House  rent,  moreover,  is  no 
higher  now  than  then,  and  so  with  various  other  items  that  enter  into  the  family  expense 
account.  The  grocer  and  the  clothier,  from  causes  which  we  all  hope  cannot  be  of  long 
continuance,  are  enabled  to  demand  increased  prices,  thereby  bringing  home  to  each  of 
us  the  realities  of  the  war,  and  prompting  us  to  labor  and  hope  for  a  swift  succession  of 
victories  that  shall  restore  to  our  country  the  blessings  of  peace. 

"You  allude  to  the  advance  in  the  wages  of  other  kinds  of  labor.  That  to  a  very 
considerable  extent  is  so.  The  draft  of  men  for  the  army  has  so  reduced  the  general 
labor  supply  that  wages  have  increased.  When  the  army  is  disbanded,  the  increased 
supply  of  labor  will,  by  the  same  law,  have  a  tendency  to  reduce  the  price  perhaps  even 
below  the  former  standard.  These  fluctuations  ought  not  to  govern  to  any  extent  the 
compensation  of  newspaper  printers.  Their  labor  is  interrupted  by  no  changes  in  business 
prosperity.  Whether  times  are  good  or  bad,  whether  the  publisher  reaps  any  reward  for 
his  labor,  experience  and  invested  capital  or  not,  the  employes  of  the  established  news- 
paper have  continuous  employment  and  an  unabated  stipend.  A  significant  illustration 
of  this  is  found  in  our  own  experience.  In  a  single  item  of  our  expenditures  the  present 
increase,  as  compared  with  last  September,  amounts  to  about  $9000  per  annum.  Yet  this 
enormous  addition  to  our  expenses,  which  it  is  entirely  impracticable  to  meet  by  any 
advance  in  our  rates  of  business,  has  not  affected  you,  notwithstanding  the  fact  that  the 
labor  bills  presented  almost  the  only  salient  points  for  the  application  of  increased 
economy.  The  manufacturer  pays  treble  price  for  his  new  material  and  receives  treble 
price  for  his  goods.  The  employing  carpenter,  if  need  be,  can  advance  the  wages  of  his 
men  when  there  is  increased  demand  for  labor,  for  he  charges  it  in  his  bill  of  work.  But 
newspaper  rates  of  subscription  and  advertising  are  a  fixed  part  of  its  good  will,  and 
cannot  be  advanced  and  reduced  to  suit  the  exigencies  of  the  times.  The  few  papers  that 
have  survived  the  attempt  in  this  crisis  are  returning  to  their  former  rates,  thus  con- 
firming the  view  that  must  commend  itself  to  the  sound  judgment  of  every  reflecting 
man  in  the  business. 

"Under  these  circumstances  would  it  not  be  well  to  consider  whether  there  is  not  a 
possibility— to  quote  from  a  familiar  fable— of  killing  the  goose  that  lays  the  golden  egg. 
Assuming  that  the  income  of  subscription  newspapers  is  fixed  and  cannot  be  suddenly 
increased  at  will,  and  that  the  unprecedented  expenditures  now  imposed  upon  such  estab- 
lishments has  rendered  them  unprofitable,  and  in  many  cases  burdensome  to  their  pub- 
lishers, is  it  wise  for  the  journeymen  to  enter  into  a  combination  that  will  have  the  effect 
to  close  entirely  some  fields  of  labor,  and  to  impose  additional  burdens  upon  others, 
resulting  in  the  end  in  throwing  many  workmen  out  of  employment  and  reducing  the 
prices  to  a  figure  much  below  that  now  ungrudgingly  paid,     there  is  no  other  kind  of 


HISTORY  OF  PROVIDENCE  TYPOGRAPHICAL  UNION  75 


business  as  precarious  at  the  present  time  as  the  publishing  of  newspapers,  and  another 
year  of  war  will  doubtless  reduce  their  number  so  much  that  men  will  be  careful  to  retain 
any  situations  that  will  afford  them  a  weekly  compensation  of  $16.37,  the  average  of  your 
pay  roll  for  the  last  week.  Aside  from  the  increased  expense  at  a  time  when  an  increase 
of  expenses  is  most  to  be  avoided,  some  inconvenience  would  result  to  both  parties  from 
a  compliance  with  your  request.  We  are  informed,  not  unfortunately  by  your  memorial, 
that  the  'committee  on  revision'  fixed  the  price  for  evening  papers  at  27  cents  per 
thousand  ems,  one  cent  less  than  the  price  we  are  now  paying.  Should  we  be  compelled 
to  submit  our  business  temporarily  to  outside  government,  the  composition  on  the  Evening 
Bulletin  would  be  done  by  a  different  set  of  hands  employed  for  the  purpose  and  paid  by 
the  evening  schedule,  or  by  the  week.  We  should  also  be  compelled  to  introduce  appren- 
tices into  the  office — a  course  that  we  have  set  our  face  against  heretofore,  very  much  to 
our  pecuniary  disadvantage.  We  are  not  desirous  of  commencing  the  practice,  and  shall 
be  driven  to  it  only  by  necessity.  The  proposed  arrangements  relative  to  the  Bulletin 
and  apprentices,  would  enable  us  to  pay  to  such  men  as  we  retain  the  price  asked  without 
materially  increasing  the  burdens  of  the  office.  But  it  is  questionable  if  the  plan  would 
offer  many  advantages.  The  publishers  of  the  Journal  ask  for  these  statements  your 
careful  consideration.  They  are  submitted  to  you,  and  not  to  parties  with  whom  we  have 
no  business  relations. 

"We  cannot  avoid  the  impression  that  the  proper  'committee  on  revision'  of  the 
prices  paid  at  the  Journal  office,  include  only  yourselves  and  ourselves.  We  should  be 
loth  to  make  that  a  condition  of  giving  employment,  but  we  may  be  compelled  to  do  so. 
If,  in  view  of  all  the  circumstances,  you  feel  inclined  to  demand  the  increased  compen- 
sation, we  must  say  that  until  other  expenses  are  abated  we  cannot  increase  the  com- 
position bills.     If  the  rate  is  higher  a  reduction  must  be  made  elsewhere. 

"  Trusting  that  you  will  see  how  untimely  is  your  present  movement,  and  that  in  this 
business  the  burdens  of  the  war  cannot  be  borne  by  the  employers  alone,  we  subscribe 
ourselves,  "Yours  very  respectfully, 

"Knowles,  Anthony  &  Danielson." 

After  the  reading  of  the  above,  Mr.  Barbour  stated  that  the  proprie- 
tors of  the  Journal  wished  one  week  more  in  which  to  consider  the 
matter,  when,  if  they  concluded  to  pay  the  advanced  rates,  it  would  be 
paid  for  the  week  ending  May  23.  It  was  then  voted  to  give  Messrs. 
Knowles,  Anthony  &  Danielson  one  week  in  which  to  act. 

A  resolution  expressing  the  thanks  of  the  Union  to  the  pubhshers 
of  the  Press  and  Post  for  their  expressed  wilHngness  to  pay  the  revised 
scale,  the  same  to  be  pubhshed  in  the  city  papers  Monday,  May  25,  was 
adopted. 

Mr.  Lord  then  offered  the  following  which  was  adopted  : 

"Resolved,  That  the  Providence  Typographical  Union  guarantee  to  such  members 
as  may  be  thrown  out  of  employment  by  the  insistance  upon  the  present  scale  all  the 
support,  by  means  and  money,  it  is  in  their  power  to  give." 

Receipts  $1.    Adjourned  to  May  23. 

At  the  adjourned  meeting  held  May  23,  Mr.  Barbour  presented  the 

following  which  was  accepted  and  placed  on  file  : 

"Providence,  May  23. 

"  To  THE  Members  of  Providence  Typographical  Union  : 

"Gentlemen  —In  behalf  of  the  employes  on  the  Journal,  I  am  happy  to  report  that 
the  advanced  price  for  composition  was  paid  this  morning  for  the  work  done  this  current 
week;  and  would  thank  the  Union  for  their  very  generous  action  in  allowing  them  one 
week  extra  time  before  taking  final  action  in  the  matter. 

"Respectfully  submitted, 
"William  H.  Barbour, 

"Chairman  Journal  Office." 


76  PRINTERS  AND  PRINTING  IN  PROVIDENCE 

The  resolution  relating  to  the  publication  of  a  card  passed  at  the 
previous  meeting  was  reconsidered,  and  a  motion  that  no  card  be  pub- 
Hshed  was  adopted. 

A  committee  appointed  at  the  June  meeting  to  endeavor  to  induce 
those  journeymen  employed  in  job  offices,  who  were  not  then  members 
of  the  Union,  to  join,  reported  at  the  July  meeting  that  nothing  could 
be  accomplished  in  the  premises. 

The  report  focused  the  limeHght  very  strongly  upon  the  handful  of 
members  from  that  branch  of  the  business,  and  the  virtue  of  their 
membership  was  greatly  magnified  thereby.  One  admirer  of  these  true 
exponents  of  the  "  Union  spirit "  proposed  the  thanks  of  the  Union  "  to 
the  gallant  few  of  the  job  branch ; "  also  providing  for  exemption  of 
dues  and  a  place  on  the  honorary  list. 

Probably  because  of  precedent  established  in  re  withdrawal  of 
members,  when  still  employed  at  the  printing  business,  the  matter  was 
laid  on  the  table. 

A  resolution  of  welcome  to  our  typographical  friends  of  the  11th 
R.  I.  Regiment  who  had  returned  safely,  was  passed. 

A  communication  from  P.  H.  Massie,  chairman  of  the  Journal  office, 
resigning  that  office,  was  read,  as  was  also  a  communication  from  the 
same  gentleman  resigning  his  membership  in  the  society  because  of 
having  left  the  business. 

On  motion  of  Mr.  Barbour,  Mr.  Massie's  name  was  transferred  to 
the  honorary  fist. 

The  same  action  was  taken  in  regard  to  P.  H.  McDonald  at  the 
December  meeting,  that  gentleman  having  left  the  printing  business. 

At  the  meeting  held  October  10,  1863,  the  recording  secretary 
tendered  his  resignation,  for  the  reason  that  his  duties  required  him  to 
visit  each  office  the  week  previous  to  a  meeting,  and  that  on  his  last 
visit  to  the  Journal  office  he  had  been  met  by  G.  W.  Danielson  and 
told  never  to  enter  the  office  again.  The  resignation  was  laid  over  one 
month,  and  then  laid  on  the  table,  Mr.  Lord,  the  secretary,  completing 
his  term  of  office. 

November  14  a  communication  was  read  in  which  a  member  charged 
that  the  Union  was  controlled  by  a  certain  few  for  certain  purposes,  and 
expressed  the  desire  to  be  no  longer  considered  a  member.  The  com- 
munication was  laid  on  the  table.  One  month  later  the  same  member 
was  elected  door-keeper. 

An  informal  ballot  was  usually  taken,  previous  to  an  election,  for 
all  important  offices,  and  at  the  semi-annual  meeting,  December  12, 1863, 
the  gentleman  having  a  majority  for  President  on  the  informal  ballot 
did  not  receive  one  vote  on  the  formal  ballot.    The  candidate  may  have 


HISTORY  OF  PROVIDENCE  TYPOGRAPHICAL  UNION  77 

been  satisfied  with  the  expression  of  confidence  accorded  by  the  informal 
vote  and  declined  an  election,  but  it's  funny  reading  without  an  ex- 
planation. 

About  this  time  there  seems  to  have  been  an  awakening  among  the 
book  and  job  printers  of  the  city.  Their  activities  were  directed  towards 
forming  an  organization  of  their  own  class.  Members  of  the  Union 
regarded  the  movement  as  an  attempt  to  break  up  their  organization, 
and  resolutions  were  adopted  denouncing  the  promoters  and  calling  upon 
all  good  Union  men  to  thwart  and  arrest  such  "mahcious  mischief,"  and 
to  perpetuate  and  strengthen  the  bonds  of  unity.  To  attain  results  in 
harmony  with  the  tenor  of  the  resolution,  a  committee  of  five  was 
appointed  to  visit  personally  every  journeyman  printer  and  pressman 
(pressmen  were  previously  rejected)  now  working  in  the  city,  or  to  meet 
a  committee  from  them,  or  to  meet  them  in  a  body,  as  the  said  com- 
mittee might  think  proper,  and  urge  upon  them  the  importance  of 
joining  the  older  organization. 

This  committee  reported  January  9, 1864,  that  they  had  called  a 
meeting  January  5,  to  which  all  interested  had  been  invited,  and  that 
four  men  from  the  Journal  job  oflfice  and  a  boy  from  Greene's  had 
attended.  No  definite  action  had  been  taken  because  of  the  slim  at- 
tendance.   It  was  recommended  that  the  matter  be  further  agitated. 

Meanwhile  the  "branch"  had  been  busy;  had  actually  organized, 
and  January  16,  1864,  a  special  meeting  of  the  Union  was  called  for  the 
purpose  of  taking  action  upon  a  communication  from  "  The  Providence 
Book  and  Job  Printers'  Association."  The  communication  explained 
that  the  "Association  "  was  about  to  demand  $1  more  per  week  than  that 
set  forth  in  the  Union  scale,  and  desired  that  the  Union  guarantee  that 
its  members  would  not  interfere  in  their  attempt  to  obtain  a  higher  rate. 

After  the  reading  of  the  communication,  Mr.  Willcox  waxed  indig- 
nant and  moved  that  the  Union  have  nothing  whatever  to  do  with  the 
matter.    That  motion  was  negatived. 

The  biting  sarcasm  of  the  communication  was  apparent  and  the 
indignation  of  Mr.  Willcox  justified,  but  his  motion  was  too  peremptory. 
Contemptuous  silence  on  this  subject  might  be  misconstrued. 

Mr.  Lord,  the  records  of  the  Union  show,  was  always  ready  to 
inject  "whereases"  whenever  needed,  and  on  this  occasion  he  sustained 
his  reputation  by  contributing  several,  followed  by  a  series  of  "  resolveds." 
Separately  or  collectively,  they  form  a  complete  answer  to  the  com- 
munication.   We  quote  one  "  resolved  "  in  full : 

"Resolved,  That  the  character,  history  and  associations  of  the  Providence  Typo- 
graphical Union  are,  and  ought  to  be,  a  sufficient  guarantee  to  the  said  printers  or 
association  of  printers  that  no  member  thereof  would  interfere  with  them  in  their  laudable 
efforts  for  an  adequate  compensation  for  their  labor." 


78  PRINTERS  AND  PRINTING  IN  PROVIDENCE 

Whatever  success  the  "Association "  may  have  had,  of  course,  is 
not  recorded  in  the  Union's  books. 

At  the  meeting  on  January  9  reference  was  made  to  a  strike  in 
New  Haven,  and  the  formation  of  a  Union  at  Portland,  Me.,  was  an- 
nounced. 

That  the  "Association  "  might  not  have  anything  on  the  Union,  a 
proposition  for  an  advance  in  the  scale  was  offered  at  the  February 
meeting,  and  was  referred  to  a  committee,  one  from  each  office,  for 
consideration.  It  was  proposed  to  not  only  raise  the  job  scale,  but  to 
considerably  advance  the  newspaper  prices.  Under  the  new  schedule 
35  cents  per  1000  ems  was  to  be  demanded.  The  committee  to  whom 
the  matter  was  referred  made  no  report  at  the  March  meeting,  but  the 
proposition  was  taken  up,  discussed  and  adopted.  The  chairmen  of  the 
different  offices  were  then  instructed  to  present  the  same  to  their 
employers,  and  the  meeting  adjourned  till  March  19.  On  that  date  a 
communication  from  the  publishers  of  the  Evening  Press  agreeing  to 
pay  the  new  scale  was  read.  Mr.  Lord  repHed  verbally  for  the  pro- 
prietors of  the  Daily  Post,  stating  that  they  were  unable  to  pay  35  cents, 
but  would  willingly  pay  33  1-3  cents.  The  vote  adopting  the  new  scale 
was  reconsidered,  and  amendment  offered  and  adopted  making  the  price 
33  1-3  cents. 

A  letter  from  Jethro  T.  Briggs  was  read  and  disposed  of  in  a 
manner  unhke  that  of  any  previously  or  subsequently  recorded.  After 
a  motion  to  return  the  letter  to  its  sender  was  negatived,  Volney  Austin 
moved  that  the  document  be  consigned  to  the  flames ;   carried. 

At  the  adjourned  meeting  of  March  19, 1864,  Mr.  Austin  stated  that 
he  had  taken  the  responsibihty  of  having  an  engraving  of  a  "  rat "  made 
for  the  use  of  the  society,  believing  that  there  was  some  probability  of 
its  being  called  into  use  in  the  near  future. 

Mr.  Haven  moved,  and  it  was  voted  "  that  the  action  of  Mr.  Austin, 
relative  to  the  aforesaid  quadruped,  be  sanctioned  by  the  society  and 
that  the  bill  of  Mr.  Hoyt  be  paid."  Mr.  Hoyt  is  believed  to  have  been 
the  engraver. 

"  Rat "  is  a  synonym  for  "  scab,"  in  the  language  of  the  printer, 
and  was  attached  to  those  of  the  craft  who  deserted  the  Union  in  times 
of  trouble.  Until  about  20  years  ago  it  was  the  custom  to  issue  circulars 
bearing  the  picture  of  a  big  rat,  underneath  which  was  printed  the 
name  of  the  victim  of  the  Union's  scorn.  Following  the  name  was 
matter  descriptive  of  the  "  rat's  "  character,  replete  in  derogatory  detail. 
These  circulars  were  scattered  broadcast. 

March  26, 1864,  at  an  adjourned  meeting,  the  Journal  office  was 
declared  a  "  rat "  office.    Three  members  were  expelled  for  "  ratting," 


HISTORY  OF  PROVIDENCE  TYPOGRAPHICAL  UNION  79 

one  for  "  ratting  and  obtaining  a  card  under  false  pretenses,"  and  one 
suspended  "  until  he  could  make  his  mysterious  conduct  clear  to  the 
Union." 

The  Labor  Temple  of  to-day  is  the  dream  fulfilled  of  the  printer  of 
old.  As  early  as  April,  1864,  a  committee  was  appointed  to  confer  with 
the  other  unions  in  the  city  relative  to  the  establishment  of  a  Trades 
Union  Hall.  If  there  were  no  co-operation  among  the  unions  of  other 
cities  along  this  same  line  at  that  time  the  item  is  important,  and  that 
the  unions  of  other  cities  may  have  progressed  more  quickly  or  achieved 
the  object  sooner,  detracts  not  from  the  originators  of  the  idea. 

May  2,  1864,  Mr.  Whelden  reported  for  Mr.  Barbour  and  himself, 
that  Nashville  Union,  in  which  jurisdiction  they  had  been  working,  had 
refused  to  grant  them  cards  when  leaving.  These  two  members  of 
Providence  Union  had  been  employed  on  a  paper  issued  by  Ben  C. 
Truman,  a  former  Providence  printer,  but  then  Provost  Marshal  at 
Nashville,  and  had  deposited  their  Providence  cards  with  Nashville 
Union.    There  is  no  record  how  the  matter  was  settled. 

The  chairmen  appointed  June,  1864,  were  as  follows : 

Jabez  Lord Daily  Post. 

William  H.  Barbour Evening  Press. 

L.  M.  Phinney Morning  Press. 

Charles  Haven       Press  Job  Office. 

William  Macpherson Greene's  Job  Office. 

J.  P.  Helme Journal  Job  Office. 

At  the  July  meeting  another  increase  in  the  scale  was  proposed,  to 
go  into  effect  with  the  financial  week  ending  August  20.  For  compo- 
sition on  morning  papers  40  cents  per  1000  ems  and  $20  per  week  was 
asked,  and  on  evening  papers  the  rate  was  to  be  35  cents  per  1000  ems, 
and  $15  per  week.  Strenuous  opposition  to  its  adoption  was  offered  at 
the  August  meeting,  all  agreeing  that  the  scale  should  be  raised,  but  it 
was  argued  that  it  was  a  certainty  that  but  one  paper  in  the  city — The 
Press — would  pay  the  advance.  The  matter  was  laid  over  until  the 
October  meeting,  and  at  that  meeting  there  was  no  quorum  present. 
Later,  an  increase  of  1  1-3  and  2  cents  per  1000  ems,  night  and  day, 
respectively,  was  obtained  without  trouble. 

August  13,  a  committee  was  appointed  to  inquire  into  the  matter 
of  apprentices  to  the  printing  business — the  length  of  time  which  ought 
to  elapse  before  they  were  to  be  considered  journeymen,  etc.  The 
committee  submitted  a  lengthy  report  at  the  September  meeting,  in 
which  it  stated  that  the  hiring  of  persons  above  the  age  of  21  years  as 
apprentices  was  detrimental  to  the  interests  of  journeymen,  in  that  it 
left  "loop  holes,"  through  which  a  person  might  crawl  if  disposed  to 
"  rat."  Situations  for  "  two-thirders  "  were  plentiful  where  it  was  impos- 
sible to  obtain  work  as  a  journeyman,  and  for  the  sake  of  steady 


80  PRINTERS  AND  PRINTING  IN  PROVIDENCE 


employment  it  was  believed  that  some  would  die  of  old  age  before  they 
would  declare  themselves  competent  journeymen.  The  committee, 
therefore,  offered  the  following  resolution  which  was  adopted : 

"Resolved,  That  no  person  who  has  arrived  at  the  age  of  21  years  be  allowed  to 
work  as  an  apprentice  to  the  printing  business  in  any  Union  office,  unless  he  is  personally 
known  to  members  of  the  craft  in  this  city,  and  unless  there  is  good  evidence  that  he  was 
deprived  of  the  privileges  while  in  the  employ  of  his  former  master,  and  that  said  appren- 
tice shall  engage  himself  to  work  as  an  apprentice  for  a  certain  length  of  time,  not  ex- 
ceeding three  years,  and  at  the  expiration  of  that  time  he  shall  be  declared  a  joume>Tnan." 

The  Combination  Type  Company,  it  may  be  safely  asserted,  was  first 
to  estabhsh  an  eight-hour  printing  plant  in  Providence.  The  innovation 
was  not  fully  appreciated  by  the  Union,  however,  as  the  standing  com- 
mittee was  instructed  at  the  September  meeting  to  inquire  into  the 
condition  of  affairs  in  that  office,  then  in  charge  of  Robert  Manning. 

November  12,  the  committee  reported  that  Mr.  Foss,  a  Union  man, 
was  working  at  the  Combination  Type  Company's  office,  eight  hours  a 
day  for  $10  per  week.  The  general  opinion  expressed  during  the  dis- 
cussion of  this  subject  was  that  Mr.  Foss  was  establishing  a  bad  precedent, 
by  accepting  a  proportional  rate  of  compensation  for  less  than  ten  hours' 
labor,  if  not,  in  fact,  violating  the  spirit  of  the  constitution.  The  speakers 
believed  it  an  innovation  upon  the  original  design  of  the  Union,  and 
seemed  to  think  that  a  workman  should  receive  the  stipulated  price  laid 
down  for  hour  work  (30  cents),  if  he  worked  less  than  ten  hours  per 
day.  Mr.  Foss  defended  himself  at  length.  He  did  not  beheve  the 
constitution  prohibited,  either  in  letter  or  spirit,  such  a  course.  Propor- 
tionately, he  was  receiving  more  than  the  scale  (job,  $12),  and  to  require 
the  individual  to  ask  more  for  eight  hours'  work  than  the  Union  scale 
demanded  for  ten  was  unfair  alike  to  the  employe  and  employer. 

A  motion  that  Mr.  Foss  be  requested  to  leave  his  present  situation 
was  carried. 

At  the  meeting  held  December  10,  1864,  after  an  amendment  to  the 
constitution  had  been  adopted,  providing  for  the  annual  election  of 
officers,  Mr.  George  Whelden  was  elected  President.  On  taking  the 
chair,  the  minutes  say,  Mr.  Whelden  made  a  few  remarks  appropriate 
to  the  occasion,  and  hoped  to  see  an  increased  interest  taken  in  the 
affairs  of  the  Union  and  a  full  attendance  at  its  meetings  in  the  future. 

Alas,  for  the  hope!  The  January  (1865)  meeting  was  not  held  as 
there  was  no  quorum  present. 

The  subject  of  holding  a  ball  was  discussed  at  the  February  meeting 
but  no  definite  action  taken.  No  mention  is  made  of  the  matter  at  the 
March  or  April  meetings,  but  at  the  May  meeting  a  resolution  was 
passed  providing  that  the  treasury  be  drawn  upon  for  a  sufficient 
amount  to  secure  Mr.  George  H.  Cranston  against  any  loss  in  advancing 
money  to  defray  the  expenses  of  the  ball  given  by  the  Union, 


HISTORY  OF  PROVIDENCE  TYPOGRAPHICAL  UNION  81 

It  was  voted  at  the  May  meeting,  to  send  a  delegate  to  the  N.  T.  U. 
convention,  and  William  H.  Barbour  was  chosen. 

Nothing  of  importance  transpired  at  the  June  meeting,  and  as  there 
was  no  proper  place  provided  for  holding  the  July  meeting,  adjournment 
was  taken  to  July  15,  at  which  time  no  quorum  appeared. 

August  12,  1865,  Mr.  McDonald  spoke  of  The  Voice,  a  newspaper 
printed  in  Boston  by  Union  men,  and  urged  the  Union  to  lend  assistance 
by  the  purchase  of  stock.    No  action  is  recorded. 

At  this  meeting  two  delegates  were  appointed  to  represent  the 
Union  at  a  Trades  Assembly  to  be  held  August  23.  Messrs.  McDonald 
and  Sherman  were  the  delegates,  and  at  the  September  meeting  Mr. 
McDonald  reported  that  he  had  attended  the  convention  or  assembly 
but  no  meeting  had  been  held,  adjournment  being  taken  to  August  30. 
Nothing  was  accomplished  at  that  meeting,  however,  and  another  was 
scheduled  for  that  evening  (September  9).  He  said  that  if  the  Union  so 
desired  he  would  attend.  The  committee  was  instructed  to  attend. 
Mr.  Sherman  reported  at  the  October  meeting,  that  the  delegates  had 
attended  several  meetings  of  the  assembly  and  that  an  Eight-Hour 
League,  instead  of  a  Trades  Assembly,  had  been  organized.  Mr.  Sherman 
also  stated  that  he  had  been  elected  secretary;  that  meetings  were  being 
held  regularly  and  the  League  was  in  a  prosperous  condition. 

How  long  the  Eight-Hour  League  flourished  cannot  be  told,  as 
mention  was  never  made  of  it  again  in  the  minutes. 

A  committee  of  three  was  appointed  at  the  September  meeting  to 
inquire  into  the  expediency  of  imposing  a  fine  upon  members  for  non- 
attendance.    The  matter  was  tabled  at  the  November  meeting. 

January  13, 1866,  Messrs.  Whelden  and  Barbour,  ex-delegates  to  the 
National  Typographical  Union,  were  appointed  a  committee  to  circulate 
a  memorial  in  behalf  of  the  family  of  the  late  Thomas  J.  Walsh,  financial 
secretary  of  the  New  York  Union,  and  for  a  long  time  secretary-treas- 
urer of  the  N.  T.  U.  March  10,  Mr.  Whelden  read  a  letter  from  Gilbert 
Vail,  Esq.,  acknowledging  receipt  of  $39,  that  being  the  amount  sub- 
scribed by  the  members  of  Providence  Union. 

February  10,  1866,  a  committee  was  appointed  for  the  purpose  of 
holding  an  entertainment  under  the  auspices  of  the  Union,  providing 
the  same  be  deemed  expedient. 

At  this  meeting  was  also  passed  a  resolution  providing  for  the 
appointment  of  a  committee  to  inquire  into  the  practicability  of  de- 
manding an  increase  of  pay.  This  committee  reported  at  a  special 
meeting  held  February  24,  recommending  that  the  scale  be  increased 
and  immediate  action  taken.  The  report  was  approved  and  a  committee 
appointed  to  prepare  a  scale.    Recess  was  taken  for  fifteen  minutes. 


82  PRINTERS  AND  PRINTING  IN  PROVIDENCE 


Committee  reported.  Report  was  not  accepted  and  committee  retired  to 
amend  report,  a  recess  being  taken  for  five  minutes.  The  committee 
reported  its  inability  to  agree.  Committee  was  discharged.  Meeting 
adjourned. 

During  the  excitement  at  the  special  meeting  the  entertainment 
committee  reported  that  it  would  be  inadvisable  to  hold  an  entertainment 
at  that  time. 

An  amendment  to  the  scale  of  prices,  offered  April  14,  and  adopted 
at  the  May  meeting,  provided  that  compositors,  when  summoned  to  the 
office  after  having  finished  a  day's  work,  should  be  allowed  $1  and 
double  price  paid  for  all  work  performed. 

May  12,  1866,  a  proposition  to  send  a  delegate  to  the  N.  T.  U.  con- 
vention to  be  held  at  Chicago,  was  laid  on  the  table.  At  a  special  meeting 
held  May  19,  Mr.  Barbour  read  a  letter  from  Mr.  Menamin  of  Philadel- 
phia, volunteering  to  represent  Providence  Union  at  the  convention, 
and  upon  motion  Mr.  Menamin  was  elected  delegate.  A  letter  was 
received  from  Mr.  Menamin  and  read  at  the  June  meeting,  thanking 
the  Union  for  the  honor  conferred  and  assuring  the  Union  that  he  would 
discharge  the  duties  involved  to  the  best  of  his  abihty. 

No  quorum  was  present  at  the  meeting  held  July  14,  and  adjourn- 
ment was  taken  to  August  11,  when  ten  or  twelve  members  assembled 
at  the  hall;  but,  owing  to  the  neghgence  of  somebody,  were  unable  to 
obtain  admittance. 

Another  attempt  was  made  to  raise  the  scale  at  the  September 
meeting.  The  prices  suggested  were :  For  morning  newspapers,  40  cents ; 
for  evening  newspapers,  37  1-2  cents;  for  book  work,  $15  per  week. 
Laid  on  table  for  one  month.  The  matter  was  made  the  special  order 
for  November  17,  and  on  that  date  was  indefinitely  postponed,  9  to  7— 
25  members  being  absent  and  not  voting. 

Announcement  of  the  death  of  Peter  A.  McDonald,  President  of  the 
Union,  and  for  many  years  one  of  its  most  active  members,  was  made 
at  a  special  meeting  held  November  24, 1866.  Arrangements  were  made 
to  attend  the  funeral.  A  marshal  was  selected  to  officiate  and  bearers 
were  chosen.  Resolutions  testifying  to  the  upright  character  of  Presi- 
dent McDonald  were  adopted,  and  the  Union  adjourned  to  assemble  at  the 
hall  the  following  morning.  Mr.  McDonald's  term  of  office  as  President 
was  brief.  He  was  elected  October  13,  1866,  to  fill  the  vacancy  caused 
by  the  resignation  of  Dennis  J.  Scannel.  The  secretary's  account  of  the 
funeral  is  as  follows: 

"Sunday  Morning,  Nov.  25,  1866. 
"The  members  and  friends  assembled  at  the  hall  at  11  o'clock.     At  11:15  the  meeting 
was  called  to  order  by  the  Vice-President,  and  it  was  voted  that  the  marshal  now  take 
charge  of  the  body  assembled.     That  official  at  once  formed  the  line,  the  bearers  being 


HISTORY  OF  PROVIDENCE  TYPOGRAPHICAL  UNION  83 


on  the  right,  and  marched  to  the  car  waiting  for  them,  arriving  in  Pawtucket  at  12:20. 
The  procession  then  marched  to  the  residence  of  the  deceased,  and  after  listening  to 
appropriate  services,  marched  to  the  street;  every  member  on  passing  out  taking  a  last 
look  at  our  departed  brother.  As  the  bearers  brought  the  body  from  the  house  the 
members  were  formed  on  each  side  of  the  walk  with  uncovered  heads.  After  placing  the 
corpse  in  the  hearse  the  society  marched  in  procession  behind  and  the  bearers  on  each 
side,  to  the  Mineral  Spring  Cemetery,  where  the  remains  were  deposited.  The  line  was 
formed  on  each  side  of  the  grave,  the  members  standing  with  uncovered  heads  while  the 
bearers  lowered  the  corpse  to  its  last  resting  place,  after  which  the  resolutions  were 
presented  to  the  relatives  of  the  deceased  by  Mr.  Edward  A.  Willcox.  The  society  then 
marched  to  the  car,  and  taking  seats,  arrived  in  Providence  at  2:30  o'clock,  where  they 
were  dismissed  by  the  marshal." 

A  committee  appointed  November  10, 1866,  to  purchase  a  testimonial 
to  be  presented  to  Mr.  Menamin  in  recognition  of  his  services  to  the 
Union,  reported  at  the  December  meeting  that  it  would  be  unable  to 
decide  just  what  to  purchase  until  some  certain  sum  had  been  appro- 
priated. Twenty-five  dollars  was  thereupon  voted,  and  the  committee 
fulfilled  its  mission  by  the  purchase  of  a  ring,  which  was  suitably 
inscribed  and  forwarded  to  Mr.  Menamin.  The  committee  in  its  report 
submitted  a  copy  of  the  letter  accompanying  the  ring  and  Mr.  Menamin's 
reply  to  the  same.  E.  A.  Willcox,  Thomas  Allen  and  S.  G.  Smith  con- 
stituted the  committee.  It  was  voted  to  place  Mr.  Menamin's  name 
upon  the  honorary  list. 

April  13,  1867,  the  bill  of  the  Providence  Press  Co.  for  $16.75  was 
ordered  paid.  The  secretary  stated  that  there  was  an  error  in  the  bill 
amounting  to  $2  in  favor  of  the  Union.  It  was  ordered  that  the  error 
be  corrected  and  the  $2  paid  to  the  Press  Co. 

An  amendment  to  the  scale  of  prices  fixing  the  rate  of  composition 
at  37  1-2  cents  per  1000  ems  for  morning,  and  35  cents  per  1000  ems  for 
evening  papers  was  adopted  at  this  meeting.  The  amendment  also 
provided  for  double  price  on  morning  papers  and  price-and-a-half  on 
evening  papers,  when  call  was  made  for  composition  after  "Good  Day" 
was  in. 

The  chairmen  were  instructed  to  notify  pubhshers  of  the  action  of 
the  Union. 

Resolutions  were  passed  denouncing  the  proscription  by  employers  of 
men  taking  active  part  in  the  affairs  of  the  Union,  and  providing  that 
should  such  action  be  taken,  every  man  should  leave  his  work. 

A  special  meeting  was  provided  for  in  case  the  scale  should  not  be 
agreed  to.  This  meeting  was  not  called  and  as  no  further  mention  is 
made  of  the  matter  it  is  presumed  the  advance  was  obtained. 

At  the  May  meeting  it  was  voted  that  Mr.  George  H.  Cranston's 
name  be  forwarded  to  the  President  of  the  N.  T.  U.  as  a  candidate  for 
membership  on  the  executive  committee. 

No  quorum  at  the  June  meeting. 


84  PRINTERS  AND  PRINTING  IN  PROVIDENCE 

July  13,  1867,  the  resignation  of  Mr.  Whelden  as  corresponding 
secretary  was  received  and  accepted  and  his  successor  elected.  The  new 
secretary  was  instructed  to  ask  for  an  explanation  of  the  following 
sentence  in  Mr.  Whelden's  letter  of  resignation :  "  Without  dwelling  to 
discuss  the  question  whether  some  members  of  the  Union  have  acted  in 
good  faith  towards  me."  Mr.  Whelden's  explanation  was  read  at  the 
August  meeting  and  ordered  filed  with  the  rest  of  the  Union's  documents. 

The  secretary  was  instructed  at  the  August  meeting  to  call  at  the 
home  of  an  ex-member  and  ask  for  the  charter  of  the  Union.  At  the 
September  meeting  the  secretary  announced  that  he  had  secured  the 
charter,  and  the  same  was  ordered  hung  up  in  the  hall. 

The  name  of  S.  K.  Head  was  proposed  for  membership,  the  secre- 
tary stating  that  Mr.  Head  was  a  bona-fide  member  of  Boston  Union, 
but  that  a  clause  in  the  constitution  of  that  Union  prevented  a  person 
from  drawing  a  card  unless  he  had  been  six  months  a  member.  The 
matter  was  laid  over  until  the  September  meeting,  Boston  Union  in  the 
meantime  forwarding  Mr.  Head's  card,  which  was  duly  received  at  that 
meeting. 

Tha  card  of  Charles  H.  Witherup,  Pittsburg,  No.  7,  was  presented 
at  the  September  meeting,  accompanied  by  $3.45,  which,  Mr.  Witherup 
stated,  had  been  advanced  by  Indianapohs  Union  on  his  card.  The 
secretary  was  instructed  to  forward  the  money  to  Indianapolis  Union. 

The  secretary  read  a  circular  from  the  N.  T.  U.  in  regard  to  sub- 
ordinate Unions  establishing  a  national  fund.    Tabled. 

October  12,  1867,  $40  was  appropriated  for  the  benefit  of  a  member 
who  had  been  sick  for  some  time. 

A  committee  appointed  at  this  meeting  to  consider  the  constitution 
framed  by  the  National  Union  reported  at  a  special  meeting  held  October 
19,  as  follows: 

"  Providence,  R.  I.,  October  17,  1867. 
"To  THE  President  and  Members  of  Providence  Typographical  Union,  No.  33: 

"  Gentlemen — Your  committee  to  whom  was  referred  the  '  Constitution  for  Subor- 
dinate Unions,'  and  the  act  creating  a  'National  Fund,'  passed  by  the  National  Typo- 
graphical Union  at  its  last  session,  held  in  Memphis,  Tenn.,  in  June  last,  beg  leave  to 
make  the  following  report: 

"After  a  close  examination  of  the  above  named  documents,  we  believe  it  unwise  to 
place  the  power  in  the  National  Union  to  frame  a  constitution  for  subordinate  Unions,  as 
it  would  be  continually  subject  to,  and  undergoing  amendments  to  suit  different  localities, 
no  matter  how  carefully  drawn,  and  would  be  more  detrimental  than  beneficial  to  the 
local  organizations.     We  would  therefore  recommend  its  rejection. 

"We  are  also  opposed  to  the  establishment  of  a  'National  Fund,'  for,  in  our  opinion, 
it  would  be  of  no  benefit  whatever,  but  would  be  dangerous  and  injurious  to  our  local 
organizations. 

"We  believe  that  the  adoption   of  a  national  constitution,  without  due  notice  and 

time,  as  provided  in  our  national  constitution — under  which  we  have  successfully  labored 

for  many  years — to  be  illegal,  null  and  void,  and  of  no  binding  force;   and  that  we  should 

•  elect  our  delegates  to  the  ne.xt  session  of  the  National  Union,  to  be  held  at  Washington 

in  June  next,  without  regard  to  this  so-called  new  constitution. 


Rixdolph  Del-eeLt-w; 
T're.CLScc-nen . 


Eli  Alfor-a. 
Covre-^poodingSeor-e+cm^'. 


HISTORY  OF  PROVIDENCE  TYPOGRAPHICAL  UNION  85 


"We  herewith  present  the  following  resolutions,  and  recommend  their  adoption: 
"Resolved,   That  the  manner  of  adoption  of  the  so-called  new  national  constitution, 
by  the  National  Union,  which  met  at  Memphis,  Tenn.,  in  June,  1867,  was  an  act  of  nulli- 
fication, and  as  such  is  not  binding  on  subordinate  Unions. 

"Resolved,  That  the  act  known  as  'The  Constitution  for  Subordinate  Unions,'  and 
'An  act  creating  a  National  Fund,'  having  been  passsd  by  virtue  of  the  powers  assumed 
by  this  new  constitution,  are  null  and  void,  and  of  no  binding  force. 

"Resolved,  That  we  will  not  comply  with  the  demand  for  sixty  cents  per  capita  tax 
until  the  same  shall  have  been  adopted  in  a  constitutional  manner. 

"Resolved,  That  we  elect  our  delegates  to  a  session  of  the  National  Typographical 
Union,  to  be  holden  in  Washington,  D.  C,  in  June  next,  the  same  convention  being  ruled 
by  the  constitution  in  force  at  the  Fourteenth  Annual  Session,  held  in  Philadelphia. 

"Resolved,  That  we  call  upon  all  sister  Unions  to  elect  their  delegates  in  the  same 
manner,  and  join  with  us  in  rebuking  this  disregard  of  the  national  constitution,  and  the 
rights  of  subordinate  Unions. 

"D.  A.  Sherman, 

"M.  C.  Harris, 

"  VoLNEY  Austin, 

"John  F.  Lonsdale, 

"William  H.  Barbour,  Committee." 

On  motion  of  Mr.  Foss,  the  resolutions  were  adopted.  Ayes,  15 ; 
nays,  5. 

This  appeal  to  sister  Unions  throughout  the  country  met  with  such 
hearty  co-operation  that  at  the  Washington  convention,  the  following 
June,  the  action  taken  by  the  Memphis  convention  was  annulled,  a 
decided  triumph  for  Providence  Union.  It  is  said  that  the  Memphis 
convention  was  controlled  by  an  element  whose  loyalty  to  the  Union 
was  subordinate  to  that  of  a  secret  organization  foreign  to  the  craft  at 
large,  but  the  prompt  action  of  Providence  Union,  with  the  generous 
support  of  sister  Unions  prevented  the  consummation  of  their  plans  to 
rule  the  Typographical  Union. 

While  Providence  Union  may  be  held  responsible  for  defeating  the 
establishment  of  a  "Strike  Fund"  in  1868,  it  claims  the  distinction  of 
reviving  the  agitation  for  its  enactment.  The  delegate  from  Providence 
to  the  New  York  convention  of  1885,  was  instructed  to  bring  before  the 
convention  a  proposition  incorporating  an  "  International  Strike  Fund," 
and  a  number  of  appeals  for  financial  assistance  from  sister  Unions  were 
given  the  delegate  to  be  used  as  an  argument  for  the  adoption  of  some 
such  legislation.  The  present  fund  and  the  laws  governing  strikes  are 
the  direct  result  of  the  proposition  adopted  at  that  convention. 

The  following  is  all  that  is  recorded  under  date  of  November  9, 1867 : 

"Regular  monthly  meeting.  Meeting  met  at  8  o'clock ;  President  in  the  chair.  The 
secretary  being  absent,  it  was  voted  to  adjourn." 

A  special  meeting  was  called  by  the  President  Sunday  morning, 
December  8, 1867,  for  the  purpose  of  attending  the  funeral  of  George  H. 
Cranston.    The  minutes  read: 

"At  10:30  o'clock  the  meeting  was  called  to  order  by  the  Vice-President,  who  appointed 
as  marshal  to  take  charge  of  the  body  assembled,  Charles  C.  Gray,  and  as  bearers, 
Messrs.  Lonsdale,  Simpson,  Reid,  Barry,  Boss  and  Chenery.  The  marshal  then  took  charge, 
formed  the  line  and  marched  to  the  residence  of  the  deceased,  where  after  appropriate 


86  PRINTERS  AND  PRINTING  IN  PROVIDENCE 

• 

services  were  listened  to,  marched  to  the  North  End  Burying  Ground,  where  the  remains 
were  deposited  in  the  tomb,  after  which  the  members  and  the  friends  of  the  deceased 
marched  back  to  the  hall,  where  they  were  dismissed  by  the  marshal." 

Appropriate  resolutions  on  Mr.  Cranston's  death  were  passed  at  the 
regular  meeting  held  December  15. 

Notice  was  received  at  the  January,  1868,  meeting,  that  the  Union 
could  no  longer  have  the  use  of  the  hall  then  being  occupied.  It  was 
said  that  a  hall  on  Weybosset  street  could  be  had  for  $2  per  meeting, 
and  Mr.  Chenery  was  appointed  to  arrange  for  the  same. 

A  resolution  providing  for  the  payment  of  ...  .  sum  to  the  relatives 
of  a  member  in  case  of  death  was  offered  by  Mr.  Lonsdale  at  the 
meeting  held  February  8,  1868,  but  what  action,  if  any,  was  taken  is 
not  recorded. 

Resolutions  were  passed  thanking  the  American  Protestant  Asso- 
ciation, No.  2,  for  their  kindness  in  leasing  Friendship  hall  for  the 
February  meeting  and  for  past  favors. 

It  was  voted  that  every  member  of  the  Union  contribute  the  equiv- 
alent of  1000  ems  towards  the  erection  of  a  monument  to  the  memory 
of  Charles  Brown  (Artemus  Ward),  printer  and  philosopher,  "  said  con- 
tribution to  be  collected  on  the  6th  day  of  March  next." 

The  chairmen  of  the  different  offices  were,  by  vote,  instructed  to 
assist  the  financial  secretary  by  collecting  the  dues  in  the  respective 
chapels  over  which  they  presided. 

At  the  April  meeting  it  was  debated  whether  a  delegate  would  be 
sent  to  represent  Providence  in  the  convention  to  be  holden  at  Wash- 
ington on  the  first  Monday  in  June  next.  The  secretary  was  instructed 
to  write  Mr.  Menamin  and  learn  if  he  would  act.  It  was  voted  at  the 
May  meeting  to  elect  a  delegate  to  act  with  Mr.  Menamin,  and  Mr.  E.  A. 
Willcox  was  chosen.  A  committee  was  appointed  to  solicit  subscriptions 
for  defraying  the  expenses  of  the  delegate. 

An  influx  of  New  York  printers  was  responsible  for  a  motion 
August  8,  1868,  instructing  the  secretary  to  write  New  York  Union  and 
ask  that  printers  leaving  that  city  be  advised  to  seek  other  fields  than 
Providence. 

At  the  meeting  held  November  14,  1868,  the  secretary  read  an 
amnesty  proclamation  from  the  President  of  the  National  Union,  and  at 
the  December  meeting  it  is  recorded  that  the  life  of  the  amnesty  had 
been  extended  to  February  1,  1869.  An  examination  of  the  admissions 
during  that  period  show  that  a  number  of  delinquents  took  advantage 
of  the  act. 

Because  of  a  strike  in  New  York  city,  it  was  voted  at  the  meeting 
held  March  13,  1869,  that  $50  be  loaned  to  the  New  York  Union.  There 
is  no  record  of  the  loan  having  been  cancelled. 


HISTORY  OF  PROVIDENCE  TYPOGRAPHICAL  UNION  87 


April  10,  1869,  the  investigation  committee  reported  unfavorably 
upon  an  application  for  membership,  "  because,"  it  said,  "  this  man 
meekly  performs  work  for  which  the  proprietors  pay  but  28  cents  per 
1000  ems." 

To  revise  the  book  and  job  scale  a  committee  was  appointed  May  8, 
1869.  The  committee  was  given  power  to  call  a  special  meeting  for 
immediate  action,  if  necessary.  No  special  meeting  was  called,  however, 
and  at  the  June  meeting  it  was  stated  that  the  committee  had  attended 
to  its  duties  but  was  unable  to  make  a  full  report  at  that  time.  The 
committee  was  continued  with  the  same  powers.  There  was  no  meeting 
during  July  because  of  lack  of  quorum,  and  at  the  August  meeting 
the  committee  was  discharged  and  the  whole  matter  laid  on  the  table. 

At  the  May  meeting  it  was  voted  to  send  a  delegate  to  the  N.  T.  U. 
convention,  and  Stephen  Booth  was  elected,  the  expenses  of  the  delegate 
to  be  raised  by  subscription. 

June  12,  1869,  Mr.  Whelden  made  some  remarks  in  regard  to 
"departments"  in  newspaper  offices,  and  recommended  that  the  men 
holding  such  positions  pay  a  premium  in  order  that  wages  be  equalized. 
Others  spoke  on  the  same  subject,  but  no  action  was  taken. 

This  is  the  first  and  last  reference  to  "blood,"  so  called,  in  the 
minutes  of  Providence  Union.  The  "department"  system  flourished  in 
many  cities  before  the  introduction  of  machines. 

The  "ad"  department  was  the  best  paying,  many  holders  of  that 
"sit"  paying  more  than  50  per  cent,  of  their  earnings  for  the  privilege, 
the  bonus  being  distributed  equally  among  the  holders  of  regular  situ- 
ations. For  instance,  if  the  holder  of  a  "department"  set  30,000  ems  in 
a  day  and  the  percentage  demanded  was  one-half,  15,000  ems  was  taken 
from  his  "string"  and  cut  into  fifteen  1000-em  "takes"  and  distributed 
to  the  men  in  numerical  order.  In  the  big  offices  of  large  cities 
"departments"  were  numerous,  and  it  was  not  an  unusual  occurrence 
for  a  man  to  receive  two  "  takes  "  of  "blood,"  or  2000  ems  bonus  in  one 
night  and  that  notwithstanding  fully  100  men  were  employed.  Depart- 
ments were  scarce  in  Providence,  however,  and  their  "fatness"  never 
warranted  the  payment  of  a  very  large  percentage  by  the  holders  for 
the  privilege. 

At  the  meeting  held  August  14,  1869,  a  resolution  was  presented 
providing  for  the  election  of  chairmen  of  chapels  by  the  members 
employed  in  the  different  offices.  The  resolution  was  adopted  at  the 
September  meeting.  Previous  to  that  time  the  chairmen  of  chapels  had 
been  appointed  by  the  President  of  the  Union,  and  those  then  serving 
in  that  capacity  were  requested  to  resign,  which  they  did  at  the  October 
meeting  and  their  resignations  were  accepted. 


88  PRINTERS  AND  PRINTING  IN  PROVIDENCE 

September  11  chairmen  were  instructed  to  prevent  strangers  going 
to  work  in  their  respective  offices  before  depositing  a  travelling  card, 
and  it  was  voted  that  500  working  cards  be  printed.  December  11  the 
secretary  was  ordered  to  issue  the  cards  to  the  chairmen  of  the  different 
offices,  to  be  by  them  distributed  to  the  members  of  their  respective 
chapels. 

Embodied  in  the  order  or  motion  was  the  principle,  still  adhered  to, 
that  no  card  be  issued  to  extend  for  a  period  longer  than  one  month. 

October  11  a  special  meeting  was  called  to  make  arrangements  for 
attending  the  funeral  of  Thomas  E.  Jennings.  Bearers  were  appointed 
and  the  members  proceeded  in  a  body  to  the  home  of  the  deceased. 

November  13,  1869,  a  circular  was  ordered  printed  inviting  non- 
union printers  to  become  members. 

At  this  meeting,  the  gentleman  who  was  the  cause  of  all  the  corre- 
spondence and  debate  in  connection  with  his  application  to  withdraw 
from  the  Union,  and  whose  ejection  from  the  society  was  effected  in  the 
face  of  threatened  legal  entanglements,  made  application  to  renew  his 
membership  in  the  Union.  The  report  of  the  committee  on  the  appli- 
cation was  made  December  11,  and  was,  in  part,  as  follows: 

"This  gentleman  is  known  to  most  of  the  members  of  this  Union,  but  to  those  who 
are  not  familiar  with  his  case,  perhaps  a  few  words  of  explanation  will  be  acceptable. 
Mr.  ...  is  nearly  70  years  of  age  and  entered  the  printing  business  about  52  years  ago, 
so  that  now  he  is  the  oldest  printer  in  the  State.  He  was  a  charter  member  of  this  society, 
but  gained  its  displeasure  by  working  below  the  scale,  and  was  excluded.  He  is  now  at 
work  in  a  Union  office  on  piece  work  and  in  order  that  he  may  continue  to  do  so,  he  asks 
to  be  reinstated.  We  recommend  that  he  be  admitted  on  the  same  conditions  that  apply 
to  a  new  applicant. 

"A.  M.  Robertson, 

"Nat.  L.  Reeves,  Standing  Committee." 

February  12,  1870,  ballot  was  taken  on  the  application  which  re- 
sulted in  the  gentleman's  reinstatement,  and  at  the  meeting  held  March 
12  he  again  took  the  obligation  of  membership. 

It  was  the  common  practice  of  the  time  for  travellers  to  "strike" 
town  without  a  card,  although  entitled  to  one  from  the  jurisdiction  in 
which  they  were  last  employed.  This  neghgence  on  the  part  of  the 
tourist  caused  not  a  little  trouble  for  corresponding  secretaries  in  writing 
for  the  cards  of  strangers.  To  reimburse  the  secretary  for  this  extra 
work  that  official  was  authorized  to  charge  five  cents  for  each  letter 
written  for  such  a  purpose,  the  applicant  to  pay  the  same.  This  action 
was  taken  at  the  meeting  held  December  11,  1869. 

A  resolution  offered  by  Edward  Quinn  at  the  meeting  held  April  9, 
1870,  was  referred  to  a  committee  of  three  for  report  at  the  next 
meeting.    The  resolution  read : 

"  Whereas,  The  good  standing  and  influence  of  this  Union  have  for  some  time  past 
been  greatly  injured  by  a  certain  class  of  men  belonging  to  the  craft  who  indulge  in  the 
use  of  intoxicating  liquor  when  they  should  be  attending  to  their  business,  therefore. 


HISTORY  OF  PROVIDENCE  TYPOGRAPHICAL  UNION  89 

"Resolved,  That  any  person,  a  member  of  this  Union,  who  shall  vacate  a  frame 
which  he  may  hold,  or  on  which  he  may  be  subbing,  through  the  influence  of  liquor,  the 
same  shall  be  posted  in  every  union  city  under  the  jurisdiction  of  the  National  Union." 

The  committee  appointed  to  handle  this  matter  was  Messrs.  Booth, 
Robertson  and  Gray,  and  at  the  May  meeting  the  report  of  the  commitee 
was  adopted.  What  were  the  recommendations  of  the  committee  is 
not  given. 

May  14, 1870,  it  was  voted  that  R.  S.  Menamin  represent  Providence 
Union  at  the  convention  of  the  National  Union  to  be  held  at  Cincinnati, 
Ohio,  June  6.  A  committee  was  appointed  to  mail  instructions  as  to  his 
actions  on  certain  matters  to  come  before  the  convention. 

July  9,  1870,  an  amendment  to  the  constitution  was  offered,  fixing 
the  number  required  to  constitute  a  quorum,  by  the  following  addition : 
"And  all  members  failing  to  attend  said  meetings  to  be  fined  25  cents." 
Laid  over  to  August  meeting.  At  that  meeting,  although  receiving  a 
majority  vote,  the  amendment  did  not  receive  the  two-thirds  necessary 
to  carry. 

January  14,  1871,  an  amendment  increasing  the  salary  of  the 
recording  and  financial  secretary  from  $20  to  $40  was  laid  over,  and  a 
committee  appointed  to  consider  the  matter.  The  committee's  report 
favored  an  increase  and  the  amendment  was  adopted  February  11, 1871. 

An  amendment  to  the  scale  of  prices  was  also  offered  at  the  January 
meeting  and  rejected  at  the  February  meeting.  The  amendment  called 
for  45  cents  per  1000  for  morning,  and  42  cents  for  evening  papers ; 
hour  work  40  cents,  and  book  work  $18  per  week,  ten  hours. 

An  attempt  was  made  at  the  March  meeting  to  increase  the  dues 
to  50  cents  per  month.  Laid  over  until  the  April  meeting,  when  it  was 
defeated.  The  amendment  was  again  offered  at  the  July  meeting  and 
defeated  August  12,  1871. 

At  the  meeting  April  8,  1871,  it  was  voted  to  elect  a  delegate  to 
the  Baltimore  convention.  Two  informal  ballots  were  taken  without 
developing  a  favorite.  On  a  formal  ballot  Henry  A.  Brown  received 
41  votes  out  of  a  total  of  69  cast.  A  motion  to  make  the  vote  unanimous 
was  lost.  At  the  next  meeting  it  was  voted  to  amend  the  minutes  by 
erasing  the  word  "lost"  and  inserting  the  word  "carried,"  thereby 
making  the  election  unanimous — or  did  it? 

July  8,  1871,  a  committee  of  five  was  appointed  to  confer  with  the 
pressmen  of  the  city  and  try  and  persuade  them  to  join  the  Union. 

A  letter  from  Hartford  was  read  at  this  meeting,  acknowledging 
receipt  of  $35  from  this  Union,  and  the  secretary  was  instructed  to 
purchase  a  Black  Book  in  which  to  register  the  names  of  "rats" 
appearing  in  the  circulars  from  sister  Unions.  This  book  cannot  be 
found. 


90  PRINTERS  AND  PRINTING  IN  PROVIDENCE 

February  10,  1872,  the  jurisdiction  of  the  Union  was  hmited  to  the 
city  of  Providence. 

The  second  strike  in  which  Providence  Union  became  involved 
occurred  during  April,  1872.  Pursuant  to  a  call  signed  by  Eben  Gordon, 
Frank  E.  Burroughs,  John  Walsh,  Charles  W.  Burroughs,  J.  H.  Wilson, 
R.  A.  Pierce,  A.  W.  Forsythe,  Samuel  K.  Head  and  N.  B.  Bowers,  a 
special  meeting  was  held  April  5,  1872,  to  consider  matters  relating  to 
affairs  in  the  Herald  office.  Mr.  Gordon  stated  that  first  a  request  and 
then  a  demand  had  been  made  for  a  raise  from  40  to  45  cents  per  1000 
ems,  by  the  men  employed  on  the  Herald,  and  moved  that  the  Union 
endorse  the  action.    After  a  spirited  discussion  the  motion  was  carried. 

Amos  B.  Cranston,  the  foreman,  then  inquired  if  he  would  be 
justified  in  filling  vacancies  with  Union  men.  A  motion  that  he  be 
allowed  to  do  so  was  lost.     The  meeting  then  adjourned.     ■ 

The  minutes  of  this  special  meeting  were  corrected  at  the  regular 
meeting  held  April  13,  so  as  to  read  that  the  foreman  of  the  Herald 
should  not  employ  printers  at  less  than  45  cents  per  1000  ems. 

At  the  regular  April  meeting  the  Union  went  into  committee  of  the 
whole,  and  Herald  office  affairs  were  debated  at  length.  During  the 
discussion  Mr.  Cranston  stated  that  he  misunderstood  the  vote  at  the 
special  meeting,  being  under  the  impression  that  he  was  allowed  to 
employ  Union  men  at  40  cents  until  such  time  as  the  scale  should  be 
amended.  He  denied  having  employed  any  but  Union  men,  having 
engaged  but  one  man,  a  member  of  Ottawa  Union;  Noah  D.  Payne  put 
the  other  men  to  work. 

The  corresponding  secretary  was  instructed  to  write  Ottawa  Union 
in  regard  to  this  man,  and  the  recording  secretary  was  directed  to  wait 
upon  the  gentleman  and  find  out  his  standing  as  a  Union  man. 

An  amendment  to  the  scale  was  presented  and  laid  over  until  the 
May  meeting.  The  proposed  scale  called  for  45  cents  per  1000  ems 
for  morning,  and  40  cents  for  evening  papers.  This  was  amended  at 
the  May  meeting  to  read  42  and  38  cents,  respectively. 

In  all  probability  the  adoption  of  the  42  and  38-cent  rates  served  to 
settle  the  matter,  as  no  mention  is  again  made  of  that  particular  diffi- 
culty. Later  on,  however,  Thursday,  January  2, 1873,  a  special  meeting 
was  called  to  consider  grievances  directly  traceable  to  the  former  trouble. 
The  call  reads: 

"To  thp:  Pkksidknt  ov  Providence  Typographical  Union,  No.  33: 

"Dear  Sir     We,    the   undersij^ned,   members  of  Providence  Typographical  Union. 
No.  33,  held  a  chapel  meeting;  this  afternoon,  at  which  time  it  was  decided  to  strike  the 
office  for  infringing  a  rule  of  the  International  Typographical  Union,  and  hereby  request 
you  to  call  a  special  meeting  of  this  Union  at  six  o'clock  at  most  convenient  place. 
"E.A.Carter,  "Thomas  Hynes, 

"C.  E.  Lyons,  "William  Carroll, 

"A  W.  Forsythe,  "John  Powers, 

" T.  C.  Cawley,  "Robert  O'Connor." 


HISTORY  OF  PROVIDENCE  TYPOGRAPHICAL  UNION  91 


The  meeting  was  called  to  order  in  the  composing  room  of  the 
Evening  Press,  and  after  an  explanation  of  the  grievances  it  was  voted 
to  sustain  the  action  of  the  chapel. 

At  the  time  of  the  strike  of  April,  1872,  as  was  the  custom,  some  of 
the  men  most  responsible  for  the  Union's  embroilment  gathered  their 
belongings  and  left  the  city,  leaving  the  Union  to  settle  the  difficulty 
as  best  it  could.  Later,  the  management  of  the  Herald  evidently  found 
that  the  men  engaged  to  fill  the  vacancies  thus  caused  were  even 
less  tractable  than  those  who  had  been  previously  employed,  and  it  was 
because  of  an  attempt  on  the  part  of  the  management  of  that  paper  to 
re-engage  one  or  more  of  those  men  that  gave  occasion  for  the  more 
recent  trouble.    The  difficulty  was  promptly  adjusted. 

Experience  has  taught  Union  printers  that  strikes  initiated  under 
circumstances  similar  to  either  of  the  above  instances  are  not  conducive 
to  progress,  and  stringent  laws  now  prevent  occurrences  of  that  kind. 

It  was  voted  at  the  April  meeting  not  to  send  a  delegate  to  the 
I.  T.  U.  convention. 

A  special  meeting  was  called  December  20,  1872,  in  the  composing 
room  of  the  Evening  Press,  for  the  purpose  of  initiating  Charles  A. 
Peabody  and  John  H.  Campbell,  who  were  unable  to  attend  a  regular 
meeting. 

January  11,  1873,  the  chairmen  of  the  different  offices  were  in- 
structed to  notify  all  non-union  men  working  in  the  chapels  over  which 
they  presided  to  send  in  their  applications  for  membership  forthwith. 

The  sergeant-at-arms  was  instructed  at  the  February  meeting  to 
confer  with  the  trustees  of  Mechanics'  Temple  of  Honor  in  regard  to 
leasing  hall.  That  official  reported  at  the  March  meeting  that  he  had 
engaged  a  hall  from  the  trustees  of  the  American  Protestant  Association. 

A  committee  was  appointed  March  8,  1873,  to  nominate  candidates 
for  delegate  to  convention  of  the  I.  T.  U.  The  committee  presented 
the  names  of  two  candidates  as  contestants  for  the  honor  at  the  April 
meeting,  and  on  ballot  Volney  Austin  received  all  but  one  vote.  Pro- 
viding the  losing  candidate  cast  that  one  vote  himself,  others  who  may 
have  pledged  support  surely  had  a  job  on  hand  to  demonstrate  to  the 
candidate's  satisfaction  their  fealty  on  that  occasion.  The  delegate 
reported  at  the  July  meeting  as  follows : 
"To  THE  President  AND  Members  of  Typographical  Union,  No.  33: 

"Gentlemen — Your  delegate  to  the  21st  session  of  the  International  Typographical 
Union  of  North  America,  held  in  Montreal  in  June  last,  respectfully  submits  the  following 
for  your  information  and  consideration :  It  would  be  useless  for  me  to  detail  the  pro- 
ceedings of  the  convention,  as  the  official  copy  of  its  actions  will  soon  be  received  from 
its  secretary,  but  I  may  give  you  some  information  that  cannot  from  its  nature  be 
embodied  in  his  report,  and  call  your  attention  to  some  of  the  more  important  doings  of 
the  session. 


92  PRINTERS  AND   PRINTING  IN   PROVIDENCE 


"A  caucus,  comprising  delegates  from  the  Northern,  Middle  and  Western  States,  was 
held  at  the  Ottawa  House  on  Sunday  evening,  May  31,  1873,  for  the  purpose  of  co- 
operation, and  with  a  view  solely  to  make  all  coming  proceedings  in  the  convention 
harmonious.  William  J.  Quinn  of  Boston  was  chosen  chairman,  and  he  announced  the 
caucus  ready  for  business.  Your  delegate  nominated  William  R.  McLane  of  Washington 
as  candidate  for  President ;  the  nomination  was  seconded,  but  the  nomination  was  with- 
drawn for  the  purpose  of  appointing  a  committee  to  formulate  a  general  ticket.  One 
delegate  from  each  subordinate  Union  represented  comprised  the  committee,  whose  duty, 
in  addition  to  the  selection  of  candidates  for  the  various  offices,  was  the  selection  of  a 
site  for  the  next  annual  session  of  the  International  Union. 

"After  selecting  Mr.  McLane  as  the  Presidential  nominee,  Mr.  Quinn  of  Boston  was 
nominated  for  Vice-President.  Mr.  Quinn,  however,  did  not  wish  to  compromise  in  any 
manner  the  claims  of  Boston  as  the  place  of  meeting  of  the  22nd  convention,  and  his 
name  was  withdrawn  as  a  candidate.  Your  delegate  was  then  nominated  for  the  position 
which,  for  the  honor  of  Providence  Union  as  well  as  for  myself,  would  gladly  have  been 
accepted,  but  believing  that  a  generous  declination  by  all  New  England  delegates  of  any 
offices  in  the  convention  would  secure  the  point  so  much  desired,  I  declined  the  nom- 
ination. 

"Business  was  then  proceeded  with  and  a  full  ticket  named. 

"A  long  discussion  then  ensued  on  the  respective  claims  of  Boston  and  St.  Louis  as 
the  next  place  of  meeting,  the  committee  finally  deciding  to  make  no  recommendation  to 
the  caucus. 

"The  proceedings  of  the  convention,  as  I  have  before  remarked,  will  soon  be  had  in 
printed  form,  but  I  will  call  attention  to  a  few  points  requiring  immediate  consideration. 

"The  constitution  of  No.  33  requires  the  payment  of  25  cents  for  each  travelling  card. 
The  International  Union  at  this  session  has  declared  that  no  subordinate  Union  has  a 
right  to  make  any  charge  whatever  for  a  travelling  card.  Although  seeming  somewhat 
arbitrary  at  first  glance,  I  am  of  the  opinion  that  the  ground  taken  by  the  International 
Union  is  substantial  and  just. 

"A  resolution  recommending  the  abolition  of  all  sub-lists  was  almost  unanimously 
adopted. 

"  The  new  International  Union  charter  is  now  ready  and  I  recommend  that  the 
corresponding  secretary  be  requested  to  send  for  it. 

"If  the  members  of  this  Union  could  have  heard  the  loud  and  prolonged  applause 
called  forth  by  the  corresponding  secretary's  report,  denouncing  a  class  of  parasites  that 
now  infest  almost  every  printing  office  in  America,  a  species  of  that  vermin  that  has 
brought  the  great  art  of  all  christian  intelligence  and  learning  into  contempt,  they  would 
seriously  think  of  a  matter  that  has  become  of  almost  vital  interest  to  all  good  craftsmen. 

"  The  unanimous  sentiment  of  the  International  Union  calls  upon  you  not  only  to 
refuse  to  aid  in  any  manner  this  horde  of  tramps,  boarding-house  jumpers,  dead  beats, 
and  all  others  who  cannot  give  a  clean  card,  but  to  denounce  and  drive  them  out  on 
every  occasion.  By  firm  and  unflinching  action  only  can  this  be  done.  Gentlemen,  as 
you  regard  your  own  welfare  and  self-respect,  I  ask  you  to  seriously  consider  this  matter. 

"Probably  the  most  important  subject  brought  before  the  International  convention, 
and  to  consider  which  the  only  special  committee  of  the  session  was  appointed,  was  what 
is  known  as  the  'Rouse's  Point  matter.'  The  President  appointed  the  following  as  the 
committee :  Messrs.  Livesey,  Freehan,  McNamara,  Quinn,  Craft,  Griffard,  Austin,  Curtiss 
and  Allbe.  At  a  meeting  of  the  committee  your  delegate  was  elected  secretary,  and  after 
a  thorough  discussion  of  the  subject  a  conclusion  was  reached  which  was  reported  to  the 
convention. 

"  When  I  receive  the  proper  papers  to  carry  out  suggestions,  I  will  inform  you  more 
fully  in  the  matter,  which  is  of  great  interest  to  all  parties  concerned  in  the  material  and 
mechanical  production  of  books,  and  more  especially  those  interests  of  the  Middle  States, 
New  England  States  and  New  York  State. 

"The  members  of  the  Montreal  and  Jacques  Cartier  Unions  entertained  us  very 
hospitably  and  I  should  be  pleased  to  think  that  the  presence  and  harmony  of  the  Inter- 
national convention  has  softened  the  bitter  feeling  existing  between  the  generous  mem- 
bers of  97  and  145. 

"There  were  92  delegates  present  and  is,  I  believe,  the  largest  number  ever  gathered 
at  any  session. 

"And  now,  gentlemen,  for  your  generous  appropriation  accept  my  sincere  thanks ; 
for  the  unanimity  of  your  votes  in  selecting  me  to  represent  you,  words  cannot  express 
my  gratitude. 


HISTORY  OF  PROVIDENCE  TYPOGRAPHICAL  UNION  93 


"  I  endeavored,  during  the  session,  to  do  whatever  should  ennure  to  the  benefit  of 
journeymen  throughout  North  America.  If  I  have  accomplished  anything  creditable  to 
the  Providence  Typographical  Union  I  am  satisfied. 

"Yours  truly, 

"Providence,  July  12,  1873."  "VoLNEY  Austin." 

One  hundred  and  ten  dollars  was  the  amount  appropriated  for  the 
delegate's  expenses,  and  an  entry  in  the  books  shows  that  the  delegate 
attempted  to  return  a  part  of  the  appropriation  as  an  unexpended  bal- 
ance, but  was  prevented  from  accomplishing  the  rash  act  by  the  Union's 
voting  that  he  retain  the  money.  The  exact  amount  is  not  given,  the 
sum  being  indicated  as  .  .  .  dollars. 

This  in  itself  would  seem  to  distinguish  Mr.  Austin  as  a  marvel 
among  delegates.  None  of  his  fellow-fortunates  before  or  since  that 
time  ever  attempted  such  a  thing,  and  that  he  failed  of  his  purpose  at 
that  time  can  hardly  be  offered  as  an  excuse  for  no  effort  to  emulate  his 
example  by  those  who  have  followed. 

A  motion  to  elect  a  chairman  for  the  Journal  office  was  defeated 
at  the  December  meeting.  At  the  meeting  held  February  14,  1874, 
Myron  W.  Dibble  was  appointed  chairman  of  that  office. 

April  14,  1874,  resolutions  on  the  death  of  George  T.  Arnold  were 
adopted. 

There  was  no  quorum  present  at  either  the  June  or  July  meetings. 

At  the  November  meeting,  a  member  was  removed  from  the  room 
for  being  intoxicated  and  the  case  referred  to  a  committee.  The  com- 
mittee recommended  that  the  offending  member  be  fined  $2  for  violation 
of  Article  XIII.,  Sec.  2.  of  the  constitution.  The  recommendation  was 
adopted,  but  later  the  fine  was  remitted. 

The  minutes  for  the  greater  part  of  the  four  years  following  are 
missing,  and  those  that  are  preserved  show  a  decided  lack  of  interest  on 
the  part  of  the  membership  for  a  proper  record  of  the  Union's  doings, 
and  gross  carelessness  or  incompetency  on  the  part  of  the  secretary. 

The  following  is  taken  from  a  journal  of  Alexander  M.  Robertson, 
one  of  the  first  members  of  the  Union : 

"The  last  meeting  of  the  Providence  Typographical  Union,  No.  33,  was  held  in 
Haggai  Hall,  Weybosset  street,  on  Saturday  evening,  May  11,  1878.  There  were  present: 
Asahel  P.  Brown,  Henry  A.  Barnes,  Joseph  B.  Leavens,  Frank  H.  Sears,  Henry  R.  Sawyer, 
Clarence  E.  Burtwell,  Ahira  Hall,  John  Croil  Ryan,  Samuel  T.  B.  Trimmer,  William  E. 
Tourtellot,  William  E.  Cooke,  Frank  Capron,  Alexander  M.  Robertson.  A  vote  of  disso- 
lution was  passed,  there  being  only  three  or  four  dissenting  votes,  and  the  charter  was  at 
once  returned  to  the  International  Union.  Cause  of  dissolution— lack  of  interest  and  lack 
of  funds  to  send  a  delegate  to  the  coming  meeting  of  the  parent  body,  an  imperative  re- 
quirement once  in  two  years." 


THE  REORGANIZATION 

In  the  fall  of  1882  steps  were  first  taken  in  the  movement  toward 
the  reorganization  of  Providence  Typographical  Union,  No.  33.  The 
charter  of  the  old  Union  had  been  surrendered  in  1878.  In  the  summer 
of  1882  a  communication  was  received  by  R.  J.  Faulkner  from  Chicago, 
signed  Mark  L.  Crawford,  then  secretary-treasurer  of  the  I.  T.  U., 
stating  that  "typographical  matters  were  booming  all  over  the  country" 
and  asking  why  "'Little  Rhody'  should  be  behind,"  and  winding  up 
with  "  I  will  torture  you  with  communications  till  you  take  some  action 
in  the  matter."  After  considerable  investigation  as  to  the  material  to 
work  on,  and  correspondence  with  Mr.  Crawford  and  George  Clarke  of 
St.  Louis,  then  President  of  the  I.  T.  U.,  Mr.  Faulkner,  in  conjunction 
with  E.  Leslie  Pike,  thoroughly  canvassed  the  city,  and  at  the  request 
of  Mr.  Clarke  to  "go  ahead  and  organize  and  the  I.  T.  U.  will  back  you 
up,"  started  in  on  the  work.  The  result  was  a  list  of  32  journeymen 
who  announced  a  wilhngness  to  join  the  movement. 

The  first  meeting  recorded  in  the  books  of  the  reorganized  Union  is 
under  date  of  April  1,  1883,  and  was  held  in  the  composing  room  of  the 
Telegram  office  for  the  purpose  of  receiving  the  report  of  the  charter 
committee,  appointed  at  a  previous  meeting,  and  to  take  the  necessary 
steps  to  re-establish  No.  33. 

The  meeting  was  called  to  order  by  C.  A.  Faller,  chairman  of  the 
Telegram  chapel. 

The  chairman  of  the  charter  committee  reported  for  that  committee, 
the  charter  was  presented  and  accepted,  and  the  committee  discharged. 

Temporary  officers  were  then  elected  as  follows :  President — George 
Westfield;  Treasurer — James  Moore;  Secretary — E.  Leslie  Pike. 

The  meeting  then  resolved  into  a  committee  of  the  whole.  A  com- 
mittee on  organization  was  appointed ;  every  member  holding  a  card  was 
assessed  one  dollar;   the  committee  arose  and  reported  progress. 

The  committee  on  organization  recommended  that  a  committee  on 
constitution  and  by-laws  be  elected.  The  recommendation  was  adopted 
arid  a  committee  of  five  elected. 

The  meeting  adjourned  subject  to  the  call  of  the  committee  on 
organization. 

A  meeting  was  held  the  following  Sunday  (April  8)  in  the  Provi- 
dence Temperance  Cadet's  Hall,  and  was  called  to  order  by  the  tempo- 
rary President,  George  Westfield. 

The  report  of  the  committee  on  organization  was  accepted  and  an 
order  of  business  adopted. 


HISTORY  OF  PROVIDENCE  TYPOGRAPHICAL  UNION  95 

The  following  cards  were  received  and  accepted :  Rudolph  DeLeeuw, 
Boston;  H.  T.  White,  New  Haven ;  Richard  J.  Faulkner,  Boston ;  James 
J.  Jones,  Washington,  D.  C. ;  Charles  T.  McKinley,  Boston ;  E.  Leshe 
Pike,  Boston ;  Ed.  P.  Rollins,  Buffalo,  N.  Y. ;  WilHam  B.  McCann,  New 
York ;   George  H.  Westfield,  New  York ;   Robert  W.  Carhsle,  Boston. 

The  following  were  then  obligated  as  members :  William  McCann, 
George  W.  Flynn,  George  W.  Turner,  Joseph  N.  B.  Meegan,  WilHam  M. 
Leavitt,  John  P.  Dolan,  Edwin  T.  Morse,  E.  T.  Spencer,  James  J.  Murray, 
WilHam  Palmer,  James  P.  Bowes,  Thomas  L.  Horan,  Joseph  G.  Hodg- 
kinson,  Owen  M.  Gledhill,  James  H.  Russell,  Joseph  F.  Doyle,  George  E. 
Boomer. 

The  election  of  permanent  officers  was  taken  up  and  resulted  as 
follows :  President — Richard  J.  Faulkner ;  Recording  and  Corresponding 
Secretary — Thomas  L.  Horan;  Financial  Secretary — E.  LesHe  Pike; 
Treasurer — W.  M.  Leavitt ;   Sergeant-at-Arms — George  W.  Flynn. 

A  vote  of  thanks  was  tendered  the  Providence  Temperance  Cadets 
for  the  kindly  use  of  their  hall  free  of  charge. 

The  next  meeting  was  held  in  the  same  hall  one  week  later,  and  the 
permanent  officers  elected  at  the  previous  meeting  were  installed,  with 
the  exception  of  W.  M.  Leavitt  as  treasurer,  who  asked  to  be  excused. 
The  request  was  granted,  and  J.  A.  McGuinness  was  nominated,  elected 
and  installed  as  treasurer. 

The  Union  voted  thanks  to  George  H.  Westfield  for  the  efficient 
manner  in  which  he  had  conducted  the  two  previous  meetings. 

At  this  meeting  the  travelHng  cards  of  C.  A.  Faher,  New  York, 
and  T.  B.  Somers,  Boston,  were  read  and  accepted,  and  the  foHowing 
gentlemen  obHgated :  John  J.  Nolan,  James  Moore,  J.  A.  McGuinness, 
Thomas  M.  Nolan,  Eugene  N.  Lancaster,  Samuel  M.  Bower,  Frank  N. 
Shaw,  WilHam  Donovan,  Charles  W.  RandaD,  Alfred  A.  Devenish,  John 
Rodgers,  Gordon  E.  Shepard. 

For  several  months  following  no  business  of  great  import  came  up 
for  consideration,  the  members  keeping  busy  with  the  work  of  gathering 
in  delinquent  "  card-holders  "  and  interviewing  those  journeymen  who 
had  never  belonged  to  the  Union.  Their  efforts  were  flatteringly  suc- 
cessful, and  a  large  percentage  of  those  employed  in  the  newspaper 
branch  of  the  trade  were  soon  affiliated  with  the  organization,  notwith- 
standing the  obstacles  thrown  in  their  way  by  Mr.  Danielson  of  the 
Journal  and  Z.  L.  White  of  the  Star  and  Press.  The  employes  of  the 
Journal  were  required  to  sign  a  card  stating  that  they  were  not  mem- 
bers of  Typographical  Union,  etc.,  and  those  of  the  Star  and  Press  were 
notified  that  summary  discharge  would  be  the  penalty  meted  out  to 
those  identifying  themselves  with  the  movement. 


96  PRINTERS  AND  PRINTING  IN  PROVIDENCE 

While  this  had  a  deterrent  effect  on  some  of  the  employes  in  both 
offices,  quite  a  number  signed  the  card  in  the  Journal  office  at  the 
request  of  the  executive  committee  and  still  held  their  membership, 
and  some  of  the  employes  of  the  Star  and  Press  also  joined  or  deposited 
their  cards  with  the  Union. 

The  investigating  committee  at  the  September  meeting  recom- 
mended that  the  Union  take  summary  action  on  the  cases  of  several 
gentlemen  who  had  been  backward  in  fulfilling  their  plain  obligations 
to  No.  33.  The  report  was  received  but  no  definite  action  was  taken  on 
the  recommendation. 

The  "strike  fund"  was  ah  unknown  institution  in  those  days,  and 
appeals  for  aid  from  sister  Unions  and  from  Unions  of  other  crafts  con- 
sumed much  of  the  time  of  every  meeting.  These  communications 
were  usually  read,  received  and  placed  on  file — that  spindle  upon  whose 
piercing  point  so  many  pathetic  prayers  have  been  impaled.  However, 
in  cases  where  the  circumstances  warranted  more  substantial  consider- 
ation, financial  assistance  was  seldom  withheld. 

It  was  at  this  meeting  (September  30, 1883)  that  the  first  appropri- 
ation was  made  in  behalf  of  a  sister  Union;  the  secretary  being  in- 
structed to  forward  the  sum  of  $5  to  Sacramento  Union,  whose  members 
were  then  on  strike. 

The  secretary,  at  the  same  meeting,  was  also  authorized  to  pay  the 
bill  of  $3  for  one-half  page  ad  in  the  "  Proceedings"  of  I.  T.  U.  convention 
for  1883. 

The  members  were  evidently  in  good  humor  at  the  November 
meeting.  E.  P.  RoUins  was  tendered  a  vote  of  thanks  for  faithful 
efforts  in  behalf  of  the  Union.  It  is  also  recorded  that  Mr.  Rollins  lost 
his  situation  because  of  those  efforts.  The  Union's  philanthropy  in- 
creased 100  per  cent,  at  this  meeting,  and  Ottawa  Union  was  the  bene- 
ficiary to  the  amount  of  $10.  The  spirit  of  forbearance  was  also  shown 
in  further  delaying  action  on  the  cases  of  delinquents,  which  was  still 
further  postponed  at  the  December  meeting. 

The  business  of  greatest  importance  at  the  December  meeting  was 
the  election  of  officers  for  the  ensuing  year,  which  resulted  as  follows: 
President — Meyrick  Waites;  Vice-President — J.  George  Hodgkinson; 
Financial  Secretary — John  A.  McGuinness;  Treasurer — William  Don- 
ovan;  Sergeant-at-Arms— Willian  B.  McCann. 

President  Faulkner  administered  the  oath  of  office  to  President-elect 
Waites,  who  in  turn  swore  in  the  remaining  officers-elect. 

The  first  meeting  of  1884  was  called  to  order  Wednesday,  January 
30,  by  President  Waites. 


HISTORY  OF  PROVIDENCE  TYPOGRAPHICAL  UNION  97 

Under  the  head  of  "New  Business"  the  President  suggested  that  a 
committee  be  appointed  to  interview  other  labor  organizations  of  the 
city  and  vicinity  in  regard  to  forming  a  Central  Labor  Union.  The 
President  was  given  the  power  to  select  such  a  committee  and  he  named 
Joseph  C.  Barker  and  James  M.  Gould  to  act  with  himself  in  the  matter. 

The  President  also  called  attention  to  the  defectiveness  of  the  con- 
stitution and  by-laws  then  in  use  by  the  Union,  and  a  committee  was 
appointed  to  remedy  the  defects. 

The  secretary  was  instructed  to  inscribe  on  the  roll  of  honorary 
members  the  name  of  P.  P.  Pomeroy,  a  printer,  who  had  not  worked  at 
the  business  for  over  a  year  at  that  time.  This  gentleman,  therefore, 
is  entitled  to  the  distinction  of  being  the  first  honorary  member  under 
the  reorganization. 

At  this  meeting,  also,  a  committee  was  appointed  to  arrange  for  a 
grand  ball,  and  Meagher  Guards'  Armory  was  the  scene,  and  April  21 
the  date  of  the  brilliant  affair.  From  9  P.  M.  until  4  A.  M.  the  next 
morning,  according  to  newspaper  accounts,  "the  Knights  of  the  stick 
and  rule  threw  themselves  into  the  mazes  of  the  merry  waltz  with  as 
free  abandon  as  etiquette  and  good  breeding  admitted."  The  Alpine 
Orchestra,  E.  A.  Young,  leader,  furnished  the  music  for  the  occasion, 
and  Caterer  Davis  of  the  Dorrance  Hotel,  supphed  the  bounteous  feast. 
WilHam  Donovan  was  floor  director  and  Meyrick  Waites  assisted  Mr. 
Donovan. 

J,  H.  Russell,  James  M.  Gould,  William  Comyn,  WilHam  Donovan 
and  Thomas  C.  Shanley  acted  as  committee  of  arrangements.  Mr. 
Russell,  for  the  committee,  reported  at  a  later  meeting  that,  socially, 
the  affair  was  a  grand  success,  but  financially,  the  Union  was  $29  to 
the  bad. 

A  costly  souvenir  programme,  given  with  each  ticket,  was  held  to 
be  responsible  for  the  deficiency. 

At  the  February  meeting  the  chairman  of  the  investigating  com- 
mittee reported  that  it  had  ratified  an  agreement  between  the  pub- 
Hshers  of  the  Morning  Star  and  Evening  Press  and  their  employes. 

President  Waites  explained  the  advantages  gained  by  the  employes 
in  general  and  the  Union  in  particular,  and  recommended  that  the  Union 
sanction  the  ratification  of  the  investigating  committee.  This  action 
was  taken  by  unanimous  vote,  and  the  President  was  thanked  for  his 
services  in  the  matter. 

The  agreement  referred  to  above  is  incorporated  in  that  part  of  the 
history  deahng  with  plate  matter. 

President  Waites  reported  at  the  meeting  held  March  27,  that  a 
convention  was  to  be  held  in  Temperance  Cadets'  hall  on  Thursday 


98  PRINTERS  AND  PRINTING  IN  PROVIDENCE 

evening,  March  29,  for  the  purpose  of  organizing  a  Central  Labor  Union. 
Two  delegates  were  elected  (Messrs.  Waites  and  Pike)  to  represent 
No.  33,  and  the  officers  of  Providence  Typographical  Union  were  ap- 
pointed by  President  Waites  as  a  reception  committee  to  receive  the 
delegates  to  the  labor  convention. 

April  30,  1884,  a  committee  was  appointed  to  inquire  into  the  feasi- 
bility of  holding  an  excursion  during  the  summer,  either  as  a  Printers' 
Day,  or  as  a  celebration  in  conjunction  with  the  Central  Labor  Union. 
At  the  May  meeting  the  date  for  holding  the  excursion  was  fixed  for 
July  9,  but  was  later  changed  to  July  22,  the  same  to  be  known  as 
"  Printers'  Day."  The  excursion  on  this  occasion  was  not  exclusively  a 
Union  affair,  the  original  Union  committee  having  interested  a  number 
of  printers  who  were  not  members  at  that  time.  Previous  to  taking 
boats  for  Rocky  Point  a  short  street  parade  was  made.  The  line  was 
formed  on  North  Main  street  at  the  foot  of  Waterman  street,  at  9  o'clock, 
as  follows :  Platoon  of  police ;  Chief  Marshal  George  W.  Barry ;  Aids, 
T.  M.  Nolan,  J.  A.  Belcher ;  Herrick's  Brigade  Band,  J.  0.  Casey,  leader ; 
Typographical  Union,  Meyrick  Waites,  marshal.  At  the  Union  depot 
the  line  was  augmented  by  a  number  of  guests  who  had  been  received 
by  James  H.  Russell.  The  visitors  included  Charles  Miller,  Nashua, 
N.  H. ;  Andrew  F.  Moran,  Charles  Sanford,  John  Burns,  Charles  H. 
Bigelow,  Edgar  Collins,  New  York ;  James  Rice,  Charles  Hubbley,  Fred 
Reilly,  Harvey  Chappell,  William  McGrath,  Theodore  B.  Somers,  Frank 
McNamee,  Henry  White,  Percy  B.  S.  Thaj^er,  Charles  Baker,  Edward 
Quinn,  Frank  Brayton,  John  Whittem,  Wilham  Hayes,  James  Pym, 
L.  Cates,  Martin  Kelly,  John  Hayes,  J.  Noonan,  W.  RoebbHng,  C.  Wixon, 
F.  Falvey,  T.  J.  Murphy,  James  Harvey,  George  Appleton,  John  Galvin, 
B.  B.  Newell  and  others  from  Boston. 

The  committee  representing  the  Union  on  this  occasion  consisted 
of  James  H.  Russell,  James  Gould,  William  Donovan,  John  Clarkson, 
Thomas  M.  Nolan  and  William  Carroll.  The  excursion  was  a  pro- 
nounced success  in  every  particular. 

The  idea  suggested  at  the  time  of  the  appointment  of  the  above 
committee,  of  combining  with  the  Central  Labor  Union  in  a  like  cele- 
bration, met  with  such  favor  that  before  the  time  of  celebrating 
"Printers'  Day"  the  Union  had  accepted  an  invitation  from  the  Central 
Labor  Union  to  take  part  in  a  grand  parade  and  excursion  to  Rocky 
Point  under  the  auspices  of  that  body.  This  action  was  taken  at  a 
meeting  held  July  3.  Aside  from  celebrations  inaugurated  since  the 
establishment  of  Labor  Day  and  held  on  that  day,  the  demonstration  on 
that  occasion  was  probably  the  greatest  ever  made  by  the  Union  forces 
of  Rhode  Island.    August  19  was  the  date  of  the  event.     The  line  was 


HISTORY   OF  PROVIDENCE  TYPOGRAPHICAL  UNION  99 

headed  by  Sergeant  Murray,  now  deputy  chief,  and  a  squad  of  police, 
followed  by  Hedley's  Band,  Drum  Corps,  Emmett  Cadets,  Delegates 
Central  Labor  Union,  Typographical  Union,  Guests  from  Woonsocket 
and  Attleboro,  Tailors'  Protective  Union,  Guests  from  Boston,  Hartford 
and  Lowell,  R.  L  Fife  and  Drum  Band,  Enterprise  Association,  Olney- 
ville  Labor  Association,  Fall  River  Labor  Association,  Pawtucket  Cigar- 
makers,  Representatives  of  Mechanics,  Carpenters  and  Shoemakers. 
After  a  short  parade  through  the  downtown  streets,  the  party  embarked 
on  the  steamer  Day  Star,  on  which  were  as  guests  of  the  Central  Union 
Gen.  Benj.  F.  Butler,  of  Massachusetts ;  Senator  A.  W.  Blair,  of  New 
Hampshire;  Frank  K.  Foster,  of  Haverhill;  and  Hon.  William  Sprague, 
ex-Governor  of  Rhode  Island.  Upon  reaching  Rocky  Point  the  guests 
were  escorted  to  the  cohseum,  where  addresses  were  made  by  General 
Butler,  Frank  K.  Foster,  Louis  F.  Post  of  New  York,  and  others. 

Seated  upon  the  stage  were  Secretary  Howard,  of  Fall  River  Textile 
Association;  Henry  Oscar  Cole,  ex-President  International  Bricklayers; 
Doctor  Garvin,  Thomas  Robinson,  of  Pawtucket;  Mrs.  B.  C.  Hillsman, 
Mrs.  Abbie  Lawrence  and  Mrs.  E.  M.  Bowles,  who  was  delegate  to  the 
Indianapohs  convention  which  nominated  General  Butler  for  the  Presi- 
dency of  the  United  States. 

Letters  of  regret  were  read  from  John  Swinton,  Henry  George  and 
Congressman  Foran  of  Ohio. 

It  was  announced  from  the  stage  that  as  soon  as  Senator  Blair 
stepped  from  the  boat  he  was  handed  a  telegram  which  necessitated  his 
immediate  return  home. 

Final  arrangements  for  the  parade  were  made  at  a  special  meeting 
held  August  15,  in  the  composing  room  of  the  Telegram.  A  banner  to 
cost  not  more  than  $15  was  ordered  at  this  meeting,  as  were  also  badges. 
It  was  voted  to  insert  a  card  in  the  daily  papers  calling  upon  members 
to  meet  at  54  North  Main  street,  Tuesday,  August  19,  to  take  part  in 
the  parade. 

The  resignation  of  President  Waites  was  presented  at  the  May 
meeting,  and  laid  upon  the  table,  and  it  was  not  until  the  September 
meeting  that  the  resignation  was  finally  accepted. 

In  August  a  delegation  from  the  New  York  Bricklayers  Union  was 
given  the  privilege  of  presenting  their  appeal  for  financial  assistance 
from  the  floor  of  the  Union,  and  they  evidently  convinced  those  present 
of  the  worthiness  of  their  errand,  from  the  fact  that  a  donation  of  $25 
is  recorded. 

Resolutions  of  condemnation  of  the  New  York  Tribune  for  the  vio- 
lation of  an  agreement  with  its  employes,  were  passed  at  the  November 
(1884)  meeting  and  a  boycotting  committee  appointed  in  conformity 


100  PRINTERS  AND  PRINTING  IN  PROVIDENCE 

with  the  request  of  No.  6,  and  the  matter  brought  before  the  Central 
Labor  Union.  In  March,  1887,  the  boycotting  committee  made  a  final 
report  to  the  effect  that  the  sale  of  the  Tribune  had  been  practically 
suppressed  in  this  State ;  that  no  copies  of  that  paper  were  then  exposed 
for  sale  at  any  newspaper  stand  in  this  city. 

The  year  1885  was  a  most  strenuous  one  in  Union  affairs.  Matters, 
then  of  great  importance  to  the  craft,  came  up  for  consideration  and 
reconsideration  month  after  month  at  regular  and  special  meetings,  and 
in  some  cases  the  subject  of  discussion  was  not  disposed  of  until  the 
lapse  of  years. 

"  Plate  matter  "  was  one  of  the  questions  which  perplexed  the  mind 
of  the  printer  during  that  year,  and  for  a  long  period  following,  and 
occasioned  a  flow  of  oratory  that  seems  to  have  been  checked  only  by 
the  degeneration  of  the  subject  as  a  matter  of  importance.  Because  of 
the  volume  of  preambles  and  resolutions,  arguments,  appeals,  communi- 
cations and  decisions,  this  matter  will  be  treated  as  briefly  as  the  impor- 
tance of  the  subject  will  admit. 

The  Standard  Dictionary  defines  plate  matter  as  follows : 

"Matter  for  newspapers  and  periodicals,  cast  in  stereotyped  plates  and  sold  to  be  used 
by  several  papers  at  practically  the  same  time." 

The  invention  of  plate  matter  made  possible  the  enlargement  of 
newspapers  owned  by  the  less  successful  publishers,  who  could  not 
compete  with  their  more  fortunate  brothers  were  they  compelled  to  pay 
the  price  of  hand  composition  to  increase  the  number  of  their  pages. 

Plate  matter  came  in  column  lengths— telegraph,  miscellany  and 
stories.  Six  columns  of  telegraph  per  day,  36  columns  per  week,  cost  $15. 
The  same  amount  of  hand  composition  would  cost  about  $70.  Naturally, 
publishers  all  over  the  country  who  could  not  otherwise  afford  to  en- 
large their  papers  adopted  the  "  boiler-plate  "  method. 

The  International  Union,  because  of  a  diversity  of  opinion  through- 
out its  jurisdiction  upon  the  subject,  referred  the  matter  of  its  regulation 
to  subordinate  Unions. 

It  was  claimed  by  the  defenders  of  its  use  that  Union  men  were 
employed  in  setting  up  the  type  for  the  ready-made  matter ;  that  papers 
now  being  published  would  be  enlarged ;  that  new  papers  would  be 
established,  and  that  it  would  eventually  prove  beneficial  to  the  craft. 

The  argument  that  Union  men  were  employed  in  its  manufacture 
seemed  of  httle  consequence  to  the  opponents  of  its  use,  since  the  work 
of  a  few  threw  hundreds  out  of  employment,  they  claimed.  They  be- 
heved  that  the  publishers,  instead  of  enlarging  their  papers,  would 
curtail  composition ;  they  denied  that  new  papers  would  be  established 
or  flourish  by  its  use ;  rather  was  it  an  imposition  upon  the  reading 
public  and  a  present  menace  to  the  craft. 


HISTORY  OF  PROVIDENCE  TYPOGRAPHICAL  UNION  101 

The  first  daily  papers  of  this  city  to  make  use  of  plate  matter  to 
any  great  extent  were  the  Evening  Press  and  Morning  Star  and  for 
several  months  they  enjoyed  the  benefit  undisturbed. 

To  the  employes  of  the  Press  and  Star  it  looked  as  if  the  abolition 
of  "  plates  "  would  mean  the  early  suspension  of  those  papers,  thereby 
depriving  about  30  printers  of  work,  hence  the  stubborn  fight  of  those 
printers  against  Union  interference. 

The  question  of  its  regulation  or  control  first  came  before  a  special 
meeting  of  the  Union  held  September  17,  1885.  James  M.  Gould,  chair- 
man of  the  Telegram  chapel,  announced  that  D.  0.  Black,  then  proprie- 
tor of  the  Evening  Telegram,  wished  to  introduce  plate  matter  into 
that  oflftce.  After  lengthy  discussion  the  matter  was  referred  to  a  com- 
mittee to  confer  with  the  proprietors  of  the  Telegram,  Press  and  Star. 
This  committee  made  a  verbal  report  at  a  meeting  held  September  21, 
and  also  read  an  agreement  between  the  compositors  and  Z.  L.  White 
of  the  Star  and  Press,  and  one  between  the  Union  and  Z.  L.  White. 

A  resolution  was  offered  that  Z.  L.  White  be  notified  of  the 
termination  of  all  agreements  existing  between  Providence  Typo- 
graphical Union  and  himself  30  days  from  date  of  said  notice. 

Point  of  order  raised  that  this  meeting  was  called  to  consider  the 
question  of  "  plate  matter,"  and  that  the  agreement  could  not  be  acted 
upon. 

The  chair  ruled  the  point  not  well  taken. 

Amendment  was  made  that  the  agreement  be  continued.  Ruled 
out  of  order. 

The  original  resolution  was  passed. 

Notice  of  appeal  to  I.  T.  U.  was  given. 

The  following  is  the  full  text  of  the  appeal  in  which  is  included  the 
agreement  previously  referred  to : 

"At  a  full  meeting  of  the  Star  chapel,  held  Wednesday  afternoon,  September  23,  1885, 
for  the  purpose  of  considering  the  action  of  Providence  Typographical  Union,  No.  33,  at 
special  meetings  held  September  17  and  21,  it  was  voted  unanimously  to  make  an  appeal 
to  the  President  of  the  International  Typographical  Union,  and  a  committee  was  appointed 
for  that  purpose.  The  following  is  their  appeal : 
"To  Martin  R.  H.  Witter,  President,  International  Typographical  Union: 

"The  undersigned,  members  of  Providence  Typographical  Union,  No.  33,  do  hereby 
make  an  appeal  to  you,  as  President  of  the  International  Typographical  Union,  on  the 
points  hereafter  enumerated,  and  for  the  reasons  herein  stated: 

"A  call  was  issued,  dated  September  16,  1885,  5:30  o'clock  P.  M.,  by  the  executive 
committee  of  Providence  Typographical  Union,  No.  33,  for  a  special  meeting,  to  take 
place  on  Thursday,  September  17,  1885,  at  5  P.M.  The  object  of  this  meeting  is:  to 
discuss  the  proposition  of  Mr.  D.  0.  Black  to  use  plate  matter  on  the  Telegram. 

"Another  call,  stating  the  object  of  the  meeting  to  be,  'to  discuss  the  introduction  of 
plate  matter  into  Union  offices  in  this  city,'  was  also  posted  in  the  Star  office,  but 
Mr.  Palmer,  a  member  of  said  executive  committee,  states  that  said  call  was  changed  in 
his  presence  by  the  President  of  the  Union,  Mr.  John  P.  Horan,  after  it  had  been  signed 
by  the  secretary,  and  without  authorization  from  the  executive  committee. 


102  PRINTERS  AND  PRINTING  IN   PROVIDENCE 


"  [See  Mr.  William  Palmer's  affidavit,  Exhibit  I.  See  also  Exhibit  IV.  We  desire  you 
to  rule  on  the  legality  of  such  a  call.] 

"At  the  special  meeting  of  Thursday,  September  17,  Thomas  L.  Horan  offered  the 
following: 

"Resolved,  That  this  Union  insists  that  where  plate  matter  is  used  in  Union  offices, 
or  in  offices  where  Union  men  are  employed,  it  shall  be  paid  for  at  full  composition  rates, 
and  to  that  end  proof  slips  of  such  matter  shall  be  taken,  cut  up  and  placed  upon  the  hook 
as  regular  copy. 

"Seconded. 

"  Mr.  Carroll  made  a  point  of  order  that  the  above  resolution  was  establishing  in  part 
a  scale  of  prices,  and  therefore  could  not  be  legally  considered  at  a  special  meeting.  See 
Articles  XV.  and  XVI.,  viz: 

"ARTICLE  XV. 

"SCALE   OF   PRICES. 

"The  scale  of  prices  established  by  this  Union  shall,  in  all  cases,  be  considered  a  part 
of  this  constitution;  and  no  member  shall,  on  any  pretense  whatever,  work  for  less  prices 
than  are  therein  specified,  without  permission  from  this  Union. 

"ARTICLE  XVI. 

"ALTERING  AND  AMENDING  THE  CONSTITUTION. 

"An  alteration  or  amendment  of  this  constitution  must  be  offered  at  a  regular  meeting 
of  the  Union,  and,  if  seconded,  shall  be  entered  on  the  minutes.  At  the  next  stated 
meeting  it  may  be  considered,  and,  if  agreed  to  by  the  votes  of  two-thirds  of  the  members 
present,  said  number  being  not  less  than  twenty,  shall  become  a  part  of  the  constitution ; 
provided,  that  any  alteration  or  amendment  receiving  a  unanimous  vote  at  any  regular 
meeting  shall  become  a  part  of  this  constitution  without  previous  notice. 

"  The  point  of  order  was  overruled  and  the  decision  of  the  chair  sustained  by  a 
majority  vote. 

"A  substitute  motion,  to  appoint  a  committee  of  five  to  confer  with  the  proprietors  of 
the  Morning  Star  and  Evening  Telegram,  was  moved  and  carried  in  place  of  the  preceding 
motion,  and  the  committee  was  directed  to  report  at  an  adjourned  special  meeting  to  be 
holden  on  Monday,  September  21,  1885,  at  5  o'clock  P.  M. 

"[We  desire  you  to  decide  on  the  point  of  order  stated  above.] 

"At  the  adjourned  special  meeting  on  Monday,  September  21,  the  special  cpmmittee 
of  five  reported  their  interviews  with  Mr.  Z.  L.  White,  publisher  of  the  Star,  and  with  Mr. 
D.  0.  Black,  publisher  of  the  Telegram,  but  made  no  recommendations.  Their  report 
disclosed  the  existence  of  a  contract  between  Mr.  Z.  L.  White  and  the  printers  in  his 
employ,  which  had  been  sanctioned  by  the  Union. 

"[For  copies  of  agreement,  etc.,  see  Exhibit  II.] 

"The  report  of  the  committee  also  disclosed  the  fact  that  Mr.  D.  0.  Black  did  not 
intend  to  use  plate  matter,  but  that  he  only  wished  the  Union  to  take  action  to  prevent 
Mr.  White  from  using  it.     The  report  was  received. 

"Mr.  Tanner  offered  the  following: 

"Resolved,  That  the  executive  committee  be  instructed  to  notify  Mr.  Z.  L.  White  of 
the  termination  of  any  and  all  agreements  existing  between  him  and  Providence  Typo- 
graphical Union,  with  the  specified  thirty  days  notice. 

"  Seconded. 

"Mr.  Carroll  made  a  point  of  order  that  the  above  resolution  was  not  in  order,  in  that 
the  special  meeting  had  been  called  to  consider  the  subject  of  plate  matter  only. 

"The  point  of  order  was  overruled,  an  appeal  to  the  Union  taken,  and  the  chair 
sustained. 

"  The  vote  on  the  resolution  was  announced  as  36  to  21  and  the  chair  decided  the 
resolution  carried. 

"Mr.  Carroll   then   called  attention  to  Article  IV,  Section  1,  of  the  constitution,  viz: 

"ARTICLE  IV. 

"  DUTIES   OF   COMMITTEES. 

"Section  1.  The  executive  committee  shall  consist  of  five  members  i,  including  the 
recording  secretary  );  they  shall  have  charge  of  all  matters  pertaining  to  the  interests  of 
the  craft,  or  such  other  business  as  may  properly  be  laid  before  them  ;  they  shall  take, 
in  all  cases  (except  ordering  strikes,  )  such  action  as  will  further  the  good  and  welfare  of 
the  Uniim ;  they  shall  decide  on  all  matters  referred  to  them  by  a  vote  of  the  Union,  and 
their  decision  shall  in  all  cases  be  binding  until  reversed  by  a  two-thirds  vote  of  the  Union 
at  any  meeting;  they  shall  have  power  in   cases  of  special  emergency  to  appropriate 


HISTORY   OF  PROVIDENCE  TYPOGRAPHICAL  UNION  103 


money  out  of  the  treasury  by  a  unanimous  vote  of  the  committee;    the  secretary  of  the 
Union,  as  presiding  officer,  shall  have  the  casting  vote  in  all  the  meetings  of  the  committee. 
"Mr.  Carroll  claimed  that  it  required  a  two-thirds-  vote  to  reverse  action  taken  by  the 
executive  committee. 

"  The  President  ruled  the  point  hot  well  taken,  and  before  a  vote  was  reached  on  the 
point  of  order,  the  meeting  adjourned. 

"[We  desire  you  to  rule  on  the  two  points — in  regard  to  the  legality  of  the  special 
meeting  to  break  said  agreement,  and  also  on  the  required  vote  necessary  to  overturn  a 
decision  of  the  executive  committee.] 

"At  the  regular  meeting  of  September  27,  the  executive  committee  reported  as  follows : 

"Providence,  R.  I.,  Sept.  27,  1885. 
"To  THE  Officers  and  Members  of  Providence  Typographical  Union,  No.  33: 

"The  executive  committee  would  beg  leave  to  report  that  it  has  acted  on  the  matter 
referred  to  it;  namely,  the  resolution  passed »at  the  last  special  meeting  of  this  Union, 
and  has  decided,  by  a  majority  vote  of  the  members  of  the  committee,  to  give  such  notice 
to  Mr.  Z.  L.  White  of  the  termination  of  the  contract  or  agreement  existing  between 
Providence  Typographical  Union  and  the  Star  office  management. 

"The  notice  has  been  drawn  up,  and  would  have  been  sent  on  the  26th  inst.,  but  for 
the  fact  that  the  signatures  of  all  or  a  majority  of  the  members  of  the  committee  could 
not  be  obtained.  The  notice  will  be  sent  in  to-morrow.  The  committee  have  been 
directed  by  the  President  to  instruct  all  members  of  the  Union  employed  in  the  Star  office 
who  have  signed  the  contract  or  agreement  between  the  employes  and  management  of 
the  Press  Company,  whether  members  of  the  Union  at  the  time  of  signing  said  contract 
or  agreement,  or  having  since  joined,  to  notify  Mr.  Z.  L.  White  of  the  termination  of  said 
contract  or  agreement,  on  the  specified  thirty  days'  notice,  and  the  committee  will  so  in- 
struct the  employes  of  the  Star  office  after  notice  shall  have  been  served  on  Mr.  Z.  L.  White. 
"According  to  a  clause  in  the  General  Laws  of  the  International  Typographical  Union, 
entitled  Suspensions,  Agreements,  page  154,  all  such  contracts  or  agreements  are  illegal, 
and  the  contract  or  agreement  between  this  Union  and  the  management  of  the  Star  office 
is,  therefore,  null  and  void;  but  as  the  management  of  the  Star  office  may  not  be  aware 
of  that  fact,  it  is  deemed  proper  by  the  committee  that  they  should  give  the  thirty  days' 
notice  called  for  by  the  contract  or  agreement,  as  a  matter  of  courtesy  on  the  part  of 
Providence  Typographical  Union. 

"All  of  which  is  respectfully  submitted. 

"J.  A.  McGuiNNESS,  Chairman, 
"0.  M.  Gledhill, 
"Charles  H.  Stiles, 
"The  report  was  adopted.  "Charles  H.  McPherson,  Executive  Committee 

"[We  ask  you  to  rule  whether  our  agreement  ( Exhibit  II. )  with  Mr.  White,  of  the 
Star,  was  illegal  under  the  laws  of  the  International  Typographical  Union.] 

"The  committee  in  making  this  appeal  as  directed  by  the  Star  chapel  can  say  that 
they,  and  those  they  represent,  are  actuated  solely  by  a  desire  to  secure  justice  and 
harmony ;  but  they  feel  that  if  the  proceedings  of  our  Union  are  to  be  conducted  in  ways 
that  seem  to  them  contrary  to  all  the  provisions  of  our  local  constitution  and  also  contrary 
to  the  spirit  and  letter  of  the  general  laws  and  all  recognized  parliamentary  practice,  that 
there  is  no  security  for  us  in  the  future  against  unwise  and  hasty  action. 
"(Signed)  "Robert  Grieve, 

"William  Carroll, 

"William  B.  McCann,  Committee  Star  Chapel. 
"Joseph  C.  Barker,  "William  Carroll, 

"Edwin  W.  Smith,  "Robert  Grieve, 

"A.  H.  Nutting,  "William  B.  McCann, 

"S.  T.  Trimmer,  "Robert  W.  Carlisle, 

"  W.  J.  Meegan,  "John  Duffy, 

"  H.  A.  Darling,  "Elias  S.  Nickerson, 

"J.C.Ryan,  "R.J.Clowes, 

"William  Palmer,  "F.  P.  Creamer, 

"  C.  E.  Burtwell,  "Thomas  H.  Phillips, 

"A.  P.  Brown,  " E.  L.  Pike. 


"Note.  Mr.  Charles  H.  McPherson  was  one  of  two  extra  members  added  by  the 
President  to  the  committee;  but  he  was  not  at  the  time  he  was  so  appointed  a  member  of 
the  Union,  as  his  card  had  not  been  accepted  at  a  meeting  of  the  Union. 


104  PRINTERS  AND  PRINTING  IN  PROVIDENCE 


"  It  was  voted  by  the  Star  chapel  that  Messrs.  William  Palmer  and  Robert  Grieve, 
members  of  the  executive  committee  of  Providence  Typographical  Union,  No.  33,  be  re- 
quested to  transmit  to  the  President  of  the  International  Typographical  Union,  a  copy  of 
the  statement  they  had  made  to  the  Star  Chapel,  as  to  what  had  occurred  at  a  meeting  of 
the  executive  committee,  Tuesday  evening,  September  20.     The  statement  is  as  follows: 

"[Copy.] 

"A  meeting  of  the  executive  committee  of  Providence  Typographical  Union,  Ne.  33, 
was  held  Tuesday  evening,  September  20,  about  6  o'clock,  in  the  editorial  room  of  the 
Evening  Telegram.  The  whole  committee,  consisting  of  Messrs.  McGuinness,  Gledhill, 
Stiles,  Palmer  and  Grieve  were  present.  After  the  satisfactory  settlement  of  one  point  of 
business,  a  discussion  was  entered  into  concerning  the  recent  action  of  the  Union,  Messrs. 
Grieve  and  Palmer  holding  it  to  be  illegal,  and  Messrs.  Stiles  and  Gledhill  maintaining  an 
opposite  view ;  but  still  the  discussion  was  being  conducted  in  a  ver}'  friendly  and  broth- 
erly spirit.  Early  in  the  discussion,  Mr.  John  P.  Horan,  President  of  the  Union,  came 
in,  and  offered  as  an  excuse  that  he  was  locked  out  of  another  part  of  the  building,  and 
would  consequently  remain  with  the  committee  and  listen.  Nothing  was  said  and  he  re- 
mained. Mr.  Stiles  and  Mr.  Grieve  in  continuing  the  discussion,  differed  on  the  point  as 
to  the  bearing  of  the  general  laws  of  the  International  Typographical  Union,  in  regard  to 
contracts  between  employers  and  employes,  and  Mr.  Stiles  was  proceeding  to  show  Mr. 
Grieve  the  sections  of  the  International  law  bearing  on  the  subject,  when  Mr.  Horan 
objected,  saying  that  he  wished  to  hold  that  point  in  reserve  for  his  own  subsequent  use. 
Mr.  Grieve  then  demanded  from  Mr.  Horan  what  right  he  had  to  be  present  and  take  part 
in  the  deliberations  of  the  executive  committee,  and  Mr.  Horan  answered  that  as  President 
of  the  Union,  he  had  a  right  to  be  present  and  have  a  voice  in  doings  of  all  committees. 
Mr.  Grieve  refused  to  recognize  that  alleged  right,  and  demanded  from  Mr.  Stiles  that  he 
proceed  as  if  Mr.  Horan  was  not  present  and  had  not  objected;  but  Mr.  Stiles  did  not  so 
proceed.  The  discussion  then  went  on  in  a  general  way  for  a  few  minutes  longer,  when  an 
interruption  was  again  made  by  Mr.  Horan,  who,  in  an  angry  tone  of  voice  said  substan- 
tially:  'If  this  discussion  goes  on  as  it  is  now  doing, and  the  committee  does  not  take  the 
action  which  it  has  been  directed  to  do  by  the  Union,  I  will  within  one  hour  add  five  more 
members  to  the  executive  committee.'  Mr.  Palmer  made  a  motion  to  adjourn,  which  was 
seconded,  but  not  put  by  the  chair,  whereupon  Messrs.  Palmer  and  Grieve  departed, 
refusing  to  stay  longer  after  receiving,  what  seemed  to  them,  an  insult  from  the  President 
of  the  Union,  or  at  least  a  threat  from  him  that  if  they  did  not  pursue  a  certain  course  he 
would  do  certain  things. 

"(Signed)  "  William  Palmer, 

"Robert  Grieve. 
"  [Exhibit  I.] 

"I,  William  Palmer,  a  member  of  Providence  Typographical  Union,  No.  33,  and  also 
one  of  the  executive  committee  of  said  organization,  depose  and  say  that  on  Wednesday 
evening,  September  16,  1885,  about  5:30  o'clock,  I  met  John  P.  Horan,  President  of  the 
Union,  on  Custom  House  street,  in  said  city,  and  Mr.  Horan  did  then  and  there  show  me  a 
call,  purporting  to  be  issued  by  the  executive  committee,  for  a  special  meeting  of  said 
Union,  to  be  held  next  day,  and  said  Horan  changed  the  wording  of  the  object  of  the  call 
in  my  presence,  substituting  the  words  'Union  offices,'  for  'Telegram  office,'  and  made 
such  other  alterations  as  such  change  rendered  necessary. 

"William  Palmer. 

"State  of  Rhode  Island,  Providence  Plantations. 

"Providence  Sc. — Subscribed  and  sworn  to  before  me,  this  26th  day  of  September,  1885. 

"  William  A.  Phillips,  Notary  Public. 
"  [Exhibit  II.] 
"  [Copy.] 

"Providence,  R.  I.,  Feb.  26,  1884. 

"  It  is  mutually  agreed  between  the  Providence  Press  Co.  and  the  compositors  em- 
ployed in  its  newspaper  composing  room,  whose  names  are  appended  to  this  instrument : 

"1.  That  the  Providence  Press  Co.  will  remove  the  restriction  now  in  force  in  ac- 
cordance with  which  it  refuses  to  employ  any  printer  who  is  a  member  of  the  printer's 
Union. 

"2.  That  the  compositors  whose  names  are  hereunto  appended,  agree  that,  as  long 
as  they  are  in  the  employ  of  the  Providence  Press  Co.,  they  will  not  engage  in,  counte- 
nance nor  advise  any  attempt  on  the  part  of  any  person  or  persons,  whether  in  the  employ 


HISTORY  OF  PROVIDENCE  TYPOGRAPHICAL  UNION  105 


of  the  Providence  Press  Co.  or  not,  to  prevent,  on  account  of  his  membership  or  non- 
membership  in  any  printers'  Union,  the  employment  of  any  compositor  by  the  Providence 
Press  Co.  in  the  usual  manner,  or  the  dismissal  of  any  one  upon  the  customary  week's 
notice  for  just  cause.  And  further,  that  they  will  not  interfere  with  the  right  of  any 
such  printers  to  work  unmolested  on  account  of  their  connection  or  non-connection  with 
any  printers'  Union  or  other  organization. 

"3.  It  is  further  agreed  by  the  compositors  in  the  employ  of  the  Providence  Press 
Co.,  whose  names  are  appended  to  this,  that  they  will  not,  while  they  remain  in  such  em- 
ploy, engage  in,  countenance  nor  advise  interference  by  any  printers'  Union,  or  other 
organization,  with  any  of  the  internal  arrangements  of  the  Providence  Press  Co.'s  office, 
until  all  methods  of  adjustment  provided  in  this  agreement  shall  have  failed,  or  with  the 
rates  that  shall  be  paid  for  labor,  but  will  leave  all  such  matters  to  be  adjusted  by  mutual 
agreement  between  employers  and  employes.  And  in  case  of  disagreement  in  regard  to 
any  of  these  matters,  it  is  also  agreed  that  the  compositors  aforesaid  shall  not  inaugurate 
nor  engage  in  any  strike  in  the  office  of  the  Providence  Press  Co.,  without  having  given 
to  the  manager  at  least  one  month's  notice  of  their  intention  to  do  so.  And  that  said 
Providence  Press  Co.,  on  their  part,  agree  to  give  one  month's  notice  in  writing  to  said 
compositors  before  enforcing  any  change  which  may  affect  the  interests  of  said  composi- 
tors, such  notice  on  each  side  to  date  from  the  time  when  a  definite  decision  shall  have 
been  arrived  at  by  either  of  the  contracting  parties. 

"4.  Any  wilful  violation  of  this  agreement  by  any  compositor  in  the  employ  of  the 
Providence  Press  Co.  shall  terminate  it  so  far  as  it  relates  to  him,  and  shall  terminate  also 
his  employment  by  the  company. 

"5.  This  agreement  may  be  modified  at  any  time  by  the  mutual  consent  of  the 
parties  to  it,  or  it  may  be  terminated  by  either  party  upon  giving  to  the  other  not  less 
than  30  days'  notice. 

"Providence  Press  Co., 

"  Z.  L.  White,  Manager. 

"Frederick  M.  Simons,  "James  L.  Bicknell,  "John  Locklin, 

"  J.  Croil  Ryan,  " Henry  W.  Potter,  "Henry  R.  Sawyer, 

"S.  T.  B.  Trimmer,  "Joseph  B.  Levens,  "G.W.Wilson, 

"Joseph  C.  Barker,  "Meyrick  Waites,  "Elias  S.  Nickerson, 

"William  Carroll,  "Henry  A.  Barnes,  "  John  J.  Nolan, 

"Edwin  W.  Smith,  "H.  A.  Darling,  "A.P.Brown, 

"Thomas  M.  Nolan,  "William  Palmer,  "George  E.  Cooley, 

"H.C.Barnes,  "D.  McCann,  "William  E.  Tourtellot, 

"Ahira  Hall,  "E.L.Pike,  "  J.  J.  Hanlon." 
"  C.  E.  Burtwell, 

A  modification  of  this  agreement  was  afterward  made  so  that  only- 
Union  men  could  work  in  the  office  (excepting  those  men  already  em- 
ployed there). 

"[Copy.] 

"  Providence,  R.  I.,  Feb.  26,  1884. 

"  We,  the  undersigned,  members  of  the  investigating  committee,  and  officers  of 
Providence  Typographical  Union,  No.  33,  by  virtue  of  the  power  vested  in  us  by  its  con- 
stitution, do  hereby  indorse  and  ratify  the  action  of  those  of  the  members  of  said  Union, 
who  have  subscribed,  or  who  may  hereafter  subscribe,  to  the  agreement  entered  into 
between  the  printers  employed  by  the  Providence  Press  Company  and  the  manager 
(Mr  Z.  L.  White),  on  behalf  of  said  company,  this  26th  day  of  February,  1884,  by  which 
the  restrictions  against  the  employment  of  Union  printers  by  the  Providence  Press  Com- 
pany are  removed. 

"Edward  L.  Pike,  Chairman  Inves.  Com., 

"James  M.  Gould, 

"  J.  H.  Oldfield, 

"William  Palmer, 

"Meyrick  Waites,  Pres.  Typo.  Union,  No.  33. 
"  [Seal.]  "J.  A.  McGuiNNESS,  Cor.  and  Rec.  Secy. 

Note.  The  investigating  committee  under  the  constitution  adopted  at  the  reorgan- 
ization of  Typographical  Union,  No.  33,  and  the  executive  committee  under  its  present 
constitution  are  synonymous. 


106  PRINTERS  AND  PRINTING  IN  PROVIDENCE 


"[Exhibit  III.] 
"[Copy.] 

"  Office  of  the  Providence  Press  Co., 
Providence,  R.  I.,  Sept.  29,  1884. 
"Dear  Sir — The  Providence  Press  Company,  having  disposed  of  its  newspaper  prop- 
erty, will  have  no  further  use  for  your  services  after  the  publication  of  the  Press  on 
Tuesday,  September  30. 

"Truly  yours, 

"Providence  Press  Co., 

"  Z.  L.  White,  Manager. 
"[Copy.] 

"Providence,  R.  I.,  Sept.  29,  1884. 

"Dear  Sir — Having  acquired  the  newspaper  property  of  the  Providence  Press  Com- 
pany, I  shall  take  possession  after  the  publication  of  the  Press  on  the  30th  inst.  I  desire 
to  engage  your  services  in  the  same  position,  at  the  same  pay,  and  on  the  same  conditions 
as  those  upon  which  you  have  heretofore  been  employed  by  the  Press  Company. 

"Truly  yours, 

"Z.L.White. 
"[Exhibit  IV.] 
"The  call  for  the  special  meeting  of  September  17  on  its  face  purported  to  come  from 
the  executive  committee  of  the  Union,  but  Mr.  William  Palmer  and  Mr.  Robert  Grieve, 
regular  members  of  that  committee,  and  members  in  good  standing  of  the  Union,  who 
were  neither  absent  from  the  city  nor  in  hiding,  and  who  were  both  easily  accessible,  were 
neither  of  them  notified  of  any  meeting  of  the  executive  committee  immediately  preceding 
the  special  meeting  of  September  17,  and  knew  nothing  of  it  until  they  read  the  call. 
"(Signed)  "William  Palmer, 

"Robert  Grieve." 

The  President  was  authorized,  at  a  meeting  held  November  1,  to 
choose  two  members  of  the  Union  to  assist  him  in  preparing  an  answer 
to  the  Star  chapel's  appeal  to  the  I.  T.  U. 

By  mutual  consent,  however,  the  appeal  was  withdrawn,  but  the 
subject  was  not  dead  by  any  means. 

At  a  special  meeting  held  February  4, 1886,  called  by  the  executive 
committee  at  the  request  of  the  Telegram  chapel,  the  following  question 
was  submitted  for  consideration : 

"Shall  members  of  this  Union  be  permitted  to  work  in  newspaper  offices  where  plates 
or  blocks,  technically  known  as  'plate  matter,'  are  used  as  reading  matter  to  the  exclusion 
of  composition?" 

This  was  decided :    Nay  64;  yea  24. 

At  the  same  meeting  it  was  moved  and  adopted,  "  that  all  matters 
pertaining  to  'plate  matter'  be,  in  the  future,  referred  to  the  executive 
committee  with  power  to  act." 

The  executive  committee  at  a  later  meeting  presented  a  resolution 
to  the  eif  ect  that  the  use  of  plate  matter  to  the  exclusion  of  composition 
was  injurious  to  the  members  of  this  Union  and  the  craft  in  general,  and 
that  the  delegate  to  the  I.  T.  U.  convention  to  be  held  at  Pittsburg  be 
instructed  and  directed  to  influence  legislation  preventing  its  manufac- 
ture; and  that  they  (the  executive  committee)  be  directed  to  inform 
the  proprietors  of  the  different  papers  in  this  city  that  the  Union  con- 
siders the  use  of  plate  matter  detrimental  to  the  interests  of  printers  and 
an  imposition  upon  the  public. 


HISTORY   OF  PROVIDENCE  TYPOGRAPHICAL  UNION  107 


At  this  point  William  Carroll  said  that  he  understood  that  the  chair- 
man of  the  executive  committee  had  in  his  possession  a  communication 
from  the  President  of  the  International  Union  on  the  subject  before  the 
Union,  and  hoped  that,  if  the  gentleman  had  such  a  communication,  it 
would  be  read. 

The  chairman  of  the  executive  committee  replied  that  the  com- 
mittee desired  to  retain  for  the  present  the  information  they  had  on  the 
subject. 

The  resolution  was  then  adopted. 

At  the  meeting  following,  March  7,  1886,  it  was  voted  that  the 
chairman  of  the  executive  committee  read  the  communication  referred 
to  at  the  last  meeting. 

The  following  were  then  read  by  Mr.  Dolan: 

[Telegram.] 

"St.  Louis,  Feb.  8,  1886. 
"  To  John  P.  Dolan,  Journal  Office. 

"Executive  Council  will  not  support  strike  against  plates.     Will  write. 

"M.  R.  H.  Witter." 
[Letter.] 

"St.  Louis,  Feb. 8,  1886. 
"John  P.  Dolan,  Chairman  Executive  Committee: 

"Dear  Sir — My  telegram  to  you  announces  a  decision  formed  by  the  executive 
council  soon  after  the  laws  went  into  effect,  and  is  based  on  the  divergence  of  opinion  in 
the  craft  as  to  the  effect  on  the  business  of  the  use  of  plates — there  being  no  agreement 
whatever.  While,  therefore,  the  plates  are  under  the  jurisdiction  of  local  Unions,  the 
executive  council  have  uniformly  declined  to  tax  those  ( not  a  small  number)  who  think 
them  no  injury,  to  support  a  strike  against  their  use. 

"Hoping  you  will  find  some  amicable  settlement  possible, 

"I  remain  fraternally, 

"  M.  R.  H.  Witter,  President  I.  T.  U." 

No  action  is  recorded  as  having  been  taken  on  this  communication, 
which  evidently  aiforded  cold  comfort  to  the  "anti-platers,"  and  for 
three  months  the  matter  was  held  in  abeyance. 

In  the  meantime  the  executive  committee  having  secured  a  copy  of 
the  laws  referred  to  in  the  President's  communication,  and  with  which 
they  were  previously  unfamiliar,  decided  to  present  to  the  meeting  to 
be  held  July  25,  the  following  preamble  and  resolutions  as  the  wisest 
and  best  course  to  pursue  in  the  premises: 

"Whereas,  Since  the  passage  of  the  new  laws  touching  upon  plate  matter  by  the 
I.  T.  U.,  the  use  of  said  manufacture  has  increased  in  this  jurisdiction  to  such  an  extent 
that  members  of  this  Union  have  been  thrown  out  of  employment;   therefore,  it  is 

"Resolved,  That  a  committee  of  three  be  appointed  for  the  purpose  of  collecting 
all  the  facts  in  relation  to  the  question,  and  laying  them  before  the  executive  council  of 
the  I.  T.  U.  for  action. 

"  Resolved,  That  this  Union  believes  its  material  interests  to  be  threatened  by  the 
continued  use  of  'plate'  in  its  jurisdiction  and  request  authority  from  the  executive 
council  of  the  I.  T.  U.  to  strike  against  such  use  should  other  means  fail  to  effect  its  dis- 
continuance.    And  it  is  further 

"Resolved,  That  in  the  event  of  said  executive  council  refusing  such  authority  to 
strike,  this  Union  demand  of  the  President  of  the  I.  T.  U.  that  he,  or  someone  by  him 
appointed,  personally  visit  Providence,  investigate  the  matter  and  advise  the  Union  of 
its  duty. 


108  PRINTERS  AND  PRINTING  IN  PROVIDENCE 

The  matter  was  referred  back  to  the  executive  committee  to  carry 
out  the  recommendations. 

Plate  matter  was  not  again  mentioned  until  the  November  meeting. 
Dr.  L.  F.  C.  Garvin  and  Robert  Grieve,  from  the  Board  of  Directors  of  The 
People,  were  allowed  to  address  the  assembly.  Their  statements  were 
to  the  effect  that  they  would  have  to  reduce  the  force  in  the  composing 
room  of  The  People  and  intended  to  use  plate  matter  in  the  columns  of 
that  paper. 

This  renewed  the  controversy  and  plate  matter  continued  as  a  hve 
topic  until  April  27, 1887.  At  that  meeting  reference  to  the  subject  was 
made  in  form  of  a  resolution  praying  that  the  International  Union  take 
positive  stand  in  opposition  to  its  manufacture. 

From  the  time  of  the  introduction  of  the  controversy  to  the  period 
of  its  conclusion,  the  changes  wrought  in  the  printorial  affairs  of  Provi- 
dence were  of  a  kaleidoscopic  character.  To  summarize:  The  Star 
and  Press  were  of  those  to  be  remembered.  The  Item,  launched  auspi- 
ciously, had  foundered,  and  The  Republican,  issuing  from  the  wreck,  had 
grounded  in  the  shallows  of  poverty;  The  Evening  Mail,  a  democratic 
organ,  had  been  attuned  to  life  and  died  of  dividendal  discord.  Plate 
matter  had  made  its  appearance  in  the  columns  of  The  Telegram,  and 
many  of  those  printers  who  had,  in  the  past,  bitterly  antagonized  its 
employment  were  now  its  flaccid  defenders  or  silent  witnesses  to  its 
extensive  use.  And  as  a  finial  to  the  "pot  metal"  debate,  suppressing 
further  discussion  of  that  matter  without  restoring  the  compositors' 
equanimity,  came  the  announcement  of  the  introduction  of  typesetting 
machines  in  the  office  of  the  Journal. 

At  the  January  (1885)  meeting  a  clipping  from  one  of  the  daily 
papers  of  this  city  was  read,  announcing  the  establishment  of  a  depart- 
ment of  instruction  in  printing  at  the  State  Reform  School.  After  pro- 
longed discussion  it  was  voted  that  the  executive  committee  investigate 
the  matter  and  report  upon  the  advisabihty  of  holding  a  public  meeting 
to  protest  against  the  creation  of  such  a  department.  After  Hstening 
to  the  report  of  the  executive  committee  at  the  next  meeting  action 
was  indefinitely  postponed. 

It  was  believed  by  those  who  favored  its  abolition  that  the  instruc- 
tion to  be  dispensed  would  not  redound  to  the  benefit  of  the  craft  nor 
to  the  dignity  of  the  art,  and  an  examination  of  the  work  produced  at 
the  school  and  an  acquaintance  with  some  of  its  "  graduates "  proves 
that  the  apprehension  felt  at  that  time  was  entirely  correct. 

In  addition  to  his  report,  made  June  28,  the  International  delegate 
presented  a  resolution  of  thanks  to  George  W.  Childs  of  the  Philadelphia 
Ledger,  for  his  courteous  invitation  to  the  I.  T.  U.  delegates  to  visit  him 


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HISTORY  OF  PROVIDENCE  TYPOGRAPHICAL  UNION  109 


at  his  home  in  Philadelphia,  free  of  expense.  The  resolution  was  adopted, 
and  the  delegate,  WilHam  Carroll,  was  thanked  for  his  able  representation 
of  No.  33  at  the  convention. 

The  inquiry  committee  was  instructed  at  the  August  meeting  to 
ascertain  the  names  of  all  non-union  printers  then  employed  in  the  city. 
The  committee  evidently  failed  of  its  purpose  as  no  report  is  entered  in 
the  books. 

A  preamble  and  resolution  of  censure,  directed  against  those  indi- 
viduals known  as  "  frame  jumpers,"  was  offered  at  the  August  meeting 
and  was  referred  to  the  delegate  to  the  I.  T.  U.  Several  special  meet- 
ings were  held  during  September  for  the  purpose  of  discussing  "  plate 
matter,"  and  at  the  time  of  the  holding  of  the  regular  September  meet- 
ing, the  delegate,  having  more  important  business  on  hand,  failed  to 
report  on  that  particular  matter.  The  phraseology  of  the  preamble  and 
resolution  is  unfortunately  omitted  from  the  minutes,  but  the  author  is 
named  and,  to  those  who  know  the  gentleman,  it  does  not  require  a 
very  vivid  imagination  to  glean  from  between  the  lines  of  the  simple 
announcement  of  its  introduction,  the  tenor  of  the  resolution,  nor  to 
fancy  the  causticity  of  its  vituperation.  Many  of  the  travelling  frater- 
nity— the  itinerant  subs — had  a  weakness  for  accepting  work  and  failing 
to  fulfill  the  engagement,  to  the  great  annoyance  of  the  lords  of  the  com- 
posing room.  Joseph  C.  Barker,  the  father  of  the  resolution  referred 
to,  was  not  a  foreman  at  that  time,  but  evidently  sympathized  with  the 
unhappy  lot  of  the  holders  of  that  responsible  situation. 

At  a  special  meeting  held  September  21,  Mr.  McKay,  "  a  gentleman 
from  the  Cigarmakers  Union  of  Pawtucket,"  was  given  the  privilege  of 
the  floor,  and  he  asked  that  the  Union  use  its  influence  in  suppressing 
the  sale  of  cigars  called  "  Roman  Punch,"  the  labels  on  which  had  been 
surreptitiously  obtained.  These  cigars  were  on  sale  at  a  place  much 
frequented  by  printers,  and  the  committee  appointed  to  handle  the 
matter  reported  at  the  regular  meeting,  held  one  week  later,  that  they 
had  succeeded  in  accompHshing  the  object  for  which  they  had  been 
appointed. 

The  permanent  organization  of  the  Rhode  Island  Co-operative 
Printing  and  Publishing  Company  was  announced  at  an  adjourned 
meeting  held  November  1. 

A  change  in  the  management  of  the  Providence  Journal  Company 
was  regarded  by  the  Union  as  a  favorable  opportunity  to  have  the  re- 
strictions against  the  employment  of  Union  men  in  that  office  removed. 
As  a  result  of  a  "  chapel  strike  "  in  the  Journal  office  June  12,  1875,  the 
management  drew  up  the  following  card,  to  which  all  printers  subse- 
quently employed  in  that  establishment  were  obliged  to  subscribe: 


110  PRINTERS  AND  PRINTING  IN  PROVIDENCE 


"  Some  years  ago,  when  the  compositors  in  the  Journal  office  were  ordered  to  leave 
their  employment  without  notice,  on  a  question  involving  less  than  25  cents  a  month,  by 
the  votes  of  men  working  for  a  lower  rate  of  compensation,  the  publishers  of  the  Journal 
decided  that  thereafter  they  would  employ  no  men  whose  responsibility  to  any  outside 
organization  was  greater  than  to  the  men  for  whom  they  had  contracted  to  work.  Under 
these  circumstances,  which  imply  a  non-affiliation  with  any  organization  in  this  city 
known  as  a  Printers'  Union,  if  you  desire  employment  on  the  Journal,  will  you  please  re- 
turn this  card  with  your  name  upon  it.  We  wish  to  influence  no  man  in  the  independent 
management  of  his  own  concerns,  and  simply  intend  to  maintain  the  same  rights  for  our- 
selves which  we  freely  concede  to  all  others. 

"Knowles,  Anthony  &  Daniei>son." 

July,  1885,  an  editorial,  very  favorable  to  organized  labor,  appeared 
in  the  Journal.  A  letter  was  sent  to  Richard  S.  Howland,  the  new 
manager,  quoting  the  editorial  and  asking  that  he  concede  to  the  em- 
ployes of  his  composing  room,  and  to  the  other  printers  of  the  city,  the 
privileges  advocated  in  the  article.  July  15  a  sub-committee,  delegated 
by  a  committee  appointed  for  the  purpose,  was  received  by  Mr.  Howland, 
and  the  question  of  abohshing  the  requirement  of  signing  the  above  card 
was  discussed.  Mr.  Howland  said  he  desired  to  confer  with  his  associates 
before  acceding  to  the  Union's  request,  but  would  later  communicate 
with  the  committee.  His  reply  was  unfavorable,  undoubtedly  because 
the  employes  of  the  old  management  had  become  the  advisers  of  the  new. 
It  was  then  decided  to  boycott  the  publications  of  the  Journal  Company, 

The  matter  was  taken  up  by  the  Central  Labor  Union  and  District 
Assembly  K.  of  L.,  and  a  joint  committee  from  those  two  organizations 
made  effort  to  have  the  card  withdrawn.  October  25,  1885,  this  joint 
committee  was  given  the  courtesy  of  the  floor  of  the  Union,  and  reported 
that  Mr.  Howland  was  willing  to  remove  the  restriction  provided  it  could 
be  demonstrated  that  it  would  be  to  the  interest  of  all  concerned. 

A  committee  was  then  appointed  to  act  in  conjunction  with  the 
joint  committee  with  that  object  in  view. 

At  the  meeting  held  November  30,  this  committee  reported  that 
the  mission  for  which  it  had  been  appointed  had  been  accompHshed. 
During  the  space  of  one  month  the  committee  had  secured  from  Mr. 
Howland  an  agreement  to  submit  the  matter  to  arbitration,  had  selected 
arbitrators,  and  had  successfully  presented  their  case  before  the  arbitra- 
tion board.    The  following  are  copies  of  the  official  reports  as  recorded : 

"Providknce,  R.  I.,  November  28,  1885. 
"To  THE  President  and  Members  of  Providence  Typocraphicai,  Union,  No.  33: 

"Your  committee  appointed  to  boycott  the  Providence  Journal  Company  respectfully 
announce  that  they  have  accomplished  the  object  for  which  they  were  appointed  and  that 
the  restrictive  card  heretofore  existing  in  the  Journal  office  has  been  removed,  and 
appended  are  fac-simile  copies  of  decisions  of  the  arbitration  committee.  We  also  desire 
to  make  honorable  mention  of  the  Newsdealers'  Protective  Union,  and  recommend  the 
members  thereof  to  the  patronage  of  our  members  as  recompense  for  the  aid  afforded. 

"  Respectfully  submitted, 

"  C.  H.  Stii.es.  Chairman, 
"JosEi'H  C.  Hauker, 
"Rkhakd  J.  Kaui.kner. 
"C(mimittee  of  Providence  Typo.  Union,  No.  33. 


HISTORY  OF  PROVIDENCE  TYPOGRAPHICAL  UNION  111 


"(Copy.) 
"Terms  of  Agreement. 
"Mr.  Howland  agrees  to  submit  to  an  arbitration  board  consisting  of  two  membfts 
chosen  by  himself,  two  members  chosen  by  organized  labor,  and  one  member  to  be  ap- 
pointed by  the  four  thus  chosen,  the  question  as  to  whether  the  restrictive  card  now  in  force 
in  the  Journal  office,  prohibiting  the  employment  of  Union  men  shall  be  removed  or  not. 

"On  behalf  of  the  Journal, 

"R.  S.  Hovk^LAND,  Manager. 
"On  behalf  of  organized  labor, 
"J.  P.  HORAN, 

"Joseph  Normandy. 
"A  true  copy  attest, 

"  C.  H.  Stiles,  Secretary. 

"Providence,  R.  I.,  Nov.  28,  1885. 
"To  Typographical  Union,  No.  33. 

"  Gentlemen — The  arbitrators  appointed  by  your  committee  to  meet  the  representa- 
tives of  Mr.  Howland,  beg  leave  to  report  that  they  have  concluded  their  labors,  and  are 
proud  to  record  that  the  struggle  has  terminated  entirely  in  favor  of  your  organization. 
Not  only  has  the  card  been  removed,  but  the  arbitrators  have,  in  their  decision,  seen  fit 
to  introduce  some  very  complimentary  remarks  with  regard  to  the  Providence  Typo- 
graphical Union.  Appended  is  the  decision,  signed  by  the  full  board.  Congratulating 
you  upon  the  result  of  our  joint  labors,  we  remain, 

"Respectfully  and  fraternally  yours, 

"John  P.  Horan, 
"James  A.  McKay. 
"Arbitrators  representing  organized  labor. 
"A  true  copy  attest, 

"  C.  H.  Stiles,  Secretary. 

"Providence,  R.  I.,  Nov.  24,  1885. 
"  The  undersigned,  who  were  appointed  arbitrators  under  the  foregoing  agreement, 
have  heard  the  parties  and  their  allegations  and  evidence,  and  do  find  and  determine  that 
the  restrictive  card  now  in  force  in  the  Journal  office,  prohibiting  the  employment  of 
members  of  the  Typographical  Union,  causes  injury  to  the  Union,  and  that  the  with- 
drawal of  the  requirement  to  sign  the  card  will  work  no  present  injury  to  the  Providence 
Journal  Company.  The  arbitrators  are  further  satisfied  that  the  present  purposes  and 
policy  of  the  Typographical  Union  are  not  such  as  to  threaten  any  unfair  action  toward 
the  Company  or  their  employes,  and  they  do  therefore  decide  that  those  employed  by  the 
Company  shall  no  longer  be  required  to  sign  the  card. 

"G.  M.  Carpenter, 
"A.  B.  Chace, 
"LuciAN  Sharpe, 
"John  P.  Horan, 
"James  A.  McKay, 
"A  true  copy  attest,  "Board  of  Arbitrators. 

"C.  H.  Stiles,  Secretary. 
"Joseph  Normandy,  Chairman." 

William  Carroll,  who  had  presented  the  Union's  argument  before 
the  board,  was  appointed  a  committee  to  draw  up  suitable  resolutions 
of  thanks  to  the  members  of  the  arbitration  board. 

Out  of  a  total  of  57  men  in  the  composing  room  of  the  Journal  at 
that  time  (November,  1885,)  39  were  Union  men. 

The  matters  considered  during  1886  were  mostly  of  minor  import- 
ance, but  the  "plate  matter"  question  added  zest  to  dull  routine  through- 
out the  year. 

Resolutions  denunciatory  of  the  copyright  bill  introduced  by  Senator 
Hawley,  and  endorsing  the  bill  of  Senator  Chace,  were  adopted  at  the 


112  PRINTERS  AND  PRINTING  IN  PROVIDENCE 

January  meeting  and  forwarded  to  the  Senators  and  Representatives  of 
I^hode  Island. 

At  the  March  meeting  the  Union  appropriated  $10  for  the  purpose 
of  assisting  to  defray  the  expense  of  a  constitutional  amendment  torch- 
light parade. 

At  the  same  meeting  the  proposed  amalgamation  of  trades  unions 
with  the  Knights  of  Labor  was  discussed.  The  matter  was  to  be  acted 
upon  at  the  convention  of  the  I.  T.  U.,  and  while  the  opinion  was  held 
that  such  amalgamation,  in  so  far  as  the  Typographical  Union  was  con- 
cerned, was  inadvisable,  the  delegate  to  the  I.  T.  U.  convention  was  not 
instructed  as  to  his  vote  in  the  matter. 

May  30,  1886,  the  following  scale  of  prices  was  adopted : 

"For  Night  Work. 

"  1.     Composition,  40  cents  per  1000  ems. 

"  2.     Work  by  the  hour,  to  be  paid  for  at  the  rate  of  40  cents  per  hour. 

"  3.  Tabular  matter  shall  be  paid  for  as  follows :  Five  columns  of  figures  or  words, 
or  words  and  figures,  with  or  without  rules,  double  price;  three  or  four  columns  of  figures 
or  words,  price  and  a  half;  type  set  in  half  measure  which  shall  contain  two  columns  of 
figures  or  words  in  each  half  stick,  price  and  a  half. 

"4.  Copy  shall  be  furnished  continuously  for  seven  hours  from  the  calling  of 
'time,'  and  all  waiting  time  within  said  seven  hours  shall  be  paid  for  at  the  rate  of 
40  cents  per  hour. 

"5.     All  single  measure  cuts  in  reading  matter  shall  be  measured  by  the  compositor." 

Substituting  35  cents  for  40  cents,  the  scale  for  day  work  was  iden- 
tical with  that  for  night  work. 

A  miscellaneous  addenda  provided  for  the  payment  for  all  changes 
from  copy  made  in  the  proof,  and  the  payment  of  $1  to  the  compositor 
who  might  be  called  to  accommodate  the  office  after  work  had  been 
commenced. 

At  the  June  meeting  John  Mulleda  and  Patrick  F.  McGrath,  repre- 
senting the  Journeymen  Bricklayers'  and  Masons'  Union,  were  given  the 
privilege  of  the  floor  and  pleaded  for  financial  assistance  in  a  struggle 
then  being  waged  by  that  Union  for  a  shorter  workday.  Typographical 
Union  responded  by  voting  $50 — almost  depleting  No.  33's  treasury — to 
the  Bricklayers. 

A  situation  on  a  co-operative  weekly  newspaper  proved  no  sinecure 
to  the  Union  printer,  and  because  of  a  denial  by  the  Rhode  Island  Co- 
operative Printing  and  Publishing  Co.  of  many  "rights"  demanded  and 
received  of  the  capitalistic  press,  that  company  was  time  and  again 
reported  as  violating  the  scale.  Committees  appointed  had  failed  to 
make  the  issue  fully  clear  to  the  board  of  directors  of  that  concern,  and 
at  the  May  meeting  a  committee  was  appointed  to  explain  to  the  board 
the  "real"  trouble  between  the  Union  and  that  paper.  This  committee 
reported  at  the  August  meeting  that  it  had  comphed  with  instructions 
from  the  Union,  but  that  no  answer  had  been  received  from  the  board 


HISTORY   OF  PROVIDENCE  TYPOGRAPHICAL  UNION  113 

of  directors  as  promised.  President  Horan  then  produced  and  read  a 
letter  which  he  had  received  from  the  secretary  of  the  Rhode  Island 
Co-operative  Printing  and  Publishing  Co.  It  was  moved  that  the  report 
of  the  committee  be  received  and  that  the  letter  read  by  the  President 
be  laid  on  the  table.  Amended  that  the  letter  be  laid  "  under "  the 
table;   the  amendment  was  adopted. 

An  appeal  from  Cleveland  Union  was  read  at  the  September  meet- 
ing. The  appeal  stated  that  owing  to  a  technicahty  Cleveland  Union 
was  not  entitled  to  benefits  from  the  "  strike  fund,"  then  in  operation, 
and  a  circular,  signed  by  the  executive  council,  was  attached,  which 
stated  that  after  careful  investigation  it  had  concluded  that  local  Unions 
would  be  doing  a  noble  act  in  assisting  Cleveland  Union  in  its  battle  with 
the  Cleveland  Leader.  The  secretary  was  instructed  to  communicate 
and  ascertain  as  to  the  technicality.  At  the  December  meeting  the 
Union  donated  $20  to  Cleveland  Union. 

A  flurry  was  caused  by  the  action  of  a  member  at  the  October 
meeting.  Balloting  upon  the  name  of  a  candidate  had  just  been  com- 
pleted and  upon  the  announcement  of  the  candidate's  election  this 
member  "  arose  from  his  seat  and  approaching  the  President,  threw  his 
card  upon  the  desk  and  withdrew  from  the  meeting."  A  committee  was 
immediately  appointed  to  take  possession  of  the  card  and  to  ascertain 
the  reason  for  such  action  on  the  part  of  a  member.  A  satisfactory 
apology  was  made  to  this  committee  by  the  offender  and  no  further  ac- 
tion was  taken  by  the  Union  in  the  matter.  Later  on  it  was  voted  that 
all  reference  to  the  matter  be  stricken  from  the  books. 

The  first  banquet  and  social  of  the  reorganized  Union  was  held 
Thanksgiving  night,  1886,  in  Slocum  Light  Guards'  Armory.  Gelb  & 
Norton  were  the  caterers  on  that  occasion,  and  the  Alpine  Orchestra  fur- 
nished the  music  for  the  dance  which  followed.  Thomas  L.  Horan  acted 
as  toastmaster  of  the  post  prandial  exercises,  and  F.  J.  Crandall,  editor 
of  the  Telegram,  being  unable  to  be  present,  responded  by  letter  to 
the  first  toast,  "The  President  of  the  United  States."  Messrs.  Barnes, 
Elsbree,  Hurley  and  Stratton,  a  quartette  of  members  from  the  Journal 
office,  then  sang,  and  was  followed  by  President  John  P.  Horan  in  re- 
sponse to  the  toast,  "Providence  Typographical  Union."  Mrs.  Maxime 
Bourett  read  an  original  poem,  filled  with  allusions  to  the  craft.  "  Our 
Honorary  Members"  was  eloquently  responded  to  by  Hon.  George  J. 
West.  Other  toasts  were  responded  to  as  follows :  "  The  Press,"  Martin  C. 
Day  of  the  Journal;  "  Our  Chapels,"  by  Andrew  Moran  of  the  Journal, 
James  H.  Russell  of  the  Telegram,  J.  Croil  Ryan  of  the  Star,  and 
Howard  E.  Sherman  of  the  Dispatch.  Joseph  Newton  of  the  Journal 
and  Al.  Devenish  of  J.  A.  &  R.  A.  Reid's,  were  heard  in  comic  songs. 


114  PRINTERS  AND  PRINTING  IN  PROVIDENCE 

The  last  toast  of  the  evening,  "The  Ladies"  was  responded  to  by  0.  M. 

Remington  of  the  Dispatch.  At  the  close  of  the  hterary  exercises  the 
hall  was  cleared  for  dancing  and  soon  all  were  "footing  it  to  a  merry 
measure."  The  committee  in  charge  of  the  affair  were :  Wilham  Carroll, 
of  the  Star ;  William  M.  Leavitt,  of  the  Journal ;  James  J.  Murray,  of 
the  What  Cheer  Print ;  Wilham  Palmer,  Star ;  and  Thomas  L.  Horan, 
Telegram.  Letters  of  regret  were  read  by  the  toastmaster  from  Hon. 
George  M.  Carpenter,  Judge  of  the  United  States  Circuit  Court ;  A.  M. 
WilHams,  editor  of  the  Journal ;  R.  S.  Rowland,  manager  of  the  Journal 
and  others. 

At  the  December  meeting  the  Hon.  George  M.  Carpenter  was 
elected  to  honorary  membership,  and  the  secretary  received  in  answer 
the  following  reply  which  was  read  at  the  January  meeting : 

"United  States  Courts, 

"Providence  R.  I.,  Jan.  25,  1887. 
"Mr.  John  P.  Dolan,  Corresponding  and  Recording  Secretary: 

"Dear  Sir — I  have  your  favor  of  24th  instant  notifying  me  that  the  Providence 
Typographical  Union  have  voted  to  place  my  name  on  their  honorary  roll.  I  accept  with 
much  pleasure  this  expression  of  your  regard,  and  with  best  wishes  for  the  prosperity  of 
your  members,  I  remain, 

"  My  dear  Sir, 

"Yours,  very  truly, 

"  G.  M.  Carpenter." 

The  auditing  committee  at  the  January,  1887,  meeting  added  the 
following  to  its  seport : 

"  Your  committee  desires  to  call  attention  to  the  large  amount  of  money  collected  by 
the  secretary,  Owen  M.  Gledhill,  and  to  express  their  unanimous  approval  of  his  manner 
of  conducting  the  affairs  of  his  office.  Not  an  obscure  or  doubtful  point  appears  in  his 
accounts,  and  all  moneys  have  been  handed  over  to  their  proper  custodian." 

Because  of  ill  health  Mr.  Gledhill  tendered  his  resignation  at  the 
same  meeting.  The  resignation  was  regretfully  accepted,  and  the  re- 
tiring secretary  was  further  thanked  by  the  Union.  Later,  before 
turning  over  his  books  to  his  successor,  Mr.  Gledhill  discovered  a  short- 
age of  $7.90  in  his  accounts,  explained  how  the  error  occurred,  and 
asked  that  the  auditing  committee  be  excused  for  overlooking  the  item. 

At  the  February  meeting  the  secretary  was  instructed  to  notify  the 
Hon.  George  J.  West  that  he  was  welcome  to  attend  any  and  all  meetings 
of  the  Union.  This  action  was  taken  in  recognition  of  Mr.  West's  legal 
services  gratuitously  given  to  the  Union.  Mr.  West  was  formerly  a 
printer  and  a  member  of  the  Union  and  at  the  time  this  resolution  was 
passed  was  an  honorary  member. 

March  27, 1887,  vote  was  taken  for  the  election  of  two  delegates  to 
the  Buffalo  convention  of  the  L  T.  U.  There  were  four  candidates  in 
the  field  and  113  votes  were  cast.  Joseph  N.  B.  Meegan  and  James  P. 
Bowes  were  elected  by  large  majorities.    Sixty  dollars  each  was  the 


HISTORY  OF  PROVIDENCE  TYPOGRAPHICAL  UNION  115 

amount  appropriated  for  the  delegates'  expenses.  The  nine-hour  pro- 
position was  voted  on  at  this  meeting  and  resulted  in  a  vote  of  52  for, 
10  against. 

In  compliance  with  the  request  of  the  I.  T.  U.  it  was  voted  at  the 
April  meeting  that  an  assessment,  equal  to  the  scale  price  of  1000  ems, 
be  levied  on  all  working  cards  on  the  occasion  of  the  birthday  of 
George  W.  Childs,  the  same  to  be  applied  to  the  fund  then  being  estab- 
lished that  the  Childs-Drexel  gift  might  be  accepted.  At  the  August 
meeting  a  letter  from  Mr.  Daily  of  the  Childs-Drexel  Fund  was  read, 
acknowledging  the  receipt  of  $50.75. 

The  committee  appointed  to  incorporate  the  Union  under  the  State 
Laws  reported  at  the  May  meeting,  and  presented  the  charter  to  the 
Union.  The  report  was  received  as  one  of  progress  and  the  committee 
instructed  to  glean  full  information  as  to  the  legal  phase  of  the  charter 
before  the  same  be  accepted.  At  the  January,  1888,  meeting  the  final 
report  of  the  committee  was  presented  and  accepted,  and  the  charter 
hung  on  the  wall. 

At  the  same  meeting  the  following  resolution  was  adopted: 

"  Resolved,  That  we  respectfully  recommend  to  His  Excellency  Governor  Davis  the 
appointment  of  Josiah  B.  Bowditch  as  commissioner  of  Industrial  Statistics,  being  well 
assured  of  his  ability  in  statistical  pursuits  and  of  his  impartial  and  incorruptible  char- 
acter as  a  man  and  in  full  sympathy  with  the  purposes  for  which  the  Bureau  of  Indus- 
trial Statistics  was  created." 

It  was  voted  that  a  committee  be  appointed  to  lay  the  matter  before 
the  governor,  and  at  the  next  meeting  the  committee  reported  that  Mr. 
Bowditch  had  been  appointed  to  the  position. 

The  cigarmakers'  label  was  discussed  at  the  May  meeting,  and  the 
members  earnestly  urged  to  purchase  none  but  "blue  label"  cigars,  and 
at  many  subsequent  meetings  this  manner  of  assisting  the  cigarmakers 
was  advocated.  The  May  meeting  was  held  in  the  composing  room  of 
the  Telegram,  because  admittance  to  the  hall  could  not  be  had. 

The  Union  was  requested  at  the  July  meeting  to  adopt  some  meas- 
ure to  reHeve  the  dullness  of  "  subbing  "  on  the  Telegram.  The  matter 
was  left  in  the  hands  of  the  executive  committee. 

A  motion  appointing  a  committee  to  soHcit  subscriptions  for  a  ban- 
ner was  reconsidered,  after  listening  to  an  appeal  from  Indianapolis 
Union,  and  it  was  voted  to  send  $6  a  month  to  that  Union  as  long  as  its 
strike  lasted.  The  chairmen  of  the  different  oflices  were  instructed  to 
collect  by  subscription  as  much  as  possible  for  this  purpose  and  thereby 
reheve  the  treasury.  The  following  is  a  supplementary  appeal  received 
from  Indianapolis:  ^  .     „  ,„„„ 

"Indianapolis,  Ind.,  July  27,  1887. 
"To  Sister  Unions: 

"  We  appeal  to  you,  in  this,  our  time  of  need,  to  assist  us  financially  to  the  extent  of 
your  ability,  to  enable  us  to  continue  the  fight  against  the  rat  Protective  Fraternity,  who 


116  PRINTERS  AND   PRINTING  IN  PROVIDENCE 

have  come  upon  us  about  seventy-five  strong,  and  captured  the  Morning  Journal  and 
Sentinel  offices. 

"  Their  unmolested  stay  here  will  be  a  menace  to  all  sister  Unions,  and  give  them 
courage  to  attempt  the  capture  of  other  offices  at  the  first  opportunity.  They  boast 
openly  of  their  intentions  of  doing  so. 

"  Hoping  to  have  a  favorable  reply  from  your  Union  at  the  earliest  possible  date, 
we  remain, 

"  Yours  fraternally, 

"The  Committee." 

At  the  August  meeting  acknowledgement  of  the  receipt  of  $22  by 
Indianapolis  Union  was  read,  and  at  the  September  meeting  it  was 
announced  that  $16  additional  had  been  contributed.  At  the  December 
meeting  contributions  to  IndianapoHs  Union  were  suspended. 

At  the  June  meeting,  under  the  head  of  reports  of  chairmen,  that 
officer  for  the  Telegram  stated  that  he  had  no  report  to  make.  It  was 
then  voted  that  the  report  be  accepted. 

A  committee  was  appointed  to  make  arrangements  for  the  Union 
to  take  part  in  a  labor  demonstration  to  be  held  July  Fourth,  under  the 
auspices  of  the  Central  Labor  Union.  At  the  July  meeting  $4  was 
ordered  to  be  paid  to  the  C.  L.  U.  as  Typographical  Union's  share  of  the 
expenses  incurred  on  that  occasion.  Three  dollars  additional  was  voted 
at  the  August  meeting. 

A  communication  from  Boston  in  relation  to  Boston  printers  coming 
to  Providence  on  an  excursion  was  read  at  the  July  meeting,  and  a 
committee  on  entertainment  appointed.  August  24  a  game  of  base-ball 
was  played  between  nines  representing  Providence  and  Boston  printers 
on  the  grounds  corner  of  Atwell's  avenue  and  Eagle  street.  These 
grounds  are  now  covered  by  the  buildings  of  the  Providence  Brewing 
Co.  September  the  committee  reported  that  the  Boston  printers  had 
been  royally  entertained  and  that  it  held  a  balance  of  $12.42.  This  sum 
was  voted  a  member  who  had  been  on  the  sick  list  for  a  long  time. 

It  was  voted  in  August  to  pubhsh  in  The  Craftsman,  a  printers' 
publication  issued  at  New  York,  a  notice  to  printers  to  stay  away  from 
Providence  for  the  present. 

At  the  September  meeting  the  secretary  was  instructed  to  notify 
the  delegates  to  the  Central  Labor  Union  to  attend  to  the  duties  of  their 
office  or  suffer  the  provided  penalties. 

The  financial  secretary  was  ordered  to  prepare  a  list  of  all  non- 
union men  and  send  the  same  to  the  State  Deputy. 

"Cashing  strings"  was  discussed  at  the  October  meeting,  and  the 
chairman  of  the  Telegram  office  was  instructed  to  investigate  and 
report  at  the  next  meeting  as  to  the  allegations  that  the  practice  was 
employed  to  the  extent  of  abuse  in  that  chapel.  The  chairman  reported 
by  letter  at  the  November  meeting,  and  by  amendment  to  the  motion, 


eg  b 

a  2 


E  X 


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ii  -o 

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HISTORY  OF  PROVIDENCE  TYPOGRAPHICAL  UNION  117 


that  the  letter  be  laid  on  the  table,  the  executive  committee  was  given 
charge  of  the  matter. 

A  "string"  was  the  "pasted  and  measured"  result  of  a  printer's 
day's  labor,  and  its  value  was  determined  by  its  total  "ems."  The  im- 
provident printer,  in  need  of  ready  money,  sacrificed  his  "string"  to 
"Shylock,"  a  fixture  in  every  printing  office  in  the  hand-set  days.  Five 
per  cent,  was  the  minimum  charged  by  "Shylock"  for  the  accommoda- 
tion, and  to  the  discount  the  impecunious  printer  cheerfully  acquiesced. 
International  law  proscribed  the  practice  of  members  taking  advantage 
of  their  more  unfortunate  brothers,  and  in  those  offices  where  attempt 
was  made  to  enforce  that  law  the  business  was  transferred  to  another, 
usually  employed  about  the  building,  but  not  a  member  of  the  Union. 
In  the  office  under  investigation  Shylock  was  known  as  the  "  Boiler,"  no 
doubt  because  the  individual  who  cashed  the  strings  was  employed  as 
engineer,  and  instead  of  "  cashing "  the  practice  was  referred  to  as 
"  boiling." 

Nothing  was  done  about  the  matter  as  far  as  the  reports  of  the 
executive  committee  show. 

At  the  November  meeting  the  Union  voted  to  exempt  female  mem- 
bers from  all  dues  and  assessments. 

A  letter  was  read  from  Chicago  Union  asking  for  a  loan  of  money, 
and  the  same  was  laid  on  the  table  for  one  month.  At  an  adjourned 
meeting,  held  December  18,  1887,  a  circular  from  the  executive  council 
of  the  I.  T.  U.  was  read  in  relation  to  the  strike  at  Chicago,  urging  the 
assessment  of  $1  on  each  member  of  the  Union  for  the  purpose  of  aiding 
Chicago  Union,  and  a  committee,  consisting  of  Messrs.  DeLeeuw,  Duggan 
and  SulHvan,  was  appointed  to  solicit  subscriptions  from  members.  It 
was  also  voted  to  have  200  copies  of  that  appeal  printed  and  circulated. 
The  committee  reported  at  the  January  meeting,  after  which  the  Pres- 
ident read  a  letter  received  from  I.  T.  U.  headquarters,  in  which  it  was 
claimed  that  a  certain  amount  was  due  the  I.  T.  U.  because  of  the 
assessment  above  referred  to.  The  following  letter  was  then  drawn  up 
and  ordered  sent  to  the  executive  council,  I.  T.  U. : 
"To  THE  Honorable  Executive  Council  of  the  I.  T.  U.: 

"Just  previous  to  receiving  your  circular  recommending  (for  such  was  the  interpre- 
tation put  upon  it  by  this  Union, )  a  per  capita  assessment  of  one  dollar  to  aid  the  Chicago 
strike,  we  received  an  appeal  from  the  Chicago  Union  asking  financial  aid.  Our  funds 
being  very  low  no  immediate  aid  was  rendered,  but  the  matter  was  still  under  consider- 
ation when  your  circular  was  received.  The  question  was  discussed  at  length,  and  it  was 
argued  that  in  view  of  the  numerous  assessments  in  the  past,  and  the  raising  of  dues 
10  cents  per  member,  as  ordered  by  the  I.  T.  U.,  it  would  be  to  the  detriment  of  this  Union 
to  levy  a  compulsory  assessment  at  this  time.  It  was  therefore  voted  to  make  the  assess- 
ment a  voluntary  one,  and  the  sum  of  $44  was  collected  and  forwarded  to  the  Chicago 
Union." 


118  PRINTERS  AND  PRINTING  IN  PROVIDENCE 

It  would  be  a  pity  to  overlook  this  entry  under  date  of  November 

27,  1887 : 

"A  motion  was  made  and  seconded  that  the  Union  remain  in  its  present  quarters  and 
that  the  hall  committee  look  around  for  a  better  hall." 

Could  it  have  been  that  the  Union  had  become  tired  of  the  presence 
of  its  hall  committee?  Or,  perchance,  did  the  Union  believe  that  an  or- 
namental body  like  its  hall  committee  should  occupy  more  luxurious 
quarters  ? 

At  the  November  meeting  a  committee  of  six,  including  the  Pres- 
ident, was  appointed  to  arrange  for  a  grand  ball.  The  committee  stated 
at  the  adjourned  meeting,  held  December  18,  that  the  ball  would  be  held 
February  14, 1888,  in  the  Emmett  Guards'  Armory,  the  music  to  be  fur- 
nished by  Alpine  Orchestra.  It  was  also  stated  that  tickets  would  be 
sold  for  not  less  than  $1.  At  the  regular  December  meeting  the  com- 
mittee was  instructed  by  motion  not  to  allow  the  sale  of  intoxicating 
hquors  at  that  function,  but  at  a  special  meeting,  held  January  6,  1888, 
called  for  the  purpose  of  reconsidering  that  motion,  the  point  was  raised 
that  the  Union  had  no  right  to  further  instruct  its  committee,  after 
giving  it  full  power,  without  first  reconsidering  the  vote  giving  it  that 
power.  The  chair  decided  the  point  well  taken,  and  that  the  prohib- 
tory  motion  passed  at  the  last  regular  meeting  was  null  and  void. 
Appeal  was  taken  from  the  decision,  but  the  chair  was  sustained. 
Charles  G.  Wilkins  injected  the  point,  to  the  discomfort  of  the  purists 
and  the  joy  of  the  other  fellows.  By  the  way,  a  careful  scrutiny  of  the 
minutes  fails  to  reveal  wherein  the  committee  was  given  full  power. 
The  original  committee  consisted  of  James  H.  Russell,  chairman  ;  John  C. 
Hurll,  James  J.  Murray,  John  E.  Hurley,  William  Donovan  and  John  A. 
O'Niell.  John  C.  Hurll  resigned,  and  it  was  voted  to  fill  the  vacancy, 
but  his  successor  is  not  named  in  the  minutes.  Forty-seven  dollars  was 
the  amount  added  to  the  treasury  as  the  accrued  profit  on  that  occasion, 
and  ''  it  was  voted  that  the  thanks  of  the  Union  be  tendered  to  Andrew  P. 
Martin  for  services  rendered  at  the  ball."  Mr.  Martin,  an  honorary  mem- 
ber of  the  Union,  was  at  that  time  a  member  of  the  police  force  of  the 
city  and  at  the  present  time  occupies  the  position  of  warrant  officer. 

The  Portland,  Ore.,  locked-out  printers  were  assisted  by  the  pur- 
chase of  a  package  of  tickets  at  the  adjourned  meeting  held  December 
18,  1887.  The  resignation  of  James  J.  Murray  as  treasurer  was  accepted 
at  this  meeting,  and  for  his  long  and  faithful  service  in  that  office  he 
was  rewarded  with  a  vote  of  thanks. 

At  the  regular  meeting  held  December  2vS,  1887,  Mr.  Jolly  "  moved 
that  a  folding  board,  for  the  purpose  of  hanging  up  reports,  be  pro- 
cured."   The  motion  was  lost.    January  29,  1888,  Mr.  Jolly  renewed 


HISTORY  OF  PROVIDENCE  TYPOGRAPHICAL  UNION  119 

his  motion,  viz :  "  That  a  folding  board  be  purchased."  This  motion 
was  indefinitely  postponed.  At  the  same  meeting  he  proposed  that  a 
"board"  be  purchased,  and  that  motion  was 'lost.  February  26,  1888, 
Mr.  Jolly  moved  to  reconsider;  lost  again.  December  30,  1888,  ten 
months  later,  Mr.  Jolly  gave  notice  that  at  the  next  meeting  he  would 
introduce  a  resolution  that  the  Union  purchase  a  folding  board.  In  so 
far  as  the  January,  1889,  meeting  is  concerned  the  records  show  that 
that  notice  was  a  "  jolly,"  but  at  the  February  meeting  Mr.  Jolly  pro- 
duced the  resolution  and  the  Union  rewarded  his  persistence  by  adopting 
it,  Mr.  Jolly  was  appointed  a  committee  of  one  to  purchase  the  folding 
board,  the  expense  being  limited  to  $6. 

The  details  of  this  matter  are  not  given  to  demonstrate  the  value  of 
a  folding  board,  but  to  emphasize  the  importance  of  keeping  everlast- 
ingly at  it.  Mr.  Jolly's  achievement  is  a  practical  illustration  of  the 
success  which  attends  persistent  endeavor  intelHgently  directed. 

At  the  regular  meeting  held  January  29,  a  committee  of  seven  was 
appointed  to  work  up  membership  among  job  printers. 

John  C.  Hurll,  on  behalf  of  A.  Judson  Keach,  presented  the  Union 
with  a  memorial  tablet  at  the  February  meeting.  The  secretary  was 
ordered  to  return  thanks  to  Mr.  Keach,  and  to  have  the  tablet  framed. 

Provision  for  the  election  of  a  delegate  to  the  I.  T.  U.  was  made 
at  the  February  meeting,  and  WilHam  M.  Leavitt,  Alvah  Withee,  F.  F. 
Sorbie,  B.  Murphy,  J.  H.  Russell  and  N.  J.  Rodgers  were  placed  in  nom- 
ination. The  contest  proved  to  be  the  most  bitter  ever  waged  for  the 
honor.  There  had  been  husthng  and  protests  before,  as  there  have 
been  since,  but  in  this  case  the  battle  was  carried  to  the  floor  of  the 
convention,  which  was  held  that  year  at  Kansas  City,  Mo. 

A  recess  was  taken  at  the  March  meeting  for  the  purpose  of  bal- 
loting for  delegate,  and  after  counting  the  votes  the  tellers  appointed 
for  that  purpose  announced  the  following  result :  Leavitt  53,  Russell  48, 
Sorbie  13,  Murphy  9,  and  six  protested  ballots,  sealed  and  not  counted. 
A  motion  was  made  that  the  report  be  received  and  the  tellers  dis- 
charged. Amended  that  the  report  be  received,  the  six  protested  ballots 
counted  and  resealed.  The  chair  ruled  that  the  protested  ballots  could 
not  be  counted  pending  a  decision  from  the  President  of  the  I.  T.  U. 
Appeal  was  taken,  and  the  ruling  of  the  chair  was  not  sustained.  The 
amendment  was  then  passed,  and  the  tellers  recounted  the  vote,  in- 
cluding the  protested  ballots,  and  announced  as  the  result :  Leavitt  53, 
Russell  53,  Sorbie  13,  Murphy  10. 

It  was  then  voted  to  take  another  ballot  because  of  the  tie,  and 
to  keep  the  polls  open  one  hour.  In  the  meantime  many  of  the  mem- 
bers, believing  the  matter  had  been  settled  for  the  time  being,  had  left 


120  PRINTERS  AND  PRINTING  IN  PROVIDENCE 


the  hall,  while  some  others  who  remained  refused  to  take  part  in  the 
second  election.  The  result  of  the  vote,  as  reported  by  the  tellers,  was: 
Russell  48,  Leavitt  38.     Mr.  Leavitt  gave  notice  of  appeal. 

At  the  April  meeting  the  President  read  a  letter  from  the  President 
of  the  International  Union,  and  declared  William  M.  Leavitt  elected 
delegate  to  the  I.  T.  U.  convention.  Mr.  Russell  gave  notice  of  appeal  to 
the  convention.  The  convention  committee,  to  whom  the  controversy 
was  submitted,  recommended  that  both  delegates  be  seated,  for  the  rea- 
son that  Providence  Union  was  entitled  to  two  delegates  and  because 
the  contestant  had  travelled  so  great  a  distance.  At  the  same  time  the 
committee  made  plain  that  Mr.  Leavitt  was  the  one  regularly  elected. 
The  question  as  to  whom  should  be  paid  the  voted  expenses  of  delegate 
then  agitated  the  placid  deliberations  of  the  Union.  Both  principals  to 
the  controversy  were  about  equally  represented  at  the  meetings  of  the 
Union  and  motions,  amendments,  points  of  order,  etc.,  with  oratory, 
combined  to  delay  definite  action.  At  the  May  meeting  a  motion  that 
the  sum  of  $127  be  sent  to  the  secretary-treasurer  of  the  I.  T.  U.,  to  be 
paid  over  to  the  seated  delegate,  was  declared  out  of  order  by  the  Pres- 
ident. An  appeal  was  taken  from  this  decision  which  the  chair  refused 
to  entertain.  A  resolution  expressing  a  lack  of  confidence  in  the  chair 
was  presented  and  the  President  vacated  his  seat.  The  Vice-President 
then  refused  to  entertain  the  resolution,  and  amid  great  confusion  the 
Vice-President  declared  the  meeting  adjourned.  Mr.  Leavitt  made  a 
report  as  delegate  to  the  I.  T.  U.  convention  at  the  June  meeting,  which 
was  received  and  laid  on  the  table,  and  it  was  voted  that  the  $127  be 
held  by  the  Union  until  the  International  secretary-treasurer  be  heard 
from.  The  secretary's  letter,  which  was  read  at  the  July  meeting,  did 
not  settle  the  matter,  however,  and  the  executive  committee  was  in- 
structed to  ask  the  President  of  the  I.  T.  U.  to  decide  who  was  entitled 
to  the  money.  The  decision  of  the  President  was  unfavorable  to  Mr. 
Russell,  and  Mr.  Leavitt  was  voted  the  $127,  so  long  held  up,  at  the 
August  meeting. 

The  following  is  a  copy  of  the  letter  which  brought  the  delegate 
wrangle  to  a  close: 

"International  Typographical  Union. 
"Office  of  President, 
"Indianapolis,  Ind.,  August  11,  1888. 
"Rudolph  DeLeeuw,  Chairman  Executive  Committee,  Providence  Typocraphicai. 
Union,  No.  33: 

"Dear  Sir-  Yours  of  8th  inst.  is  at  hand,  submitting  to  me  the  question:  'Who  was 
the  legally  elected  delegate  as  recognized  by  the  convention,  and  who  is  entitled  to  the 
money  voted  by  said  Union  to  its  delegate?  (  No.  ^?i  voted  to  send  but  one  delegate. )' 

"Supplemental  report  of  committee  on  credentials  (  I  copy  from  proof  of  their  report 
verified  by  original  report)  says:  'Your  committee  has  carefully  gone  over  the  papers 
and  affidavits  presented  by  the  regularly  accredited  delegate  from  Union  No.  33,  Provi- 


HISTORY  OF  PROVIDENCE  TYPOGRAPHICAL  UNION  121 


dence,  Mr.  Leavitt,  and  also  those  of  Mr.  Russell,  the  contestant  for  the  former's  seat, 
and  after  giving  both  gentlemen  a  verbal  hearing,  are  unanimously  inclined  to  the  belief 
that  Mr.  Leavitt  is  entitled  to  the  contested  seat  in  the  convention.  Both  gentlemen 
have  come  quite  a  distance  to  attend  the  session  of  this  convention,  and  both  would  evi- 
dently have  been  sent  as  delegates  had  Providence  Union  felt  able  financially  to  do  so; 
therefore,  in  the  interest  of  harmony  and  in  view  of  the  fact  that  Union  No.  33  is  entitled 
to  two  delegates,  the  committee  unanimously  recommend  that  both  gentlemen  be  given 
seats  in  this  convention.' 

"This  report  was  signed  by  the  members  of  the  committee  and  adopted  by  the  con- 
vention, and  gives  the  contested  seat  to  Mr.  Leavitt.  [As  your  Union  intended  to  elect 
but  one  delegate,  and  made  provision  for  but  one,  the  emoluments,  if  any,  should  of  right 
go  to  the  delegate  who  was  declared  to  be  entitled  to  the  seat.  Under  the  law  as  it  then 
was  (see  Con.  Art.  11,  Section  I,  p.  160  Proc.  1887, )  the  International  Typographical  Union 
had  nothing  to  do  with  the  pay  of  delegates,  the  subordinate  Unions  and  the  delegates 
being  interested  only].  I  think  there  can  be  no  question  as  to  which  of  these  two  gentle- 
men was  entitled  to  the  seat  under  the  ruling  of  the  convention. 

"Fraternally, 

"Edw^ard  T.  Plank,  Pres.  I.  T.  U." 

To  take  up  the  important  doings  of  the  Union  during  the  months 
in  which  the  delegate  question  was  a  live  topic,  necessitates  a  return  to 
the  April  meeting,  at  which  Mr.  Wilkins  gave  notice  that  at  the  next 
meeting  he  would  "  rise  to  a  question  of  distinguished  privilege."  As 
recorded  above,  the  May  meeting,  at  which  Mr.  Wilkins  was  scheduled 
to  "rise,"  was  abruptly  adjourned  by  the  Vice-President,  which  may  ac- 
count for  no  reference  in  the  minutes  to  Mr.  Wilkins'  ascension.  At 
the  November  meeting,  however,  the  gentleman  did  "rise"  under  the 
specified  conditions,  but  the  altitude  attained  cannot  be  learned  by 
reading  the  minutes  of  that  meeting.  The  "distinguished  privilege" 
became  rather  popular,  and  for  a  while  afterward  different  members 
availed  themselves  of  the  opportunities  afforded  by  the  introduction  of 
that  edifying  exercise. 

For  neglect  of  duties  the  delegates  to  the  Central  Labor  Union 
were  requested  to  tender  their  resignations  at  the  July  meeting,  and 
a  new  set  of  delegates  were  elected. 

A  committee  was  appointed  at  the  July  meeting  to  prepare  a  book 
and  job  scale  of  prices  and  to  revise  the  newspaper  scale.  This  com- 
mittee presented  a  printed  report  at  a  special  meeting  called  Novem- 
ber 15,  and  that  part  of  the  scale  relating  to  the  newspaper  branch 
was,  with  some  amendments,  adopted  at  that  meeting,  adjournment 
being  had  to  November  18  for  consideration  of  the  book  and  job  scale. 
After  the  adoption  of  the  job  scale  by  sections,  ballot  was  taken  on  the 
adoption  of  the  scale  as  a  whole,  which  resulted  in  a  unanimous  vote. 
A  committee,  consisting  of  Messrs.  Wilkins,  Coogan  and  Ward,  for  the 
newspaper  branch;  and  Donovan,  Murray  and  Vinal  for  the  job  branch, 
was  appointed  to  interview  employers  as  to  their  acceptance  of  the  scale. 
The  committee  made  a  report  at  the  regular  meeting  November  25, 1888, 
but  the  nature  of  the  report  is  not  given.  It  is  remembered,  however, 
that  the  report  was  not  very  encouraging.     The  Telegram  management 


122  PRINTERS  AND  PRINTING  IN  PROVIDENCE 

could  not  be  induced  to  sign,  and  only  a  verbal  agreement  was  had  with 
the  Dispatch  proprietors,  the  scale  to  go  into  effect  at  the  latter  office 
February  25,  1889. 

The  formation  of  Pawtucket  Union,  No.  212,  was  announced  at  the 
November  meeting. 

The  summary  discharge  of  three  members  of  the  Union  in  the 
Telegram  office  was  the  subject  of  discussion  at  a  special  meeting  held 
December  11.  A  yea  and  nay  vote  taken  at  the  meeting  shows  that  99 
members  were  present.  A  motion  that  a  committee  be  appointed  to 
investigate  the  matter  was  lost.  It  was  then  voted  that  the  executive 
committee  demand  the  immediate  reinstatement  of  the  three  discharged 
members.  The  reason  for  the  discharge  of  the  men  is  not  divulged 
by  the  minutes.  Briefly  stated  the  facts  are :  Messrs.  Ayres,  Boomer, 
McGuinness  and  Wilkins  began  the  publication  of  a  weekly  newspaper 
(The  Paper)  devoted  to  labor  matters.  Ayres,  Boomer  and  Wilkins 
held  situations  on  the  Telegram,  and  in  the  second  issue  of  The  Paper 
there  appeared  an  article  offensive  to  D.  0.  Black,  then  pubhsher  of  the 
Telegram,  for  which  he  ordered  the  discharge  of  the  men  last  named. 
At  the  regular  meeting,  December  29,  the  executive  committee  reported 
that  the  three  men  had  been  reinstated. 

The  reinstatement  of  the  men  was  accomplished,  however,  only  by 
resort  to  the  "  strike,"  which  was  ordered  by  the  executive  committee 
at  7  o'clock  Saturday  evening,  December  15,  1888.  The  management 
of  the  Telegram  capitulated,  and  the  men  returned  to  work  at  8.30  the 
same  evening.  Twenty-nine  men  and  three  apprentices  were  involved 
in  the  trouble. 

A  committee  was  appointed  October  28, 1888,  to  prepare  for  a  ban- 
quet and  social  to  be  held  Thanksgiving  night,  November  29.  Slocum 
Light  Guards'  Armory  was  the  scene  of  the  festivities.  The  following 
exercises  followed  the  feast:  Toasts— Providence  Union,  responded  to 
by  JohnP.  Dolan;  President  United  States,  George  M.  Carpenter;  State 
of  Rhode  Island,  Royal  C.  Taft;  City  of  Providence,  Gilbert  F.  Robbins; 
International  Typographical  Union,  C.  G.  Wilkins;  The  Compositor, 
W.  F.  Elsbree;  The  Sub.,  J.  J.  Murray;  The  Ladies,  John  E.  Hurley;  Our 
Visitors,  E.  P.  Tobie.  Songs  by  Mr.  Black  (not  D.  0.)  and  Etta  Bren- 
nan ;  recitation  by  Katherine  Loughran.  Committee— James  J.  Murray, 
chairman ;  James  Moore,  Walter  F.  Walsh,  William  Donovan,  John  C. 
Hurll,  Matthew  J.  Cummings.  It  was  voted  at  the  February,  1889, 
meeting  that  the  committee  be  discharged  and  the  deficiency  on  account 
of  the  entertainment  liquidated. 

It  was  announced  at  the  regular  meeting  held  December  30  that 
there  was  not  enough  money  on  hand  to  pay  bills  then  due,  and  several 


HISTORY  OF  PROVIDENCE  TYPOGRAPHICAL  UNION  123 

efforts  to  levy  an  assessment  were  defeated.  The  financial  secretary- 
stated  that  considerable  money  was  due  the  Union  from  the  chairmen 
of  the  different  offices.  It  was  voted  that  the  chairmen  be  notified  to 
liquidate  immediately. 

January  27,  1889,  a  letter  was  read  from  a  member  then  in  Woon- 
socket,  demanding  that  the  Union  forward  his  travelling  card.  The 
financial  secretary  was  instructed  to  notify  the  gentleman  that  upon 
payment  of  his  accumulated  dues  and  the  price  of  three  banquet 
tickets  his  card  would  be  forthcoming. 

James  P.  Bowes,  chairman  of  the  Central  Labor  Union  delegation, 
reported  from  that  body  at  the  January  (1889)  meeting  that  a  move- 
ment was  on  foot  looking  toward  the  formation  of  a  State  Branch  of  the 
American  Federation  of  Labor,  and  asked  for  an  expression  of  feeling 
by  this  Union  on  the  matter.  The  delegation  was  instructed  to  favor 
the  scheme. 

An  assessment  of  25  cents  per  capita  was  levied  at  this  meeting. 

The  following  resolution  was  passed: 

"  Resolved,  That  no  member  of  this  Union  patronize  any  saloon,  hotel,  drug  store, 
cigar  store  or  other  dealers  in  cigars,  who  do  not  keep  Union  made  goods,  and  that  any 
member  violating  this  resolution  shall  be  disciplined  by  this  Union." 

At  the  February  meeting  it  was  voted,  35  to  34,  to  send  a  delegate 
to  the  L  T.  U.  convention  to  be  held  at  Denver.  Andrew  F.  Moran  was 
chosen  to  represent  Providence. 

The  executive  committee  was  instructed  to  wire  request  to  the 
congressmen  from  this  State  to  vote  in  favor  of  the  Chace  copyright 
bill,  then  under  consideration  before  the  House  of  Representatives. 

The  February  meeting  was  held  on  the  24th,  and  a  committee  pre- 
viously appointed  looking  to  the  unionizing  of  the  Journal  office  reported 
progress.  The  following  day  there  appeared  in  the  columns  of  the 
Telegram  a  statement  which  read  substantially  as  follows: 

"The  management  of  the  Providence  Journal  is  to  be  turned  over  to  the  printers, 
and  one  of  its  proprietors,  who  superintends  the  work  of  the  composing  room,  is  to  be 
compelled  to  join  the  Union,  which  is  reported  to  be  maturing  plans  for  lessening  the 
profits  of  the  Journal.  Mr.  Howland,  when  seen,  had  not  been  notified  of  the  demands  to 
be  made  upon  the  paper.  When  the  time  comes  the  statement  of  Mr.  Howland  will  be 
truthfully  given,  and  not  garbled  and  distorted  as  was  an  account  given  by  the  Journal 
of  trouble  with  one  of  its  contemporaries." 

The  executive  committee  was  instructed  to  have  a  card  inserted  in 
the  Providence  Journal  and  the  Telegram  denying  the  statements  made 
in  the  above  article. 

February  25  was  the  date  set  for  the  estabhshment  of  the  new  scale 
in  the  Dispatch  office.  Saturday,  February  23,  Charles  C.  Corbett,  editor 
of  the  Dispatch,  who  had  for  some  time  been  on  bail  because  of  a  $10,000 
libel  suit,  was  surrendered  by  Richard  Thornley,  one  of  his  bondsmen, 
and  was  not  released  from  durance  vile  until  the  Wednesday  following 


124  PRINTERS  AND  PRINTING  IN  PROVIDENCE 

at  about  10  P.  M.  Before  starting  for  Cranston,  in  custody  of  the  officer, 
Corbett  assured  the  men  working  in  the  office  that  he  had  made  provision 
for  the  payment  of  wages  in  case  he  should  not  be  on  hand  the  following 
Monday.  The  ghost  did  not  walk,  however,  but  the  men  were  told  that 
the  money  would  be  ready  Tuesday  at  4:30.  At  a  special  meeting  of  the 
Union  held  that  afternoon  it  was  reported  that  the  money  did  not  ma- 
terialize at  the  hour  specified.  The  executive  committee  was  instructed 
to  make  effort  to  collect,  and  to  employ  legal  talent,  if  necessary.  The 
committee  reported  back  to  the  same  meeting  that  it  was  unable  to 
obtain  the  money  due  the  men.  It  was  then  voted  that  the  men  be 
"called  out."  Wednesday,  February  27,  the  Dispatch  was  not  printed, 
but  it  was  announced  on  the  bulletin  board  of  that  paper  that  it  would 
appear  the  next  day  as  usual.  The  only  person  about  the  office  on  the 
27th,  according  to  the  Providence  Journal's  report  of  the  strike,  was  the 
engineer,  who,  when  asked  why  he  was  there,  answered  that  he  was 
there  "to  prevent  the  place  from  being  blown  up."  Twenty-three  at- 
tachments were  placed  on  the  property  February  27,  and  the  next  day 
two  more  attachments  were  filed  against  the  paper.  On  March  1, 
according  to  the  same  authority,  "  two  or  three  non-union  compositors 
had  been  secured  and  one  column  of  original  matter  was  set  up  and 
locked  in  a  form  with  plate  matter."  This  form,  with  three  others  of 
plate  matter,  was  transferred  under  pohce  protection  to  the  office  of  the 
Rhode  Island  Democrat.  The  present  Chief  of  Police  was  one  of  the 
officers  forming  the  cordon.  No  sooner  had  the  form  arrived,  however, 
than  a  deputy  sheriff  was  on  hand  and  placed  a  keeper  in  charge,  but 
allowed  the  paper  to  be  printed.  The  sheriff  then  notified  the  Dispatch 
people  that  they  must  issue  the  paper  from  their  own  plant  in  the 
future.  Editorially  the  paper  said  an  improvement  in  its  appearance 
would  be  made  in  forthcoming  issues.  On  Wednesday,  March  7,  Deputy 
Sheriff  McCabe  released  the  25  attachments  on  the  receipt  of  $786.18, 
the  sum  total  of  the  amounts  due  the  employes.  March  6  the  Dispatch 
secured  the  services  of  Al.  Cohick  and  a  gang  of  "rat"  printers  from 
Norwich,  Conn.,  and  elsewhere. 

The  executive  committee  reported  at  the  March  meeting  that  polit- 
ical pressure  was  being  brought  to  bear  in  the  Dispatch  trouble. 
Accepted  as  progress. 

The  President  of  the  Union  and  the  chairman  of  the  Telegram 
chapel  were  instructed  to  call  upon  Mr.  Black  of  the  Telegram  and 
obtain  his  signature  to  the  scale  of  prices. 

A  special  meeting  was  called  April  17,  for  the  purpose  of  taking 
action  in  regard  to  the  issuing  of  a  travelling  card  to  an  apprentice 
member.   Michael  H.  Donahue,  employed  in  the  Telegram  office,  had  been 


E       £ 


^  £  >  c« 


HISTORY   OF  PROVIDENCE  TYPOGRAPHICAL  UNION  125 

discharged  before  the  completion  of  his  apprenticeship.  Before  his  dis- 
charge the  boy  had  been  admitted  to  the  Union  as  an  apprentice  member, 
and  upon  his  discharge  he  made  application  to  the  executive  committee 
for  full  membership.  The  committee  granted  Mr.  Donahue  a  travelling 
card.  It  was  for  the  purpose  of  revoking  the  action  of  the  executive 
committee  that  the  special  meeting  was  called.  After  a  bitter  wrangle 
the  committee  was  sustained  by  a  vote  of  28  to  10.  Twenty  or  more 
members  present  did  not  vote. 

That  the  executive  committee  exceeded  its  authority  in  this  matter 
there  can  be  no  doubt,  and  had  the  10  members  who  so  ably  opposed  its 
action  appealed  their  case  to  the  I.  T.  U.  officials  they  would  as  surely 
have  been  sustained. 

Trouble  developed  fast  for  Providence  Union  after  the  adjournment 
of  this  meeting.  With  the  Dispatch  still  in  the  breach,  the  Journal  an 
open  office,  the  job  branch  in  a  demoralized  condition  and  everything 
looking  all  but  rosy,  on  April  27, 1889,  at  the  close  of  composition  on  the 
Evening  Telegram,  Mr.  Black  appeared  in  the  composing  room  of  that 
paper  and  announced  that  all  who  desired  to  remain  in  his  employ  must 
immediately  sign  a  contract,  which  he  thereupon  presented.  A  chapel 
meeting  was  called  by  the  chairman,  George  W.  Wilson,  who  stated  the 
conditions  of  the  contract,  and  it  was  voted  unanimously  that  the  con- 
tract be  not  signed.  Mr.  Black  then  gave  notice  to  the  men  that  their 
services  were  no  longer  required,  and  every  man  took  leave  of  the 
Telegram. 

In  refusing  to  sign  the  contract  the  men  were  justified  in  that  they, 
as  a  chapel,  did  not  have  the  authority,  and  as  individuals  would  be 
obHged  to  sever  their  connection  with  the  Union. 

The  regular  meeting  of  the  Union  was  held  the  next  day,  Sunday, 
April  28,  and  the  following  resolution  was  adopted  and  ordered  com- 
municated to  the  Rhode  Island  Central  Labor  Union : 

"Whereas,  D.  0.  Black,  publisher  of  the  Evening  and  Sunday  Telegram  of  this  city, 
having  locked  out  the  compositors  and  Union  men  from  his  employ  and  declared  his  office 
a  non-union  shop,  thereby  placing  himself  on  record  as  opposed  to  organized  labor,  there- 
fore, be  it 

"Resolved,  That  the  Central  Labor  Union  of  Rhode  Island  do  pledge  itself  to  stand 
by  Providence  Typographical  Union  in  its  struggle  for  its  rights,  and  will  use  all  lawful 
efforts  to  bring  said  D.  0.  Black  to  terms  with  said  Union." 

Notwithstanding  all  the  trouble  on  hand  and  no  apparent  decrease 
in  the  visible  supply  of  that  article,  this  meeting  was  marked  by  seem- 
ingly reckless  prodigahty.  One  member  was  voted  $42  strike  benefits, 
to  be  paid  out  of  the  local  treasury,  and  the  executive  committee  was 
instructed  to  present  a  claim  for  that  amount  to  the  I.  T.  U.;  the  dues 
and  assessments  of  all  female  members,  with  the  exception  of  per  capita 
taxes,  were  remitted;   $175  was  voted  for  expenses  of  the  I.  T.  U.  dele- 


126  PRINTERS  AND  PRINTING  IN  PROVIDENCE 


gate,  and  bills  to  the  amount  of  $59.63  were  ordered  paid.  An  assess- 
ment of  10  per  cent,  of  the  earnings  of  the  members  was  voted  for  the 
purpose  of  conducting  the  fight  against  the  Telegram. 

In  less  than  one  week  after  the  lockout  on  the  Telegram  the  ex- 
ecutive committee  had  estabhshed  a  daily  paper,  The  Call,  and  the 
Union  continued  its  publication  for  about  eight  months. 

While  no  special  meetings  of  the  Union  were  held  during  the  month 
of  May  the  executive  committee  and  the  locked  out  members  of  the 
Telegram  chapel  held  frequent  meetings,  at  which  the  welfare  of  the 
Call  and  the  progress  of  the  fight  with  the  Telegram  were  discussed. 

The  May  meeting  was  devoted  almost  entirely  to  the  reports  of 
committees  and  officers.  The  manager  of  the  Call,  Frank  E.  Jones, 
also  made  a  report,  and  he  was  instructed  to  correspond  with  Messrs. 
Remington,  Bowditch  and  Crandall  in  regard  to  the  editorial  man- 
agement of  the  paper.  The  minutes  of  the  June  meeting  show  that 
J.  D.  Hall,  Jr.,  had  succeeded  Mr.  Jones  as  manager  of  the  Call,  Mr.  Jones 
having  assumed  editorial  control.  Mr.  Hall  was  thanked  by  the  Union 
for  the  able  manner  in  which  he  was  conducting  the  paper.  Mr.  Hall 
explained  that  the  dull  season  for  advertising  was  at  hand  and  that  the 
Union  must  take  that  fact  into  consideration  if  the  business  to  be  done 
for  a  few  months  to  follow  showed  a  decrease.  August  10,  a  special 
meeting  was  called  by  the  executive  committee  to  consider  an  offer 
made  by  Messrs.  Pease  and  Bowditch  for  the  purchase  of  the  Call.  The 
amount  offered  was  $1000  for  the  plant  and  good  will  of  the  paper,  with 
the  understanding  that  they  be  allowed  to  use  "  plate  matter  "  without 
restriction.  The  offer  was  accepted,  by  vote,  after  considerable  dis- 
cussion. For  some  reason  the  deal  was  not  consummated,  and  at  the 
regular  meeting  August  25,  Mr.  Hall,  manager  of  the  Call,  was  reported 
as  sick  and  A.  L.  Randall  was  appointed  manager  during  Mr.  Hall's 
illness.  At  the  October  meeting  Mr.  Hall  reported  on  the  condition  of 
the  Call.  The  report  was  referred  to  the  executive  committee,  and  at 
the  November  meeting  his  report  was  referred  to  a  newly  appointed 
finance  committee. 

A  special  meeting  was  held  December  8,  1889,  and  J.  H.  Russell, 
representing  other  parties,  offered  $700  for  the  Call  plant.  At  that 
meeting  it  was  voted  to  sell  the  property  to  the  highest  bidder  during 
the  next  three  days,  the  price  to  be  not  less  than  $700,  and  a  committee 
was  appointed  to  consummate  the  sale  and  adjust  finances. 

■  Evidently  this  committee  was  unable  to  carry  out  its  instructions, 
for  at  the  regular  meeting  held  December  29,  it  was  "Voted,  That  if  the 
Call  is  not  sold  by  January  15,  1890,  it  shall  be  suspended."  The  ex- 
ecutive committee  and  the  manager  of  the  Call  were  instructed  to  attend 


HISTORY  OF  PROVIDENCE  TYPOGRAPHICAL  UNION  127 

to  the  details.  Final  reference  to  the  Call  as  the  Union's  newspaper  was 
made  at  the  January  (1890)  meeting,  and  is  expressed  in  these  words  in 
the  minutes:     "Mr.  Hall  made  report  on  the  Call  matter.    Accepted." 

During  the  eight  months'  life  of  the  Call  as  a  printers'  paper,  very 
little  business,  other  than  discussing  the  policy  and  prospects  of  the 
venture,  had  been  transacted  at  the  Union  meetings,  the  battle  against 
the  Telegram  being  waged  through  the  columns  of  the  Call.  The  sale 
of  the  paper  transferred  the  struggle  to  the  floor  of  the  Union. 

A  letter  from  A.  M.  Williams,  editor  of  the  Providence  Journal, 
was  read  at  the  meeting  held  June  30,  1889,  returning  the  $100  death 
benefit  of  James  Williams,  and  requesting  that  the  money  be  devoted 
to  the  aid  of  sick  and  disabled  members.  It  was  voted  to  accept  the 
money  for  the  purposes  assigned  in  the  letter,  and  the  secretary  was 
instructed  to  forward  the  thanks  of  the  Union  to  Mr.  Williams. 

At  the  July  meeting  $5  was  donated  to  the  Central  Labor  Union 
to  help  defray  a  deficiency  incurred  by  its  Fourth  of  July  picnic. 

Nothing  of  interest  is  recorded  in  the  minutes  of  the  meetings  for 
the  six  months  following,  ordinary  routine  to  a  degree  depressing 
ruling  the  assemblages. 

January  26,  1890,  it  is  recorded  that  the  Union  men  employed  in 
the  Telegram  office  had  been  "  ordered  out "  by  the  executive  com- 
mittee since  the  last  meeting  of  the  Union,  December  29,  1889.  The 
reason  alleged  for  the  action  being  "  discrimination  and  unfair  treat- 
ment of  members  of  the  Union." 

At  the  February  meeting  resolutions  were  adopted  and  forwarded 
to  the  congressmen  and  senators  from  this  state  asking  their  support 
in  the  effort  then  being  made  by  Columbia  Union  to  have  restored  the 
prices  current  previous  to  March  3,  1877,  in  the  Government  Printing 
Office. 

Rudolph  DeLeeuw  was  elected  to  represent  Providence  Union  at 
the  Atlanta  convention  of  the  I.  T.  U.,  and  he  was  instructed  to  sustain 
the  executive  council  in  the  Albany  matter.  The  "Albany  matter" 
was  an  appeal  by  Albany  Union  from  a  decision  by  President  Plank  of 
the  I.  T.  U.  The  appeal  and  decision  were  read  at  the  meeting  held 
March  30,  1890,  and  the  above  action  taken. 

A  committee  was  appointed  at  the  June  meeting  to  devise  means 
for  entertaining  the  I.  T.  U.  delegates  to  the  Boston  convention  to  be 
held  June,  1891. 

A  motion  to  appoint  a  committee  to  formulate  some  plan  for  the 
admission  of  non-printer  hnotype  operators,  the  same  to  be  submitted 
to  the  I.  T.  U.  executive  council,  was  lost;  the  secretary  was  instructed 
to  correspond  with  unions  where  machine  operators  were  employed  in 


128  PRINTERS  AND  PRINTING  IN  PROVIDENCE 


regard  to  rules  they  may  have  for  the  admission  of  non-printer 
operators. 

Mr.  Martin,  President  of  the  Union,  at  the  September  meeting, 
suggested  that  two  shares  of  the  Call  be  purchased.  The  matter  was 
referred  to  the  executive  committee  with  power  to  act. 

A  committee  was  appointed  at  the  December  meeting  to  make 
effort  to  form  a  beneficial  society  among  the  printers  employed  in  the 
Telegram  office.  The  purpose  of  this  move  was  to  organize  the  men 
in  that  oflfice  in  a  manner  intended  to  give  no  offence  to  the  manage- 
ment. Of  course,  the  object  was  to  eventually  gather  the  society  into 
the  Union  fold,  but — alas,  the  motive  was  too  apparent.  December  30, 
two  days  after  the  appointment  of  the  committee,  three  Union  men 
were  discharged  from  the  Telegram.  A  special  meeting  was  called 
December  31  to  consider  the  matter.  The  meeting  was  held  in  a  room 
of  the  Hotel  St.  George,  southeast  corner  of  Washington  and  Mathew- 
son  streets.  The  building  in  which  the  hotel  was  located  has  since 
been  demolished  to  make  way  for  the  widening  of  Washington  street. 
It  was  decided  at  this  meeting  to  prepare  a  statement  for  publication, 
and  a  committee  was  appointed  for  that  purpose. 

Four  delegates  were  appointed  at  the  meeting  held  January  25, 
1891,  for  the  purpose  of  attending  a  Labor  Conference  to  be  held  Sun- 
day, February  8.  No  report  of  the  delegates  is  recorded.  It  was  voted 
that  $5  be  forwarded  to  Sacramento  Union. 

Nominations  for  delegate  to  the  Boston  convention  of  the  I.  T.  U. 
were  made  at  the  February  meeting,  and  at  the  March  meeting  Frank- 
lin P.  Eddy  was  declared  elected.  The  delegate  was  instructed  at  the 
May  meeting  to  vote  in  favor  of  the  death  benefit  provision ;  against 
the  permanent  place  of  meeting,  and  uninstructed  as  to  the  general 
amnesty  proposition. 

The  records  for  the  June,  July  and  August  meetings  are  missing. 

It  was  voted  at  the  September  meeting  to  endorse  the  action  taken 
by  the  Central  Labor  Union  in  regard  to  the  Record  and  News.  The 
action  of  the  Central  body  referred  to  was  an  endorsement  of  the  atti- 
tude of  those  two  papers  in  regard  to  organized  labor. 

November  1,  1891,  a  special  meeting  was  held,  at  which  it  was 
voted  that  the  Union  withdraw  its  permission  to  members  to  work  in 
the  Telegram  office.  It  was  provided  that  to  those  coming  out  the  sum 
of  $7  per  week  would  be  paid  for  a  period  of  eight  weeks.  It  was  then 
voted  that  all  working  in  the  Telegram  office  after  9  A.  M.  on  Novem- 
ber 2,  would  forfeit  their  Union  ties. 

The  finance  committee  reported  at  the  meeting  held  November  30, 
that  it  had  borrowed  $50  to  be  used  by  the  Telegram  committee,  and  at 


HISTORY  OF  PROVIDENCE  TYPOGRAPHICAL  UNION  129 


the  same  meeting  $10  was  voted  to  Pittsburg  Union  in  response  to  an 
appeal  for  aid ;  besides  it  was  gallantly  voted  to  present  to  a  female 
applicant  for  membership  her  initiation  fee — $2. 

At  the  December  meeting  the  sentiment  was  expressed  by  vote 
that  it  would  be  economically  wise  and  prudent  for  the  city  of  Provi- 
dence to  establish  its  own  electric  lighting  plant. 

The  committee  having  the  Telegram  matter  in  hand  was  dis- 
charged at  this  meeting. 

The  Typographical  Union  Label  is  first  mentioned  in  the  minutes 
of  Providence  Union  under  date  of  January  31,  1892,  and  in  conform- 
ity with  the  following  resolution  a  committee  was  appointed  to  have 
custody  of  and  authority  to  permit  its  use : 

"  Resolved,  That  a  committee  of  three  be  appointed,  two  of  whom  must  be  book 
or  job  printers,  to  take  entire  charge  of  placing  a  Union  label  in  job  and  other  offices; 
provided  that  no  label  be  issued  to  any  office  unless  said  office  becomes  what  is  known  as 
a  '  card '  office.  And  that  said  committee  be  hereby  directed  to  at  once  procure  a 
Union  label  from  headquarters  and  draw  money  from  this  Union  to  pay  for  the  same. 
And  said  committee  shall,  at  least  once  a  month,  cause  to  be  published  and  sent  to  every 
Union  connected  with  the  R.  I.  C.  L.  U.  the  name  of  every  firm  entitled  to  use  said 
label." 

The  following  preamble  and  resolution  was  adopted  at  the  same 
meeting : 

"  Whereas,  In  the  Sunday  Telegram  of  January  24,  there  appeared  a  letter  signed 
P.  H.  Quinn,  District  Secretary  and  Treasurer  D.  A.  99,  K.  of  L.,  in  which  was  given 
what  purported  to  be  a  statement  of  the  relations  of  the  Knights  of  Labor  to  the 
Providence  Typographical  Union  in  the  past  and  present,  and 

"  Whereas,  Said  statement  was  in  the  main  false  and  wholly  uncalled  for,  and 
especially  as  it  supported  the  Telegram  in  opposition  to  the  Typographical  Union ;  be  it 
therefore 

"  Resolved,  That  this  Union  requests  a  retraction  and  apology  for  the  publication 
of  said  statement,  the  request  to  be  made  through  the  District  Master  Workman  of  the 
K.  of  L." 

The  Union  approved  the  expressed  intention  of  the  Rhode  Island 
Central  Labor  Union  to  pubhsh  a  monthly  "  Union  Bulletin,"  provided 
the  pubhcation  would  not  entail  assessments  upon  the  component 
Unions. 

The  Union  also  approved  the  report  of  the  Commissioner  of  Indus- 
trial Statistics,  in  which  he  recommended  that  the  law  be  so  amended 
as  to  prohibit  the  employment  of  children  under  13  years  instead  of  10, 
in  factory,  mercantile  estabhshment  or  workshop,  and  hoped  that  the 
recommendation  would  be  favorably  acted  upon  at  the  present  session 
of  the  Legislature. 

The  bill  introduced  in  the  General  Assembly  by  Representative 
Hughes  of  Cumberland,  making  the  first  Monday  in  September  a  legal 
hohday,  to  be  known  as  Labor  Day,  was  heartily  endorsed,  as  was  also 
the  bill  introduced  by  Senator  Garvin,  establishing  a  9-hour  day  or  54- 
hour  week. 


130  PRINTERS  AND  PRINTING  IN  PROVIDENCE 

Ten  dollars  was  appropriated  to  aid  in  bringing  the  weekly  payment 
bill  before  the  Supreme  Court. 

Quite  a  politico-economic  record  for  one  meeting.  And  still  another 
resolution  along  the  same  Hues  was  laid  on  the  table,  the  proposal  of  a 
vote  of  thanks  to  the  committee  on  city  printing  for  its  action  in  award- 
ing the  printing  of  the  city  to  friendly  firms,  meeting  that  fate. 

It  was  voted  at  the  February  meeting  to  send  one  delegate  to  the 
I.  T.  U.  convention  to  be  held  at  Philadelphia  the  following  June.  At 
the  April  meeting  it  was  announced  that  George  B.  SulHvan  had  been 
chosen  to  act  as  the  Union's  representative.  The  expense  appropriation 
w^as  $35. 

It  was  stated  by  the  committee  having  the  matter  in  hand  that 
$22.25  had  been  collected  for  the  purpose  of  helping  defray  the  cost  of 
bringing  the  weekly  payment  bill  before  the  Supreme  Court. 

An  invitation  to  attend  a  lecture  to  be  given  at  Bell  Street  Chapel 
on  March  18  was  accepted  at  this  meeting. 

In  March  a  resolution  was  passed  expressing  sympathy  and  guar- 
anteeing moral  support  to  the  Clothing  Salesmen's  Association  in  their 
struggle  with  two  firms  persisting  in  keeping  their  stores  open  after 
6.30  P.  M.  At  the  November  meeting  these  firms  were  placed  on  the 
"We  Don't  Patronize  List,"  after  which  Mr.  Whitaker,  representing 
the  salesmen,  addressed  the  Union,  and  upon  his  retirement  a  com- 
mittee of  one  to  act  with  representatives  of  other  organizations  was 
appointed  to  call  on  the  proprietors  of  these  stores  in  the  interest  of 
the  salesmen. 

Al.  C.  Howell  explained  to  the  Union  the  reason  of  the  recent  visit 
of  George  Chance  of  Philadelphia,  and  a  committee  of  five  was 
appointed  to  solicit  funds  to  aid  Philadelphia  Union.  Fourteen  dollars 
was  obtained  in  this  manner  and  forwarded  to  Philadelphia. 

The  following  is  entered  on  the  minutes  of  the  April  meeting : 

"The  sound  of  martial  music  being  heard  it  was  voted  to  take  a  recess  of  five 
minutes  to  allow  the  members  an  opportunity  to  feast  their  eyes  on  a  company  of 
soldiers." 

Mr.  Grieve,  explaining  the  absence  of  George  E.  Boomer,  stated 
that  he  had  found  him  at  Pawtuxet  painting  a  boat,  said  boat  belonging 
to  a  syndicate  of  which  said  Boomer  was  a  member,  which  act,  Mr. 
Grieve  asserted,  was  "in  direct  contravention  of  both  Biblical  and 
International  law,  which  prohibits  a  man  from  working  seven  days  a 
week." 

The  secretary  was  ordered  at  the  May  meeting  to  write  to  Boston 
Union  in  regard  to  the  Telegram  obtaining  plate  matter  from  a  Union 
shop. 


HISTORY  OF  PROVIDENCE  TYPOGRAPHICAL  UNION  131 

An  attempt  to  raise  the  dues  to  75c.  per  month,  with  a  rebate  of 
25c.  for  attendance  at  meetings,  was  made  at  the  June  meeting  and 
laid  over  to  July.  At  that  meeting  the  matter  was  laid  on  the  table  for 
two  months  and  then  evidently  forgotten. 

At  the  July  meeting  a  committee  was  appointed  to  make  arrange- 
ments for  a  delegation  of  printers  to  participate  in  an  excursion  of  the 
Weavers'  Union  on  August  20. 

August  28,  a  communication  from  New  York  Union,  No.  6,  an- 
nounced that  the  New  York  Tribune  had  become  a  strict  Union  office. 

An  invitation  to  attend  the  Journeymen  Plumbers'  fair  was  ac- 
cepted at  the  September  meeting. 

A  special  meeting  of  the  Union  was  held  October  17,  1892,  because 
it  was  believed  at  that  time  that  affairs  in  the  Telegram  office  demanded 
immediate  attention.  The  progress  made  by  the  executive  committee 
in  dealing  with  the  Democratic  city  committee  was  reported.  The 
executive  committee  was  given  full  power  to  further  negotiate  with 
the  leaders  of  the  Democratic  party.  At  the  regular  October  meeting 
the  committee  reported  another  conference  with  the  Democratic  city 
committee,  from  which  body  a  committee  of  ten  had  been  appointed  to 
call  on  Mr.  Banigan;  that  they  had  also  had  an  interview  with  the 
Democratic  State  Central  Committee,  a  committee  from  that  organiza- 
tion being  appointed  to  co-operate  with  the  committee  of  ten  above 
referred  to.  An  answer  from  the  joint  committee  had  not  been  re- 
ceived up  to  October  29,  the  date  upon  which  one  was  promised. 

A  scale  of  prices  was  adopted  at  this  meeting,  35c.  per  1000  ems 
being  the  rate  for  afternoon  and  weekly  papers  and  40c.  for  morning 
papers. 

At  a  special  meeting  held  December  14,  1892,  the  secretary  was 
ordered  to  apply  to  the  executive  council  for  permission  for  this  Union 
to  grant  a  general  amnesty  in  accordance  with  Sec.  110  of  the  I.  T.  U. 
constitution.  The  minutes  of  this  meeting  were,  by  vote,  suppressed 
until  ordered  read  by  the  executive  committee. 

At  the  regular  December  meeting  a  communication  from  P.  H. 
Quinn  was  received,  asking  that  the  Union  be  represented  at  the  ban- 
quet of  the  Industrial  Alliance. 

The  executive  committee  called  a  special  meeting  January  3,  1893, 
at  which  it  reported  that  Providence  Union  had  been  granted  the  priv- 
ilege of  a  general  amnesty.  The  committee  was  given  full  power  to 
act  under  the  order. 

A  committee  appointed  December  18,  1892,  to  consider  the  advisa- 
bility of  some  form  of  entertainment  reported  in  favor  of  a  concert  at 
the  special  meeting  January  3,  1893,  and  after  discussion  the  com- 


132  PRINTERS  AND  PRINTING  IN  PROVIDENCE 

mittee  was  instructed  to  carry  out  the  idea  suggested.  At  Blackstone 
Hall  on  the  night  of  January  31  a  good-sized  audience  enjoyed  the 
dehghtful  programme  arranged  by  the  committee:  The  Providence 
Handel  Club  Orchestra  opened  the  concert  with  "  Fletterwoch  Over- 
ture," the  Weber  Ladies'  Quartette  sang  two  selections,  and  William 
Hanrahan,  tenor,  rendered  "  Margherita,"  responding  to  an  encore 
with  "Let  Me  Like  a  Soldier  Fall."  Miss  Florence  Williams  told  of 
the  fortunes  and  misfortunes  of  "  The  Whistling  Regiment,"  and  was 
followed  by  the  Palma  Mandolin  and  Guitar  Club  with  enlivening 
selections.  Mrs.  Minnie  H.  Vaughn,  soprano;  J.  H.  Jennings,  banjo 
soloist ;  Miss  Emily  J.  Ballou,  contralto ;  Charles  H.  Bosworth,  bass,  and 
Charles  Tisdale,  responded  to  encores.  The  committee  in  charge  of 
the  concert  consisted  of  John  J.  Nolan,  Joseph  H.  McGuinness,  J.  D. 
Hall,  Jr.,  William  Donovan,  Rudolph  DeLeeuw  and  George  E.  Boomer. 
The  receipts  of  the  concert  amounted  to  $132,  expenditures  $55.37, 
leaving  a  balance  of  $76.63. 

At  the  regular  meeting  held  January  29,  1893,  a  committee  was 
appointed  to  aid  in  the  formation  of  a  Pressman's  Union,  and  it  was 
voted  to  advocate  the  purchase  of  Union-made  goods  and  Union-label 
goods  as  opposed  to  K.  of  L.  goods  and  K.  of  L.  label. 

At  the  February  meeting  announcement  was  made  that  the  Central 
Labor  Union  had  received  a  charter  from  the  A.  F.  of  L.  It  was  also 
stated  that  the  Unions  identified  with  the  building  and  constructing 
industries  were  to  hold  a  meeting  for  the  purpose  of  forming  a  Build- 
ing Trades  Council. 

Protest  by  resolution  was  made  at  an  adjourned  meeting  held 
April  9  against  the  appointment  of  Charles  William  Edwards  as  Public 
Printer  at  Washington.  A  committee  was  instructed  to  wait  upon  the 
Democratic  representative  and  ask  that  he  object  to  the  appointment 
of  said  Edwards;  and  to  also  lay  the  matter  before  other  labor  organi- 
zations. 

April  30  the  executive  committee  reported  that  conditions  in  the 
Telegram  office  were  very  satisfactory. 

Wilham  Palmer  was  elected  delegate  to  the  L  T.  U.  convention 
to  be  held  in  Chicago.  Seventy-five  dollars  was  voted  the  delegate- 
elect,  and  at  the  May  meeting  an  additional  $25  was  voted. 

A  committee  from  the  Rhode  Island  Central  Labor  Union  was 
given  the  privilege  of  the  floor  at  the  May  meeting.  This  committee 
stated  that  their  visit  was  due  to  the  fact  that  it  had  discovered  that 
the  working  cards  of  the  Typographical  Union  did  not  bear  the  Union 
label,  a  condition  which  the  Central  body  did  not  approve  and  could  not 
conceive  its  toleration  by  No.  33.     An  examination  of  their  cards  by 


^  # 


#^'^|^:^£ 


«r> 


•i"i> 


«>^    ^ 


HISTORY  OF  PROVIDENCE  TYPOGRAPHICAL  UNION  133 

the  members  revealed  the  truth  of  the  committee's  assertions,  and  the 
financial  secretary,  Franklin  P.  Eddy,  since  deceased,  was  asked  to 
explain.  That  officer's  defence  is  not  recorded,  but  is  remembered  by 
one  who  was  present  at  that  meeting.  During  the  Hfe  of  the  secretary 
it  was  jokingly  remarked  that  there  was  no  hole  so  small  through  which 
he  could  not  crawl,  and  on  this  occasion  he  stated  in  explanation  of  the 
"  unfortunate  "  occurrence  that  he  had  found  a  number  of  cards  which 
had  been  printed  before  the  label  was  adopted  and,  for  sake  of  economy, 
had  made  use  of  them.  After  hearing  the  secretary's  excuse  the  com- 
mittee withdrew  and  the  regular  order  of  business  was  taken  up. 

It  was  then  voted  that  all  printed  matter  issued  by  the  Union  here- 
after must  bear  the  Union  label,  regardless  of  cost,  and  the  secretary 
was  instructed  to  notify  the  Central  Labor  Union  of  the  action  taken. 

At  the  June  meeting  a  member  stated  that  he  had  heard  that  P.  H. 
Quinn  of  the  K.  of  L.  wanted  to  "  bury  the  hatchet." 

The  "  lockout "  on  the  News  was  also  announced  at  this  meeting. 

At  an  adjourned  meeting  held  next  day,  Monday,  June  26,  it  was 
stated  that  every  man  affected  by  the  action  of  the  manager  of  the 
News  had  reported  for  work  that  morning,  as  usual,  and  that  of  the  25 
men  involved  but  four  had  been  retained ;  that  14  or  15  non-union  men 
were  at  work.  Mr.  Hutton,  the  pressman,  volunteered  to  assist  the 
Union  in  any  manner  the  men  might  suggest.  It  was  "  Voted,  That  it 
is  the  sense  of  this  body  that  the  action  of  the  News  management  is  a 
lockout."  The  meeting  decided  to  ask  that  a  special  meeting  of  the 
Central  Labor  Union  be  called  and  the  matter  placed  before  that  body, 
and  adjournment  was  taken  to  Tuesday,  June  27.  At  Tuesday's  meet- 
ing Mr.  Grieve  reported  that  the  Union  men  who  had  worked  in  the 
News  office  Monday  had  individually  resigned  their  positions.  The 
pressmen  and  stereotypers  had  also  resigned,  and  men  from  the  Eastern 
Electrotyping  Company  were  reported  to  be  assisting  the  News  in  its 
stereotyping  department. 

District  Organizer  Keyes  of  the  I.  T.  U.  was  introduced  and  stated 
that  he  had  an  appointment  with  Mr.  French,  manager  of  the  News,  for 
to-morrow.  He  beheved,  however,  that  Mr.  French  did  not  care  to 
settle  the  matter.  Mr.  Grieve  then  presented  the  following,  which  was 
given  to  Mr.  Keyes  as  a  basis  for  negotiations : 

"Providence,  R.  I.,  June  27,  1893. 
"Mr.  George  French,  Editor-in-Chief  Providence  News: 

"  Dear  Sir — If  you  desire  to  employ  Union  printers  on  the  News  it  is  within  the 
power  of  Providence  Union  to  furnish  you  all  of  the  men  that  were  engaged  upon  the 
paper  last  week,  and  the  men  will  be  notified  at  once  if  you  so  desire.  It  is  inconsistent 
with  the  laws  of  the  Union  for  any  of  them  to  work  under  the  present  foreman. 

"If  the  dull  season  necessitates  saving  in  running  expenses  the  Union  printers  will 
do  all  that  is  consistent,  and  are  willing  to  submit  the  whole  affair  to  arbitration. 

"J.  D.  Hall,  Jr.,  President, 

"  For  Providence  Typographical  Union." 


134  PRINTERS  AND  PRINTING  IN  PROVIDENCE 

At  the  meeting  held  June  28  the  District  Organizer  reported  that 
Mr.  French  had  stated  that  he  had  nothing  to  arbitrate ;  that  Governor 
Brown  had  been  interested  in  the  matter  and  had  interviewed  Mr. 
French  but  had  accomphshed  nothing.  Mr.  Keyes  assured  the  men 
affected  by  the  lockout  that  they  would  receive  strike  benefits.  Presi- 
dent Hall  announced  at  the  November  meeting  that  he  had  received 
assurances  that  the  new  manager,  Mr.  Wardner,  of  the  News  would 
Unionize  the  paper  at  an  early  date.  A  committee  appointed  February 
25,  1894,  to  interview  the  manager  of  the  News  reported  at  the  April 
meeting,  and  the  report  was  accepted  and  the  committee  discharged, 
with  thanks. 

July  30,  1893,  the  Telegram  was  declared  an  open  oflfice.  The 
declaration  was  rescinded  at  the  August  meeting. 

Owing  to  a  depleted  treasury  and  the  doleful  outlook,  Franklin  P. 
Eddy,  the  financial  secretary,  stated  that  he  would  willingly  accept  a 
reduction  of  salary.    It  was  voted  not  to  reduce. 

The  executive  committee  announced  at  the  meeting  held  August 
27,  1893,  that  it  had  suspended  the  action  taken  by  the  Union  at  a  pre- 
vious meeting  declaring  the  Telegram  an  open  office. 

A  committee  was  appointed  to  make  arrangements  for  the  Labor 
Day  parade  with  authority  to  expend  not  over  $15.  Prescott  Post  hall 
was  the  place  where  the  members  were  to  assemble  on  the  morning  of 
that  day,  and  from  there  march  in  a  body  to  the  place  assigned  by  the 
chief  marshal. 

George  E.  Boomer  was  elected  a  visiting  delegate  to  the  convention 
of  the  Massachusetts  State  Tj^pographical  Union,  without  power  to 
bind  Providence  Union  to  any  course  of  action.  Five  dollars  was 
allowed  the  delegate  for  expenses. 

A  committee  appointed  September  24  to  make  arrangements  for 
holding  a  concert  under  Union  auspices  reported  later  that  the  time 
was  inopportune. 

October  29,  $17.10  was  received  from  the  Central  Labor  Union  as 
No.  33's  share  of  Labor  Day  profits. 

A  communication  was  read  requesting  members  to  purchase  only 
from  Union  clerks,  and  $10  was  voted  the  Olneyville  strikers,  regret 
being  expressed  that  the  finances  of  the  Union  did  not  warrant  a  larger 
appropriation. 

John  J.  Nolan  was  appointed  press  representative  for  the  Union  at 
this  meeting. 

The  amount  of  cash  on  hand  November  26,  1893,  was  17  cents, 
and  according  to  the  treasurer's  report  was  divided  as  follows : 

"  (n-tural  fund $0.17  " 


HISTORY    OF  PROVIDENCE  TYPOGRAPHICAL  UNION  135 

As  compared  with  the  December  statement  the  November  rating 
might  be  termed  gilt-edged.  An  examination  of  the  bills  presented  for 
that  month  and  a  peep  into  the  strong  box,  revealed  an  indebtedness  of 
$19.70  in  excess  of  the  available  coin.  No  report  of  the  Union's  finan- 
cial standing  is  given  for  January,  but  the  statement  for  February  25, 
1894,  shows  that  the  Union  had  again  begun  to  accumulate  riches,  the 
treasurer  on  that  date  announcing  a  balance  on  hand  of  six  cents. 
How  the  amount  was  apportioned  is  not  recorded. 

An  effort  to  have  a  committee  appointed  to  draft  a  scale  for 
machine  operators  was  tabled  at  the  January,  1894,  meeting. 

A  communication  from  the  New  England  Typographical  Union 
was  read  at  the  February  meeting.  The  communication  urged  Provi- 
dence Union  to  affihate  with  that  organization,  and  after  laying  on  the 
table  for  one  month,  favorable  action  was  taken. 

The  most  ungallant  action  recorded  in  the  history  of  the  Union 
was  taken  at  the  meeting  held  March  25,  1894.  It  was  brought  to  the 
attention  of  the  Union  on  that  date  that  girls  were  to  be  employed  in  a 
local  printing  office  to  the  exclusion  of  men,  and  it  was  voted  that  the 
President  wait  on  the  proprietors  of  that  office  and  request  that  the 
girls  be  not  allowed  to  go  to  work.  The  President  at  a  later  meeting 
reported  that  he  had  interviewed  one  member  of  the  firm  but  had 
received  no  satisfaction. 

May  29,  1894,  the  special  committee  on  government  ownership  of 
the  telegraph  reported  that  the  Central  Labor  Union  had  endorsed  the 
letter  to  our  senators  and  representatives  urging  them  to  favor  its 
passage. 

A  protest  from  the  manager  of  the  Visitor  was  read  at  this  meet- 
ing, to  the  effect  that  while  he  was  paying  35  cents  per  thousand  other 
weekly  papers  were  paying  but  30  and  33  cents.  That  he  did  not 
object  to  the  payment  of  35  cents,  but  thought  that  others  should  be 
charged  as  much,  and  felt  that  he  should  be  protected  in  the  matter. 
The  secretary  was  instructed  to  assure  Mr.  Walsh  of  the  Union's  appre- 
ciation of  his  attitude ;  also  that  some  other  papers  paid  35  cents,  and 
the  Union  hoped  that  the  friendly  feeling  existing  between  it  and  Mr. 
Walsh  would  be  continued,  to  the  end  that  those  paying  less  might  be 
induced  to  pay  more. 

The  proposed  appointment  of  a  new  city  official  to  be  known  as 
Superintendent  of  Printing  was  discussed  at  this  meeting.  The  Rhode 
Island  Central  Labor  Union  had  already  voted  to  endorse  any  candidate 
No.  33  might  suggest.  It  was  then  voted  that  the  Union  endorse  Mr. 
Grieve  for  the  position  should  the  office  be  created. 


136  PRINTERS  AND  PRINTING  IN  PROVIDENCE 

August  26,  1894,  the  secretary  was  ordered  to  procure  100  badges 
in  old  gold,  to  cost  not  more  than  5c.  each,  for  the  use  of  members 
Labor  Day.    The  limit  was  later  raised  to  8c. 

Two  delegates  were  appointed  to  attend  a  meeting  of  the  Union 
for  Practical  Progress. 

At  the  September  meeting  Rudolph  Modest  addressed  the  Union  in 
relation  to  the  troubles  of  New  York  cigarmakers. 

October  30,  1894,  no  quorum. 

It  was  broached  at  the  November  meeting  "  that  Justice  was  em- 
ploying a  suspended  member  of  this  Union."  Justice  was  advised  to 
comply  with  its  agreement  or  give  up  th£  label.  The  trouble  was 
amicably  adjusted  and  Justice  pursued  the  even  tenor  of  its  way. 

The  year  died  naturally,  the  December  meeting  being  given  up  to 
the  election  of  officers  for  1895. 

March  31,  1895,  Charles  G.  Wilkins,  deputy  organizer  for  the  first 
district,  spoke  of  the  effect  of  typesetting  machines  in  different  parts  of 
New  England.  Mr.  Duggan  of  Worcester  and  Mr.  Moffitt  of  Fall 
River  also  addressed  the  Union. 

Upon  invitation  of  Pawtucket  Union,  No.  212,  it  was  voted  to 
appoint  a  delegation  to  attend  a  mass  meeting  and  parade  of  the  differ- 
ent labor  organizations  of  that  city  to  be  held  April  17,  1895. 

A  communication  from  Philadelphia  Union  asking  for  a  50-cent 
subscription  to  the  Childs'  memorial  was  read  at  the  April  meeting  and 
referred  to  the  executive  committee.  The  assessment  was  levied  at  the 
November  meeting,  1896. 

The  delegates  from  No.  33  to  the  Central  Labor  Union  were  un- 
seated for  non-attendance,  according  to  a  communication  read  at  the 
April  meeting.  The  same  delegates  were  then  re-elected  and  requested 
to  attend  to  their  duty  in  the  future. 

May  26, 1895,  N.  W.  Reese  was  elected  delegate  to  the  convention 
of  the  New  England  Typographical  Union,  which  was  held  that  year  at 
New  Bedford.  , 

Twenty-three  members  were  expelled  at  that  meeting. 

At  the  June  meeting  the  secretary  was  instructed  to  correspond 
with  the  chairman  of  the  Boston  Post  and  the  President  of  Boston 
Union  in  reference  to  a  proposed  banquet  and  ball  game  between  the 
employes  of  the  Post  and  those  of  the  Providence  Telegram.  At  the 
July  meeting  letters  were  read,  in  reply  to  the  secretary's  communica- 
tions, from  John  F.  Duggan  of  Worcester,  Charles  G.  Wilkins  and  John 
Douglas  of  Boston.  The  answers  showed  that  the  game  was  arranged 
with  a  view  to  organizing  the  Telegram  force.  Providence  Union  did 
not  appreciate  the  effort,  however,  and  the  President  and  secretary  were 


HISTORY  OF  PROVIDENCE  TYPOGRAPHICAL  UNION  137 

instructed  to  officially  protest  against  the  game  between  Union  and 
non-union  men. 

A  communication  from  the  Carpenters'  Union  was  read  at  the 
November  meeting,  severely  criticising  Typographical  Union's  member 
of  the  Labor  Day  Committee.  George  B.  Sullivan,  of  Pawtucket  Union, 
who  acted  as  chairman  of  the  Labor  Day  Committee,  was  present  and 
stated  that  the  matter  could  be  of  little  concern  to  any  individual 
Union  represented,  and  advised  that  the  matter  be  dropped.  No  action 
is  recorded  at  this  meeting. 

FrankHn  P.  Eddy  was  unanimously  endorsed  for  the  position  of 
State  Organizer  for  the  New  England  Typographical  Union  at  the 
July  meeting,  and  at  the  same  meeting  Mr.  Eddy  was  formally 
appointed  to  that  office  by  President  Moffitt  of  the  N.  E.  T.  U.,  who 
was  present. 

The  August  meeting  was  not  held  because  of  no  quorum. 

A  committee  on  entertainment  appointed  at  the  September  meet- 
ing was  discharged  at  the  November  meeting,  nothing  having  been 
accomplished  in  the  matter. 

A  letter  from  an  individual  who  had  made  application  for  member- 
ship was  read  at  the  December  meeting.  In  it  the  appHcant  withdrew 
the  application  for  the  reason  that  he  had  secured  a  job  in  an  office 
where  a  card  was  not  necessary,  and  therefore  the  Union  could  be  of  no 
benefit  to  him. 

The  salary  of  the  financial  secretary  was  reduced  from  $100  per 
annum  to  $5  per  month. 

The  matter  relating  to  the  action  of  our  representative  on  the 
Labor  Day  Committee  came  up  again  for  consideration  at  the  January, 
1896,  meeting  on  the  reading  of  communications  from  the  Painters' 
and  Decorators',  the  Carpenters'  and  Joiners'  and  the  Building  Trades' 
Council.  At  this  meeting  a  committee  was  appointed  to  investigate 
the  matter,  and  in  April  the  committee  reported  that  the  action  of  our 
representative  had  caused  great  annoyance  and  delay  in  settling  affairs 
of  Labor  Day.    The  matter  was  then  amicably  adjusted. 

The  recording  secretary  apologized  at  the  March  meeting  for  his 
absence  at  the  February  meeting,  the  minutes  of  which  are  not 
recorded  in  the  books. 

At  the  April  meeting  William  Abell  and  Franklin  P.  Eddy  were 
elected  delgates  to  attend  the  Hartford  convention  of  the  N.  E.  T.  U. 

Five  dollars  was  voted  to  the  committee  having  in  charge  the 
Eugene  V.  Debs  labor  rally  to  be  held  in  Music  Hall,  June  23,  with  the 
proviso  that  no  ads.  were  to  be  placed  in  the  Telegram  or  News. 


138  PRINTERS  AND  PRINTING  IN   PROVIDENCE 

At  the  July  meeting  a  committee  was  appointed  to  procure  a  drag 
for  the  use  of  members  Labor  Day.  Flags,  bunting  and  badges  were 
ordered  purchased. 

A  committee  was  also  appointed  to  prepare  resolutions  for  presen- 
tation to  the  family  of  the  late  Hon.  George  J.  West,  an  ex-member  of 
the  Union,  and  at  the  time  of  his  death  an  honorary  member. 

August  30,  it  was  voted  to  withdraw  from  the  Central  Labor 
Union. 

John  H.  Cook  of  the  Carpenters'  Union,  accompanied  by  John 
McGlucky  of  Homestead,  Pa.,  asked  the  privilege  of  addressing  the 
Union  at  the  August  meeting  and  the  request  was  granted.  Mr. 
McGlucky  gave  a  blood-curdling  account  of  the  great  Homestead  steel 
strike,  displaying  to  the  awe-stricken  members  present  numerous  bullet 
wounds  alleged  to  have  been  received  from  encounters  with  Pinker- 
ton's  sharpshooters.  An  appeal  for  financial  assistance  by  Mr. 
McGlucky  was  deferred  until  the  next  meeting,  and  then  laid  on  the 
table. 

The  President  informed  the  Union  that  he  had  received  a  letter 
from  Organizer  H.  Thomas  Elder,  an  answer  to  which  he  had  returned, 
and  at  a  future  meeting  he  would  divulge  the  contents  of  the  letter 
and  the  answer.    The  secret  evidently  died  with  the  promise. 

A  suspension  of  hostilities  against  the  News  was  voted  at  the 
September  meeting,  and  the  entire  matter  was  taken  from  the  hands 
of  the  executive  committee  and  placed  in  charge  of  the  President  and 
two  members. 

November  18,  1896,  an  assessment  of  50  cents  per  member  was 
levied,  the  same  to  be  forwarded  to  the  trustees  of  the  Childs-Drexel 
fund. 

At  the  December  meeting  a  communication  from  Woonsocket 
Union  was  read,  asking  the  support  of  Providence  Union  in  advancing 
the  candidacy  of  Leroy  B.  Pease  for  the  position  of  Public  Printer  under 
the  McKinley  administration,  and  a  committee  was  appointed  for  that 
purpose.  Correspondence  from  senators  and  representatives  was  read 
at  the  January  (1897)  meeting,  assuring  hearty  support.  The  commit- 
tee reported  that  the  Central  Labor  Union  had  endorsed  the  petition, 
and  that  Boston  Union  had  been  visited  and  that  Union  had  reconsid- 
ered previous  action  and  had  endorsed  Mr.  Pease.  The  committee  was 
discharged  in  April,  1897,  and  while  it  was  unable  to  report  that  it 
had  been  successful,  the  committee  was  thanked  by  the  Union  for  its 
strenuous  efforts. 

December  27,  1896,  amended  rules  and  regulations  governing  the 
use  of  the  label  were  proposed  and  adopted.    The  amendments  were 


HISTORY   OF  PROVIDENCE  TYPOGRAPHICAL  UNION  139 

introduced  with  a  view  to  enhance  the  value  of  the  label  and  to  pre- 
vent abuse  of  the  privilege  of  its  use. 

That  the  Childs-Drexel  assessment  might  be  considered  in  the  light 
of  a  Christmas  gift,  it  was  voted  to  draw  on  the  treasury  for  an  amount 
based  on  the  number  of  members  then  in  good  standing. 

A  committee  was  appointed  at  the  February  (1897)  meeting  to 
inquire  into  the  reorganization  of  the  Central  Labor  Union,  and  report 
at  the  next  meeting.  Upon  a  favorable  report  it  was  voted  to  re-affili- 
ate at  the  March  meeting. 

March  28  it  was  announced  that  the  I.  T.  U.  per  capita  tax  had 
been  increased  5c.  per  month,  but  it  was  deemed  advisable  to  make  no 
increase  in  local  dues  until  the  amount  then  being  paid  proved  inade- 
quate to  meet  expenses. 

The  secretary  was  instructed,  April  25, 1897,  to  notify  sister  Unions 
that  antagonism  toward  the  News  on  the  part  of  Typographical  Union 
had  been  withdrawn  and  the  trouble  satisfactorily  adjusted. 

Two  delegates,  Messrs.  Eddy  and  Roxburgh,  were  elected  at  the 
April  meeting  to  attend  the  convention  of  the  N.  E.  T.  U.  at  Salem. 
Fifteen  dollars  each  was  voted  the  delegates.  May  30,  it  was  voted 
that  the  delegates  endeavor  to  have  the  convention  meet  in  Providence, 
June,  1898,  and  at  the  June,  1897,  meeting  a  committee  on  ways  and 
means  was  appointed  to  prepare  for  the  convention's  reception  one  year 
hence,  the  Union's  delegates  to  Salem  having  reported  that  they  were 
successful  in  securing  for  Providence  the  1898  meeting. 

Delegates  to  the  Labor  Day  Committee  were  appointed  at  the  May 
meeting,  and  June  27,  1897,  it  was  voted  to  apply  to  the  Central  Labor 
Union  for  No.  33's  share  of  last  Labor  Day's  profits. 

The  formation  of  a  chapel  in  the  News  office  was  announced 
July  25. 

The  condition  of  the  Union's  banner  was  the  subject  of  a  discussion 
at  the  August  meeting.  Mr.  Eddy  remarked  that  "  Providence  Union 
should  be  proud  of  the  distinction  of  being  the  oldest  trade  Union  in  the 
city,  but  of  having  the  oldest  banner— Never !  "  Mr.  Shaw  volunteered 
to  poHsh  up  the  brass  work  on  the  pole,  and  Mr.  Roxburgh  promised 
string  to  tie  up  the  loose  pieces. 

At  the  October  meeting  application  was  made  for  the  label  by  the 
proprietor  of  an  Italian  newspaper. 

November  29,  1897,  the  salary  of  the  financial  secretary  was 
increased  to  $75. 

The  reorganization  of  the  Central  Labor  Union  under  the  name  of 
the  "  Rhode  Island  Central  Trades  and  Labor  Union  "  was  announced 
at  the  January,  1898,  meeting. 


140  PRINTERS  AND  PRINTING  IN  PROVIDENCE 

A  committee  was  appointed  at  this  meeting  to  formulate  a  scale 
of  prices  for  offices  using  typesetting  machines,  but  was  at  a  later 
meeting  discharged. 

Committee  on  ways  and  means  for  the  reception  of  the  N.  E.  T.  U. 
reported  progress  at  the  February  meeting,  and  sub-committees  were 
appointed  on  hotel,  hall,  badges,  banquet,  etc.  At  the  May  meeting 
the  sub-committee  on  hall  reported  that  St.  George  Lodge,  K.  of  P., 
would,  on  the  night  of  the  banquet,  rehnquish  its  hall  to  the  printers 
and  that  organization  was  thanked  for  the  courtesy. 

William  Palmer  and  Charles  S.  Shaw  were  elected  at  the  April 
meeting  to  represent  Providence  at  the  convention. 

President  John  McMorrow  of  the  Brewers'  Union  was  introduced 
at  the  May  meeting  and  appealed  to  the  Union  to  place  before  the  N. 
E.  T.  U.  the  necessity  of  printers  assisting  the  Brewers'  Union  in  their 
fight  to  unionize  the  breweries  of  this  city. 

The  comphmentary  banquet  ticket  problem  was  settled  by  a  vote 
authorizing  the  President  to  use  his  discretion  in  the  matter. 

The  convention  of  the  New  England  Typographical  Union  was 
held  in  Journal  hall,  June  14-15.  Twenty-nine  delegates,  representing 
14  Unions,  attended  the  convention.  The  delegates  were  tendered  a 
banquet  and  entertainment  on  the  evening  of  June  15,  at  which  the 
following  programme  was  successfully  carried  out:  Welcome,  Presi- 
dent WilHam  J.  Meegan;  toastmaster,  A.  E.  Morrill;  remarks.  Gov. 
Ehsha  Dyer;  "N.  E.  T.  U.  and  Alhed  Trades,"  John  Moflitt;  song, 
selected,  Daniel  Knoepfel ;  "  The  Power  of  the  Press,"  Robert  Grieve ; 
remarks,  Joseph  D.  Hall,  Jr. ;  piano  solo,  "  The  Witches'  Flight,"  Miss 
Clara  E.  Burtwell;  "The  Nine-Hour  Question,"  James  J.  Nolan; 
"  Industrial  Development,"  Hon.  Henry  E.  Tiepke ;  song,  selected,  H. 
CorneHus  Barnes ;  "  Employer  and  Employe,"  Col.  L.  B.  Pease ;  "  The 
Union  Label,"  Thomas  M.  Nolan;  piano  solo.  Miss  A.  Bernice  Abell; 
"  Municipal  Ownership,"  Silas  Gamble ;  reading,  Charles  S.  Shaw ; 
"  Our  Lady  Guests,"  Charles  E.  Smith ;  "  Auld  Lang  Syne."  Commit- 
tee in  charge,  Frankhn  P.  Eddy,  E.  Leshe  Pike,  George  B.  Sullivan, 
WilHam  Abell,  William  Palmer,  Charles  S.  Shaw,  Richard  W.  Roxburgh. 

William  Abell  was  elected  delegate  to  the  International  Convention 
at  the  election  held  the  last  Wednesday  in  July,  and  at  the  August 
meeting  the  delegate  gave  a  glowing  account  of  the  doings  of  that 
body  and  intimated  that  there  was  $2,500  somewhere  that  this  Union 
could  have  by  applying  to  somebody.  The  president,  financial  secretary 
and  recording  secretary  were  elected  a  committee  to  immediately  annex 
the  $2,500,  but  a  diUgent  search  failed  to  reveal  the  whereabouts  of  the 
princely  treasure.  The  convention  was  held  at  Syracuse,  and  the 
mazuma  may  have  been  salted. 


HISTORY  OF  PROVIDENCE  TYPOGRAPHICAL  UNION  141 

There  was  no  quorum  present  at  the  July  meeting,  owing,  as  the 
minutes  state,  to  the  inclemency  of  the  weather. 

Sunday,  August  28,  the  financial  secretary  was  "  instructed  to  pro- 
cure at  least  25  badges  for  Labor  Day,  which,  in  addition  to  those  in  his 
possession,  is  expected  to  be  sufficient." 

At  the  September  meeting  a  committee  was  appointed  to  draw  up 
a  circular  protesting  against  the  methods  of  the  N.  E.  T.  U. 

October  30,  1898,  an  invitation  to  attend  Pawtucket  Cigarmakers' 
fair  was  accepted,  and  complimentary  tickets  to  the  Journeymen 
Bakers'  Union  masquerade  ball  were  received. 

The  meeting  of  November  27,  1898,  was  called  to  order  by  the 
recording  secretary  and,  owing  to  the  absence  of  a  quorum,  immediately 
adjourned.  The  secretary  makes  a  note  that  "  This  was  the  day  of  the 
big  snowstorm." 

Because  of  lack  of  a  quorum  the  December  meeting  was  adjourned. 

There  was  a  very  sHm  attendance  at  the  January,  1899,  meeting. 
Because  no  business  had  been  transacted  since  the  October  meeting, 
a  great  deal  of  routine  matter  had  accumulated.  This  fact,  and  the 
I.  T.  U.  law,  which  required  subordinate  Unions  to  meet  at  least  once 
in  three  months,  seemed  a  sufficient  reason  for  the  President  to  ignore 
a  point  of  order  that  there  was  no  quorum  present.  Appeal  was  taken, 
but  the  attitude  of  the  President  was  sustained. 

A  committee  appointed  at  this  meeting  to  prepare  a  scale  of  prices 
for  hand,  machine  and  job  composition  was,  at  a  later  meeting,  dis- 
charged for  non-performance  of  duty. 

March  26,  1899,  a  ballot  taken  on  a  proposition  to  levy  an  assess- 
ment of  five  cents  per  week  for  a  period  of  twelve  weeks,  resulted  33 
for,  12  against.  The  financial  secretary  was  given  discretionary  power 
as  to  the  method  of  collecting  the  assessment  at  the  April  meeting. 

A  committee  of  one  was  appointed  at  the  April  meeting  to  inter- 
view all  printers  in  the  city  who  were  not  members  of  the  Union  and 
ascertain  their  reasons  for  not  joining.  The  recording  secretary  was  to 
keep  a  record  of  such  reasons  on  file.  At  this  meeting  the  Union  voted 
to  withdraw  from  the  New  England  Typographical  Union. 

It  was  voted  also  to  elect  a  delegate  to  the  I.  T.  U.  convention  at 
Detroit ;  and  after  the  names  of  three  candidates  had  been  placed  in 
nomination,  it  was  voted  that  any  member,  so  desiring,  could  become  a 
candidate  by  filing  his  candidacy  with  the  financial  secretary.  The 
election  was  held  in  the  ante-room  of  Journal  hall  and  Rudolph 
DeLeeuw  was  chosen  to  represent  Providence  Union.  Mr.  DeLeeuw 
desired  instruction  as  to  his  vote  upon  certain  matters  to  come  before 
the  convention,  but  the  Union  expressed  confidence  in  its  delegate's 
good  judgment  on  all  matters. 


142  PRINTERS  AND  PRINTING  IN  PROVIDENCE 

The  report  of  the  Central  Labor  Union  delegates  at  the  meeting 
held  July  30,  1899,  showed  that  the  action  of  the  I.  T.  U.  in  assuming 
control  of  linotype  machinists  was  condemned  by  that  body. 

It  was  reported  at  the  August  meeting  that  No.  33  had  been  given 
the  right  of  line  in  the  Labor  Day  parade. 

September  24,  1899,  a  communication  from  L  T.  U.  headquarters, 
asking  that  financial  support  be  given  for  the  contest  with  the  New 
York  Sun,  was  received,  and  a  committee,  one  member  from  each  office, 
was  appointed  to  solicit  subscriptions. 

A  special  meeting  was  held  October  1,  to  consider  ways  and  means 
for  unionizing  the  Telegram.  Organizer  McMahon  gave  an  account  of 
his  work  up  to  that  time,  and  Herbert  W.  Cooke  of  Boston  made  a 
vigorous  appeal  for  united  action.  The  executive  committee  was  in- 
structed to  act  in  conjunction  with  the  organizer  in  the  matter. 

October  29, 1899,  Messrs.  Raphael  and  Strauss,  two  members  of  the 
National  Cigarmakers'  Union,  addressed  the  meeting  in  relation  to  cer- 
tain brands  of  non-union  cigars.  A  committee  of  three  was  appointed 
to  attend  a  conference  to  be  held  in  the  interest  of  the  cigarmakers. 

Delegates  to  the  Central  Labor  Union  reported  that  a  mass  meet- 
ing, preceded  by  a  parade,  would  be  held  under  the  auspices  of  that 
body  on  November  16.  A  committee  was  appointed  to  assist  in  making 
the  affair  a  success. 

At  a  special  meeting,  held  November  18,  the  secretary  was  in- 
structed to  communicate  with  New  Haven  Union  and  demand  an  ex- 
planation of  its  action  in  refusing  to  accept  a  travelling  card  issued 
by  Providence  Union. 

The  executive  committee  was  authorized  to  receive  Samuel  B. 
Donnelly,  President  of  the  L  T.  U.,  who  was  expected  to  visit  Provi- 
dence. 

November  26, 1899,  John  Mee  addressed  the  Union  in  behalf  of  the 
Waiters'  Alliance. 

The  label  committee  reported  that  it  had  granted  probationary  use 
of  the  label  to  the  Journal  of  Commerce.  The  President  then  stated 
that  the  foreman  or  superintendent  of  that  company  had  withdrawn 
permission  to  the  Union  to  do  missionary  work  in  that  office. 

A  committee  of  two  was  appointed  to  attend  a  meeting  of  the 
Textile  Workers.  The  Union  voted  to  reaffiliate  with  the  New  Eng- 
land Typographical  Union. 

December  31,  1899,  the  Label  League  delegates  reported  that  the 
league  was  working  for  the  passage  of  a  bill  through  the  State  legisla- 
ture in  the  interest  of  labels,  trademarks,  etc.  February  25,  1900,  it 
was  stated  that  the  Label  League  had  dissolved.  At  the  May  meeting 
the  passage  of  the  label  law  was  announced. 


HISTORY   OF  PROVIDENCE  TYPOGRAPHICAL  UNION  143 

At  the  December  meeting  it  was  "  Voted  that  all  pressmen  belong- 
ing to  this  Union  be  given  a  withdrawal  card  and  instructed  to  affiliate 
with  the  Pressmen's  Union."  A  committee  was  then  appointed  to 
confer  with  the  pressmen,  stereotypers  and  others  for  the  purpose  of 
organizing  an  AUied  Printing  Trades'  Council. 

January  28,  1900,  Mr.  McDermott,  a  representative  of  the  SociaHst 
Labor  party,  addressed  the  Union  upon  the  subject :  "  Socialism  vs. 
Trades  Unions."  At  the  conclusion  of  the  address  several  members  of 
the  Union  spoke  in  refutation  of  the  ideas  advanced  by  that  gentleman. 
A  vote  of  thanks,  however,  was  extended  to  Mr.  McDermott. 

It  was  voted  that  hereafter  meetings  of  the  Union  be  held  in  the 
hall  known  as  the  Labor  Temple. 

A  committee  was  appointed  at  the  January  meeting  to  make 
arrangements  for  a  ball ;  and  on  Monday,  February  26,  1900,  Winslow 
Hall  was  comfortably  filled  with  devotees  of  Terpsichore,  who  thor- 
oughly enjoyed  the  exercises.  Included  in  the  committee  were:  Bed- 
ford Codrington,  chairman;  Austin  E.  Malone,  Frederick  J.  Tully, 
Brandon  Shaw  and  Thomas  Graham.  Mr.  Malone  acted  as  floor  direc- 
tor, and  Mr.  Tully  as  assistant  floor  director.  William  Donovan,  George 
B.  SulHvan,  Franklin  P.  Eddy,  WilHam  Palmer  and  James  H.  Russell 
served  as  a  reception  committee.  The  affair  was  reported  at  the  March 
meeting  as  a  social  and  financial  success,  about  $40  being  added  to  the 
Union's  bank  account.  The  committee  was  discharged  with  thanks, 
and  the  boys  assisting  Mr.  Russell  in  the  coat  room  were  voted  $1  each. 

At  the  February  meeting  Mr.  Raphael  addressed  the  Union  on 
grievances  of  the  cigarmakers,  and  the  moral  support  of  Providence 
Union  was  unanimously  extended. 

Delegates  to  the  Central  Labor  Union  reported  at  the  March  meet- 
ing that  a  mass  meeting  would  be  held  in  Music  Hall  on  Friday,  March 
30,  and  that  the  meeting  would  be  preceded  by  a  parade.  A  committee 
was  appointed  to  assure  proper  representation  in  the  proposed  parade, 
and,  if  possible,  to  secure  Mr.  Cooke  of  Boston  to  speak  at  the  mass 
meeting. 

The  delegates  reported  also  that  a  committee  from  the  C.  L.  U., 
awaiting  in  the  ante-room,  desired  admission  to  present  charges  against 
one  of  our  members.  The  committee  was  admitted;  and  upon  their 
retirement,  it  was  voted  that  the  charges  be  considered  cognizable  by 
the  Union,  and  a  trial  committee  was  appointed  to  hear  the  evidence. 
At  the  March  meeting  this  committee,  in  its  report  to  the  Union,  exon- 
erated Bedford  Codrington,  the  accused. 

It  was  voted  that  the  secretary  call  the  attention  of  the  chairmen 
of  all  poHtical  parties  to  the  Union  label,  and  urge  their  endorsement 
of  that  emblem  by  its  use  on  printed  matter. 


144  PRINTERS  AND  PRINTING  IN  PROVIDENCE 

The  financial  secretary  was  instructed  to  subscribe  for  five  copies 
of  the  Typographical  Journal,  to  be  distributed  at  his  discretion.  (At 
this  time  the  I.  T.  U.  had  not  provided  for  the  Journal's  distribution  to 
all  members,  its  circulation  depending  upon  local  Union  or  individual 
subscription.) 

Mr.  Raphael  of  the  Cigarmakers  again  addressed  the  Union  at  the 
March  meeting. 

Messrs.  Cook  and  Barrett  from  the  Central  Labor  Union  addressed 
the  members  at  the  April  meeting,  urging  the  endorsement  of  a  propo- 
sition of  the  C.  L.  U.  to  employ  a  business  agent.  It  was  voted  to  con- 
tribute our  proportionate  share  of  the  expense  such  an  undertaking 
would  incur. 

At  the  same  meeting  a  scale  of  prices,  submitted  by  a  committee 
previously  appointed,  was  adopted  by  sections.  The  same  was  adopted 
as  a  whole  at  the  July  meeting. 

This  scale  called  for  $14  per  week  and  a  9-hour  day  in  book  and 
job  offices,  and  40  cents  per  hour  for  hand  composition  on  newspapers. 
For  machine  composition,  it  demanded  $24  and  $20  per  week  for  morn- 
ing and  evening  newspapers,  respectively,  and  specified  that  45  hours 
should  constitute  a  week's  work.  Piece  work  on  machines  was  to  be 
13  and  11  cents — morning  and  evening. 

Candidates  were  nominated  for  one  delegate  each  to  the  Interna- 
tional and  New  England  Typographical  conventions.  At  the  May 
meeting  it  was  announced  that  Austin  E,  Malone  was  duly  elected 
delegate  to  the  International  convention,  and  Hugh  F.  Carroll  to  the 
New  England  convention. 

Ten  tickets  to  the  Printing  Exposition,  under  the  auspices  of  "  Big 
Six,"  New  York,  were  ordered  paid  for  by  the  financial  secretary. 

Two  special  committees  were  appointed  at  the  May  meeting  to 
endeavor  to  have  the  label  appear  on  City  and  State  printing. 

A  communication  from  Painters'  and  Decorators'  Union  was  read 
at  the  June  meeting,  thanking  Providence  Union  for  financial  assist- 
ance. 

Arrangements  were  completed  at  the  August  meeting  for  the 
Labor  Day  parade.  John  P.  Dorl  was  elected  marshal,  and  it  was  voted 
that  he  devote  one  day  to  canvass  the  membership  to  the  end  that  a 
creditable  showing  would  be  made.  It  was  also  voted  that  "  Johnny  " 
McGuire,  apprentice  on  the  News,  be  engaged  to  carry  the  banner,  and 
that  $1  be  the  compensation  therefor. 

Ten  dollars  was  appropriated  to  assist  Galveston  Union  at  the 
Sep'tember  meeting. 


HISTORY    OF  PROVIDENCE  TYPOGRAPHICAL  UNION  145 

It  was  voted  that  the  President  appoint  a  committee  of  30  for  the 
purpose  of  handling  the  reorganization  of  the  Telegram,  the  names  of 
said  committee  to  be  made  known  at  an  adjourned  meeting  to  be  held 
October  8,  at  8  P.  M.  In  the  meantime  the  executive  committee  was 
instructed  to  obtain  the  affidavit  of  a  Union  man  who  had  been  dis- 
charged from  the  Telegram  solely  because  he  was  a  Union  man. 

At  the  adjourned  meeting  the  President  announced  the  names  of 
those  comprising  the  committee,  and  methods  of  procedure  were  dis- 
cussed. 

'  A  committee  was  then  appointed  to  confer  with  the  master  printers 
in  relation  to  the  scale  adopted  at  the  July  meeting,  and  it  was  voted 
that  the  same  become  operative  January  1,  1901. 

According  to  the  minutes  of  the  October  meeting  the  committee  of 
30  on  the  Telegram  reorganization  "reported  briefly" ;  and  Mr.  Brown, 
for  the  committee  on  conference  with  the  master  printers,  "  reported 
steps  taken  by  that  committee."  Both  reports  were  received  as  reports 
of  progress. 

"  Typothetae  "  was  substituted  for  "  master  printers  "  in  recording 
the  report  of  the  "  Committee  on  Conference  "  at  the  November  meet- 
ing, and  the  report  again  accepted  as  one  of  progress.  It  was  provided 
that,  if  necessary,  a  special  meeting  might  be  called. 

At  the  special  meeting  held  October  8,  it  was  voted  that  the  dele- 
gates to  the  Central  Labor  Union  confer  with  the  delegates  to  that 
body  from  the  Pressmen's  Union,  to  the  end  that  a  resolution  be  pre- 
sented to  the  City  Council  urging  that  the  label  appear  on  all  city 
printing.  "  That  the  delegates  act  before  the  coming  election  "  was 
attached  as  an  amendment.  A  bill  of  $4,  contracted  by  the  latter  com- 
mittee, was  ordered  paid— one-half  of  said  bill  to  be  charged  to  the 
Pressmen's  Union. 

At  a  regular  meeting  held  October  28,  1900,  a  member  inquired  as 
to  the  propriety  of  his  writing  fraternal  order  notes  for  the  Telegram. 
The  idea  was  expressed  that  such  action  by  a  member  was  ethically 
improper,  and  he  was  advised  to  discontinue  his  writings  and  use 
his  influence  among  lodge  members  to  refrain  from  patronizing  the 
Telegram. 

A  committee  was  appointed  to  wait  on  the  women  employed  in  a 
certain  office  and  endeavor  to  have  them  join  the  Union. 

Copies  of  the  Report  of  the  Commissioner  of  Industrial  Statistics 
were  distributed  to  those  present. 

At  the  December  meeting  it  was  "Moved  that  all  members  em- 
ployed in  printing  offices  which  shall  refuse  to  pay  the  scale  decline  to 
go  to  work  on  January  1,  1901."    The  matter,  after  discussion,  was 


146  PRINTERS  AND  PRINTING  IN  PROVIDENCE 

laid  over  for  action  to  an  adjourned  meeting  to  ])e  held  the  following 
evening  at  8  o'clock.  A  committee,  one  man  from  each  office,  was 
selected  to  request  the  payment  of  the  scale  by  the  office  in  which  each 
was  employed,  and  to  report  at  the  adjourned  meeting. 

At  the  adjourned  meeting,  every  one  of  the  committee  reported 
an  adverse  reply  to  his  request.  President  Donovan  and  Organizer 
McMahon  then  gave  an  account  of  their  reception  by  the  different  pro- 
prietors— not  at  all  encouraging.  A  telegram  from  President  Lynch  of 
the  I.  T.  U.  was  read,  notifying  the  Union  that  a  strike  could  not  be 
endorsed  unless  all  regulations  governing  same  were  complied  with. 
After  considerable  discussion,  a  committee  of  three  was  appointed  to 
confer  with  the  Pressmen's  Union  (then  in  session  in  the  same  building) 
and  to  report  result. 

The  committee,  upon  its  return,  reported  that  the  Pressmen's 
Union  had  voted  to  await  a  final  answer  from  headquarters  before 
taking  aggressive  action.  A  recess  was  voted  and  the  Pressmen  were 
invited  to  discuss  the  situation.  The  invitation  was  accepted  by  the 
Pressmen.  After  all  who  so  desired  had  expressed  their  opinions  on 
the  subject,  the  Pressmen  withdrew  and  the  Union  resumed  business. 

It  was  then  unanimously  voted  to  strike  two  of  the  largest  offices 
on  Tuesday,  January  1,  1901.  The  strike  lasted  two  days,  and  resulted 
in  a  victory  for  the  Union. 

A  special  meeting  was  called  Friday,  January  25,  1901,  at  the 
request  of  President  Lynch  of  the  L  T.  U.,  who,  however,  was  unable 
to  be  present,  for  the  purpose  of  taking  action  on  an  agreement  between 
the  Providence  Telegram  PubHshing  Company  and  the  International 
Typographical  Union.  After  a  reading  of  the  agreement,  the  instru- 
ment was  ratified  by  the  Union,  and  thus  ended  an  unpleasantness 
which  had  existed  for  almost  twelve  years  between  the  Union  and  the 
Telegram  management. 

At  the  regular  meeting,  Sunday,  January  27,  the  "committee  of 
30"  was  discharged,  the  object  for  which  it  had  been  appointed  having 
been  accomplished. 

The  committee  was  composed  of  the  following  members : 

BowKN,  Thomas,  Horton,  J.  J.,  O'Connor,  Daniel, 

BuRRKTT,  H.  N.,  Hoffman,  Max,  Ogden,  C.  S., 

Barnes,  H.  C,  Irons,  Ernest,  Russell,  J.  H., 

Carter,  D.  E.,  Keenan,  John  P.,  Reeney,  Frank, 

Choquet,  a.  H.,  Lewis,  William,  Rees,  N.  W., 

Clowes,  Robert  J.,  Lyons,  James,  Shaw,  W.  S., 

Dorl,  John  P.,  Malone,  A.  E.,  Shannon,  J.  A., 

Dolan,  H.  F.,  Mahoney,  F.  J.,  Smith,  Fred, 

DeFini,  Vincent,  Meegan,  W.  J.,  Tully,  F.  J., 

Donahue,  J.  H.,  Madden,  F.  C,  Williams,  D.  E. 


HISTORY  OF  PROVIDENCE  TYPOGRAPHICAL  UNION  147 


The  Union  voted  to  indorse  the  proposed  agreement  between  the 
American  Newspaper  Publishers'  Association  and  the  International 
Typographical  Union. 

The  election  of  officers,  postponed  from  the  December  meeting, 
was  taken  up  at  this  meeting.  A  committee  was  appointed  to  appear 
before  the  City  Council  Printing  Committee  in  relation  to  awarding  the 
contract  for  city  printing. 

February  24,  1901,  it  was  voted  to  hold  a  "smoker"  in  Labor 
Temple  hall  some  time  during  the  month  of  March.  The  committee 
having  the  affair  in  hand  provided  a  lengthy  miscellaneous  programme 
which  was  greatly  enjoyed  by  all  who  attended.  George  B.  Sullivan 
acted  as  chairman  of  the  exercises.  Mayor  Fitzgerald  of  Pawtucket 
made  an  address,  and  letters  of  regret  were  read  from  Mayor  Granger 
of  Providence,  who  was  ill,  and  Frank  E.  Fitzsimmons  of  Lincoln,  who 
had  to  attend  an  important  meeting  of  the  school  committee.  Edward 
Leslie  Pike  recited  "  Barbara  Frietchie,"  with  star-spangled  accessories. 
Am.ong  others  taking  part  in  the  exercises  were  Brandon  Shaw, 
who  sang,  and  ex-President  Martin,  who  made  a  short  address. 
While  the  "  smoker  "  was  in  session  a  ballot,  taken  on  the  ratification 
of  the  agreement  between  the  American  Newspaper  Publishers'  Asso- 
ciation and  the  International  Typographical  Union,  resulted  in  a  unani- 
mous vote.  Tuesday  evening,  March  19,  1901,  was  the  date  upon 
which  the  exercises  were  held,  and"  the  committee  in  charge  comprised 
Messrs.  SulHvan,  Russell,  Eddy,  Gattrell  and  Evans.  March  31,  1901, 
Mr.  Sullivan,  for  the  committee,  reported  a  very  successful  affair— at 
an  expense  of  about  $44. 

The  financial  secretary  was  instructed  at  the  February  meeting  to 
subscribe  for  one  copy  of  the  Typographical  Journal  to  be  sent  to  the 
Providence  Public  Library.  At  the  meeting  following,  a  letter  from 
Librarian  Foster  was  read,  thanking  the  Union  for  its  thoughtful 
action. 

William  A.  Newell  was  granted  an  honorable  withdrawal  card. 

A  committee  was  appointed  at  the  March  meeting  to  draft  resolu- 
tions upon  the  death  of  Franklin  P.  Eddy.  The  death  of  no  member 
since  the  time  of  reorganization  had  been  more  keenly  felt  than  that  of 
Brother  Eddy.  Notwithstanding  his  frail  physique  he  had  devoted  to 
Union  matters  the  energy  of  a  giant  and,  outside  of  the  Typographical 
Union,  in  the  local  labor  world,  he  had  wielded  a  powerful  influence 
which,  in  turn,  had  accrued  to  the  benefit  of  No.  33. 

At  the  April  meeting  it  was  decided  to  send  no  delegate  to  the 
I.  T.  U.  convention,  but  it  was  deemed  advisable  to  send  one  to  the 


148  PRINTERS  AND  PRINTING  IN  PROVIDENCE 

Lowell  convention  of  the  New  England  Typographical  Union,  and  Eh 
Alford  was  elected.  Twenty  dollars  was  allowed  the  delegate  for 
expenses. 

The  Central  Labor  Union  delegates,  at  the  May  meeting,  announced 
the  formation  of  a  Retail  Clerks'  Union,  and  urged  members  to  patron- 
ize Union  clerks  exclusively  when  making  purchases. 

A  committee  from  the  Barbers'  Union  was  given  the  privilege  of 
the  floor  at  the  June  meeting,  and  it  requested  that  members  patronize 
only  Union  barber  shops.  Cards  bearing  the  Typographical  label  were 
distributed  on  which  was  printed  a  Hst  of  the  Union  barber  shops. 

Five  dollars  was  appropriated  for  the  benefit  of  black-listed  railroad 
employes. 

At  the  July  meeting,  at  the  suggestion  of  President  Lynch,  a  com- 
mittee was  appointed  for  the  purpose  of  label  propaganda. 

It  was  voted  at  the  August  meeting  that  the  Union  should  parade 
Labor  Day.  Eli  Alford  was  chosen  marshal  for  the  occasion,  and  Carl 
Robb  was  elected  unanimously  to  carry  the  banner.  George  B.  SulHvan 
was  authorized  to  invite  Pawtucket  Union  to  parade  with  No.  33,  and 
the  financial  secretary  was  instructed  to  procure  badges. 

The  financial  secretary's  salary  was  increased  from  $75  to  $120  per 
annum. 

Ten  dollars  was  donated  to  the  Steel  Workers  to  be  used  in  their 
battle  with  the  trust. 

A  committee  vested  with  discretionary  powers  to  arrange  for  a 
ball,  reported  at  the  November  meeting  that  its  mission  had  been 
accomphshed,  and  while  the  affair  had  been  a  huge  success  socially,  yet 
financially  it  had  not  reached  the  committee's  expectations.  Only  $5.05 
was  realized  on  the  venture. 

The  ball  was  held  October  29,  1901,  in  Labor  Temple  hall,  and 
music  was  furnished  by  Fay's  Belmont  Orchestra.  The  committee 
comprised  J.  H.  Graham,  Daniel  O'Connor,  William  Abell,  F.  J.  Mahoney, 
Carl  Robb  and  Charles  J.  Rothemich.  The  floor  director  was  C.  J. 
Rothemich,  F.  J.  Mahoney  acting  as  assistant.  The  aids  were  Daniel 
O'Connor,  WilHam  H.  Jillson,  Thomas  Bowen,  N.  A.  McPherson,  James 
Cox  and  Daniel  E.  Mooney.  Messrs.  Donovan,  Palmer,  Abell  and  Russell 
served  as  a  reception  committee. 

A  communication  from  the  Barbers'  Union,  stating  that  it  had 
voted  to  have  all  its  printing  bear  the  Union  label,  was  read  at  the 
September  meeting. 

Delegates  to  the  Central  Labor  Union  were  instructed  to  call  the 
attention  of  that  body  to  the  discourteous  treatment  accorded  a  com- 


HISTORY  OF  PROVIDENCE  TYPOGRAPHICAL  UNION  149 

munication  from  this  Union,  requesting  C.  L.  U.  officers  to  patronize 
Union  printing  offices. 

Mr.  Robb  asked  that  the  secretary  write  a  letter  to  the  German 
Brewers'  Union,  thanking  its  members  for  their  efforts  to  unionize 
Anzieger.    It  was  so  voted. 

At  the  October  meeting  a  torchhght  parade,  to  be  followed  by  a 
mass  meeting  in  Infantry  Hall,  was  announced  for  November  22,  by 
the  delegates  to  the  Central  Labor  Union,  and  a  committee  was 
appointed  to  carry  out  the  suggestions  contained  in  a  circular  in  rela- 
tion to  the  same  matter. 

October  27,  1901,  resolutions  expressing  sympathy  and  offering 
financial  assistance  to  New  York  Union  in  its  fight  with  the  Sun,  were 
adopted. 

Delegates  to  the  Central  Labor  Union  reported  that  after  many 
attempts  they  had  secured  the  adoption  of  a  resolution  calling  for  the 
use  of  the  Union  label  on  all  printed  matter  ordered  by  that  body. 

A  motion  to  endorse  the  candidacy  of  Lucius  F.  C.  Garvin  for 
Governor  was  ruled  out  of  order  by  President  Donovan,  for  the  reason 
that  it  introduced  partisan  poHtics  into  the  Union.  On  an  appeal  from 
the  decision  of  the  chair,  democracy  triumphed,  the  decision  was  over- 
ruled and  the  motion  passed. 

November  24,  1901,  $5  was  voted  to  the  AUied  Printing  Trades' 
Council  to  help  defray  the  cost  of  a  "  sangerfest." 

Attention  was  called  to  the  expiration  of  the  Chinese  Exclusion 
Act,  generally  known  as  the  "  Geary  Law,"  and  appropriate  resolutions 
were  passed,  advocating  the  immediate  re-enactment  of  a  similar  law. 

A  vote  of  thanks  was  extended  to  the  Barbers'  Union,  Electrical 
Workers'  Union  and  Central  Labor  Union  for  the  interest  manifested 
by  those  bodies  in  the  Union  label. 

Sunday,  December  29,  $15  was  voted  to  the  International  Brother- 
hood of  Blacksmiths  for  use  in  San  Francisco,  where  a  vigorous  fight 
for  eight  hours  was  being  waged. 

At  the  meeting  held  January  26,  1902,  the  Allied  Printing  Trades' 
Council  delegates  reported  that  they  had  had  an  interview  with  the 
City  Council  committee  on  printing,  and  expressed  the  behef  that  they 
had  made  an  impression  on  that  august  body. 

A  communication  from  a  member  who  desired  to  have  his  name 
"  crossed  off  the  Hst "  was  laid  on  the  table.  For  negligence  of  duty 
on  the  part  of  the  inquiry  committee  for  the  past  year,  a  vote  of  cen- 
sure was  passed  as  an  amendment  to  a  motion  that  the  members  be 
fined.  The  retiring  President,  Mr.  Donovan,  was  thanked  for  faithful 
and  efficient  services. 


150  PRINTERS  AND  PRINTING  IN  PROVIDENCE 

February  23,  the  organization  of  the  Bartenders'  Union  was  an- 
nounced by  the  Central  Labor  Union  delegates,  and  printers  were 
advised  to  quench  their  thirst  only  in  those  cafes  employing  the  wearers 
of  the  I.  B.  L.  blue  button.  The  delegates  stated  also  that  a  sacred 
concert,  under  the  auspices  of  the  Central  Labor  Union,  would  be  held 
at  Infantry  Hall,  Sunday,  March  16. 

A  communication  from  President  Lynch  of  the  L  T.  U.  in  relation 
to  the  International  Union's  hability  for  strike  benefits  to  members 
called  out  of  non-union  or  open  shops,  was  read  at  the  February  meet- 
ing, and  it  was  voted  to  voice  the  protest  of  Providence  Union  against 
the  International  law  as  interpreted  by  President  Lynch. 

An  adjournment  was  taken  from  the  February  meeting  to  March 
9  for  the  purpose  of  revising  the  scale  of  prices.  The  proposed 
changes  were  adopted  by  sections  at  the  adjourned  meeting  and 
adopted  as  a  whole  at  the  regular  meeting,  March  30. 

It  was  voted  at  the  April  meeting  to  send  one  delegate  to  the  Cin- 
cinnati convention  of  the  I.  T.  U.,  and  one  delegate  to  the  Manchester 
convention  of  the  N.  E.  T.  U.  William  Donovan  was  chosen  to  act  as 
delegate  to  the  former  convention,  and  Daniel  O'Connor  to  the  latter. 
The  delegate  to  Cincinnati  was  instructed  to  do  all  in  his  power  to  have 
a  law  passed  by  which  all  Union  men  should  be  guaranteed  strike 
benefits  when  called  on  strike,  whether  they  be  employed  in  Union 
offices  or  not.  The  delegate  to  the  N.  E.  T.  U.  convention  was  in- 
structed to  urge  the  disbandment  of  that  organization  on  the  ground 
of  having  outHved  its  usefulness.  Mr.  Donovan  was  allowed  $100  for 
expenses  and  $15  was  appropriated  for  the  use  of  Mr.  O'Connor. 

May  25,  1902,  an  agreement  with  the  News  Publishing  Company, 
identical  with  that  of  the  Telegram,  was  reported  as  having  been 
signed,  and  the  appHcation  of  the  News  Company  for  the  Union  label 
was  referred  to  the  Allied  Printing  Trades'  Council. 

It  was  announced  that  the  name  of  the  Rhode  Island  Central 
Trades'  and  Labor  Union  had  been  changed.  Providence  being  substi- 
tuted for  Rhode  Island. 

It  was  voted  to  send  ten  delegates  to  the  next  meeting  of  the 
Economic  League. 

June  29,  1902,  a  committee  was  appointed  to  solicit  subscriptions 
for  a  banner. 

A  communication  from  Stereotypers'  Union  relating  to  the  refusal 
of  the  Central  Labor  Union  to  seat  its  delegates  was  read  at  the  June 
meeting,  but  no  action  taken. 

The  strike  of  the  Providence  Street  Railway  Employes'  Association 
against  the  United  Traction  Company  was  endorsed,  and  it  was  voted 


HISTORY  OF  PROVIDENCE  TYPOGRAPHICAL  UNION  151 

to  levy  a  fine  of  $1  on  any  member  of  this  Union  patronizing  the  cars 
of  that  company  during  the  continuance  of  the  strike. 

Little  but  routine  business  was  transacted  at  the  July  meeting. 
Several  vacancies  on  committees  were  filled,  and  a  motion  by  Mr.  Carl 
Robb  that  $40  be  appropriated  for  the  purchase  of  a  new  banner  was 
ruled  out  of  order  by  the  presiding  officer.  It  was  then  voted  to  parade 
on  Labor  Day,  and  Eli  Alford  and  Carl  Robb  were  elected  as  marshal 
and  standard  bearer,  respectively.  The  re-election  of  these  two  gentle- 
men to  the  offices  they  had  so  ably  filled  one  year  previous  evidenced 
the  Union's  appreciation  of  work  well  done. 

For  some  time  there  had  been  dragging  along  in  the  courts  an 
action  of  the  Union  vs.  J.  J.  Ryder  &  Co.,  for  infringement  of  the 
Union  label.  At  the  August  meeting  the  delegates  to  the  Allied 
Printing  Trades'  Council  reported  that  Mr.  Ryder  had  been  fined  $30 
for  use  of  a  counterfeit  label. 

Governor  Garvin  was  endorsed  for  re-election,  and  at  the  Novem- 
ber meeting  his  appointment  of  Joseph  McDonald  as  factory  inspector 
was  endorsed  by  resolution. 

The  name  of  George  H.  Pettis  was  placed  on  the  Honorary  List  at 
the  August  meeting. 

September  28,  a  communication  from  the  Eight-Hour  Work  Day 
Committee  of  the  L  T.  U.,  urging  action  along  hnes  suggested  in  an 
accompanying  circular,  was  received  and  a  committee  was  appointed  to 
attend  to  the  matter. 

A  communication  from  the  International  Women's  Auxiliary  was 
received  at  the  meeting  held  October  26,  1902. 

The  formation  of  an  association  of  retail  cigar  dealers  in  opposition 
to  the  tobacco  trust  was  announced  at  the  October  meeting.  The  new 
association  had  agreed  to  sell  only  Union  cigars,  it  was  stated,  and 
members  who  were  in  the  habit  of  using  B.  L.  plug  tobacco  were 
advised  that  L.  B.,  a  Union-made  plug,  was  an  admirable  substitute. 

November  30,  1902,  members  were  allowed  to  wear  their  hats  dur- 
ing the  meeting,  because  the  janitor  had  failed  to  have  the  room  com- 
fortably heated. 

The  banner  committee  reported  that  the  object  for  which  it  had 
been  appointed  was  in  sight— not  ocularly,  but  prospectively. 

Three  delegates  were  appointed  by  the  chair  to  attend  a  convention 
called  to  consider  the  advisability  of  organizing  a  State  Branch  of  the 
American  Federation  of  Labor.  At  the  December  meeting  the  dele- 
gates announced  that  a  branch  had  been  duly  organized  and  recom- 
mended affihation.  The  report  was  received  and  recommendation 
adopted. 


152  PRINTERS  AND  PRINTING  IN  PROVIDENCE 

A  ballot  taken  by  the  members  present  at  the  November  meeting 
on  the  Los  Angeles  assessment  proposition,  resulted  in  a  vote  of  33  in 
favor  of  the  assessment  and  3  against. 

Two  amendments  to  the  constitution  were  offered  at  the  January 
(1903)  meeting,  both  relating  to  Article  VII.,  governing  "  Dues."  One 
was  for  a  flat  assessment  of  60  cents  per  month.  The  other  was  based 
on  the  percentage  plan.  Both  were  laid  over  to  the  February  meeting, 
and  at  that  meeting  the  former  plan  was  adopted. 

A  committee  appointed  at  the  January  meeting  to  wait  on  the 
printing  committee  of  the  City  Council,  to  urge  that  the  city  printing 
be  given  to  Union  ofl^ices,  reported  at  the  February  meeting  that  they 
had  been  courteously  received  and  given  a  fair  hearing.  That,  how- 
ever, was  all. 

Ten  dollars  was  voted  to  Owosso-Carunna  Union. 

William  S.  Waudby  of  Rochester  was  endorsed  for  the  office  of 
United  States  Labor  Commissioner  at  the  March  meeting. 

March  29,  1903,  a  committee  of  three  was  appointed  to  wait  on  the 
Pressmen's  Union — for  the  purpose  of  formulating  a  joint  proposition 
calling  for  increased  wages  and  shorter  hours.  It  was  voted  to  procure 
a  ballot  box  and  a  copy  of  Cushing's  Manual. 

Along  in  the  fall  of  1920,  President  Lynch  of  the  I.  T.  U.  sent  a 
letter  to  Richard  S.  Howland,  editor-in-chief  of  the  Providence  Journal 
Company,  in  which  was  set  forth  the  relations  then  existing  between 
the  International  Typographical  Union  and  95  per  cent,  of  the  pubhsh- 
ers  of  daily  papers  in  the  United  States.  Mr.  Howland,  for  a  period 
covering  several  months,  investigated  the  matter  and  found  that  Presi- 
dent Lynch  had  not  overstated  in  any  particular  the  friendly  feelings 
existing  between  those  proprietors  and  the  Typographical  Union.  On 
April  2,  1903,  M.  S.  Dwyer,  then  publisher  of  the  Journal,  acting  for 
Mr.  Howland,  instructed  the  foreman,  WilHam  Carroll,  to  ascertain  if 
the  men  in  the  composing  room  desired  that  the  office  be  made  strictly 
Union  or  remain  as  it  then  stood.  After  work  had  ceased  that  after- 
noon, WiUiam  Donovan,  at  the  suggestion  of  the  foreman,  called  the 
men  together  in  the  composing  room,  and  Mr.  Carroll  stated  the  object 
of  the  gathering. 

The  proposition  was  a  surprise  to  the  men,  and  that  fact  caused  an 
inquiry  as  to  the  purpose  of  it — there  being  a  suspicion  on  the  part  of 
some  that,  as  the  Union  scale,  then  existing,  called  for  less  than  that 
paid  by  the  Journal  Company,  it  might  be  for  the  purpose  of  reducing 
wages. 

Mr.  Carroll  said  that  although  the  matter  had  not  appeared  to  him 
in  that  light,  he  felt  assured  that  he  could,  without  consulting  Mr. 


HISTORY  OF  PROVIDENCE  TYPOGRAPHICAL  UNION  153 

Rowland,  inform  the  men  that  such  action  was  not  intended.  He 
stated  further  that  he  beheved,  if  the  men  desired  the  office  strictly 
Union,  it  would  be  made  such.  If  they  wished  to  have  it  remain  as  it 
was,  that  would  be  the  end  of  it. 

It  was  then  moved  and  seconded  that  the  office  be  made  a  Union 
office.  The  motion  was  put  and  carried  unanimously.  The  same 
question  was  asked  that  evening  of  the  men  who  worked  nights,  with 
the  same  result. 

Information  of  the  result  was  given  to  Mr.  Dwyer  by  Mr.  Carroll, 
and  Mr.  Dwyer  asked  that  a  committee  from  the  Union  call  upon  Mr. 
Rowland  to  arrange  for  the  contemplated  change. 

A  special  meeting  of  the  Union  was  called  April  5, 1903,  for  the 
purpose  of  appointing  a  committee  to  confer  with  Mr.  Rowland,  and  at 
that  meeting  it  was  voted  that  a  committee  consisting  of  the  I.  T.  U. 
Organizer,  the  President  of  the  Union,  and  three  members  to  be 
appointed,  meet  Mr.  Rowland  the  following  day.  President  Palmer 
appointed  Andrew  F.  Moran,  Ira  N.  Tew  and  James  R.  Russell,  to  act 
with  himself  and  I.  T.  U.  Organizer  McMahon. 

The  committee  was  given  full  power  to  consummate  negotiations, 
and  at  the  regular  meeting  held  April  26,  the  committee  submitted  a 
signed  agreement  and  a  scale  of  prices.  The  new  scale  provided  for 
an  advance  in  wages  ranging  from  12'^/^8  per  cent,  to  33 '^ 3  per  cent.,  and 
in  all  respects  the  best  scale  ever  negotiated  by  Providence  Union  up 
to  that  time — the  agreement  to  continue  until  February  6,  1906. 

The  scale  submitted  by  the  committee  was  adopted  at  the  meeting 
as  the  scale  of  the  Union ;  the  agreement  was  ratified  and  the  commit- 
tee discharged  with  thanks. 

Mr.  Robb,  for  the  committee  appointed  to  purchase  a  new  banner, 
reported  that  $30  had  been  subscribed  by  members,  and  asked  that  the 
Union  appropriate  the  balance  necessary  for  its  purchase.  It  was  voted 
that  $25  be  placed  at  the  disposal  of  the  committee.  At  the  August 
meeting  the  committee  reported  the  purchase  of  a  banner  at  a  cost  of 
$50,  leaving  a  balance  of  $5,  which  was  returned  to  the  treasury. 

The  resignation  of  President  Palmer,  presented  at  the  April  meet- 
ing immediately  after  the  ratification  of  the  agreement  and  adoption 
of  the  scale  of  prices,  was  taken  from  the  table  at  the  May  meeting. 
Before  action  could  be  taken,  Mr.  DeLeeuw  asked  permission  to  make 
a  few  remarks  out  of  the  regular  order.  Re  then  presented  to  Presi- 
dent Palmer  $100  on  behalf  of  the  members  employed  in  the  Journal, 
Telegram  and  News  chapels.  Mr.  Palmer  replied  fittingly.  A  motion 
that  the  resignation  be  accepted  did  not  reach  a  vote,  Mr.  Palmer  with- 
drawing the  resignation. 


154  PRINTERS  AND  PRINTING  IN  PROVIDENCE 

A  book  and  job  scale,  embod>ing  the  8-hour  day  and  $16  per  week, 
was  adopted  at  the  meeting  held  May  31,  1903,  the  same  to  go  into 
effect  September  14,  1903.  A  compromise  was  effected  between  the 
Typothetae  and  the  Union  in  relation  to  this  scale,  the  Typothetae 
agreeing  to  the  increase  of  wages  with  no  reduction  of  the  working 
hours — 54  for  the  week. 

June  28,  1903,  it  was  reported  that  some  members  of  the  Press- 
men's Union  were,  at  times,  called  to  work  on  the  "  case  "  in  two  of 
the  large  offices,  and  it  was  voted  that  the  Pressmen's  Union  be 
requested  to  instruct  its  members  to  cease  the  practice.  The  Press- 
men's Union  replied  that  it  could  do  nothing  in  the  premises.  It  was 
then  decided  to  call  the  attention  of  the  I.  T.  U.  officials  to  the  matter. 

It  was  voted  at  the  July  meeting  to  protest  against  the  action  of 
the  Board  of  State  Charities  and  Corrections  in  importing  a  man  to  act 
as  instructor  of  printing  at  the  Sockanosset  School  when  many  capable 
men  were  available  at  home. 

A  copy  of  the  protest  was  sent  to  Governor  Garvin,  and  by  His 
Excellency  returned  to  the  Union,  with  the  information  that  the  chief 
executive  was  powerless  to  grant  relief  in  the  premises. 

At  the  August  meeting  George  B.  Sullivan  was  elected  to  represent 
No.  33  at  the  convention  of  the  State  Federation  of  Labor  to  be  held 
at  Woonsocket. 

Ten  dollars  was  appropriated  for  the  benefit  of  the  Journeymen 
Horseshoers'  Union  of  Providence. 

A  special  meeting  was  held  at  AUied  Printing  Trades'  Council  hall, 
98  Weybosset  street,  on  Sunday,  September  13,  1903,  to  receive  the 
report  of  a  committee  appointed  to  submit  to  the  master  printers  the 
scale  of  prices  adopted  at  the  May  meeting.  Mr.  SulUvan,  for  this  com- 
mittee, gave  a  full  account  of  the  conference  with  the  Typothetae,  and 
also  read  a  counter  proposition  submitted  by  that  organization.  The 
committee  recommended  that  the  proposition  be  rejected.  This  action 
was  taken.  It  was  then  voted  that  the  scale  of  prices,  as  adopted  by 
this  Union,  be  enforced  as  soon  as  sanctioned  by  the  I.  T.  U.  executive 
council. 

The  Union  was  called  together  again  the  following  Friday  (Sep- 
tember 18).  The  hall  of  the  Providence  Workmen's  Beneficial  Asso- 
ciation was  occupied  on  this  occasion.  Mr.  Shannon,  for  the  scale 
committee,  read  a  revised  proposition  submitted  by  the  master  printers. 

It  was  then  voted  to  accept  the  revised  proposition,  of  which  the 
following  is  a  copy : 


HISTORY  OF  PROVIDENCE  TYPOGRAPHICAL  UNION  155 

AGREEMENT 

BETWEEN 
AND 

PROVIDENCE  TYPOGRAPHICAL  UNION,  No.  33 
For  Book  and  Job  Offices 


Time  Work 
Section  1.    Book  and  job  compositors,  when  employed  by  the  week,  shall  receive 
not  less  than  Sixteen  dollars  per  week ;  fifty-four  hours  to  constitute  a  weeks'  work. 

Sec.  2.  Overtime  shall  be  paid  for  at  the  rate  of  time  and  one-half  until  12  o'clock, 
midnight.  When  required  to  work  until  9  P.  M.  or  later,  one  half  hour  shall  be  given  and 
paid  for  by  the  office.  All  work  done  on  Sundays  or  holidays  shall  be  paid  for  at  the 
rate  of  double  time.  By  the  term  "  holidays "  is  meant  Memorial  Day,  Fourth  of  July, 
Labor  Day,  Thanksgiving  Day  and  Christmas  Day. 

Sec.  3.  Apprentices  shall  be  limited  as  follows :  One  apprentice  to  every  four 
journeymen  or  less,  and  one  apprentice  to  each  additional  four  journeymen  or  majority 
fraction  thereof,  but  in  no  case  to  have  more  than  three  apprentices  in  a  less  proportion 
than  one  to  eight  journeymen.     The  term  of  apprenticeship  shall  be  four  years. 

Sec.  4.  No  apprentice  shall  run  a  typesetting  machine  until  within  six  months  of 
the  expiration  of  his  term  of  apprenticeship.  All  apprentices  shall  be  registered  accord- 
ing to  International  Typographical  Union  regulations. 

Sec.  5.    The  hours  of  labor  shall  be  between  7  A.  M.  and  6  P.  M. 

The  above  scale  of  prices  is  hereby  agreed  upon  between,  etc.,  etc. 

The  scale  adopted  May  31  was  then  amended  to  comply  with  the 
above  agreement. 

At  a  later  meeting  it  was  reported  that  every  large  firm  in  the  city 
had  signed,  except  one. 

George  B.  Sullivan  reported  as  delegate  to  the  State  Federation 
and  received  the  thanks  of  the  Union  for  the  excellent  manner  in  which 
he  had  represented  No.  33. 

The  finances  of  the  Union  at  no  time  warranted  the  inordinate 
bonding  of  its  treasurer.  That  something  might  accumulate  within 
its  "strong  box,"  however,  time  and  again  it  had  been  proposed  to 
increase  the  dues,  and  time  and  again  the  proposition  had  been 
defeated.  Such  was  the  fate  of  the  proposition  offered  at  the  October 
meeting,  providing  for  an  increase  of  dues  of  10  cents  per  month  per 
member.  The  proposed  amendment  to  the  constitution  read  as  fol- 
lows: 

"  The  dues  of  this  Union  shall  be  seventy  cents  per  month,  ten  cents  of  which  sum 
shall  be  set  aside  as  a  fund  to  enforce  eight-hour  legislation." 

Other  amendments  were  offered  at  the  same  time  to  those  sections 
of  the  constitution  which  would  necessarily  be  affected  by  the  adoption 
of  the  above  amendment. 

Notwithstanding  the  provision  in  the  above  amendment  that  set 
aside  the  increase  for  the  exclusive  benefit  of  the  job  printers,  it  was 
just  that  element  that  compassed  its  defeat. 


156  PRINTERS  AND  PRINTING  IN  PROVIDENCE 

A  counter  proposition  was  offered,  providing  for  the  assessment  of 
dues  upon  the  percentage  plan,  the  amendment  reading : 

"  The  dues  of  this  Union  shall  be  one  per  cent,  per  week  of  weekly  earnings." 

Both  amendments  were  laid  over  until  the  following  meeting,  when 
both  were  defeated  —  the  percentage  plan  receiving  38  votes  to  35 
against,  and  the  70-cent  flat  assessment  receiving  41  votes  to  31 
against. 

Mr.  Manshell,  of  the  Sun  Printing  Company,  was  extended  a  vote 
of  thanks  for  furnishing  the  Union  gratuitously  certain  printed  matter. 

A  political  circular,  bearing  the  Union  label,  reflecting  upon  the 
Union  principles  of  a  former  member  and  ex-President  of  the  Union, 
which  had  been  under  investigation  for  some  weeks,  was  discussed  at 
the  November  meeting.  The  committee  having  the  matter  in  charge 
reported  that  it  was  satisfied  that  there  had  been  no  unlawful  use  of 
the  label  and  recommended  that  the  matter  be  dropped,  inasmach  as  a 
resolution  exonerating  the  gentleman  accused  had  been  passed  at  the 
October  meeting. 

December  27,  1903,  the  committee  intrusted  to  prepare  this  history 
of  the  Union  was  appointed,  and  resolutions  defining  its  powers  and 
privileges  were  adopted.  The  committee,  as  originally  organized,  com- 
prised the  following:  WilHam  Carroll,  John  A.  Shannon,  William 
Palmer,  George  B.  SulHvan  and  WiUiam  J.  Meegan. 

At  the  time  of  the  appointment  of  this  committee  it  was  believed, 
and  in  reality  is  a  fact,  that  Providence  Union  was  organized  June, 
1856,  and  that  its  50th  anniversary  would,  therefore,  occur  June,  1906 ; 
but,  for  reasons  stated  in  the  introduction,  1907  was  chosen  as  more 
appropriate  under  the  circumstances. 

Twenty-five  dollars  was  voted  for  the  preliminary  expenses  of  the 
committee  at  the  adjourned  meeting  held  February  7,  1904. 

The  minutes  of  the  meeting  held  January  31,  1904,  are  missing, 
but  it  is  remembered,  as  the  record  of  the  following  meeting  suggests, 
that  no  business  of  importance  was  transacted,  adjournment  being 
taken  to  the  following  Sunday  that  the  members  might  attend  the 
funeral  services  of  Charles  H.  Hopkins. 

The  adjourned  meeting  was  held  February  7,  1904,  in  Allied  Print- 
ing Trades'  Council  hall,  95  Westminster  street. 

Resolutions  of  respect  for  our  departed  brother,  Charles  H.  Hopkins, 
were  adopted,  and  the  charter  of  the  Union  ordered  draped  for  a  period 
of  45  days — one  day  for  each  year  of  his  life. 

A  committee  which  had  been  previously  appointed  to  consider  the 
advisability  of  holding  a  ball  or  entertainment  of  some  sort,  reported 
the  proposal  as  inexpedient  at  that  time. 


HISTORY  OF  PROVIDENCE  TYPOGRAPHICAL  UNION  157 

The  Los  Angeles  Times  committee  reported  progress  in  its  work. 

A  dues  scheme — something  of  a  straddle  of  the  flat  rate  system 
and  the  percentage  plan  —  was  defeated ;  ayes  27,  nays  23.  A  propo- 
sition to  levy  an  assessment  of  10  cents  per  month  for  a  period  of  six 
months  was  also  defeated. 

The  regular  February  meeting  was  held  Sunday,  the  28th. 

The  Allied  Printing  Trades'  Council  delegates  reported  that  the 
label  had  been  taken  from  the  Telegram.  The  discussion  which  fol- 
lowed was  somewhat  animated  and  prolonged.  It  was  finally  voted  to 
ask  the  council  to  restore  the  label  pending  the  arrival  of  Organizer 
McMahon.  It  was  also  voted  that  President  Geer  proceed  to  Boston  to 
confer  with  the  organizer,  to  the  end  that  the  matter  might  be  settled 
as  quickly  as  possible. 

The  trouble  was  precipitated  substantially  as  follows:  A  News- 
paper Writers'  Union  had  been  organized  in  this  city,  and  soon  after  its 
formation  its  President  was  discharged  by  the  Telegram  manage- 
ment for  the  reason,  as  stated  by  the  deposed  President,  that  he 
belonged  to  the  Union.  The  Telegram  management  denied  that  the 
man  was  discharged  for  any  such  reason.  Being  represented  by  dele- 
gates in  the  Allied  Printing  Trades'  Council,  the  newspaper  writers 
succeeded  in  having  that  body  remove  the  label  from  the  Telegram. 

After  the  adjournment  of  the  February  meeting  it  was  expected 
that  something  definite  would  be  accompHshed  in  regard  to  the  matter 
before  the  time  for  the  March  meeting,  but  such  was  not  to  be.  Presi- 
dent Greer  was  not  present  at  the  March  meeting,  he  having  accepted 
work  in  Boston.  Organizer  McMahon  had  not  visited  Providence  in 
the  meanwhile.  Things  remained  in  statu  quo.  It  was  then  voted 
that  the  I.  T.  U.  oflicers  be  fully  informed  of  the  situation.  The  label 
was  not  restored  to  the  Telegram  until  July,  delegates  to  the  Allied 
Printing  Trades'  Council  reporting  to  that  effect.  In  the  meantime, 
the  Newspaper  Writers'  Union  had  ceased  to  exist. 

An  honorable  withdrawal  card  was  granted  to  H.  B.  Ladd  at  the 
meeting  held  March  27,  1904. 

Ex-Financial  Secretary  Abell,  who  had  retired  from  the  business, 
was  present  at  the  March  meeting  and  gave  an  interesting  account  of 
the  "simple  life"  he  was  then  practicing,  and  extended  a  cordial 
invitation  to  all  members  to  visit  him  "  down  on  the  farm." 

At  the  April  meeting  it  was  voted  to  send  one  delegate  to  represent 
Providence  at  the  I.  T.  U.  convention  to  be  held  at  St.  Louis.  The 
names  of  six  members  were  placed  in  nomination,  four  of  whom  with- 
drew before  the  election.  An  assessment  of  $1  per  member  was  levied 
on  the  June  card.    At  the  May  meeting  the  election  committee  reported 


158  PRINTERS  AND  PRINTING  IN   PROVIDENCE 

that  William  J.  Meegan  had  been  elected  delegate,  and  $100  was  appro- 
priated for  expenses.  At  the  July  meeting  $50  additional  was  appro- 
priated 

A  donation  of  $5  was  voted  to  Parkersburg,  W.  Va.,  Union  at  the 
April  meeting. 

Mr.  Paquette  of  the  Bakers'  and  Confectioners'  Union  addressed 
the  members  at  the  May  meeting,  and  asked  the  moral  support  of  the 
printers  for  the  Bakers'  Union,  which  was  then  on  strike  for  recogni- 
tion as  an  organization. 

George  B.  Sullivan  was  endorsed  as  Providence  Union's  candidate 
for  I.  T.  U.  Organizer,  and  a  committee  appointed  to  present  his  candi- 
dacy to  other  Unions  for  endorsement. 

To  a  member  who  had  been  ill  and  who  wished  to  return  to  his 
native  home,  $10  was  voted. 

At  the  June  meeting  Mr.  Reed  of  the  Western  Federation  of 
Miners  addressed  the  members  and  gave  a  graphic  account  of  the 
doings  of  the  "  Citizens'  Alliance  "  in  the  mining  districts  of  Colorado. 
The  Union  sympathized  with  the  miners  to  the  extent  of  $10,  and  a 
committee  appointed  to  solicit  contributions  for  the  same  purpose  for- 
warded to  miners'  headquarters  $12.50  more. 

It  was  voted  that  the  July  meeting  be  held  in  Squantum  woods, 
and  a  committee  was  appointed  to  make  arrangements  for  shelter  in  the 
event  of  bad  weather.  The  secretary  was  instructed  to  notify  all 
members  of  the  change  of  place  of  meeting. 

In  accordance  with  the  above  vote  the  July  meeting  was  held  in 
the  woods,  it  not  being  necessary  to  seek  shelter,  the  day  being  delight- 
ful.   Twenty-four  members  were  present. 

An  ideal  spot,  surrounded  and  shaded  by  a  group  of  hemlocks,  was 
selected ;  and  after  President  Daniel  O'Connor  had  wormed  himself  into 
a  comfortable  position  upon  the  ragged  edges  of  a  huge  boulder,  he 
declared  the  meeting  open  for  the  transaction  of  business. 

The  executive  committee  reported  that  a  bundle  of  tickets  from 
Norwalk  Union  had  been  disposed  of  to  individual  members  and  the 
proceeds  forwarded  to  that  Union,  and  an  appeal  for  financial  aid  from 
Freight  Handlers'  Union  was  laid  on  the  table  because  the  strike  for 
which  the  aid  was  asked  had  been  declared  off. 

Delegates  to  the  Central  Trades'  and  Labor  Union  reported  that  a 
meeting  of  delegates  from  all  organizations  intending  to  take  part  in 
the  parade  on  Labor  Day  would  be  held  Tuesday  evening,  August  2, 
for  the  purpose  of  electing  a  chief  marshal.  Six  delegates  were 
appointed  to  attend  that  meeting,  and  by  vote,  Ceorge  Wilson  of  the 
Cigarmakers'  Union  was  endorsed  for  the  position  of  chief  marshal. 


HISTORY  OF  PROVIDENCE  TYPOGRAPHICAL  UNION  159 

A  committee  was  appointed  to  decide  where  it  would  be  advisable 
to  hold  the  next  meeting. 

The  August  meeting  was  called  to  order  in  the  Union's  regular 
quarters  in  Labor  Temple. 

William  Carroll  was  elected  delegate  to  the  State  Federation  con- 
vention to  be  held  at  Newport. 

Tickets  for  a  ball  to  be  held  Labor  Day  at  Trinidad,  Col.,  were 
received  and  laid  on  the  table,  and  a  communication  announcing  a  ball 
game  between  Outlet  clerks  and  Photo-Engravers'  Union  was  received 
and  placed  on  file. 

The  delegates  to  the  C.  T.  and  L.  U.  were  instructed  to  protest 
against  sending  the  Labor  Day  Programme  to  Boston  to  be  printed. 

September  25,  1904,  delegates  to  the  Central  Trades'  and  Labor 
Union  reported  that  a  committee  had  been  appointed  by  that  body  for 
the  purpose  of  organizing  a  Woman's  AuxiHary,  to  be  composed  of  the 
wives  and  daughters  of  members  of  the  different  Unions  affiiliated  with 
the  C.  T.  and  L.  U. 

A  committee  of  five  was  appointed  to  draw  up  a  new  contract  for 
book  and  job  offices,  and  the  committee  was  instructed  to  hold  itself 
in  readiness  to  meet  a  committee  of  master  printers,  that  agree- 
ment might  be  had  for  the  year  1905  between  employing  printers  and 
the  Union.  The  committee  was  also  empowered  to  formulate  a  scale 
for  weekly  newspapers.  George  B.  Sulhvan  reported  at  a  meeting  held 
December  18,  that  the  committee  had  met  the  master  printers  and  had 
submitted  a  scale  of  prices  differing  sHghtly  from  the  one  then  in  oper- 
ation. A  communication  was  read  in  which  a  discussion  of  the  eight-hour 
day  was  dechned  by  the  master  printers.  At  the  January  (1905)  meet- 
ing the  committee  reported  that  an  agreement  had  been  reached,  and 
asked  that  the  same  be  ratified  by  the  Union.  That  action  was  taken 
and  the  committee  empowered  to  obtain  signatures  to  the  contract. 
February  26,  1905,  the  committee  reported  nine  offices  signed  and  an 
agreement  with  the  proprietor  of  the  Weekly  Visitor.  March  26,  prac- 
tically all  offices  were  reported  signed. 

A  committee  was  also  appointed  at  the  September  (1904)  meeting, 
for  the  purpose  of  revising  the  constitution.  At  the  October  meeting 
this  committee  was  ordered  to  report  at  the  November  meeting,  under 
penalty  of  discharge  for  failure.  The  committee  protected  itself 
from  the  disgrace  so  generously  provided  by  submitting  a  printed  Ust 
of  proposed  amendments.  The  report  was  received  and  laid  on  the 
table  for  one  month.  At  the  meeting  held  December  18,  1904,  consid- 
erable progress  was  made  with  its  reading  and  several  sections  were 
adopted.    Amendments  to  the  proposed  amendments,  however,  began 


160  PRINTERS  AND  PRINTING  IN  PROVIDENCE 

to  interrupt  the  work,  and  the  greater  part  of  the  printed  Hst  was  laid 
over  until  the  next  meeting,  and  at  that  meeting  consideration  of  the 
amendments  was  postponed.  At  the  May  (1905)  meeting  a  new  com- 
mittee was  appointed  to  correct  and  revise  the  constitution,  and  at  the 
July  meeting  this  committee  requested  members  to  bring  in  their 
changes  and  proposed  amendments  that  the  committee  might  be  able 
to  offer  a  report  which  would,  perhaps,  meet  with  less  objections.  No 
further  progress  was  made  with  the  work  of  adopting  the  amendments 
until  at  a  special  meeting  held  November  15, 1905,  when  about  one-half 
of  the  unfinished  matter  was  gone  over.  That  ended  consideration  of 
the  amendments  until  May  26,  1907,  the  matter  being  postponed  from 
month  to  month.  At  the  May  meeting  it  was  voted  to  devote  one-half 
hour  to  the  consideration  of  the  amendments  at  that  and  each  subse- 
quent meeting  until  the  adoption  of  the  constitution  as  amended  be 
completed.    The  matter  is  still  before  the  Union. 

Still  another  committee  appointed  at  the  September  (1904)  meeting, 
was  one  authorized  to  prepare  for  some  form  of  entertainment  of  the 
members.  On  Tuesday  evening,  November  15,  1904,  the  committee  in 
charge  provided  a  bounteous  feast,  consisting  of  a  turkey  supper  with 
all  the  fixings,  coffee  and  ice  cream.  Because  of  a  boycott  on  one  of 
the  leading  caterers  by  the  Bakers'  Union,  the  affair  was  held  in  Labor 
Temple  hall,  and  the  supper  served  by  a  member  of  the  Waiters'  Alli- 
ance. After  the  tables  were  cleared  away  the  members  gathered  about 
to  hsten  to  the  exercises  provided  by  the  committee.  President  O'Con- 
nor made  a  felicitous  address  and  introduced  William  Carroll  as  toast- 
master.  Hugh  O'Halloran,  ex-President  of  Boston  Union,  made  the 
principal  address,  in  which  he  ably  set  forth  the  duty  of  members  to 
the  Union,  and  the  benefits  to  be  derived  therefrom.  Other  speakers 
were  George  B.  Sullivan,  President  Charles  A.  Salisbury  of  Pawtucket 
Union,  James  Muspratt,  Samuel  R.  Macready  on  "  The  Oldest  Printer," 
and  Wilham  J.  Meegan  on  the  "  Printers'  Envelope."  Singing,  dancing, 
and  a  sparring  match  between  Monk,  the  Newsboy,  and  Little  Mike, 
gave  variety  to  the  programme.  William  Carroll,  John  P.  Dorl  and 
Wilham  Lewis  comprised  the  committee. 

November  27,  1904,  the  request  of  a  Mr.  Olyott  that  he  be  given 
permission  to  practice  on  a  spare  Mergenthaler  machine  in  the  News 
office  was  refused. 

Because  the  regular  December  meeting  was  scheduled  to  fall  on 
Christmas  Day  it  was  voted  to  hold  the  next  meeting  on  Sunday, 
December  18. 

The  death  of  Clarence  E.  Burtwell  was  announced  at  the  December 
meeting,  and  the  secretary  was  instructed  to  obtain  the  names  of  all 


HISTORY  OF  PROVIDENCE  TYPOGRAPHICAL  UNION  161 


deceased  members  and  have  the  same  inscribed  on  the  memorial  tablet, 
presented  some  years  previous  by  Judson  A.  Keach. 

Delegates  to  the  Central  Labor  Union  reported  at  the  meeting  held 
January  29,  1905,  that  many  of  the  Union  labels  were  being  counter- 
feited or  imitated,  and  that  the  word  "  Union  "  was  being  used  as  part 
of  the  name  of  many  non-union  articles. 

At  this  meeting  the  treasurer  reported  a  notification  from  the 
International  Union  that  Providence  Union  was  in  arrears  for  per 
capita  tax.  Charges  were  then  preferred  against  the  financial  secre- 
tary for  withholding  Union  moneys.  The  charges  were  deemed  cog- 
nizable and  a  committee  appointed  to  take  testimony.  A  great  amount 
of  labor  on  the  part  of  the  auditing  committee  was  necessary  to  arrive 
at  a  just  conclusion  as  to  the  amount  involved.  The  aif air  was  event- 
ually settled  by  the  Union  accepting  a  note  for  $150,  payable  in  six 
months.  Bitter  feehng  was  engendered  during  the  discussion  of  the 
matter  at  the  different  meetings,  at  one  of  which  charges  were  pre- 
ferred against  the  President  for  neglect  of  duty.  These  charges  were, 
however,  deemed  not  cognizable  by  a  unanimous  vote. 

That  the  Building  Trades'  Council  was  about  to  issue  a  monthly 
magazine  was  announced  at  the  January  meeting,  and  it  was  voted  to 
take  space  in  the  book  for  the  purpose  of  advertising  those  offices  using 
the  Union  label. 

A  committee  of  two  was  appointed  at  the  meeting  held  February 
26,  1905,  to  appear  before  a  legislative  committee  and  favor  the  adop- 
tion of  a  law  requiring  the  labeling  of  convict-made  goods.  This 
committee  reported  March  26,  and  recommended  that  a  standing  com- 
mittee be  appointed  to  attend  to  such  matters  in  the  future. 

The  official  handbook  of  the  Barbers'  Union,  not  bearing  the  Union 
label,  was  given  to  the  delegates  to  the  AlHed  Printing  Trades'  Council 
for  investigation.  The  delegates  reported  later  that  the  work  had  been 
done  in  a  Union  office. 

A  communication  from  Pawtucket  Union  in  relation  to  the  transfer 
of  matrices  from  a  Providence  paper  to  one  in  Pawtucket,  was  referred 
back  to  Pawtucket  Union. 

Notice  of  a  field  day  to  be  known  as  May  Day,  and  to  be  held  Sun- 
day, May  7,  by  the  Central  Trades'  and  Labor  Union  and  Building 
Trades'  Council  was  announced  at  the  March  meeting. 

The  attention  of  the  Union  was  also  called  to  a  resolution  adopted 
by  the  Central  Trades'  and  Labor  Union,  denvHng  moral  or  financial 
support  to  any  organization  refusing  to  submit  its  contract  for  inspec- 
tion by  that  body  before  the  same  shall  be  formally  signed. 

At  the  meeting  held  April  30,  1905,  the  death  of  William  H.  Jillson 
was  announced,  and  a  letter  from  Mr.  Jillson's  father,  expressing  thanks 


162  PRINTERS  AND  PRINTING  IN  PROVIDENCE 

for  the  many  courtesies  extended  to  his  son,  was  read  by  the  President, 
who  stated  that  the  death  benefit  had  been  paid  to  the  senior  Mr. 
Jillson. 

A  case  or  cover  for  the  preservation  of  the  banner  was  ordered  at 
this  meeting,  and  Carl  Robb  was  delegated  to  procure  the  same. 

It  was  voted  to  send  two  delegates,  one  from  the  book  and  job 
branch  and  one  from  the  newspaper  branch,  to  the  Toronto  convention 
of  the  International  Typographical  Union.  Six  candidates  were  nomi- 
nated— three  from  each  branch.  At  a  special  meeting  held  in  Musi- 
cian's hall,  May  10,  1905,  a  committee  was  appointed  to  attend  to  the 
election,  and  it  was  voted  to  keep  the  polls  open  from  4  to  8.15  P.  M. 
The  election  was  held  May  17,  at  93V2  Clemence  street.  Eli  Alford  for 
the  newspaper  branch  and  Maurice  E.  Hughes  for  the  job  branch  were 
elected.  The  total  number  of  votes  cast  was  136.  At  the  May  meet- 
ing a  motion  to  assess  the  membership  $1.50  was  laid  over  to  the  June 
meeting,  and  at  that  meeting  the  assessment  proposition  was  withdrawn 
and  a  motion  was  passed  transferring  $150  from  the  eight-hour  fund  to 
the  general  fund,  provision  being  made  to  replenish  the  eight-hour  fund 
with  the  money  soon  due  on  note  for  $150.  This  amount  was  divided 
between  the  delegates.  There  were  31  members  present  at  the  meet- 
ing at  which  the  transfer  was  made,  the  meeting  being  held  at  Boyden 
Heights. 

At  the  May  meeting  it  was  voted  to  give  up  Labor  Temple  for  a 
period  of  three  months,  it  having  been  voted  to  meet  at  Boyden  Heights 
June,  July  and  August. 

Edgar  0.  Beacham  was  elected  delegate  to  the  New  England  Allied 
Printing  Trades'  convention  at  Fall  River,  $10  being  voted  as  expenses. 

An  eight-hour  committee  was  appointed  and  given  power  to  call  a 
meeting  at  any  time. 

June  25,  1905,  the  meeting  was  called  to  order  at  "  The  Lookout," 
a  high  point  of  land  overlooking  Narragansett  Bay,  and  close  to  the 
Squantum  Club  grounds. 

Delegates  to  the  Central  Trades'  and  Labor  Union  reported  that  the 
President  of  that  organization  had,  upon  his  own  request,  been  author- 
ized to  issue  a  weekly  paper.  The  project  had  been  opposed  by  No.  33's 
delegates  because  of  abuse  of  like  privilege  in  the  past  and  the  danger 
involved  in  giving  one  man  authority  to  speak  for  so  great  and  diver- 
sified interests. 

The  July  and  August  meetings  were  held  in  the  open  air  and  near 
the  same  locality  as  the  June  meeting,  the  minutes  all  being  dated 
Boyden  Heights. 


HISTORY  OF  PROVIDENCE  TYPOGRAPHICAL  UNION  163 

At  the  July  meeting  there  were  27  members  present  and  a  com- 
mittee of  five  was  appointed  to  draw  up  a  scale  of  prices  for  newspaper 
work,  to  replace  the  scale  appearing  in  the  agreements  expiring  Febru- 
ary 1,  1906. 

After  adjournment  the  minutes  state  that  ample  justice  was  done 
to  a  shore  dinner  in  honor  of  Organizer  Charles  Scott,  who  was  present. 

At  the  August  meeting  the  committee  on  summer  outings  made  a 
final  report,  and  the  secretary  was  instructed  to  thank  the  manager  of 
Boyden  Heights  for  courtesies  extended  to  the  Union. 

John  Moffitt,  President  of  the  New  England  Allied  Printing  Trades, 
gave  a  brief  history  of  the  work  accomplished  in  the  Providence 
district. 

A  committee  was  appointed  to  make  arrangements  for  a  parade  on 
Labor  Day,  and  it  was  voted  that  all  members  not  parading  be  fined  $3. 
The  secretary  was  instructed  to  call  the  roll  on  Labor  Day.  It  was  also 
voted  to  provide  carriages  for  female  members. 

Cards,  bearing  a  list  of  label  offices,  were  ordered  printed  and 
distributed. 

A  motion  that  "  no  printer  be  allowed  in  the  hne  on  Labor  Day 
unless  he  shall  wear  Union-made  shoes,  clothes  and  hat,"  was  lost. 
The  mover  of  the  motion  then  gave  notice  that  he  would  refuse  to 
parade  with  any  printer  who  did  not  wear  Union-made  clothing. 

WiUiam  Carroll  was  elected  delegate  to  the  convention  of  the  State 
Federation  of  Labor  at  Westerly. 

The  meeting  of  September  24,  1905,  was  held  in  Labor  Temple 
hall.  The  eight-hour  and  newspaper  scale  committees  reported 
progress. 

It  was  voted  that  the  President  and  secretary  notify  the  master 
printers  that  the  Union  would  ask  for  a  change  in  the  book  and  job 
scale,  January  1,  1906. 

On  motion,  John  J.  Horton  was  elected  reading  clerk,  that  office 
having  been  created  at  the  same  meeting.  The  minutes  state  that  Mr. 
Horton  was  escorted  to  a  chair  amid  great  applause. 

The  organization  of  a  Typographical  Union  in  the  Pawtuxet  Valley 
was  announced  at  this  meeting. 

A  communication  from  Boston  Union  requesting  the  attendance 
of  a  delegate  to  represent  Providence  Union  at  a  conference  of  New 
England  Unions,  to  be  held  at  Boston  for  the  purpose  of  discussing  the 
proposed  demand  for  an  eight-hour  day,  was  received,  and  H.  S.  Richard- 
son was  chosen  to  act  for  Providence  Union.  Four  dollars  per  day  was 
voted  the  delegate  for  expenses.  At  the  October  meeting  the  delegate 
read  the  resolutions  adopted  at  the  eight-hour  conference. 


164  PRINTERS  AND  PRINTING  IN  PROVIDENCE 

George  H.  Brown,  delegate  to  the  Central  Trades'  and  Labor  Union, 
recommended  that  Providence  Union  draft  some  sort  of  a  resolution  of 
protest  against  having  the  official  Labor  Day  Programme  printed  in 
Boston.    The  delegate  was  instructed  to  attend  to  the  matter  himself. 

October  29,  1905,  the  newspaper  scale  committee  presented  its 
report,  and  it  was  voted  that  the  same  be  made  the  special  order  at  the 
next  meeting,  all  members  to  be  notified  to  that  effect.  At  the  Novem- 
ber meeting  those  of  the  proposed  changes  differing  radically  from  the 
scale  then  in  operation,  were  defeated.  The  scale  as  adopted  was  still 
further  compromised  by  the  committee  negotiating  the  contracts  with 
the  newspaper  publishers,  the  result  being  practically  the  same  scale  as 
the  one  previously  in  force. 

The  President  announced  that  he  had  notified  the  master  printers 
in  regard  to  a  change  in  the  book  and  job  contracts  for  January  1, 1906, 
and  also  said  that  he  had  called  a  special  meeting  two  weeks  previous  for 
the  purpose  of  discussing  the  amendments  to  the  constitution,  but  that 
the  meeting  had  not  been  held  because  few  had  attended.  It  was  then 
voted  to  call  a  special  meeting  within  30  days  for  the  purpose  of  consid- 
ering the  constitution. 

It  was  voted  that  in  event  of  the  passage  of  the  50-cent  assessment, 
a  ballot  on  which  was  about  to  be  taken,  the  Union  pay  the  same  for  all 
members  who  may  be  unemployed  during  the  life  of  the  assessment. 
The  count  of  the  vote  showed  that  Providence  Union  had  endorsed  the 
proposition — 52  to  6. 

The  resignation  of  William  Abell  as  financial  secretary,  and  that  of 
EU  Alford  as  recording  secretary,  was  laid  on  the  table  for  one  month. 

At  the  meeting  held  November  26, 1905,  a  motion  that  the  scale,  as 
adopted,  be  submitted  to  the  Central  Trades'  and  Labor  Union  for 
approval,  was  laid  on  the  table.  The  scale  was  ordered  printed  and  the 
scale  committee  discharged.  A  committee  was  then  appointed  to  nego- 
tiate contracts.  At  the  December  meeting  the  proposition  to  submit 
the  scale  to  the  Central  Trades'  and  Labor  Union  for  ratification  was 
defeated,  and  on  motion  the  delegates  to  that  body  were  instructed  to 
maintain  a  discreet  silence  about  the  whole  matter. 

A  communication  from  the  International  Typographical  Union  in 
regard  to  the  50-cent  assessment  was  read,  and  the  suggestion  made 
that  the  assessment  be  raised  to  $1,  the  additional  50  cents  to  be 
retained  by  the  local  Union  to  help  finance  the  eight-hour  movement. 
It  was  voted  to  so  assess  all  earning  over  $15  per  week.  To  obtain 
exemption  of  the  assessment,  out-of-work  members  were  required  to 
report  to  the  financial  secretary. 


HISTORY  OF  PROVIDENCE  TYPOGRAPHICAL  UNION  165 


A  motion  that  the  salary  of  the  financial  secretary  be  increased  to 
$10  per  week,  with  $2.50  per  week  for  office  hire,  was  laid  on  the  table 
for  one  month,  and  at  the  December  meeting  the  matter  was  laid  on 
the  table,  where  it  still  remains. 

The  resignation  of  the  financial  secretary  was  accepted  at  the 
November  meeting  and  the  names  of  three  candidates  were  qffered  in 
nomination  to  fill  the  vacancy.     Charles  Carroll  was  elected. 

The  resignation  of  the  recording  secretary  was  not  accepted. 

Officers  for  the  ensuing  year  were  then  nominated. 

A  special  meeting  was  held  December  26,  1905,  in  Musicians'  hall, 
at  which  the  proposed  International  Typographical  Union  assessment 
of  10  per  cent,  on  weekly  earnings  was  discussed.  Organizer  Scott  and 
John  Moffitt  of  the  New  England  Allied  Printing  Trades  spoke  in  favor 
of  the  proposition.  To  obtain  the  sentiment  of  those  present,  a  test 
ballot  was  taken,  which  showed  but  one  dissenting  vote. 

Communications  from  various  members  of  the  Typothetae  were 
read,  in  which  Httle  encouragement  was  given  of  a  peaceable  accept- 
ance of  the  eight-hour  contract.  The  letters  from  the  independent 
firms  were,  on  the  contrary,  most  favorable. 

The  book  and  job  scale  was  then  taken  up,  and  it  was  voted  that 
those  sections  be  considered  adopted  to  which  no  objection  was  offered 
at  their  reading.  The  scale  was  then  adopted,  no  objection  or  amend- 
ments being  offered  to  any  of  the  sections.  A  motion  to  postpone  the 
adoption  of  the  scale  as  a  whole  until  the  following  Sunday  was  carried, 
but  later  reconsidered,  and  the  vote  was  then  taken.  The  count  showed 
that  the  scale  had  been  adopted  by  a  vote  of  58  for,  one  against. 

The  committee  appointed  to  collect  and  count  the  vote  on  the  10 
per  cent,  assessment  proposition  announced  that  they  had  secured  Hall 
No.  2,  Labor  Temple,  and  that  the  polls  would  be  open  Wednesday 
evening,  December  27,  from  6  to  8  P.  M.,  for  the  accommodation  of 
those  members  who  did  not  vote  in  chapels.  The  committee  reported 
at  the  meeting  held  December  31,  that  a  total  vote  of  136  had  been 
cast — 123  for  the  assessment,  13  against. 

The  President  announced  that  the  eight-hour  committee  would 
hold  an  open  meeting  in  Musician's  hall,  Friday  night,  December  29,  at 
8  o'clock. 

The  amount  in  the  local  treasury,  as  announced  by  the  treasurer  at 
the  special  meeting,  was  $846.32. 

The  meeting  adjourned  at  11  o'clock  P.  M.,  after  having  been  in 
session  about  three  hours. 

At  the  regular  meeting  held  December  31,  1905,  a  communication 
from  President  Lynch  was  read,  which  advised  that  no  men  be  called 


166  PRINTERS  AND  PRINTING  IN  PROVIDENCE 

from  "  open  "  or  non-union  offices,  until  such  a  course  was  sanctioned 
by  the  executive  council  of  the  International  Typographical  Union. 
President  O'Connor  stated  that  he,  in  conjunction  with  the  executive 
committee  of  Providence  Union,  after  considering  every  phase  of  the 
matter,  recommended  that  the  men  be  called  from  every  office  where 
the  eight-hour  day  had  been  refused. 

A  motion  passed  at  the  special  meeting  just  previous,  "that  the 
President  be  authorized  to  instruct  the  members  at  the  next  meeting 
what  course  will  be  taken  on  January  1,  1906,"  was  no  doubt  responsi- 
ble for  the  President's  recommendation,  which  was  concurred  in  by  the 
Union. 

The  executive  committee  reported  that  during  the  month  they  had 
received  a  communication  from  the  Providence  Printing  Pressmen's 
Union,  protesting  against  one  of  our  members  doing  pressv/ork.  Inves- 
tigation showed  that  said  member  was  foreman  of  the  office  and  clearly 
within  his  right  in  peforming  any  work  under  his  control. 

The  newspaper  scale  committee  reported  that  the  management  of 
the  Telegram  was  ready  to  meet  the  committee,  but  insisted  that  the 
committee  must  possess  full  power  to  negotiate  the  contract.  The  com- 
mittee was  clothed  with  the  proper  authority.  At  the  meeting  held 
January  28,  1906,  the  committee  reported  contracts  closed  with  the 
Telegram  and  Journal  companies  for  a  period  of  five  years.  At  the 
February  meeting  the  committee  reported  that  the  signing  of  the  con- 
tract with  the  News  had  been  delayed  and  that  a  conference  between 
the  chairman  of  the  committee  and  Mr,  Brown  of  the  News,  held  that 
morning,  February  25,  1906,  had  resulted  in  a  deadlock.  The  com- 
mittee, however,  were  of  the  opinion  that  the  matter  would  be  satis- 
factorily adjusted  on  or  before  March  1.  The  report  of  the  committee 
at  the  March  meeting  was  received  as  one  of  progress.  The  signing  of 
the  contract  with  the  News  occurred  shortly  after  the  adjournment  of 
that  meeting. 

The  secretary  was  instructed  at  the  December  (1905)  meeting  to 
ask  the  Board  of  Directors  of  the  Musicians'  Union  to  use  its  influ- 
ence with  members  of  that  Union  to  employ  the  Union  label  on  their 
individual  business  and  address  cards.  At  the  meeting  held  June  24, 
1906,  the  secretary  was  instructed  to  draft  a  suitable  answer  to  a  com- 
munication from  the  Musicians'  Union  stating  that  the  printers'  inter- 
ests were  being  attended  to. 

J.  J.  Manning  of  the  Barbers'  Union  was  endorsed  as  a  candidate 
for  appointment  as  member  of  the  Barbers'  Commission. 

A  communication  from  the  International  Ladies'  Auxiliary,  urging 
the  formation  of  a  local  branch,  was   read,  and  three  ex-delegates, 


HISTORY  OF  PROVIDENCE  TYPOGRAPHICAL  UNION  167 

Messrs.  Meegan,  Alford  and  Hughes,  were  appointed  a  committee  on 
organization  of  a  local  auxiliary.  At  the  January  (1906)  meeting  the 
committee  reported  that  it  believed  it  would  be  possible  to  organize  an 
auxiliary  by  the  expenditure  of  a  little  money.  The  committee  was 
given  full  power  to  go  ahead.  At  the  February  meeting  the  committee 
reported  progress,  and  at  the  March  meeting  the  committee  recom- 
mended that  the  Union  provide  for  an  open  meeting  of  the  auxihary, 
and  also  asked  that  No.  33  pay  for  the  auxiliary  charter  and  the 
first  quarter's  dues  of  the  members  then  enrolled.  The  recommenda- 
tions were  adopted.  The  open  meeting  was  held  in  Gelb's  parlors  on 
the  night  of  Ash  Wednesday,  the  committee  unfortunately  selecting 
that  date  without  being  aware  of  its  significance  to  many  who  might 
have  attended.  However,  a  permanent  organization  was  perfected, 
and  for  a  while  the  auxihary  held  its  meetings  at  the  homes  of  different 
members.  A  hall  has  since  been  secured  for  its  gatherings,  and  the 
auxihary  is  now  in  a  thriving  condition.  At  the  first  meeting  held  for 
the  purpose  of  organizing  the  auxihary,  John  W.  Hays,  First  Vice- 
President  of  the  International  Union,  was  present,  and  addressed  the 
ladies  assembled.  Mr.  Hays  commended  the  purpose  of  the  gathering, 
and  gave  a  brief  outhne  of  the  progress  of  the  eight-hour  strike.  At 
the  close  of  the  meeting  a  social  hour  was  enjoyed,  during  which  hght 
refreshments  were  served. 

The  50-cent  local  assessment  was  discontinued  at  the  December 
(1905)  meeting. 

The  "  strike  "  for  the  eight-hour  day  was  inaugurated  January  1, 
1906,  and  at  the  meeting  held  January  28,  President  O'Connor,  who  had 
been  assigned  to  handle  the  matter,  made  a  report  of  the  situation, 
showing  conditions  that  existed  in  the  shops  before  and  after  the  incep- 
tion of  the  strike.  At  this  meeting  the  strike  benefit  was  increased 
from  $5  to  $7  for  single  men,  and  from  $7  to  $10  for  married  men.  An 
account  of  the  strike,  written  by  Financial  Secretary  Charles  Carroll, 
covering  all  of  its  sahent  features  from  the  beginning  up  to  September 
1,  1907,  win  be  found  immediately  following  this  story. 

A  committee  from  Pawtucket  Typographical  Union  was  given  the 
privilege  of  the  floor  at  the  January  meeting,  and  asked  that  Providence 
Union  endorse  a  resolution  which  Pawtucket  Union  had  adopted,  call- 
ing upon  the  Legislature  to  place  the  Union  label  on  State  printing. 
The  resolution  was  endorsed  and  the  delegates  to  the  Central  Trades' 
and  Labor  Union  and  the  Alhed  Printing  Trades'  Council  were  in- 
structed to  present  the  resolution  to  their  respective  bodies  for  adoption. 

A  communication  from  President  Lynch,  offering  all  needed  financial 
aid  during  the  strike,  was  read  at  the  meeting  held  February  25,  1906. 


168  PRINTERS  AND  PRINTING  IN  PROVIDENCE 

One  year's  subscription  to  the  "Progressive  Printer"  was  ordered, 
the  magazine  to  be  addressed  to  the  Providence  Public  Library. 

The  death  of  Harry  F.  Davis  was  announced  at  this  meeting,  and 
a  communication  from  Henry  R.  Davis,  his  father,  was  read,  thanking 
the  Union  for  its  expression  of  sympathy. 

Charges  were  preferred  against  a  member  for  entering  into  a 
private  contract  with  his  employer,  at  the  February  meeting,  and  a 
committee  appointed  to  take  testimony.  At  the  May  meeting  the 
member  was  expelled  for  "  ratting,"  after  having  been  found  guilty. 

Communications  from  Erie  in  regard  to  poster  work  being  done  in 
unfair  shops  in  that  city  for  Providence  firms,  and  from  New  York, 
urging  a  boycott  of  certain  magazines,  were  referred  to  the  strike 
committee. 

At  the  March  meeting  the  label  committee  distributed  copies  of  a 
book  containing  the  names  and  business  addresses  of  325  firms  and 
individuals  who  had  agreed  to  have  the  Union  label  on  all  printing 
ordered  in  the  future. 

Two  members  (Messrs.  Houle  and  Pike)  were  appointed  to  repre- 
sent Providence  at  a  Union  label  demonstration  to  be  held  at  Brockton. 
They  were  accompanied  by  Mrs.  Abell  and  Mrs.  Hughes  of  the  Ladies' 
Auxihary. 

The  financial  secretary's  report  for  March  was  $2,640.25  collected. 

At  the  meeting  held  April  29,  1906,  it  was  voted  to  send  one  dele- 
gate to  the  Colorado  Springs  convention  of  the  International  Union. 
Eight  candidates  were  nominated,  four  of  whom  withdrew  before  the 
day  of  election.  Daniel  O'Connor  received  a  pronounced  plurality  and 
within  a  few  votes  of  a  majority  over  the  field  of  candidates.  A  motion 
to  set  aside  $150  for  use  of  the  delegate  was  defeated  at  the  June  meet- 
ing. At  the  July  meeting  a  motion  was  passed  appropriating  $150  for 
that  purpose.  It  was  decided  by  vote  at  the  September  meeting  not  to 
allow  a  bill  presented  by  the  delegate  for  $50  for  expenses  incurred 
over  and  above  the  original  appropriation,  and  a  resolution  appropriating 
$50  for  that  purpose,  offered  at  the  same  meeting,  was  laid  on  the  table. 

The  executive  committee  reported  at  the  April  meeting  that  the 
men  employed  by  the  Providence  Linotype  Company  had  been  ordered 
out.  It  also  reported  that  $15  had  been  contributed  to  the  San  Fran- 
cisco earthquake  sufferers,  and  the  Union  voted  to  open  subscription 
lists  in  all  offices  within  its  jurisdiction. 

Committees  were  appointed  to  draw  up  suitable  resolutions  on  the 
deaths  of  James  L.  Bicknell  and  Charles  Williams. 

It  was  also  voted  at  this  meeting  that  overtime  in  newspaper  offices 
be  made  accumulative. 


HISTORY  OF  PROVIDENCE  TYPOGRAPHICAL  UNION  169 

At  the  May  meeting  Charles  H.  Lee  was  elected  delegate  to  the 
New  England  Allied  Printing  Trades'  convention  at  Springfield. 
Twenty  dollars  was  voted  for  expenses. 

Report  had  been  made  to  the  executive  committee  by  the  chairman 
of  one  of  the  newspaper  offices  that  he  had  been  insulted  by  a  member 
of  the  Union  while  in  the  pursuit  of  his  duties  as  chairman.  The 
executive  committee  at  the  May  meeting  recommended  that  said  chair- 
man be  instructed  to  fine  said  member  one  day's  pay  ($3.50),  to  be  paid 
on  or  before  the  next  regular  meeting.  It  was  provided  that  the  chair- 
man might  accept  an  apology  in  heu  of  the  fine.  The  recommendation 
of  the  committee  was  adopted,  but  the  chairman  failed  to  carry  out 
instructions. 

In  view  of  the  number  of  Italians  seeking  admission  to  the  Union, 
it  was  voted  to  add  an  Italian  member  to  the  inquiry  committee. 

The  apphcation  of  a  member  on  strike  for  permission  to  leave  the 
city  and  at  the  same  time  draw  strike  benefits  was  denied  by  the  execu- 
tive committee,  and  the  action  sustained  by  the  Union  at  the  July 
meeting. 

Resolutions  condemning  the  RepubHcan  party  for  its  failure  to  give 
a  hearing  on  the  eight-hour  proposition  submitted  at  the  1906  session  of 
the  State  Legislature,  were  passed  at  the  July  meeting.  During  the 
campaign  which  followed,  these  resolutions  were  the  subject  of  much 
newspaper  comment  and  political  oratory. 

It  was  voted  to  parade  Labor  Day,  and  a  committee  of  six  was 
appointed  with  full  power  to  make  arrangements.  It  was  also  voted 
that  all  members  not  parading  be  fined  $2.  The  names  of  those  members 
who  did  not  parade  were  read  at  the  September  meeting,  and  the  secre- 
tary was  instructed  to  collect  the  fine  provided.  At  the  meeting  held 
January  27,  1907,  the  secretary  was  again  instructed  to  collect  the  fines 
due  the  Union  from  members  who  did  not  parade  Labor  Day.  The 
fine  was  assessed  on  the  February  card,  and,  after  having  been  col- 
lected, at  the  February  meeting  the  fines  were  remitted  and  the  money 
returned  by  the  secretary. 

Organizer  Scott  was  present  at  the  August  (1906)  meeting  and 
stated  that  he  had  been  authorized  to  offer  $75  to  Providence  Union 
for  the  purpose  of  pushing  the  label  campaign.  The  gift  was  accepted 
with  thanks. 

The  Central  Trades  and  Labor  Union  delegates  were  instructed  to 
endeavor  to  have  the  Labor  Day  book  printed  in  Providence. 

Charles  H.  Lee  was  elected  delegate  to  the  State  Federation  con- 
vention. William  Carroll  and  Samuel  R.  Macready  were  elected  dele- 
gates to  attend  a  special  convention  of  the  State  Federation. 


170  PRINTERS  AND  PRINTING  IN  PROVIDENCE 

A  special  meeting  was  held  October  8,  1906.  The  meeting  was 
held  for  the  purpose  of  taking  action  on  the  following  propositions : 

"  Shall  a  local  assessment  of  three  per  cent,  be  levied  on  the  earnings  of  members 
of  Providence  Typographical  Union  for  the  purpose  of  assisting  in  financing  the  strike 
in  this  jurisdiction  ?  " 

"  Shall  Providence  Typographical  Union  endorse  the  candidacy  of  one  of  its  mem- 
bers, William  Palmer,  for  the  office  of  Secretary  of  State,  and  take  such  action  as,  in  its 
judgment,  will  best  further  the  interests  of  his  candidacy?" 

Both  propositions  were  carried  unanimously,  and  a  committee  was 
appointed  to  promote  Mr.  Palmer's  candidacy  by  securing  the  endorse- 
ment of  other  Unions.  The  three  per  cent,  assessment  was  supended 
at  the  regular  October  meeting. 

At  the  meeting  held  October  28,  a  member  of  a  committee  appointed 
at  the  September  meeting  to  sohcit  campaign  funds  to  be  used  by  the 
State  Federation  of  Labor,  related  his  experience  and  asked  that  the 
committee  be  discharged. 

Five  dollars  was  appropriated  for  the  purpose  of  establishing  an 
apprentice  column  in  the  Typographical  Journal. 

The  chairman  of  the  Journal  office  was  instructed  to  use  his  good 
offices  to  persuade  the  Journal  barber  to  join  the  Barbers'  Union,  and 
a  committee  was  appointed  to  assist  the  Stationary  Engineers  in  their 
effort  to  unionize  the  Journal  boiler  room. 

Twenty-five  dollars  was  voted  the  Lithographers'  Union  to  assist 
them  in  their  effort  for  an  eight-hour  day. 

A  communication  from  a  member  desiring  to  withdraw  from  the 
Union  was  placed  in  the  hands  of  the  strike  committee,  with  instruc- 
tions to  urge  the  member  to  consider  the  seriousness  of  his  contem- 
plated action. 

A  recess  of  45  minutes  was  taken  at  the  meeting  held  December 
30,  1906,  for  the  purpose  of  electing  officers. 

A  committee  of  four  was  appointed  at  the  December  meeting  to 
investigate  the  origin  of  several  defamatory  circulars  which  had  been 
issued  during  the  heat  of  the  campaign  for  local  Union  offices.  Imme- 
diately after  the  January  meeting,  at  which  but  one  member  of 
the  committee  was  present,  there  appeared  an  anonymous  satirical 
booklet,  comprising  about  sixteen  pages,  which  purported  to  give 
an  idea  of  the  methods  pursued  by  the  committee  in  its  investi- 
gation. Besides  the  references  to  the  committee,  the  booklet  exploited 
the  pecularities  of  a  number  of  well-known  Union  characters.  At  the 
February  meeting  the  committee  reported  its  inability  to  place  the 
responsibility  for  the  circulars,  and  asked  that  it  be  discharged,  but  was 
continued,  the  latest  publication  to  be  included  in  a  further  inquiry. 
March  31,  1907,  the  literary  sleuths  were  discharged  after  reporting 
"  non  est  inventus." 


HISTORY  OF  PROVIDENCE  TYPOGRAPHICAL  UNION  171 

At  the  meeting  held  January  27,  1907,  a  committee  was  appointed 
to  prepare  for  the  celebration  of  the  Fiftieth  Anniversary  of  Providence 
Typographical  Union,  and  the  committee  on  history  of  the  Union  was 
given  one  month  to  report  ways  and  means  for  its  publication.  At  the 
February  meeting  this  committee  presented  a  plan  of  procedure  which 
was  sanctioned  by  the  Union. 

The  International  Typographical  Union  per  capita  card  was  adopted 
at  the  January  meeting. 

At  the  February  meeting  an  invitation  to  attend  an  open  meeting 
of  the  Woman's  Auxiliary,  to  be  held  March  19,  was  accepted. 

The  executive  committee  was  instructed  to  communicate  with  the 
executive  council  of  the  Foresters  of  America  in  regard  to  using  the 
label  on  its  printing. 

The  resignation  of  Rudolph  DeLeeuw  as  treasurer  was  laid  on  the 
table.  Mr.  DeLeeuw  was  induced  to  withdraw  his  resignation,  and  is 
still  serving  the  Union  in  that  capacity. 

Delegates  previously  elected  to  the  Label  League  reported  at  the 
February  meeting,  and  at  the  March  meeting  an  assessment  of  one  cent 
per  member  was  voted  to  help  defray  the  expense  of  publishing  the 
Label  League  Bulletin. 

A  communication  from  the  State  Federation  in  regard  to  making 
election  day  a  legal  holiday,  was  endorsed  at  the  March  meeting. 

The  ball  de  luxe  of  Providence  Union  was  given  by  a  committee 
appointed  at  the  November  (1906)  meeting.  At  the  December  meeting 
this  committee  was  authorized  to  go  ahead  with  the  venture.  At  the 
Eloise  on  February  4,  1907,  at  8  o'clock  P.  M.  the  dance  was  on  to  the 
music  of  the  Standard  Union  Orchestra.  From  that  hour  until  one 
o'clock  A.  M.  about  75  couples  enjoyed  the  22  numbers  on  the  pro- 
gramme. A  quartette  composed  of  Percy  J.  Cantwell,  George  Libby, 
Thomas  Franey  and  Edward  Young  sang  several  selections  during  the 
evening.  Charles  J.  Rothemich  acted  as  floor  director,  with  Robert  E. 
Newton  as  assistant.  The  aids  were  Walter  B.  Norton,  Thomas  A. 
Scales,  Walter  B.  Davis,  Daniel  E.  Mooney,  Joseph  E.  Devenish  and  EH 
Alford.  The  committee  of  arrangements  were  Daniel  O'Connor, 
Charles  H.  Christie,  Carl  C.  Robb,  C.  J.  Rothemich,  R.  E.  Newton. 
Reception  committee,  Percy  J.  Cantwell,  Carl  C.  Robb,  Mrs.  R.  E. 
Newton  and  Mrs.  George  Clayton.  The  dances  on  the  card  were 
dedicated  to  the  different  officers  of  the  Union  and  Auxiliary  and  to 
friends  of  the  committee.  A  deficiency  of  $26.20  is  recorded  as  part  of 
the  committee's  report. 

The  application  for  an  honorable  withdrawal  card  by  a  member 
who  was  in  ill  health,  and  who  desired  to  return  to  his  native  country. 


172  PRINTERS  AND  PRINTING  IN  PROVIDENCE 

was  received  and  allowed  at  the  March  meeting.  A  testimonial  sub- 
scription was  then  headed  by  the  Union  with  a  contribution  of  $25. 

Carl  C.  Robb  and  John  P.  Dorl  were  elected  delegates  to  the  New 
England  AlUed  Printing  Trades'  convention,  to  be  held  in  Providence, 
June,  1907. 

It  was  voted  to  send  a  delegate  to  the  Hot  Springs  convention  of 
the  International  Union.  Five  candidates  were  nominated,  two  with- 
drawing before  the  day  of  election.  In  the  three-cornered  contest, 
Charles  Carroll  received  a  clear  majority  of  the  votes  cast.  The  amount 
allowed  the  delegate  for  expenses  was  $150. 

At  the  May  meeting  a  former  member  who  had  lost  his  card  by 
being  attached  to  a  local  which  had  surrendered  its  charter,  was  given 
the  floor  that  he  might  explain  the  circumstances,  after  which  he  was, 
by  vote,  admitted  to  good  standing. 

Frank  J.  Mahoney  was  elected  a  delegate  to  attend  a  meeting  of 
the  Rhode  Island  State  Branch  of  the  American  Federation  of  Labor, 
to  be  held  June  9. 

Several  sections  of  the  new  constitution  were  adopted  at  this 
meeting. 

The  celebration  of  the  Fiftieth  Anniversary  of  Providence  Typo- 
graphical Union,  which  had  been  scheduled  by  the  committee  having 
charge  of  the  matter  to  occur  during  the  week  of  the  holding  of  the 
New  England  Alhed  Printing  Trades'  convention,  lasted  three  days — 
June  10,  11,  12. 

Monday  evening,  June  10,  the  Union  tendered  an  informal  recep- 
tion to  the  delegates  to  the  New  England  AUied  Printing  Trades'  con- 
vention. Delegates  to  the  State  Branch  of  the  American  Federation  of 
Labor,  Providence  Central  Trades'  and  Labor  Union,  Providence  Build- 
ing Trades'  Council,  Providence  Allied  Printing  Trades'  Council  and  the 
Union  Label  League  were  among  the  invited  guests.  Carl  Robb,  James 
Moore  and  Robert  Hunt,  the  committee  in  charge,  had  provided  an 
abundance  of  good  things,  and  interesting  impromptu  speeches  by 
prominent  labor  men  enlivened  the  proceedings. 

Tuesday,  June  11,  the  crowning  feature  of  the  celebration,  a 
banquet  attended  by  nearly  250  printers  was  held  in  Infantry  Hall. 
On  this  occasion  also  the  delegates  to  the  New  England  Allied  Printing 
Trades'  convention  were  guests  of  Providence  Typographical  Union. 
Other  invited  guests  present  were  Mayor  P.  J.  McCarthy,  Wilfred  H. 
Munro,  President  of  the  Rhode  Island  Historical  Society  and  Professor 
of  History  of  Brown  University;  Frederick  Roy  Martin,  Frederick  H. 
Howland  and  Hon.  D.  Russell  Brown,  editors  and  publishers,  respect- 
ively, of  the  Journal  and  Bulletin,  the  Tribune  and  the  News-Democrat ; 


HISTORY  OF  PROVIDENCE  TYPOGRAPHICAL  UNION  173 

Charles  T.  Scott,  New  England  organizer  for  the  International  Union ; 
the  President  of  each  of  the  alHed  printing  trades  and  of  each  of  the 
local  central  labor  bodies,  and  Hon.  Francis  E.  Kelly  and  A.  M.  Robert- 
son, surviving  charter  members  of  1857.  Letters  of  regret,  because 
of  their  inability  to  attend,  were  received  from  President  James  M. 
Lynch,  Secretary-Treasurer  J.  W.  Bramwood,  Governor  James  H. 
Higgins,  the  Right  Rev.  Matthew  Harkins,  Bishop  of  Providence; 
the  Right  Rev.  WilHam  N.  McVickar,  Bishop  of  Rhode  Island;  the 
Rev.  W.  H.  P.  Faunce,  President  of  Brown  University;  Congressman 
D.  L.  D.  Granger  and  Samuel  Gompers. 

President  Percy  J.  Cantwell  welcomed  the  guests  and  introduced 
as  toastmaster  WilHam  Palmer.  Owing  to  Vice-President  Hays'  un- 
avoidable absence,  the  toast  assigned  to  him,  "The  International 
Typographical  Union,"  was  responded  to  by  Organizer  Scott.  When 
"  Providence  Typographical  Union  "  was  called  for,  William  J.  Meegan 
reviewed  the  history  of  Providence  Typographical  Union,  and  read 
interesting  extracts  from  its  records.  Professor  Munro,  in  an  interest- 
ing manner,  told  the  story  of  the  development  of  type  printing  from 
the  block  printing  of  playing  cards.  Henry  McMahon,  of  Boston, 
reviewed  his  experiences  as  an  organizer  in  Providence,  and  James  R. 
McGirr  responded  for  the  "  New  England  AUied  Trades."  Speaking  of 
"  Printing  in  Providence,"  WilHam  CarroH,  after  commenting  on  the 
changes  in  methods  which  had  revolutionized  the  business,  briefly 
mentioned  a  few  of  the  Rhode  Island  printers  who  had  become  famous. 
The  addresses  of  Frederick  Roy  Martin,  who  responded  for  "The 
Journal " ;  Frederick  H.  Howland,  for  "  The  Providence  Tribune," 
and  D.  Russell  Brown,  for  "The  News-Democrat,"  were  cordial  and 
congratulatory.  Edgar  0.  Beacham  had  a  word  to  say  for  "  The 
Union  Shop,"  and  Thomas  J.  Griffin,  Jr.,  of  the  Franklin  Press,  gave 
"  A  Master  Printer's  Opinion  of  the  Eight-Hour  Day."  Mayor  P.  J. 
McCarthy's  address  on  "The  Newspaper  as  a  Creator  of  Public 
Opinion  "  was,  he  said,  a  "  caref  uHy  prepared  extemporaneous  speech," 
and  throughout  his  reply  to  the  toast,  wit  was  his  master  card. 

Lateness  of  the  hour  prevented  the  completion  of  the  programme, 
which  included  addresses  by  Daniel  O'Connor,  Charles  Carroll,  Charles 
H.  Lee,  George  H.  Huston,  Samuel  R.  Macready  and  Ephraim  Harris. 

Wednesday  evening,  June  12,  the  members  of  the  Ladies'  Auxiliary 
were  entertained  at  a  complimentary  hop  given  at  the  Casino,  Roger 
WilHams'  Park. 

The  committee  having  charge  of  the  anniversary  celebration  com- 
prised the  foHowing :  Percy  J.  Cantwell,  chairman ;  EH  Alford,  secre- 
tary;  John   F.  Lennon,  treasurer;   Charles  CarroH,   William  Carroll, 


174  PRINTERS  AND  PRINTING  IN  PROVIDENCE 

Rudolph  DeLeeuw,  George  W.  Flynn,  Robert  Hunt,  Charles  H.  Lee, 
James  Moore,  Charles  J.  Rothemich,  Andrew  F.  Moran,  Daniel  O'Con- 
nor, Carl  C.  Robb  and  William  Simmonds. 

The  total  cost  of  the  celebration  was  $501.21. 

At  the  meeting  of  the  Union  held  June  30,  after  the  reports  of  the 
delegates  to  the  New  England  Allied  Trades'  convention  had  been 
received  and  upon  the  reading  of  communications  wherein  it  appeared 
that  methods  of  soliciting  advertisements  for  the  report  of  the  conven- 
tion which  were  disapproved  of  by  Providence  Typographical  Union 
had  been  used  by  a  person  claiming  to  represent  the  New  England 
Alhed  Trades,  it  was  voted  to  withdraw  from  that  body. 

At  the  same  meeting  a  communication  from  J.  J.  Dirks,  of  St. 
Louis,  in  regard  to  an  International  Typographical  Union  pension  plan, 
was  laid  over  to  some  future  meeting  for  discussion. 

Boyden  Heights  was  selected  as  the  place  for  holding  the  July 
meeting,  the  adjournment  of  the  June  meeting  marking  the  close  of 
Providence  Typographical  Union's  fiftieth  year. 


The  first  Constitution  and  By-Laws  of  Providence  Typographical 
Union,  No.  33,  was  issued  in  1857.  But  one  copy  of  this  book  is  known 
to  be  in  existence.  That  is  in  the  possession  of  William  Carroll,  who 
has  also  a  copy  of  all  subsequent  revisions,  except  that  of  1865.  Alex- 
ander M.  Robertson  possesses  the  only  copy  of  the  1865  revision.  Other 
revisions  were  issued  in  1870,  1873,  1885  and  1901.  The  1857  book  con- 
tains a  fist  of  the  members,  and  the  1865  revision  has  a  list  of  the  mem- 
bers from  1857  to  1865. 

Subordinate  Unions  connected  with  the  National  and  International 
Typographical  Union,  in  the  60's  and  70's,  issued  annual  circulars  con- 
taining a  list  of  members  and  those  members  admitted,  withdrawn  and 
expelled  during  the  year.  The  earliest  of  these  circulars  that  the 
Souvenir  Committee  has  found  was  that  of  1866.  It  found  also  copies 
of  the  1867,  1875  and  1877  circulars. 


THE  EIGHT-HOUR  DAY  AND  THE  GREAT 
STRIKE  IN   PROVIDENCE 

It  is  too  early  yet  to  write  a  history  of  the  Eight-Hour  Strike  of 
1906-7,  because  the  first  campaign  in  that  great  industrial  movement  is 
scarcely  finished ;  it  is  too  early  to  write  a  fair  story  of  twenty  months 
of  that  strike,  because  the  passions  of  the  men  engaged  in  the  struggle 
have  not  yet  cooled  sufficiently  to  render  their  perspective  clear  and 
their  opinions  of  the  relative  importance  of  things  and  events  unbiased. 
But  "  Printers  and  Printing  in  Providence,"  pubHshed  in  1907,  would 
not  be  complete  without  at  least  one  chapter  devoted  to  a  record  of 
what  has  been  one  of  the  most  momentous  events  in  the  fifty  years 
of  existence  of  Providence  Typographical  Union.  Discriminating  judg- 
ment and  sound  sense  of  proportion  are  seldom  found  upon  a  battlefield 
from  which  the  smoke  has  scarcely  fitted.  Some  time  in  the  future, 
when  the  Union  has  planned  and  executed  its  last  raid  upon  the  shop 
of  an  unfair  employer,  when  the  last  Bourbon  among  the  master 
printers  has  forsaken  his  mediaeval  idea  of  the  relation  of  master  and 
journeyman  and  has  capitulated,  when  the  Holy  Alliance  represented 
by  the  United  Typothet^  has  dissolved,  when  the  Eight-Hour  Day  and 
Union  Shop  are  universal,  when  industrial  warfare  has  passed  into 
oblivion  and  differences  are  settled  under  the  sunshine  of  arbitration 
and  concihation ;  then,  and  then  only,  can  an  authoritative  and  satis- 
factory story  of  the  strike  be  written.  In  the  joyous  day  of  industrial 
peace,  when  master  printer  and  journeyman,  grievances  and  cross- 
purposes  and  mistaken  ideas  of  separate  self-interest  no  longer  separat- 
ing them,  are  working  in  perfect  harmony  for  the  betterment  of  the 
world's  most  valued  art,  both  may  co-operate  to  record  truly  the  then 
"  late  unpleasantness." 

No  sudden  fancy,  no  wild  dream  of  power  and  mad  desire  to 
exercise  it,  no  Wind  following  of  ambitious  but  indiscreet  and  dema- 
gogic leaders,  far  too  often  causes  of  industrial  disturbances,  precipitated 
the  Eight-Hour  Strike  of  1906-7.  Fifty-five  years  of  militant  effort  to 
promote  the  welfare  of  its  members,  half  a  century  of  victories  and 
reverses,  each  teaching  its  own  lesson  and  each  marking  a  new  mile- 
stone on  the  road  of  progress,  have  chastened  the  great  International 
Typographical  Union  of  North  America,  but  find  it  still  in  the  flower 
of  vigorous  youth,  still  leading  and  pointing  out  the  way  for  other 
associations  of  labor  men.  If  diplomacy  has  succeeded  the  strike  as  an 
eif ective  method  of  securing  improvement  of  conditions  in  the  printing 


176  PRINTERS  AND  PRINTING  IN  PROVIDENCE 

trades,  and  if,  as  war  in  diplomacy,  strike  is  the  last  word  used  in  nego- 
tiations between  the  Union  and  employers,  that  is  an  indication,  not  of 
degeneracy  or  failing  strength,  but  of  conservatism,  of  calm  conscious- 
ness of  power  held  in  reserve,  with  full  realization  of  the  waste  and 
suffering  that  inevitably  attend  industrial  warfare  and  a  determination 
to  avoid  them,  if  possible.  The  great  strike  of  1906-7  in  the  book  and 
job  departments  might  have  been  averted  if  the  master  printers,  repre- 
sented by  their  most  powerful  association,  the  United  Typothetae  of 
America,  had  delved  more  deeply  into  works  on  international  law 
instead  of  wasting  their  time,  their  energy  and  their  money  on  "  flying 
squadrons"  and  other  mihtary  tactics.  Drunk  as  with  new  wine, 
deceived  by  a  sense  of  the  untried  strength  of  their  new  organization, 
encouraged  by  promises  of  assistance  and  subsidies  from  the  Citizens' 
Alliance  and  the  Manufacturers'  Association,  led  on  by  unscrupulous 
leaders  who  concealed  beneath  a  pretext  of  merely  resisting  the  en- 
croachments of  the  Union  a  desire  to  destroy  it,  the  master  printers 
gathered  their  hosts  and  went  forth  to  battle  with  ears  deaf  to  pleas 
for  calm  consideration  and  arbitration. 

The  Eight-Hour  Day  was  no  new  slogan ;  for  years  the  Interna- 
tional Typographical  Union  had  endeavored  to  establish  it  by  contract 
with  employers.  Success  had  crowned  the  Union's  effort  in  the  news- 
paper field.  The  production  of  a  printed  record  must  follow,  as  it 
cannot  precede,  the  event.  The  man  of  the  world  demands  news- 
papers containing  only  the  latest  and  freshest  and  crispest  news;  all 
else  he  regards  as  stale  and  scorns.  It  is  inevitable,  therefore,  that,  as 
it  attempts  to  cover  events  of  the  period  nearest  its  hour  of  pubhcation, 
the  modern  newspaper  shall  be  produced  in  the  shortest  period  of  time 
possible.  Thus  expediency  goes  hand  in  hand  with  the  shorter  work- 
day in  the  newspaper  office.  Typesetting  machines  and  other  improve- 
ments have  merely  made  possible  the  satisfaction  of  an  actual  demand  for 
speed.  To  the  credit  of  the  newspaper  pubhsher  be  it  said  that,  in  most 
instances,  he  has  ungrudgingly,  by  paying  better  wages  and  requiring 
shorter  hours,  shared  with  his  employes  the  increased  profits  accruing 
from  improvements.  Wise  in  his  day  and  generation,  he  has  avoided 
friction,  and  where  requests  for  changes  were  fair  has  granted  them. 
He  has  realized  the  benefits  of  industrial  peace  and  has  secured  it  by 
an  agreement  which  now  binds  the  Newspaper  Publishers'  Association, 
the  largest  employer  of  labor  in  the  world,  and  the  International 
Typographical  Union,  the  oldest  and  strongest  Union,  to  arbitrate 
all  differences. 

The  Union  never  has  seriously  combatted  the  master  printer's 
argument  that  improvement  in   the   book   and   job  departments  of 


THE  EIGHT-HOUR  DAY  177 


the  trade  has  not  been  so  rapid  as  in  the  newspaper  department;  on 
the  other  hand,  the  Union  has  recognized  a  difference  in  conditions  by 
conceding  to  book  and  job  master  printers  a  lower  scale  of  wages  than 
to  newspaper  pubHshers,  the  pubHshers  of  Providence  paying  $5  per 
week  more  per  man  than  book  and  job  proprietors.  The  principle 
involved  being  recognized  by  both  sides,  and  the  possible  difference 
of  opinion  being  actually  the  proper  monetary  measure  of  the  differ- 
ence in  conditions,  the  granting  of  the  Eight-Hour  Day,  from  this  point 
of  view,  involved  merely  the  negotiation  of  a  new  scale  if  the  prevail- 
ing scale  were  not  satisfactory  to  both  parties.  The  master  printers  of 
Providence  in  a  letter  to  Providence  Typographical  Union  in  November, 
1905,  dechned  to  consider  any  proposition  for  a  reduction  of  hours  of 
labor  which  did  not  include  a  corresponding  reduction  of  wages.  It  is 
unfortunate,  perhaps,  that  Providence  Typographical  Union  did  not  see 
its  way  clear  to  go  into  conference  on  that  basis,  but  prevaihng  opinion 
was  then,  and  is  yet,  that  the  book  and  job  scale  in  Providence,  at  $16 
per  week,  is  too  low.  Besides,  at  that  time  the  question  of  the  Union 
Shop  had  entered  into  the  controversy. 

Sudden  demands  for  increased  wages  or  for  shorter  hours  are  unjust 
to  an  employer ;  master  printers,  for  instance,  who  had  made  long-term 
contracts  on  the  basis  of  prevailing  wages  and  hours,  could  not  fulfill 
them  on  an  Eight-Hour  basis  without  pecuniary  loss.  Realizing  the 
situation,  and  with  a  view  to  giving  master  printers  ample  time  to 
prepare  for  the  change,  as  well  as  with  a  view  to  recruiting  its  strength 
for  enforcing  its  demands  if  they  were  not  granted,  the  International 
Typographical  Union  gave  at  least  eighteen  months  notice  that  it 
would  on  January  1, 1906,  demand  the  Eight-Hour  Day  for  all  its  mem- 
bers not  working  then  under  contracts  for  longer  hours.  The  conven- 
tion of  1904  voted  to  levy  an  assessment  of  one-half  of  one  per  cent,  upon 
the  wages  of  the  membership  as  a  defence  fund,  and  the  membership 
by  referendum  vote  ratified  the  assessment  and  the  date  for  inaugu- 
rating the  Eight-Hour  Day.  International  officers  were  empowered  to 
open  negotiations  with  the  United  Typothetae  of  America,  and  local 
Unions  where  contracts  expired  prior  to  the  date  named  were  in- 
structed to  make  new  contracts  only  on  an  Eight-Hour  basis  after 
January  1,  1906. 

From  the  first  the  Typothetae  were  defiant.  All  overtures  looking 
toward  negotiations  for  establishing  the  Eight-Hour  Day  were  rejected. 
The  United  Typothetae  declared  itself  inalterably  opposed  to  any  re- 
duction of  hours  from  54  per  week,  and  announced  that  it  would 
oppose  any  attempt  to  establish  a  shorter  work-day.  At  the  Toronto 
convention  of  1905  representatives  of  the  Typothetae  present  reasserted 


178  PRINTERS  AND  PRINTING  IN  PROVIDENCE 

their  intention  to  resist,  and  advised  the  International  Typographical 
Union  to  recant.  The  Toronto  convention  ratified  the  proposition  to 
enforce  the  Eight-Hour  Day,  January  1,  1906,  but  gave  the  Executive 
Council  power  and  authority  to  negotiate  an  Eight-Hour  agreement  with 
the  master  printers.  Clothed  with  this  authority,  President  James  M. 
Lynch  and  Vice-President  John  W.  Hays  visited  Niagara  Falls,  where  the 
Typothetas  met  in  1905,  and  submitted  a  proposition  that  representa- 
tives of  the  Typothetae  and  the  International  Typographical  Union 
should  in  conference  consider  an  agreement  looking  to  the  "  ultimate 
establishment  of  the  Eight-Hour  Day."  Their  proposition  was  dis- 
missed with  scant  courtesy,  and  negotiations  ceased. 

We  have  already  answered  two  reasons  assigned  by  master  printers 
for  not  conceding  the  shorter  work-day,  namely  the  differences  exist- 
ing between  conditions  in  newspaper  offices  and  those  in  the  book 
and  job  trade;  and,  secondly,  the  injustice  of  a  change  as  affecting 
contracts.  The  second,  if  ever  genuine,  ceased  to  exist  when  the 
United  Typothetae  in  convention  rejected  a  proposition  looking  to  the 
"  ultimate  estabhshment  of  the  Eight-Hour  Day."  If  time  were  needed, 
here  certainly  was  the  Typothetae's  opportunity.  Two  other  reasons 
which  master  printers  might  assign  for  refusing  to  concede  shorter 
hours,  as  they  involve  economic  principles  affecting  labor  and  capital, 
deserve  attention.  First  of  these  is  the  doctrine  that  shorter  hours, 
enforcing  idleness  of  machinery,  diminish  the  productiveness  of  capital. 
Concretely,  the  master  printer's  position  may  be  explained  by  taking, 
for  example,  a  printing  press.  Pointing  to  this  press,  the  master 
says :  "  By  enforcing  the  shorter  work-day  you  rob  me  of  1000  im- 
pressions from  that  press  to-day,  6000  impressions  this  week,  313,000 
this  year,  and  every  year  until  the  press  is  worn  out."  Estimating  the 
life  of  a  press  at  a  certain  number  of  years,  this  master  printer  can  tell 
you  just  what  the  Eight-Hour  Day  would  cost  him.  He  regards  the 
press  as  a  certain  amount  of  fixed  capital ;  he  may  tell  you  that  he  paid 
for  it  out  of  the  profits  earned  from  its  product  for  the  first  six  months 
he  owned  it.  He  does  not  know  that  each  impression  printed  on  the 
press  helps  to  pay  for  it,  and  that  unless  he  maintains  a  fund  for  repairs 
and  maintenance  and  replacement,  his  "fixed  capital"  is  gradually 
wasting  away.  His  error  consists  in  measuring  the  life  of  his  press  in 
years,  disregarding  the  plain  fact  that,  even  allowing  for  a  deterioration 
of  machinery  when  standing  idle,  the  principal  cause  of  wear  and  tear 
of  machinery  is  use.  A  press  run  six  hours  per  day  will  wear  approxi- 
mately twice  as  long  as  a  press  run  twelve  hours  per  day.  At  the  end 
of  the  first  year  under  eight  hours  the  master  printer  has  a  press 
capable  of  delivering  313,000  impressions  more  than  the  same  press 


THE  EIGHT-HOUR  DAY  179 


could  deliver  if  it  had  been  operated  nine  hours  per  day.  The  master 
printer  who  grants  the  shorter  work-day  diminishes  not  the  product- 
iveness of  his  capital,  but  merely  the  speed  at  which  profits  may  be 
earned  by  his  capital.  He  has  in  the  specific  instance  postponed  receipt 
of  the  profit  on  313,000  impressions  from  his  press.  We  have  now 
reduced  the  first  reason  to  simply  a  phase  of  the  second  reason  advanced 
by  the  master  printer,  which  is  his  "  absolute  right "  to  use  his  own  as 
he  sees  fit,  to  run  his  presses  as  many  hours  a  day  as  he  pleases,  to  turn 
over  his  capital  as  many  times  a  year  as  he  can,  to  produce  profits  as 
fast  as  he  wishes,  and  as  a  correlary  to  use  his  employes  as  many  hours 
a  day  as  he  can  get  them  to  work.  Free  and  independent,  he  denies 
the  right  of  any  man  or  any  body  of  men  to  say  that  he  shall  not  do 
all  these  things. 

Doctrines  of  political  economy  first  concretely  illuminated  and 
explained  by  John  Stuart  Mill,  brutal  and  inhuman  as  they  are,  still 
dominate  the  social  and  economic  structure  of  the  present  day,  and  are 
especially  dear  to  the  capitalist.  He  views  men  and  things  ahke  as 
instruments  which  he  may  manipulate  for  his  own  profit.  Things  he 
may  own  absolutely ;  men  he  would  own  if  he  could.  Solely  through 
Unions  have  men  avoided  a  wage  slavery  as  dejected  and  low  as  serf- 
dom. The  doctrine  that  the  best  interests  of  the  State  demand  that  no 
curb  or  limitation  shall  be  placed  upon  individual  ambition,  or  effort,  or 
rapacity,  or  upon  the  amount  of  the  world's  wealth  which  an  individual 
may  acquire  and  hold,  fundamental  in  a  system  of  poHtical  economy 
which  preaches  the  production  of  wealth  as  the  principal  aim  of  men 
and  nations,  is  still  an  unmoved  foundation-stone  in  twentieth  century 
economics.  Men  who  criticise  conditions  and  propose  as  remedies  for 
admitted  evils  of  the  present  day  changes  in  the  industrial  system,  are 
branded  as  anarchists  and  socialists,  and  such  they  are  truly  as  seen 
through  the  eyes  of  the  capitalist.  One  may  believe  that  no  better 
system  than  the  present  has  yet  been  devised,  but  if  the  existence  of 
evils  is  admitted,  and  it  is  also  known  that  those  grow  out  of  the 
present  system,  shall  he  despise  the  man  who  is  truly  trying  to  alleviate 
them  ?  Imperfect  it  may  be,  contrary  to  principles  of  political  economy, 
not  entirely  satisfactory,  subject  to  abuses,  but  the  Union  has  been 
found  to  be  and  still  is  the  only  effective  method  of  placing  the  indi- 
vidual workingman  on  a  plane  where  he  may  deal  with  his  capitalistic 
employer  on  anything  approaching  a  nearly  even  basis. 

The  journeymen  printers  of  America,  members  of  the  International 
Typographical  Union  of  North  America,  50,000  of  the  most  competent 
and  ambitious  and  enlightened  and  best-educated  workingmen  in  the 
United  States  and  Canada,  do  not  contest  the  legal  or  the  economic 


180  PRINTERS  AND  PRINTING  IN  PROVIDENCE 

right  of  any  master  printer  to  conduct  his  printing  estabhshment  as  he 
sees  fit,  to  work  it  as  many  hours  a  day  as  he  pleases,  to  reap  all  the 
profit  he  can  from  it ;  they  do  not  deny  the  right  of  any  man  to  work 
such  hours  as  he  pleases,  but  they  have  determined  that  they  will  not 
work  for  any  man  more  than  eight  hours  per  day,  and  consequently 
they  are  selling  to  employers  who  choose  to  do  business  with  them  on 
these  conditions  eight  hours  per  day,  and  they  are  doing  with  the 
remaining  sixteen  hours  what  they  please.  They  regard  the  relation- 
ship of  master  and  journeyman  as  purely  contractual  and  as  interested 
parties  to  every  contract  they  demand  a  proviso  for  eight  hours  and  no 
more.  Themselves  free  and  independent,  they  claim  an  absolute  right 
to  determine  how  many  hours  per  day  they  shall  work,  and  they  deny 
the  right  of  anybody  to  say  that  they  shall  work  more  than  eight 
hours. 

Conceding  that  the  principle  underlying  the  Trades  Union  move- 
ment may  be  contrary  to  the  economic  doctrines  of  Mill,  we  pass  over 
as  debatable  matters  requiring  for  their  demonstration  an  array  of 
figures,  facts  and  argument  too  long  for  publication  here,  reasons  for 
the  Eight-Hour  Day  based  upon  the  prosperity  of  the  country  and  the 
right  of  the  journeyman  printer  to  demand  as  one  portion  of  his  share 
of  that  prosperity  a  shorter  work-day.  One  other  reason,  paramount 
to  all  others  and  not  generally  appreciated  or  even  understood,  alone  is 
sufficient.  Printing  ordinarily  is  not  classed  as  a  hazardous  occupation 
because  violent  deaths  in  the  trade  are  not  numerous ;  and  yet  nearly 
one-third  of  deaths  among  printers  are  caused  by  diseases  of  the 
respiratory  organs  and  another  large  percentage  by  diseases  of  the 
kidneys  and  bladder.  Printing  offices,  even  the  cleanest  and  brightest 
and  most  wholesome  in  the  world,  are  unhealthy.  The  percentage  of 
apprentice  boys  forced  to  leave  the  business  with  a  trade  half  learned, 
of  young  men  forced  out  on  account  of  their  health,  is  enormous. 
Lead  dust  and  oxides  of  lead  carried  in  the  air,  shaken  from  type  cases 
and  tables  in  use,  hfted  from  the  floor  while  walking,  falling  into 
open  receptacles  for  drinking  water  or  into  drinking  water  cups,  taken 
into  the  mouth  with  drinking  water  or  from  the  fingers  while  eating 
lunch,  breathed  into  the  lungs,  absorbed  through  the  pores  of  the  skin, 
aflflict  most  printers  with  plumbaic  poisoning  and  gradually  weaken  the 
heart,  clog  up  the  pulmonary  system,  demoralize  the  stomach  and 
kidneys,  and  leave  the  printer  scarcely  able  to  withstand  the  attacks 
and  ravages  of  disease  germs.  The  only  remedy  is  a  work-day  so  short 
that  the  printer  may  find  outside  the  shop  sufficient  time  for  recreation 
by  daylight  in  which  to  recuperate  his  strength. 


ji  O    3 


THE  EIGHT-HOUR  DAY  181 


One  other  issue  was  involved  in  the  strike  of  1906-7,  and  that  is 
the  Union  Shop,  or  the  "  closed  shop"  as  the  Post  and  Parryites  choose 
to  call  it.  So  far  as  the  International  Typographical  Union  is  con- 
cerned, the  Union  Shop  means  that  in  composing  rooms  under  its  juris- 
diction no  persons  other  than  members  of  that  Union  or  apprentices  to 
the  number  allowed  by  the  Union  shall  be  employed.  On  this  restric- 
tion is  based  the  cry  of  "  labor  trust,"  shutting  out  the  "  independent " 
printer  so  dear  to  the  heart  of  the  master  printer.  But  why  demand 
or  enforce  it  ?  The  Union  Shop  has  been  well  styled  the  Union  printer's 
insurance;  it  is  designed  to  protect  him  against  the  "independent" 
printer.  It  protects  him  against  the  unfair  competition  of  the  printer 
who,  by  working  under  the  Union's  scale  of  prices,  would  lower  the 
standard  of  living  won  for  printers  by  the  Union;  it  protects  him 
against  the  underhanded  employer  who  would  undermine  that  same 
standard  by  first  replacing  Union  by  non-union  men  and  then  deahng 
with  his  employes  not  protected  by  the  Union  as  individuals,  offering 
them  contracts  for  low  wages  and  long  hours ;  it  protects  him  against 
discharge  for  whim  or  fancy  when  his  competency  and  good  workman- 
ship have  won  him  a  steady  position.  But  why,  says  the  master 
printer,  shall  I  not  buy  labor  in  the  cheapest  market,  and  why  may  I 
not  hire  whom  I  please  and  discharge  whom  I  please;  am  I  not  a 
master?  The  International  Typographical  Union  concedes  to  any 
employer  the  right  to  buy  his  labor  in  any  market  he  pleases ;  but  if  he 
finds,  as  he  inevitably  will,  that  competent  labor  in  supply  to  suit  his  de- 
mand is  found  only  within  the  Union,  then  he  must  deal  with  the  Union  ; 
and  in  deahng  with  the  Union  and  with  Union  men  he  must  surrender  his 
position  as  master  and  become  merely  a  contractor.  The  International 
Typographical  Union  offers  to  any  master  printer  who  desires  to  deal 
with  it  his  choice  of  any  one  or  more  of  its  50,000  competent  members ; 
from  these  he  may  hire  whom  he  pleases ;  but  it  insists  that  when  he 
has  hired  one  of  its  members  he  shall  pay  him  at  least  the  scale  of 
wages  determined  by  his  local  Union,  work  him  not  more  than  Eight 
Hours  per  day  under  fair  conditions,  and  that  he  shall  not  discharge 
the  man  so  hired  except  for  incompetency,  to  reduce  his  force  of  work- 
men when  business  is  slack,  or  for  violation  of  shop  rules,  which  must 
be  displayed  conspicuously.  The  Union  does  not  demand  high  wages 
for  incompetents ;  so  far  as  these  are  concerned  the  right  to  discharge 
is  absolute. 

The  question  is  often  asked,  "  What  provision  does  the  Union  Shop 
make  for  the  printer  not  a  member  of  the  Union  ?  "  None  whatever. 
The  International  Typographical  Union  does  not  concern  itself  particu- 
larly with  the  welfare  of  the  printer  outside  its  ranks.     For  fifty  years 


182  PRINTERS  AND  PRINTING  IN  PROVIDENCE 

it  has  fought  the  battle  for  him  as  well  as  for  its  members ;  for  fifty 
years  he  has  profited  by  every  improvement  in  conditions  won  by  the 
Union ;  and  yet  for  fifty  years  he  has  fought  the  great  organization 
which  has  accomplished  so  much  good  for  him ;  he  has  filled  the  places 
left  vacant  by  men  who  stopped  work  because  they  found  conditions 
intolerable ;  he  has  acted  as  a  strike  breaker ;  he  has  underbid  for  the 
place  held  by  the  Union  man.  This  is  the  type  of  man  dear  to  the 
hearts  of  the  United  Typothetae — the  man  whose  independence  they 
would  protect.  Even  at  this  hour,  the  hour  of  triumph  and  victory, 
the  International  Typographical  Union  extends  the  hand  of  fellowship 
to  him  and  bids  him  come  into  the  fold,  that  therein  he  may  learn  that 
individual  hberty  is  best  preserved  by  united  effort. 

With  these  issues,  the  Eight-Hour  Day  and  the  Union  Shop,  clearly 
defined,  the  battle  for  their  establishment  or  destruction  opened  in 
earnest  shortly  after  the  United  Typothetae  had  rejected  the  Union's 
last  proposition.  Desiring  to  precipitate  the  struggle  before  the 
Union's  preparations  were  complete,  as  well  as  to  discourage  the  Union 
by  giving  it  an  advance  sample  of  what  might  be  expected,  the  United 
Typothetae  locked  out  members  of  the  Union  in  several  cities  in 
October,  1905.  On  January  1,  1906,  members  of  the  Union  employed 
in  estabhshments  which  had  not  granted  the  Eight-Hour  Day  and 
which  were  not  covered  by  contracts  for  nine  hours  extending  beyond 
that  date,  dropped  rules  and  sticks,  folded  up  their  aprons  and  walked 
out.  Thus  was  opened  one  of  the  most  remarkable  strikes  in  the 
world's  history;  remarkable  for  the  stubbornness  and  endurance  of 
the  combatants,  for  the  loyalty  of  striking  members  of  the  Union,  for 
the  method  in  which  the  International  Typographical  Union  financed 
its  strike,  meeting  the  unlimited  resources  of  the  master  printers  and 
their  allies  with  money  contributed  by  its  loyal  working  members 
ungrudgingly.  Over  four  million  dollars  have  been  collected  and  spent 
by  the  International  Typographical  Union  in  its  fight  for  the  Eight- 
Hour  Day,  and  the  battle  has  been  won. 

Few  members  of  Providence  Typographical  Union  will  ever  forget 
the  meeting  of  the  Union  held  December  31, 1905.  The  largest  attend- 
ance in  years  was  present ;  and  when  every  chair  had  been  filled,  late 
arrivals  lined  the  walls  of  the  hall.  The  Union  was  on  the  eve  of  a 
great  battle  for  a  principle  which  had  been  agitated  for  forty  years  or 
more.  In  1865  delegates  had  been  elected  to  a  trades  assembly,  which 
organized  an  Eight-Hour  League.  The  reports  of  these  delegates,  P. 
A.  McDonald  and  Daniel  Sherman,  and  a  letter  written  by  John  A. 
Lonsdale,  then  a  young  and  active  member  of  the  Union,  show  that 
the  league  flourished  for  a  time,  though  otherwise  its  career  is  lost  to 


THE  EIGHT-HOUR  DAY  183 


history.  When  routine  business  had  been  disposed  of  in  a  methodical 
manner  and  final  instructions  from  International  headquarters  had  been 
read,  the  motion  to  strike  on  the  morrow  was  carried  almost  unani- 
mously, the  result  of  the  vote  being  received  with  vigorous  applause. 
Forty  of  forty-seven  members  of  the  Union  working  in  shops  which  had 
refused  to  grant  the  Eight-Hour  Day  obeyed  the  strike  order,  and  three 
men  not  members  and  five  apprentices  joined  the  strikers  on  the  first 
day.  The  strikers  organized  immediately  with  Edward  LesHe  Pike  as 
chairman,  Charles  R.  Christie  as  secretary,  and  Maurice  E.  Hughes  as 
treasurer.  When  the  gravity  of  the  situation  was  fully  realized, 
President  Daniel  O'Connor  took  charge  of  the  strike,  succeeding  Brother 
Pike  as  chairman.  A  hall  for  meetings  of  the  strikers  was  secured, 
committees  were  appointed  and  siege  was  laid  to  the  struck  shops, 
pickets  being  placed  with  instructions  to  attempt  by  peaceable  persua- 
sion to  induce  the  men  who  had  remained  at  work  to  join  the  Union, 
and  to  head  off  strike-breakers  who  might  be  brought  to  Providence 
from  other  cities.  Ten  shops,  among  them  the  largest  in  the  city,  were 
aif ected  on  the  first  day ;  subsequently  five  others  were  added  to  the 
unfair  fist  as  the  strike  extended  and  men  not  previously  members  of 
the  Union  enlisted  in  the  movement  for  shorter  hours.  Eleven  proprie- 
tors granted  the  Eight-Hour  Day,  and  four  others  have  since  been 
added  to  the  fair  list,  one  after  a  three-months  strike  early  in  1907. 
Most  of  the  Union  shops  were  small  establishments  when  the  strike 
started ;  all  have  grown  and  flourished  as  the  demand  for  the  label  has 
been  created  and  nourished  by  the  efforts  of  the  strikers ;  so  that  at 
the  present  time,  September,  1907,  the  number  of  members  of  the 
Union  working  eight  hours  per  day  in  job  shops  is  just  double  what  it 
was  January  1,  1906. 

Within  a  few  days  after  its  inauguration  the  strike  settled  down  to 
a  monotonous  routine  of  daily  meetings,  picketing,  persuading  strike- 
breakers, distributing  Union  literature  and  booming  the  Union  label. 
Important  incidents  of  the  first  month  were  an  unsuccessful  attempt  of 
the  master  printers  to  coerce  the  striking  apprentices  to  return  to  work 
by  threats  of  lawsuits,  and  an  unsuccessful  attempt  to  introduce  into 
the  struck  shops  boys  from  the  Reform  School  at  Sockanosset.  Percy 
J.  Cantwell  succeeded  Daniel  O'Connor  as  chairman  of  the  strikers  early 
in  March,  and  when  Charles  R.  Christie  found  employment  the  oflfices 
of  secretary  and  treasurer  were  combined.  Treasurer  M.  E.  Hughes 
holding  both.  Organizer  Charles  T.  Scott  being  seriously  ill  at  this 
time,  Providence  and  all  New  England  was  deprived  of  the  benefit  of 
his  energetic  services.  Vice-President  John  W.  Hays  of  the  Interna- 
tional Union  visited  the  city  in  March,  canvassed  the  local  situation 


184  PRINTERS  AND  PRINTING  IN  PROVIDENCE 

thoroughly,  reported  to  headquarters  that  the  strike  in  Providence 
was  being  handled  in  a  satisfactory  manner  and  recommended  that  the 
International  Typographical  Union  render  to  Providence  Typographical 
Union  further  financial  assistance.  In  accordance  with  his  recom- 
mendation, the  proceeds  of  the  ten  per  cent,  assessment  then  being 
collected  were  retained  and  spent  in  Providence  for  strike  purposes, 
the  International  Typographical  Union  paying  the  benefits  provided 
for  by  the  international  constitution  in  addition.  Mr.  Hays  also  ad- 
dressed a  meeting  called  for  the  purpose  of  presenting  to  the  public 
the  strikers'  side  of  the  Eight-Hour  question.  An  attempt  to  open  up 
negotiations  with  the  master  printers  failed,  their  answer  to  the  Union's 
overtures  being  that  they  had  nothing  to  arbitrate  and  did  not  desire  a 
conference.  Throughout  this  period  the  Union  pickets  were  successful 
in  turning  away  many  strike-breakers,  the  struck  shops  never  being 
allowed  to  increase  their  forces  beyond  the  number  of  men  at  work 
January  1, 1906. 

Chairman  Cantwell  resigned  in  April  to  assume  charge  of  the 
Whitney  Press  and  Charles  H.  Lee  was  appointed  chairman  to  succeed 
him.  Missionary  efforts  among  strike-breakers  and  men  still  in  the 
shops  proved  very  successful;  several  of  the  best  men  remaining  at 
work  joined  the  strikers.  Thoroughly  aroused,  the  master  printers 
determined  to  make  an  effort  to  break  the  strike  by  importing  enough 
men  to  fill  all  places.  A  representative  was  sent  through  northern 
New  Hampshire  and  Vermont  to  enlist  the  services  of  country  printers 
ignorant  of  the  real  situation.  He  was  followed  by  a  representative  of 
the  Union,  who  gave  close  pursuit  and  undid  the  work  of  the  Typo- 
thetae  agent  by  explaining  to  the  countrymen  the  real  purpose  for 
which  they  were  being  hired.  In  Canada  advertisements  for  printers 
were  inserted  in  newspapers.  On  the  date  set  for  the  arrival  of  the 
army  of  strike-breakers,  the  representative  of  the  master  printers  was 
followed  to  Boston  by  three  representatives  of  the  Union,  who  con- 
fronted him  as  he  stood  dumbfounded  in  the  north  terminal  station, 
surprised  and  disappointed  at  the  non-arrival  of  his  cohorts.  Explana- 
tions were  exchanged,  and  an  acquaintanceship  was  established  which 
in  a  few  weeks  bore  fruit,  for  the  Typothetae  agent  and  the  woman 
who  alone  of  all  those  whom  he  had  visited  came  to  Providence,  both 
joined  the  Union.  This  expedition  cost  the  master  printers  of  Provi- 
dence nearly  $1000.  Thereafter  strike-breakers  came  to  town  individ- 
ually or  in  pairs,  sent  forward  by  agents  in  New  York  or  Boston. 
Many  were  not  printers  at  all,  but  sought  to  extort  money  from 
masters  and  Union  alike;  a  few  succeeded,  but  a  great  many  were 
turned  away  in  short  order.  The  Union  continued  its  successes  in 
winning  over  the  real  printers. 


THE  EIGHT-HOUR  DAY  185 


July  4,  1906,  the  Morning  Tribune  made  its  first  bow  to  an  expect- 
ant public.    This  new  publication  offered  many  situations,  which  were 
filled  by  strikers,  and  the  Daily  Journal,  which  increased  its  working 
force  in  order  to  meet  the  rivalry  of  the  Tribune,  took  a  few  more  off 
the  list.    The  burden  which  the  Union  had  been  carrying  was  reheved, 
but  the  esprit  de  corps  of  the  strikers  was  weakened,  many  .active 
workers  in  the  cause  being  thus  drawn  into  another  field.    The  strikers 
have  been  cheerful  and  contented  throughout  the  struggle.    In  the  sum- 
mer of  1906  a  base  ball  team  was  organized  and  had  a  very  successful  sea- 
son.   An  outing  at  Emery  Park  was  also  thoroughly  enjoyed.    In  Octo- 
ber, 1906,  the  master  printers  again  refused  to  enter  a  conference.   There 
has  been  little  out  of  the  ordinary  in  recent  months.    The  strike  has 
been  quietly  conducted,  without  violence  or  a  poHce  record.    The  efforts 
of  the  strike  committee  have  been  devoted  to  finding  positions  for  men 
carried  on  the  rehef  roll,  to  missionary  work  among  printers  not  mem- 
bers of  the  Union  and  to  booming  the  Union  label.    The  energy  put 
into  the  label  campaign  has  borne  direct  fruit  in  a  large  volume  of 
business  diverted  from  struck  shops  into  Union  offices.    A  few  members 
realized  at  the  start  of  the  strike  that  while  a  strike  might  prove  suc- 
cessful temporarily,  permanent  success  must  depend  upon  an  actual 
demand  for  the  products  of  Union  labor,  evidenced  by  calls  for  the 
label  on  printed  matter.    Prominent  in  this  work  was  John  S.  Houle. 
Almost  alone  he  secured  hundreds  of  signatures  to  agreements  to  insist 
upon  use  of  the  label,  and  he  published  two  editions  of  the  Union 
Man's  Reference  Guide,  a  classified  list  of  merchants  and  business  men 
who  had  signed  agreements.     When  Mr.  Houle  left  Providence  to  seek 
work  in  New  York,  the  Guide  was  abandoned,  the  Bulletin  of  the  Union 
Label  League  taking  up  the  work  in  a  broader  manner.    The  label 
committee  has  distributed  thousands  of  stickers  for  use  on  printed 
matter  issued  without  the  label.    These  have  been  placed  in  the  hands 
of  friends  of  the  movement,  and  their  general  and  effective  use  has 
been  demonstrated  by  many  calls  for  explanations,  which  when  given 
have  won  over  many  an  advertiser.    In  several  instances  thousands  of 
circulars  or  advertising  cards  have  been  destroyed  and  new  ones  with 
the  label  ordered.    Nearly  20,000  blotters,  showing  the  Union  Printers' 
Home  and  requesting  support  for  it  through  use  of  the  label,  have  been 
placed  on  the  desks  of  business  men.     Cards  and  folders  attractively 
gotten  up  have  been  distributed,  and  the  label  has  been  advertised  in 
various  Union  publications.    An  increase  in  the  amount  of  advertising 
matter  with  the  label  now  in  circulation  testifies  to  results.    Three 
theatre  programmes  now  bear  the  label,  and  the  oflicial  score  card  of 
the  Providence  Base  Ball  Club  is  fair  this  year.    In  1906  the  privilege 


186  PRINTERS  AND  PRINTING  IN  PROVIDENCE 

of  selling  score  cards  was  sold  to  a  notorious  foe  of  Union  labor,  and 
efforts  to  persuade  him  to  use  the  label  failed.  Finally  the  Union 
entered  the  field  and  published  a  score  card  of  its  own,  which  drove  the 
"  oflftcial "  card  out  of  the  market.  One  other  signal  success  crowns 
the  efforts  of  the  label  committee.  Providence  Lodge  of  Elks,  said  to 
be  the.  first  organization  of  the  B.  P.  0.  E.  to  take  the  step,  has  ordered 
the  label  on  all  printed  matter  handled  or  issued  by  its  committees. 
Vice-President  John  W.  Hays,  who  made  a  flying  trip  to  Providence  at 
the  request  of  the  Union,  deserves  the  greatest  share  of  credit  for  this 
accomplishment . 

Of  48  original  strikers  12  still  remain  on  the  strike  roll.  From  a 
maximum  of  80,  the  relief  roll,  which  contains  the  names  of  over  100 
men  and  women,  has  been  reduced  to  28.  Beginning  vdth  the  first 
week  of  the  strike,  $5  per  week  was  paid  to  single  and  $7  per  week  to 
married  men.  In  February  an  extra  benefit  of  $2  per  week  for 
single  and  $3  per  week  for  married  men  was  authorized.  In  addition 
special  assistance  was  rendered  in  cases  where  the  needs  of  the  strikers 
were  apparent,  a  relief  committee  taking  care  that  nobody  suffered 
actual  want.  Up  to  September  7,  1907,  $36,061.12  had  been  paid  to 
strikers  as  benefits  or  special  assistance.  Total  strike  expenses  had  been 
$41,877.40,  the  remaining  $5816.18  having  been  expended  as  follows: 
For  transportation  of  men  leaving  town,  including  bonuses  paid  strike- 
breakers induced  to  go  away,  $1307.36 ;  for  picket  expenses  of  all  kinds, 
including  money  paid  directly  to  strike  pickets  for  special  service  and 
the  expenses  of  men  sent  out  of  town  on  special  picket  duty  or  to  inter- 
cept strike-breakers,  $965.37;  for  rent  of  headquarters,  including  all 
rooms  used  for  strike  purposes,  $482.75;  for  printing  and  postage, 
including  all  sums  applied  directly  to  booming  the  label,  $884.93 ;  for 
salaries  of  strike  officials,  $1404.90 ;  for  miscellaneous  expenses,  $770.87. 
Strike  expenses  have  been  gradually  reduced  from  a  maximum  at  some 
periods  of  $700  per  week  to  less  than  $200.  It  is  pleasing  to  note  that 
all  the  strike  money  has  been  collected  and  spent  without  a  breath  of 
scandal  or  suspicion  of  graft  or  dishonesty.  The  strike  committee  and 
financial  officers  have  at  all  times  enjoyed  the  utmost  respect  and  the 
complete  confidence  of  the  members  of  the  Union.  Reports  have  been 
carefully  audited,  and  the  record  books  are  complete  and  in  splendid 
condition.  Determined  efforts  have  been  made  to  conduct  the  strike 
economically  and  to  keep  the  benefit  rolls  free  from  the  names  of  men 
which  ought  not  to  be  there. 

In  other  jurisdictions  the  fight  for  the  Eight-Hour  Day  and  Union 
Shop  has  been  more  successful  than  in  Providence.  Four  hundred 
Unions  have  the  Eight-Hour  Day,  and  an  army  of  10,000  strikers  has 


THE  EIGHT-HOUR  DAY  187 


been  reduced  to  less  than  1000.  The  gradual  reduction  in  the  amount 
of  the  assessment  collected  for  strike  purposes  is  good  evidence  of 
progress.  The  one-half  of  one  per  cent,  assessment  levied  under  author- 
ity of  the  referendum  of  1904  was  succeeded  in  October,  1905,  by  a 
50-cent  per  week  per  capita  assessment.  January  1,  1906,  the  assess- 
ment, by  authority  of  another  referendum,  was  made  10  per  cent,  of 
earnings.  This  assessment  was  reduced  to  7  per  cent,  in  October,  1906 ; 
to  5  per  cent,  in  December,  1906 ;  to  3  per  cent,  in  February,  1907,  and 
to  2  per  cent,  in  March,  1907.  The  proceeds  of  the  various  assessments 
colletced  in  Providence  have  been : 

One-half  of  one  per  cent,  assessment $633  96 

Fifty-cent  assessment.   668  00 

Fifty-cent  assessment,  paid  for  members  out  of  work 36  50 

Ten  per  cent,  assessment   12,162  67 

Seven  per  cent,  assessment 1,541  56 

Five  per  cent,  assessment 1,888  50 

Three  per  cent,  assessment 399  82 

Two  per  cent,  assessment  (to  Sept.  1,  1907) 1,755  19 

Total $19,086  20 

In  addition  members  of  the  Union  have  paid  two  local  assessments, 
one  of  50  cents  per  week  during  December,  1905,  and  the  other  of  3 
per  cent,  of  earnings  during  October,  1906.  These  assessments  netted : 
50-cent  assessment,  $329 ;  3  per  cent,  assessment,  $317.37 ;  a  total  of 
$646.37. 

September  1,  1907,  find  the  Eight-Hour  Day  won.  The  Interna- 
tional Typographical  Union  at  its  convention  in  August,  1907,  dis- 
charged its  Eight-Hour  Committee  and  turned  over  to  the  Executive 
Council  the  task  of  winding  up  the  strike.  It  is  proposed  to  transfer 
strikers  still  unemployed  to  centres  where  the  demand  for  labor  now 
exceeds  the  supply,  to  encourage  strikers  to  learn  to  operate  type- 
setting machines  and  to  render  assistance  to  men  to  whom  the  Union 
still  owes  a  duty  because  of  the  sacrifices  which  they  have  made  for 
the  benefit  of  their  fellow  men.  In  cities  Hke  Providence,  where  the 
fight  is  still  on,  there  is  to  be  no  diminution  of  activity,  the  methods  to 
be  pursued  for  the  present  being  continued  missionary  work  among 
non-union  men  and  agitation  for  the  use  of  the  label,  the  local  label 
campaign  to  be  supplemented  by  an  international  label  campaign. 

A  magnificent  victory  has  been  won.  The  close  of  the  first  cam- 
paign finds  the  United  Typothetae  in  full  retreat,  demoralized  and  dis- 
organized. Only  30  delegates  attended  its  September,  1907,  meeting  at 
Niagara  Falls,  "  a  disconsolate,  disgusted  and  utterly  routed  relic  of  a 
once   great  organization."      The   International  Typographical   Union 


188  PRINTERS  AND  PRINTING  IN  PROVIDENCE 

stands  triumphant;  it  has  demonstrated  that  Citizens'  Alliance  and 
Manufacturers'  Association  cannot  crush  united  labor.  Standing  in 
the  present,  gazing  through  a  rift  in  the  mist-hke  veil  which  conceals 
the  future,  with  a  full  knowledge  of  the  past  to  clarify  our  vision,  we 
behold  printed  in  letters  of  light  across  the  heavens  this  glorious 
sentiment : 

"Sitbrrta  aub  Huion,  nnr  aub  inar;iarablr,  nava  mib  fnrrurr/' 


And  the  man  who  printed  it  there  did  not  forget  to  place  under  it  the 
label  of  the  grand  old  International  Typographical  Union  of  North 
America. 


An4oineHeillieurer^|;      Edward  l.An.geU, 
"FrencKy"  ~  "  Uncle  Ned. 


THE  BOOK  AND  JOB  SECTION 

In  the  first  seventy  years  of  printing  in  Providence  the  wooden 
frame  and  stone  bed  of  the  hand-press  were  changed  to  iron.  The 
composition  roller  superseded  the  ink  ball.  These  were  the  important 
improvements  in  the  materials  for  carrying  on  the  business.  Book  and 
job  work  was  probably  more  profitable  than  publishing  a  newspaper. 
The  latter  occupation  called  for  a  certain  expenditure,  regardless  of 
receipts,  while  activity  in  the  former  was  regulated  by  actual  business 
demands.  After  the  first  makes  of  the  Adams'  and  Ruggles'  presses 
were  introduced,  the  possibility  of  profits  from  the  business  became 
more  certain  and  the  one-man  plants  began  to  give  way  to  larger  print- 
ing offices.    The  sketches  following  cover  the  period  of  evolution. 

Albert  N.  Angell  worked  continuously  at  printing  for  more  than 
60  years,  beginning  his  apprenticeship  April  3,  1839,  in  the  job  printing 
oflfice  of  Knowles  &  Vose.  His  wages  for  the  first  year  were  $30  and 
board,  for  the  second  year  $40,  the  third  year  $50,  and  the  fourth  and 
last  year  $100.  On  the  anniversary  of  his  golden  wedding,  July  16, 
1899,  he  told  some  of  his  experiences : 

"  He  went  to  board  with  Mr.  Vose,  but,  unlike  apprentices  in  country  offices  at  that 
time,  he  was  not  obliged  to  take  care  of  a  horse  and  cow  or  run  on  errands  for  his 
master's  family. 

"  He  learned  about  '  strap  oil,'  and  '  type  lice,'  and  '  round  squares,'  and  how  to 
'  jeff. '  He  washed  rollers  and  built  fires,  and  rolled  for  the  hand-press,  and  boiled  the 
glue  and  molasses  to  make  rollers,  and  picked  up  type  under  the  printers'  cases,  when 
he  swept  out,  and  swept  up  pi,  and  made  his  share  of  it.  Incidentally  he  learned  a  little 
about  typesetting.  After  doing  the  general  work  just  described  for  several  months, 
young  Angell  asked  to  be  put  on  the  case,  and  he  was  sent  to  the  newspaper  composing 
room  on  Market  square.  Here  he  soon  became  proficient  at  the  case,  and  he  did  news- 
paper work  most  of  the  time  during  the  rest  of  his  apprenticeship.  After  he  had  finished 
his  trade  he  worked  by  the  piece  as  a  journeyman  printer.  During  his  apprenticeship, 
after  working  his  allotted  ten  hours,  he  often  had  an  opportunity  to  work  overtime,  for 
which  he  was  paid  the  regular  price — 20  cents  per  1000  ems.  In  this  way  he  earned  con- 
siderable money,  and  had  saved  enough  soon  after  he  became  a  journeyman  to  purchase 
an  eighth  interest  in  the  job  office. 

"  The  gas  works  had  not  begun  business  in  1839,  and  the  printers,  when  working 
nights,  used  the  old-fashioned  '  petticoat '  oil  lamps.  Each  printer  had  two— one  each  in 
his  'c'  and  's'  boxes — but  the  light  afforded  was  so  poor  that  it  was  difficult  to  set  rnore 
than  500  ems  an  hour  by  them.  There  were  no  sewers  at  that  time,  and  the  apprentices 
took  the  dirty  water  from  the  office  sinks  in  pails,  which  they  emptied  in  the  middle  of 
the  street. 

"  After  Mr.  Vose's  death  in  1847,  his  partner  in  the  job  printing  business,  Joseph 
Knowles,  soon  divided  the  property  into  eight  shares,  and,  retaining  one  share,  sold  the 
other  seven.  Among  the  purchasers  were  Senator  Anthony,  Charles  J.  Wheeler,  John  W. 
Angell,  John  S.  Sibley,  Samuel  M.  Millard,  Josiah  Jones  and  John  S.  Hammond.  Some  of 
the  partners  soon  disposed  of  their  shares  and  E.  L.  Freeman  and  James  A.  Reid  were 
among  the  purchasers  of  them. 

"  Mr.  Angell  bought  the  two  shares  of  Mr.  Millard,  and  afterwards  purchased,  one  by 
one,  the  shares  of  the  others,  until,  in  1868,  he  was  sole  proprietor.  Meantime  he  retained 
his  'frame'  in  the  Journal  composing  room,  and  when  he  finally  retired  he  had  done 
continuous  work  upon  the  paper  29  years. 


190  PRINTERS  AND   PRINTING  IN  PROVIDENCE 


"  Under  Mr.  Angell's  management  the  job  office  did  the  State  printing  one  year  and 
the  city  printing  for  13  consecutive  years.  It  did  a  large  general  business,  at  one  time 
eight  papers,  whose  publishers  could  not  afford  to  own  their  plants,  were  issued  from  the 
office.  The  printing  of  the  courts  was  done  there  to  a  large  extent.  He  disposed  of  the 
business  in  1887." 

The  condition  of  the  job  printing  business  in  Providence  about 
1840  is  described  by  B.  W.  Pearce,  who  came  to  the  city  from  Fall 
River  in  1837  to  finish  learning  his  trade.  In  a  talk  before  the  South- 
ern Rhode  Island  Press  Club,  September  2, 1895,  he  told  of  his  impres- 
sions of  that  period : 

"  In  August,  1837,  I  entered  with  Knowles  &  Vose,  to  '  finish  my  trade '  at  $3  a  week. 
That  firm  then  had  the  contract  for  printing  for  the  Rhode  Island  school  fund  lottery, 
and  employed  eight  or  ten  hands  in  the  work.  Finding  that  I  was  handy  at  press  work, 
doing  my  token  and  a  half  an  hour,  they  decided  to  teach  me  that  branch  of  the  business, 
and  kept  me  steady  at  it  for  six  months,  during  which  time  I  did  not  set  a  line  of  type 
or  do  anything  else  but  swing  the  old  hand-press.  In  an  interview  with  Mr.  Vose  he  told 
me  the  firm  had  no  intention  of  teaching  me  any  other  part  of  the  business,  and  I  there- 
upon resigned  my  situation. 

"  The  office  of  Knowles  &  Vose  was  then  the  leading  one  in  the  town.  It  was 
located  in  the  southeast  corner  of  the  Granite  building,  on  Market  square  and  North 
Main  street,  of  which  it  occupied  a  portion  of  three  stories.  Aside  from  the  work  for 
the  lottery  its  business  was  small.  Mr.  Knowles  did  about  all  the  job  printing  that  came 
in,  and  he  did  not  half  work  at  that.  He  occupied  a  room  about  16x20,  in  which  were 
some  fonts  of  type,  a  stone  and  a  hand-press.  It  was  the  first  office  in  Rhode  Island  to 
introduce  bronze  printing  the  method  of  doing  which  was  for  a  long  time  a  secret  with 
that  firm. 

"  The  other  job  printing  offices  in  the  city  were  run  by  Barzillia  Cranston,  in  the 
Granite  building ;  H.  H.  Brown,  in  an  attic  on  the  corner  of  South  Main  street  and  Market 
square  ;  the  Republican  Herald,  15  Market  square,  and  B.  T.  Albro,  on  the  comer  of  North 
Main  and  Meeting  streets.  Neither  Mr.  Brown  nor  Mr.  Albro  had  facilities  for  printing 
anything  more  elaborate  than  an  auction  bill  or  a  pamphlet.  All  the  work,  even  to  a 
single  line  visiting  card,  was  done  on  hand  presses. 

"  About  1842  Knowles  &  Vose  got  the  exclusive  right  for  Rhode  Island  for  ten  years 
to  use  one  of  the  new  Ruggles'  job  presses,  paying  $1000  for  the  privilege.  This  press 
would  print  800  to  1000  impressions  an  hour,  while  200  to  250  was  the  usual  rate  of  the 
hand-press.  This  monopoly  was  maintained  for  nine  years,  when  Ruggles  could  stand  it 
no  longer,  paid  back  the  $1000  and  left  the  press  with  the  firm. 

"  Benjamin  F.  Moore,  an  accomplished  printer,  about  1841,  got  together  an  establish- 
ment of  entirely  new  material,  embracing  all  the  lastest  styles  of  type,  and  opened  an 
office  on  Westminster  street,  below  the  Arcade  on  the  opposite  side.  He  turned  out  some 
verj'  handsome  jobs,  employing  three  or  four  hands." 

The  What  Cheer  Printing  office  traces  its  origin  to  the  business 
established  in  1856  by  Pierce  &  Berry  (Robert  A.  Pierce  and  WilHam  H. 
Berry),  at  36  Westminster  street,  in  the  second  story  of  the  building 
known  as  the  Barton  Block.  Pierce  &  Budlong  (Martin  H.  Budlong) 
succeeded  them  in  1860,  and  carried  on  the  business  at  the  same  loca- 
tion until  1870,  when  Martin  S.  Budlong  became  agent,  serving  until 
1875.  While  under  his  management  the  office  was  removed  to  the 
Penholder  Building,  corner  Dorrance  and  Friendship  streets.  Lester  E. 
Ross  was  the  proprietor  from  1875  to  1877.  Porthouse  &  Carleton 
purchased  the  office  in  March,  1877,  removing  it  to  No.  125  Broad 
street.  It  continued  under  this  management  until  1880,  when  0.  A. 
Carleton  &  Co.  became  proprietors.    The  entire  second  floor  of  the 


THE  BOOK  AND  JOB  SECTION 


191 


Amasa  Mason  Block,  No.  129  and  131  Eddy  street,  opposite  the  Narra- 
gansett  Hotel,  was  then  leased  and  fitted  up  expressly  for  the  new 
establishment,  which  became  the  principal  office  for  poster  work  in  the 
city,  although  the  business  was  not  confined  to  that  particular  branch. 
The  office  again  removed  in  1892  to  the  building  corner  Pine  and  Eddy 
streets.  Since  the  office  was  first  estabHshed  it  has  absorbed  several 
smaller  plants,  among  them,  in  1864,  William  Maxfield's  outfit ;  in  1872, 
the  "Weekly  Review";  in  1873,  the  "The  Voice  of  the  Truth";  in 
1875,  "  The  Sun  " ;  in  1877,  Porthouse  &  Carleton's  job  printing  office ; 
in  1880,  Sweet  &  Porthouse's  show  printing  office,  and  also  W.  N.  Sher- 
man's job  printing  office  in  East  Greenwich. 

James  A.  Reid,  long  a  master 
printer  of  Providence,  tells  of  the 
office  of  A.  Crawford  Greene,  where 
he  finished  his  apprenticeship, 
when  he  came  from  Bristol  in  1862 : 

"  The  office  was  at  that  time  located 
on  Canal  street,  near  Meeting,  in  a  brick 
building  partially  occupied  by  the  Gorham 
Manufacturing  Company.  It  had  in  its 
equipment  several  of  the  famous  old  Adams' 
book  presses,  a  number  of  jobbers,  a  little 
quarter-sheet,  and  a  great  big  hand-press, 
which  would  take  a  sheet  of  29x42  dimen- 
sions. There  was  a  standing  press  of  large 
size  to  do  the  dry  pressing  of  the  book  work, 
a  good  assortment  of  wood  type  for  posters 
and  handbills,  plenty  of  body  type  for  book 
work,  and  a  generous  variety  of  display 
type  for  job  work  and  the  advertisements 
on  the  weekly  papers  of  which  the  office 
made  a  specialty. 

"  Of  '  pi '  there  seemed  to  be  no  end 
at  any  time,  and  in  discontinuing  about 
this  time  The  Daily  Transcript,  the  impos- 
ing stones  were  almost  covered  with  these 
evidences  of  its  demise.  My  induction  into 
the  office  was  in  the  capacity  of  pi-dis- 
tributor and  devil-in-general.  Having  an 
ambitious  tendency  and  a  fair  capacity  for 
picking  up  the  points  of  the  trade,  I  was 
soon  put  to  'sticking'  type,  and  brought  into  personal  contact  with  Colonel  Greene,  who 
'  was  all  over  the  office,'  showing  the  diversity  of  his  trade  knowledge  and  the  versa- 
tility of  his  talent. 

"  He  had  established  the  office  in  1845,  when  he  was  21  years  old.  When  I  joined 
the  force  in  1862,  there  were  a  number  of  pretty  good  men  and  women  there,  who  have 
been  more  or  less  conspicuous  in  the  typographical  life  of  Providence.  Among  them 
were  Major  William  Macpherson,  Colonel  James  Moran,  '  Mike '  Mullaly  ( the  foreman  ), 
George  J.  West,  Alexander  and  Frederick  Niger  and  Charles  Burrill  (three  colored  com- 
positors ),  Daniel  and  Joseph  Farnham,  occasionally  '  Jim '  Williamson,  Henry  Murray, 
'  Steve '  Tillinghast,  Alfred  M.  Pease  and  '  Pat '  Fanning.  Oscar  A.  Carleton  had  charge 
in  the  counting  room. 

"Colonel  Greene  would  tackle  anything  which  came  along— a  three-sheet  poster, 
the  State  printing,  20,000  or  100,000  circulars,  a  whole  newspaper,  or  a  visiting  card  of 
the  daintiest  style  then  in  vogue — quite  a  school  for  a  young  printer,  and,  with  all  its 
faults,  a  good  office. 


A.  CRAWFORD   GREENE 


192 


PRINTERS  AND  PRINTING  IN  PROVIDENCE 


"  The  establishment  was  removed  to  Railroad  Hall,  over  the  old  station,  in  1865.  It 
was  roomy,  overlooked  the  old  '  cove,'  and  made  a  fine  home  for  the  rejuvenated  print 
shop." 

Alexander  M.  Robertson  describes  the  composing  of  the  Adjutant 
General's  Report  of  1865  in  the  book  room  of  the  Providence  Press  Co. : 

"It  was  in  the  spring  of  1866,  during  the  latter  part  of  the  administration  of  James 
Y.  Smith,  and  General  Burnside's  administration  was  to  follow.  It  was  a  race  against 
time,  to  complete  the  work  during  the  Smith  administration,  so  that  it  would  have  the 
credit  for  the  important  work,  and  Henri  Crandall,  the  Adjutant  General,  from  whose 
office  it  was  issued,  had  an  ambition  to  be  its  distributor.     The  main  body  of  the  work 

fills  832  pp.;  introductory'  pp.,  42;  total,  874  pp. 
It  consists  of  sketches  of  each  regiment  fol- 
lowed by  the  name  of  each  officer  and  member 
and  his  military  record  in  tabular  form.  The 
sketches  are  set  in  small  pica  size  type  and  the 
tables,  four  columns,  in  brevier.  In  the  first 
100  pages  of  the  body  of  the  work  there  are 
86  pp.  of  tabular  matter  to  14  pp.  of  sketch 
matter,  and  this  was  about  the  proportion 
throughout.  It  may  be  inferred  that  the  whole 
book  was  no  fool  of  a  job  to  hurry  out  in  a 
Providence  printing  office  40  years  ago. 
During  the  latter  part  of  the  time,  when  we 
had  got  into  full  swing,  six  or  seven  men 
worked  on  it  about  14  hours  a  day.  The  col- 
umns of  tables  were  set  with  temporary  leads 
or  rules  between  by  the  compositor,  and  I  had 
the  full  make-up  to  attend  to,  breaking  the 
matter  into  pages  and  putting  in  the  right- 
sized  rules,  and  imposing  and  getting  ready 
for  the  press,  and  giving  out  the  copy.  Two 
editions  were  printed,  a  small  paper  edition  on 
white  paper,  printed  eight  pages  and  turned; 
and  a  larger  page  on  tinted  paper.  Both  of 
these  were  from  the  same  size  type-page — the 
size  of  paper  only  varied.  Halving  the  eight 
pages  and  printing  and  then  backing  with  the 
other  four." 

James  A.  Reid  became  a  partner 
in  the  printing  firm  of  Hammond, 
Angell  &  Co.  in  1868.  He  tells  of  his 
impressions  of  the  office  at  that 
time: 

"  For  many  years  5  Washington  Row  was  a  noted  place.  It  was  the  brick  and 
stone  block  running  along  the  western  side  of  the  river  between  Exchange  place  and 
Westminster  street.  Up  the  stairway  at  this  entrance,  many  of  the  loyal  adherents  of 
the  Providence  Journal  and  Bulletin  flocked  morning  and  evening  to  get  their  papers 
from  this  famous  counting-room.  On  the  opposite  side  of  the  hallway,  Doyle  &  Joslin, 
with  Thomas  A.  Doyle  at  the  fore,  held  forth  as  auctioneers,  real  estate  dealers,  and 
mayors  of  Providence.  Upstairs,  over  the  newspaper  offices,  was  the  home  of  the  jobbing 
annex  of  Knowles  &  Anthony,  out  of  which  was  born  the  firm  of  Hammond,  Angell  &  Co. 
In  1868  the  shareholders  were  John  N.  Hammond,  Albert  N.  Angell,  Charies  J.  Wheeler, 
Joseph  Knowles,  Jeremiah  N.  Thomas,  William  H.  Chenery  and  James  A.  Reid.  In  pre- 
vious years  Edward  L.  Freeman  and  Alden  S.  Sibley,  both  now  deceased,  had  been 
members. 

"  As  a  connection  of  the  Journal,  the  office  had  had  a  very  successful  career  and  had 
received  the  patronage  of  many  of  the  leading  concerns  of  the  State  and  city.  It  made 
lottery  tickets  when  they  could  be  made,  labels  for  the  American  Screw  Co.,  cloth  tickets 


THE  BOOK  AND  JOB  SECTION  193 


for  nearly  every  mill  in  'Little  Rhody,'  manufacturers'  labels  by  the  million  for  the 
Fletcher  Manufacturing  Co.,  wrappers  by  the  hundreds  of  thousands  for  Perry  Davis' 
Pain  Killer.  Every  week,  for  a  number  of  years,  it  printed  The  General  Advertiser. 
Occasionally  it  had  the  city  contract,,  and  it  turned  out  a  good  catalogue  annually  and 
triennially  for  the  college  '  on  the  hill.'  Besides,  it  did  fair  job  work  for  everybody,  and 
book  work  in  a  reasonably  good  style. 

"The  office  contained  a  number  of  cylinder  presses,  some  Adams'  platen  presses, 
three  or  four  hand-presses,  on  which  the  huge  cloth  tickets  for  the  mills  were  printed, 
and  a  few  small  job  presses.  These  last  were  run  by  steam  which  was  furnished  by  a 
poor  old  engine  which  had  used  itself  up  in  promoting  the  success  of  the  firm.  There 
was  a  fine  array  of  book  type  and  job  letter,  but  the  greater  part  of  the  whole  establish- 
ment had  seen  better  days. 

"  John  N.  Hammond  was  manager  at  the  time  when  I  was  invited  to  purchase  of 
Albert  N.  Angell  a  share  of  the  stock  at  $3000.  William'  H.  Smith  was  foreman  of  the 
job  department,  and  Jeremiah  N.  Thomas  was  chief  of  the  book  department.  Highly 
appreciating  the  honor  of  a  connection  with  Mr.  Knowles  and  The  Journal,  and  not 
knowing  much  about  what  an  office  should  be,  I  assumed  the  share  enthusiastically  and 
became  assistant  to  Mr.  Smith,  with  the  prospect  in  view  of  succeeding  Mr.  Hammond  as 
manager  when  he  should  lay  aside  the  cares  of  the  head  man. 

"  The  working  force  of  the  establishment  consisted  of  about  25  men  and  boys.  In 
the  counting-room  was  Mr.  Hammond,  a  genial,  pleasant-faced  gentleman,  who  had  the 
amiable,  courteous  manner  essential  for  meeting  successfully  college  professors,  manu- 
facturers, stationers  and  booksellers,  city  and  state  officers,  and  a  select  class  of  custom- 
ers such  as  the  office  had  fortunately  drawn  to  it.  To  aid  Mr.  Hammond  in  waiting  upon 
this  clientage,  Mr.  Smith  had  an  equally  agreeable  manner ;  and  that  end  of  the  business 
was  certainly  in  good  hands.  Among  the  employes  were  Robert  M.  Pearse,  Samuel  S. 
Wilson  and  Frank  Farrell,  all  pressmen ;  Jonathan  Helme,  Jerry  Thomas,  William  H. 
Chenery  and  Albert  N.  Angell,  compositors.  R.  A.  Reid,  my  brother,  was  one  of  the 
young  job  compositors. 

"  Mr.  Hammond  soon  retired  by  reason  of  an  injury  which  he  had  received  in  falling 
from  a  car  at  East  Greenwich,  and  I  was  selected  to  take  his  position  as  manager.  This 
place  I  held  for  about  2  Vz  years,  gaining  considerable  in  experience  but  not  much  in  hard  cash, 
as  the  requirements  for  new  material  to  put  the  office  in  condition  to  handle  properly  the 
demands  for  modern  production  were  too  imperative  to  allow  of  paying  both  the  stock- 
holders and  the  type-founders.  Then,  satisfied  that  the  place  was  a  'misfit'  for  me,  I 
resigned  the  management  and  went  'back  to  the  case.' 

"  Some  time  after  this  the  establishment  was  bought  in  by  Albert  N.  Angell.  Later 
still  it  came  into  the  hands  of  the  Ackerman  Co.,  and  is  now  known  as  the  Standard 
Printing  Co.  Some  of  the  best  book  work  done  in  Providence  has  been  produced  in  the 
office  under  the  present  management." 

John  A.  O'Neil,  now  an  employe  of  the  Boston  Globe,  describes  his 
entry  into  the  printing  business  and  subsequent  experiences  in  various 
job  offices  in  Providence : 

"  In  February,  1872,  a  boy  of  15,  I  went  out  to  look  for  work,  On  Weybosset  street, 
at  No.  57,  in  the  building  now'occupied  by  E.  A.  Johnson  &  Co.,  printers,  I  noticed  a  large 
sign,  which  read  '  Millard  &  Harker,  Steam  Printers.'  I  applied  there  for  work  and  imme- 
diately began  my  career  in  the  printing  business.  Thomas  M.  Harker  had  just  died  and 
the  firm  was  styled  Millard,  Gray  &  Simpson.  Samuel  Millard  was  quite  an  old  man,  and 
for  many  years  previous  had  been  connected  with  the  Journal  job  office.  Millard  and 
Gray  worked  on  the  presses,  Simpson  at  the  case,  together  with  Rhodes  T.  W.  Collins, 
Alexander  Niger,  Henry  Orme  and  occasionally  George  J.  West.  William  Snow  and  John 
Sullivan,  the  latter  better  known  as  '  Yankee,'  were  also  pressmen  in  the  office. 

"  '  Yankee's '  great  fault  lay  in  his  habit  of  swearing,  and  his  vocabulary  of  '  cuss ' 
words  was  very  strong  and  original.  When  Millard  &  Harker  were  doing  business  in  the 
old  Rubber  Works  building,  at  the  corner  of  Dorrance  and  Dyer  streets,  'Yankee'  had 
his  hand  crushed  in  a  press.  He  was  taken  to  a  doctor's  office,  located  where  the  Outlet 
building  now  stands.  The  doctor  decided  to  amputate  the  hand.  '  Yankee '  let  loose ; 
the  doctor  could  not  stand  the  profanity  and  ordered  'Yankee's'  friends  to  take  him 
away,  which  they  did,  going  to  another  physician  in  the  vicinity,  who  dressed  the  wound 
and  saved  the  hand. 


194  PRINTERS  AND  PRINTING  IN  PROVIDENCE 


"The  foreman  of  the  office  at  that  time  was  William  H.  Smith,  who  for  many  years 
after  was  connected  with  the  Board  of  Public  Works,  The  cases  in  the  office  had  been 
labelled  by  the  celebrated  pedestrian  printer,  'Jim'  Williamson,  and  quotations  from  past 
literary  gems  were  used.  I  recall  but  two,  and  quote  from  memory:  'On  yon  Grampion 
hills  my  father  feeds  his  flocks.'     '  Down  deep  in  hell  the  devil  hurls  bad  type.' 

"Like  all  apprentice  boys  I  was  often  sent  out  to  'borrow  a  line,'  and  by  this  means 
became  quite  well  known  and  made  many  acquaintances  in  the  other  offices.  Hammond 
&  Angell's  was  then  the  largest  and  oldest  in  the  city.  It  was  a  typographical'  museum 
in  a  way.  There  were  many  reverential-looking,  white-bearded,  old-school  printers  em- 
ployed there.  I  often  saw  one  of  them  printing  '  headings '  on  a  hand-press.  The  regis- 
ter could  not  be  more  perfect,  and  the  impression  was  clear  and  distinct.  One  day  the 
boys  tied  a  turtle  to  the  string  holding  the  copy  guide  of  one  of  these  patriarchal-looking 
compositors,  who,  after  making  many  '  outs '  and  vain  attempts  to  keep  his  guide  in 
place,  declared  the  office  to  be  haunted,  and  went  home.  Cornelius  Jones  published  the 
General  Advertiser  there  and  set  type  on  his  own  paper.  There  were  Adams'  book 
presses  there,  and  a  queer-looking  job  press  that  went  '  ker-chunk '  when  taking  an  im- 
pression, and  behind  which  you  could  stand  and  unlock  the  form  on  the  platen. 

"Another  office  was  run  by  Tourgee  &  Maxfield,  located  where  the  Bristol  Hotel 
now  stands.     Charles  C.  Gray  graduated  from  there. 

"Henry  Tilden,  a  dignified  gentleman  in  appearance  and  a  Lord  Chesterfield  in 
deportment,  conducted  a  job  office  just  below  57,  on  Weybosset  street.  It  had  oil  cloth 
on  the  floor  and  paintings  on  the  wall,  and  was  kept  very  neat.  'Jimmy'  Bowen,  a 
bright,  red-headed  boy,  was  '  devil '  there,  and  when  Tilden  was  moving  his  residence 
from  Fountain  street  to  Broadway  '  Jimmy '  was  sent  to  help  in  the  operation.  Upon 
him  devolved  the  duty  of  carrying  the  family  pet,  a  parrot,  to  its  new  home.  On  the 
way  the  bird  made  some  inquiries  about  '  Jimmy's '  nationality,  which  elicited  a  warm 
reply  that  was  afterwards  repeated  by  the  parrot  to  Tilden.  When  'Jimmy'  told  me  thfe 
story  he  was  afraid  that  he  was  going  to  lose  his  job,  but  Tilden  appreciated  the  joke  too 
well  to  punish  the  boy  for  it. 

"About  that  time  there  was  a  small  amateur  office  in  the  basement  of  a  house  on 
Carpenter  street  that  I  visited  evenings  in  company  with  '  Bill '  Chadsey,  who,  together 
with  E.  A.  Johnson,  was  interested  in  it.  This  was  the  Bethlehem  of  the  E.  A.  Johnson 
Co.,  which  has  since  assumed  such  large  proportions. 

"Another  office  doing  a  large  business  at  that  time,  paid  its  help  in  orders  for 
groceries,  clothing,  etc.  A  compositor  who  was  asked  to  take  a  couple  of  gallons  of 
whiskey  in  part  payment  for  money  due  him,  refused  for  the  reason  that  he  '  did  not 
propose  to  feed  his  family  on  that  kind  of  poison,'  but  he  had  to  go  without  his  wages. 

"In  the  spring  of  il873  Thomas  Simpson  withdrew  from  the  firm  of  Millard,  Gray  & 
Simpson,  and  became  United  States  consul  at  St.  Thomas,  San  Domingo.  On  the  after- 
noon of  the  day  that  he;  left  Providence,  J.  C.  Hall,  of  the  firm  of  Bugbee  &  Hall,  came  to 
the  office  and  had  a  long  conversation  with  Gray.  It  was  then  that  the  R.  I.  Printing  Co. 
was  born.  Negotiations  for  the  formation  of  the  company  continued  all  summer.  Dur- 
ing the  progress  of  the  negotiations  I  was  informed  by  an  outside  party  that  they  could 
not  agree  on  a  name.  The  office  was  then  doing  much  work  for  the  Rhode  Island  Insur- 
ance Association.  I  suggested  the  name,  R.  I.  Printing  Co.  to  my  friend,  who  proposed 
it  at  a  meeting  and  it  was  adopted.  When  the  company  began  business  '  Yankee,' 
Collins  and  your  correspondent  went  with  them.  An  hour  or  so  after  I  went  to  work, 
Capt.  George  W.  Barry  put  in  an  appearance  and  began  his  first  day  of  over  30  years'  em- 
ployment in  that  office.  He  is  the  only  printer  whom  I  ever  saw  wear  a  white  vest  at  work. 
At  the  end  of  the  week  it  was  fit  for  a  Westminster  street  Sunday'  afternoon  parade.  It 
was  in  this  office  that  the  pocket  check  book,  now  used  all  over  the  world,  was  first 
brought  out.  The  firm  of  Bugbee  &  Hall  then  controlled  it  and  paid  a  royalty  to  its 
inventor,  the  late  Col.  George  E.  Waring,  then  of  Newport. 

"  I  would  like  to  jog  the  memory  of  the  '  old  guard '  about  our  ball  games  on  '  cold 
spring  lot'  and  the  many  'ways-goose'  parties  participated  in,  particularly  the  one  on 
which  John  Belcher  issued  his  famous  order,  '  Go  below  there,  Horace,'  to  his  son,  Horace 
Greeley  Belcher,  (then  a  boy  of  ten  years.)     Those  were  happy  days." 

For  twenty  years  J.  A.  &  R.  A.  Reid  conducted  a  printing  office  in 
Providence.  Its  development,  success  and  failure  is  told  by  J.  A.  Reid, 
now  a  resident  of  St.  Louis,  Mo. : 

"  In  September,  1874,  James  Allan  Reid  and  Robert  Allan  Reid,  two  young  printers, 
began  at  87  Westminster  street  the  career  of  a  firm  which  was  destined,  by  reason  of  its 


THE  BOOK  AND  JOB  SECTION 


195 


productions,  to  make  itself  and  the  city  of  Providence  more  or  less  famous.  J.  A.  Reid 
'served  his  time'  on  the  Bristol  ( R.  I.)  Phoenix  and  with  A.  Crawford  Greene  in  Provi- 
dence, afterwards  holding  positions  as  journeyman  with  the  Providence  Press  Co.  in  the 
book  and  job  department ;  with  the  Hammond  &  Angell  Co.,  as  partner  and  manager ;  a 
frame  on  the  New  York  World  from  1869  to  1872,  and  on  the  New  York  Daily  Graphic, 
an  illustrated  newspaper,  in  the  summer  of  1874.  R.  A.  Reid  served  his  three  years  in 
the  Journal  job  office,  and  had  a  good  '  round '  in  Chicago  afterwards.  Their  practical 
experience  gave  them  a  very  good  capital  to  pit  against  the  dollars  which  were  furnished 
the  new  firm  as  balance  of  its  working  stock  by  Robert  and  Jean  Allan  Reid— mother  and 
father  of  the  'boys,'  who  came  to  Rhode  Island  from  Dairy  and  Kilwinning,  Ayrshire, 
Scotland,  in  1842. 

"The  new  firm  had  very  fair 
success  in  most  of  its  ventures,  their 
business  grew  quite  rapidly,  and  soon 
required  larger  quarters,  which 
caused  the  first  move,  to  56  Wey- 
bosset  street,  were  they  were  located 
some  years  in  the  building  owned 
by  the  late  Judge  Eli  Aylesworth. 
Not  content  with  the  ordinary  op- 
portunities for  making  money  and 
reputation  as  book  and  job  printers, 
the  firm  originated  many  publica- 
tions which  gave  them  a  larger  field 
for  the  exercise  of  their  talents. 

"  After  awhile,  finding  their 
headquarters  on  Weybosset  street 
were  not  just  what  was  wanted  for 
a  growing  plant,  the  office  was  again 
moved,  this  time  to  No.  24  Custom 
House  street,  where  it  was  located 
for  ten  years,  and  where  most  of  the 
fame  and  reputation  of  the  firm  was 
made.  In  this  commodious  building 
they  had  one  of  the  best  plants,  and 
produced  some  of  the  finest  work 
turned  out  in  New  England.  The 
pride  of  the  firm  was  staked  on  pro- 
ducing the  very  best  work  in  all 
their  lines,  and  a  laudable  aspiration 
to  excel  was  created  in  the  minds  of 
their  apprentices,  journeymen,  ar- 
tists and  solicitors. 

"  While  located  here  '  Pictur- 
esque Washington'  a  finely  illus- 
trated book  on  the  National  Capitol, 
with  the  text  written  by  Joseph  West  Moore,  a  Providence  newspaper  man,  was  pub- 
lished. It  reached  a  sale  of  nearly  50,000  copies.  'Three  Decades  of  Federal  Legis- 
lation,' a  volume  projected  as  an  offset  to  'Blaine's  Book,'  and  written  by  the  Hon. 
S.  S.  ('Sunset')  Cox,  was  also  published  during  this  period,  and  reached  a  sale 
of  about  25,000  copies.  '  The  Providence  Plantations,'  a  large  quarto,  costing  about 
$20,000  to  produce,  reached  7,500  in  its  various  editions.  Their  lives  of  '  Burnside,'  by 
Ben :  Perley  Poore,  and  '  Phil  Sheridan,'  by  Colonels  Hinton  and  Burr,  were  moderate 
successes.  Some  of  their  children's  books  reached  up  into  flattering  figures,  and  many 
of  their  lighter  publications,  like  '  Christmas  Bells,'  reached  annually  into  hundreds  of 
thousands.  Altogether  the  firm  originated  and  printed  nearly  100  independent  publica- 
tions during  its  business  career,  probably  surpassing  the  achievements  of  any  other  one 
house  in  its  line  up  to  1894,  the  year  of  the  accident  to  J.  A.  Reid,  which  was  the  over- 
powering reason  for  the  final  suspension  of  the  firm. 

"  During  its  occupancy  of  the  Daniels  building  the  firm  experienced  two  serious 
fires,  one  of  which  was  general  in  its  scope  and  caused  heavy  loss  to  a  large  number  of 
firms  in  the  vicinity.  The  other  was  limited  to  this  particular  building.  The  firm  was 
struggling  from  the  effects  of  the  second  fire  when,  in  1894,  Mr.  J.  A.  Reid,  who  had 


ROBERT   A.  REID 


196  PRINTERS  AND  PRINTING  IN  PROVIDENCE 


assumed  the  entire  burden  of  the  business,  was  thrown  from  an  electric  car  and  'downed' 
completely  through  concussion  of  the  brain. 

"  The  plant  of  J.  A.  &  R.  A.  Reid  was  well  supplied  with  modern  presses — a  number  of 
them  from  the  famous  manufacturers,  C.  B.  Cottrell  &  Sons  of  Westerly  and  New  York — 
with  the  best  and  latest  faces  of  job  type,  and  a  great  variety  of  letter  for  fine  book  work, 
catalogues,  newspapers,  small  poster  work,  railroad  time  tables,  and  the  diversified  orders 
which  come  to  a  well-equipped  printing  office  in  these  days." 

William  P.  Bittman,  of  Denver,  Col.,  gives  his  impressions  of  the 
office  of  the  R.  I.  Printing  Co.  and  its  employes  at  an  interesting  period 
of  its  existence : 

"  I  went  to  work  at  the  R.  I.  Printing  Co.  in  the  early  part  of  1882,  as  a  temporary 
or  emergency  hand.  It  was  a  fine  office,  and  turned  out  some  of  the  finest  work  done  in 
Providence,  was  abundantly  supplied  with  all  the  latest  and  up-to-date  creations  of  the 
different  type  foundries ;  was  kept  in  apple  pie  order — a  place  for  everything  and  every- 
thing in  its  place.  All  the  type  was  nickel-plated.  About  six  regulars  and  one  or  two 
apprentices  were  employed  at  the  time.  During  working  hours — by  way  of  deviation, 
social  problems  were  solved,  politics  discussed,  and  Butler's  'Hudibras'  quoted  by  the 
square  yard.  It  was  not  necessary  to  resort  to  prison  rules  to  keep  the  men  in  line,  and 
the  utmost  latitude  was  extended  to  everyone.  When  a  new  comer  received  a  job  to  do 
by  the  foreman,  it  was  generally  accompanied  by  the  remark :  '  Take  your  time ;  we  look 
to  quality  and  not  quantity  in  this  office.' 

"John  A.  Belcher  was  the  foreman.  John  was  a  master  at  the  art,  a  good  proof- 
reader, and  an  all-round  clever  fellow.  Unfortunately,  John  possessed  an  ungovernable 
temper,  and  when  he  got  his  'dander'  up,  at  some  real  or  fancied  'outrage'  perpetrated 
on  him  or  in  violation  of  the  established  rules  and  regulations  of  the  office,  then  you 
could  look  out  for  '  Das  Donnerroetter,'  to  use  a  German  cuss  word.  A  Kansas  cyclone 
or  an  eruption  of  Mount  Vesuvius  was  nothing  in  comparison  with  it.  These  outbursts 
were  infrequent,  however,  and  were  generally  aimed  at  the  innocent,  harmless  and  much- 
abused  Joseph,  his  brother,  one  of  the  neatest  and  most  artistic  job  printers  in  the  city 
of  Providence  ;  among  the  rest  of  the  typos  they  created  considerable  merriment. 

"Among  the  employes  of  the  R.  I.  Printing  Co.  during  my  time  were  the  following, 
who  bore  pompous  and  weighty  names,  to  wit :  John  '  Hamilton  Boyd  '  Kidd,  John 
'  Adams '  Belcher,  Joseph  '  Warren  '  Belcher,  '  Zopher  Randall '  Cummings,  and  last,  but 
not  least,  my  esteemed,  amiable  and  ancient  friend,  familiarly  known  as  the  '  Antiquated 
Captain,'  George  '  Wellington '  Barry,  who,  I  learn,  is  still  on  deck,  although  he  must 
have  passed  the  four-score  mile  post  of  his  life,  and  bids  fair  to  rival  in  longevity  the 
illustrious  '  Iron  Duke '  of  Waterloo  fame,  whose  name  he  bears,  and  who  passed  from 
time  to  eternity  in  his  83d  year.  Great  Scott!  Captain,  are  you  never  going  to  say  '30'? 
There  you  have  it,  comedy,  tragedy,  war,  peace — all  the  elements  necessary,  and  right  at 
hand,  too ! 

"There  is  no  doubt  that  the  weight  of  their  names  was  oftentime  a  mighty  load, 
and  their  efforts  at  dignity  were  not  always  successful.  Still,  one  might  be  sure  of  a 
warm  heart  beating  under  the  waistcoat,  covering  the  overwrought  chest  so  often  thrown 
out  with  either  real  or  imaginary  military  ardor  or  literary  pride. 

"  I  remained  in  Providence  about  two  or  three  years,  working  at  the  Rhode  Island 
and  occasionally  subbing  on  the  Visitor,  Sunday  Dispatch,  etc.,  and  then  went  to 
Boston.  In  1894  Boston  Typographical  Union  sent  me  to  the  Union  Printers'  Home.  The 
climate  was  so  beneficial  that  I  left  the  Home  and  settled  in  Denver.  A  generous 
increase  in  my  pension  from  the  United  States  Government  enables  me  to  live  way  up  on 
the  sunny  side  of  Easy  street,  and  spend  the  remaining  few  years  of  my  life  in  the  dolce 
far  niente." 

His  first  day's  experience  in  a  Providence  printing  office  as  an 
apprentice  is  told  by  Albert  P.  E.  Doyle,  now  of  Washington,  D.  C. : 

"In  1889,  E.  A.  Johnson,  head  of  the  firm  bearing  that  name,  offered  the  annual 
apprenticeship  to  me  without  further  agreement  than  the  admonition,  '  If  the  job  don't 
suit  you,  git;  if  you  don't  suit  the  job,  gitto!'  I  was  informed  that  Mr.  Joseph  H. 
O'Vcrdine  was  to  be  my  boss,  but  a  few  hours'  labor  in  the  book-room  demonstrated  that 
Miss  Emma  Ballou,  Mr.  John  Henry  Whalen,  the  Misses  Cora  B.  Wilson,  Katie  Kiernan, 
Gracie  Fisk,  Messrs.  George  Washington  Cutting,  Charles  Dickens  Gardiner,  A.  B.  C.  D. 
Frost,  Frank  Fort  Fuller,  with  many  others  to  hear  from,  were  also  in  command  of  the  ship. 


THE  BOOK  AND  JOB  SECTION  197 


"Naturally  of  a  modest  and  retiring  disposition  I  fell  over  myself  in  complying 
with  the  various  orders  of  my  numerous  foremen  and  foreladies,  everybody  taking  a 
whack  except  Mr.  J.  H.  O'V.,  and  by  10  o'clock  occasional  comments  of  satisfaction  told 
me  that  I  was  solid,  and  that  the  office  had  at  last  secured  a  truly  good  boy. 

"  At  the  expiration  of  that  time,  however,  presuming  that  I  had  become  sufficiently 
acquainted  with  the  various  sections  of  the  office  so  as  to  receive  and  digest  instruction 
in  the  '  art  preservative,'  Mr.  William  Wallace,  the  senior  '  devil,'  condescended  to  teach 
the  '  young  tree '  how  to  wash  the  ink-slab  without  soiling  the  instructor's  hands,  taking 
care  meanwhile  to  impress  upon  him  the  fact  that  if  those  before  mentioned  were 
captains,  he  was  commodore.  Willie  promptly  initiated  me  into  all  those  graces  and 
virtues  which  made  my  presence  so  welcome  to  J.  Henry  Whalen  and  to  J.  Henry  Dillon 
throughout  the  remainder  of  my  apprenticeship. 

"  To  resume,  while  nearly  a  year's  full  residue  was  being  soaked  and  scraped  and 
scraped  and  soaked  from  the  ink-slab,  John  Henry  Baxter  was  laboriously,  but  fastidiously 
covering  the  tympan  of  the  old  Washington  hand-press  with  new  felt  and  packing.  John 
was  probably  as  proud  of  his  handiwork  when  finished  as  was  the  new  devil  of  the  re- 
splendent ink-slab,  which  by  this  (and  be  it  truly  chronicled  for  the  last)  time,  fairly 
glistened  in  immaculate  purity. 

"  John  laid  out  an  eight-page  form  on  the  now  rejuvenated  press,  sullied  the  fair 
face  of  my  ink-slab  with  a  daub  of  ink  which  is  on  it  yet,  inked  the  form,  pulled  a  proof, 
and  I  can  yet  see  the  look  of  intense  satisfaction  spreading  o'er  his  features  as  he  stepped 
back  and  surveyed  the  impression.  He  ordered  Wallace  to  pull  nine  more  proofs.  Wal- 
lace ordered  me  to  assist  in  pulling  the  lever  over.  With  a  thrill  of  pride  I  jointly 
grasped  the  handle  with  W.,  and  learned  by  the  time  the  lever  reached  its  centre  that 
instead  of  my  assisting  Wallace,  Wallace  was  assisting  me,  and  very  feebly  at  that. 

"  As  the  lever  would  very  likely  be  on  the  far  side  of  the  press  yet,  had  I  not  pulled 
it  over,  it  looked  to  me  like  finding  the  nickle  Wallace  bet  that  I  could  not  push  it  back 
alone.  Two  feet  braced  firmly  against  the  well-filled  and  Will-filled  '  hell-box,'  and  the 
almost  superhuman  shove  on  the  lever  '  did '  something.  A  quick  glance  at  the  debris 
and  a  quick  glance  at  J.  H.  B.  as  quickly  told  me  that  something  else  would  soon  be 
'  did.'  As  there  was  only  three  stories  under  us,  I  moved  for  the  entry  at  about  John's 
pace  (no,  gentle  reader,  John  was  not  walking),  for  had  I  not  noticed  there  were  no  fur- 
trimmed  Juliets  over  his  E-12  white  socks,  and  heard  him  say,  '  Water  will  rot  the  bottom 
of  a  ship,'  and  observed  that  he  did  not  make  a  practice  of  praying  during  working  hours, 
not  to  mention  that  he  was  the  sole  custodian  of  the  filigree  type  ?  No,  I  vvas  convinced 
that  John  was  not  a  fit  associate  for  me  at  that  moment.  I  reasoned  that  if  I  stayed  in 
the  entry  long  enough  to  count  ten  billion  ten  times  matters  inside  would  shape  them- 
selves so  that  at  least  I  could  get  my  hat  and  coat.  I  had  hardly  finished  counting  my 
seventy-fifth  million  when  Mr.  John  Henry  Whalen  came  out  and  invited  me  to  return. 
The  good  lord  knows  that  I  was  waiting  for  Wallace,  but,  J.  Henry,  why  did  you  grin  ? 

"When  I  finished  with  J.  Hen.  my  promotion  was  rapid,  for  I  was  then  and  there 
installed  admiral  of  the  fleet,  and  remained  in  that  capacity  until  '  Billy '  Donovan  took 
me  under  his  sheltering  mantle  just  365  days  afterward,  but  first  informing  me  that  he 
was  the  pilot  of  the  craft  and  if  I  desired  to  reach  my  destination  I  would  have  to  ship  as 
a  common  land-lubber.  As  I  received  able-seaman's  papers  right  after  leaving  his  care, 
it  seems  needless  to  mention  that  the  pilot's  orders  were  sacredly  obeyed." 

The  John  F.  Greene  office  is  probably  the  oldest  in  the  city,  having 
been  started  in  1828,  by  John  S.  Greene  at  7  North  Main  street.  Wil- 
liam Simons,  Jr.,  purchased  it  the  next  year  and  it  was  moved  to  15 
Market  square.  It  was  the  home  of  the  Republican  Herald,  the  leading 
Democratic  semi-weekly  newspaper,  until  1853,  when  a  consoHdation 
with  the  Daily  Post  was  accomphshed,  which  continued  until  1867.  In 
that  year  John  F.  Greene  became  its  owner,  it  was  separated  from  the 
newspaper,  and  moved  to  56  Canal  street.  In  1886  John  F.  Minchin 
and  Elias  S.  Nickerson  purchased  the  office  and  it  was  moved  to  81 
Dyer  street.  When  Mr.  Minchin  died  in  1906,  John  A.  Belcher  took 
his  place  in  the  firm. 


198  PRINTERS  AND  PRINTING  IN  PROVIDENCE 

Snow  &  Farnham's  book  and  job  oflfice,  now  located  at  63  Wash- 
ington street,  was  originally  connected  with  the  Evening  Press  news- 
paper, started  in  1859.  From  1861  to  1900  the  office  was  in  the 
building  at  the  northwest  corner  of  Dyer  and  Custom  House  streets. 
The  printing  for  the  State  was  done  there  for  many  years,  and  also  the 
city  printing.  In  September,  1884,  the  book  and  job  department  was 
separated  from  the  newspapers,  and  shortly  after  came  into  possession 
of  its  present  owners,  Edwin  M.  Snow  and  Joseph  E.  C.  Farnham. 
Twice  the  plant  was  almost  completely  destroyed  by  fire,  the  last  one 
causing  removal  to  the  present  location.  A  very  large  and  successful 
business  has  been  done  by  the  firm. 

In  1882,  Frank  D.  Livermore  and  Richard  D.  Knight  formed  a 
partnership  under  the  name  of  Livermore  &  Knight.  Both  partners 
had  been  conducting  printing  offices  for  a  few  years  previously.  Their 
first  location  was  at  18  Custom  House  street.  In  a  few  years  the  in- 
crease of  business  caused  a  removal  to  74  Weybosset  street,  which 
location  was  occupied  for  about  ten  years.  The  Lauderdale  building 
on  Westminster  street  next  accommodated  their  growing  business  for 
about  seven  years,  when  another  removal  was  made  to  Pine  street,  cor- 
ner Hay  street,  their  present  home.  Printing  is  but  a  small  part  of  the 
product  of  this  firm,  but  the  quality  is  first  class  and  their  field  of 
operations  very  extensive. 

The  Remington  Printing  Co.  was  started  in  1891  by  P.  S.  Reming- 
ton at  43  Weybosset  street  in  a  modest  way.  Two  years  later  it  was 
located  at  153  Dorrance  street  and  F.  M.  Mason  and  John  E.  Hurley 
became  members  of  the  firm.  The  growth  of  the  business  compelled 
another  moving  in  1895.  This  time  the  present  ample  quarters  in  the 
Hanley  building,  63  Washington  street,  were  occupied.  In  1900  B.  P. 
Moulton  purchased  P.  S.  Remington's  interest. 

The  Franklin  Press,  now  located  at  63  Washington  street,  is  the 
successor  of  J.  L.  &  E.  N.  Casey,  who  opened  an  office  at  7  College 
street  in  1892.  The  Caseys  were  students  at  Brown  University  and 
their  first  venture  in  Providence  was  as  editors  and  publishers  of  the 
Brown  Daily  Herald,  still  issued  regularly  during  the  College  terms 
from  the  Frankhn  Press.  J.  L.  &  E.  N.  Casey  were  succeeded  in  1893 
by  Casey,  Murch  &  Co.,  in  1894  by  Casey  Brothers,  and  in  1896,  when 
the  plant  was  moved  to  its  present  location,  by  the  Franklin  Press. 
The  latter  has  changed  hands  but  not  its  name  several  times,  the  pres- 
ent officers,  Charles  A.  Dalton,  President,  and  Thomas  J.  Griffin,  Treas- 
urer, having  taken  charge  in  1901.  The  plant  is  splendidly  equipped 
for  first-class  work  of  all  kinds,  and  the  largest  force  of  Union  job  com- 
positors in  the  city  is  employed  at  the  F'ranklin.    The  veteran  Fred- 


THE  BOOK  AND  JOB  SECTION  199 

erick  B.  Amsden  has  set  the  type  for  the  Brown  Daily  Herald  so  many 
years  that  he  has  come  to  be  regarded  as  an  indispensable  adjunct  to 
its  publication.  The  Franklin  Press  granted  the  eight-hour  day  Jan.  1, 
1906,  without  friction  of  any  sort.  It  has  profited  by  the  label  cam- 
paign incident  to  the  strike,  having  doubled  its  force  of  compositors  to 
meet  the  requirements  of  new  business. 

One  of  the  best-known  Union  shops  in  the  city  is  that  conducted  at 
33  Washington  street  by  the  William  R.  Brown  Company,  A.  W.  Wood- 
cock, proprietor.  William  R.  Brown's  first  venture  as  a  master  printer 
was  located  on  Dorrance  street,  removal  being  made  to  47  Eddy  street, 
and  later  to  the  present  location.  Mr.  Woodcock  was  admitted  to  the 
firm  just  previous  to  Mr.  Brown's  death,  which  occurred  in  1903,  and 
he  has  since  conducted  the  business.  The  Wilham  R.  Brown  Company 
makes  a  specialty  of  badge  work,  and  does  more  printing  for  secret  and 
fraternal  societies,  perhaps,  than  any  other  ofl&ce  in  the  city.  It  is, 
however,  well  equipped  for  other  work,  and  conducts  a  profitable  busi- 
ness. The  eight-hour  day  went  into  effect  there  Jan.  1,  1906,  and  the 
shop  is  thoroughly  Union. 

In  1889  James  H.  Mathews  bought  out  a  printing  partnership 
which  he  had  entered  at  1052  High  street  less  than  a  fortnight  pre- 
vious, and  moved  the  plant  to  1851  Westminster  street,  where  he  has 
been  in  business  continuously  since  then,  in  later  years  as  partner  with 
his  younger  brother,  Thomas  J.  Mathews,  under  the  firm  name  of  J.  H. 
&  T.  J.  Mathews.  James  H.  Mathews  learned  his  trade  in  Westerly, 
R.  I.,  and  was  foreman  of  the  Westerly  Sun  previous  to  coming  to 
Providence.  The  plant  is  very  well  equipped  for  all  classes  of  work, 
and  has  been  enlarged  several  times,  a  new  press  having  been  installed 
in  October,  1907.  This  firm  was  the  first  in  the  city  to  carry  a  Union 
label.  The  Mathews  brothers  are  staunch  Union  men,  both  carrying 
cards,  James  H.  as  a  pressman,  and  Thomas  J.  as  a  member  of  Provi- 
dence Typographical  Union. 

In  1898  Charles  Manshell  opened  a  small  printing  oflice  at  19  Mill 
street,  moving  in  1899  to  339  North  Main  street,  and  in  1901  to  115-119 
Pine  street,  where  the  business  is  still  continued  under  the  name  of  the 
Sun  Printing  Company,  in  quarters  several  times  enlarged  since  the 
moving  to  Pine  street.  The  plant  is  an  extensive  one,  including 
the  largest  cylinder  press  in  the  city  and  a  new  model  ticket  machine, 
which  is  the  first  of  its  kind  to  be  installed  here.  Mr.  Manshell  is  one 
of  the  most  enterprising  and  energetic  master  printers  in  the  city, 
and  the  large  and  increasing  business  of  the  Sun  Printing  Company  is 
ample  evidence  of  his  keen  sagacity  and  sound  business  sense.  To  Mr. 
Manshell  principally  is  due  credit  for  the  demand  for  the  Union  label 


200  PRINTERS  AND  PRINTING  IN  PROVIDENCE 

among  the  large  Hebrew  population  of  the  city.  The  Sun  invariably 
advertises  as  a  Union  printing  house;  it  granted  the  eight-hour  day 
Jan.  1,  1906,  and  Mr.  Manshell  still  carries  a  card,  although  doing  very 
little  work  at  the  case  in  recent  years. 

The  Loose  Leaf  Manufacturing  Company  was  reorganized  early  in 
1907,  a  combination  being  made  w^ith  H.  M.  Coombs,  a  famous  Providence 
binder,  who  was  then  conducting  a  bindery  at  63  Washington  street, 
to  which  the  plant  of  the  L.  L.  Manufacturing  Company  was  moved 
from  Sabin  street.  The  older  L.  L.  Company  had  moved  its  plant  to 
Louisville,  Ky.,  in  1905,  but  reopened  toward  the  close  of  that  year  in 
this  city.  A  change  of  management  brought  Irvin  B.  Stites  into  con- 
trol, and  he  consummated  the  combination  with  H.  M.  Coombs.  Mr. 
Coombs  retired  from  the  reorganized  company  in  October,  1907,  open- 
ing a  new  bindery  across  the  street.  The  Loose  Leaf  Company  has 
one  of  the  finest  equipped  plants  in  the  city,  and  has  facihties  for  turn- 
ing out  the  finest  quahty  of  work  of  any  description,  from  a  simple 
dodger  to  a  bound  volume,  including  ruHng  and  blank  book  w^ork  of 
all  kinds.  Quality  is  the  watchword  at  the  Loose  Leaf.  A  sHght  un- 
pleasantness in  1906,  when  the  Loose  Leaf  Company  returned  to  a 
nine-hour  schedule,  was  settled  early  in  1907,  and  the  Loose  Leaf  Com- 
pany has  since  then  carried  the  Union  label. 

The  Alpine  Printing  Co.,  George  L.  Hammond,  proprietor,  was 
started  in  1892.  It  is  located  at  94  Snow  street  and  does  a  large  and 
profitable  business, 

Bushman  &  Co.,  290  Eddy  street,  moved  its  plant  in  June,  1907, 
from  489  Westminster  street,  to  the  present  more  commodious  quarters. 
The  proprietors  are  enterprising  young  men  and  are  building  up  a  good 
plant  and  a  large  business. 

James  R.  Day,  at  37  Weybosset  street,  has  a  well  estabhshed  busi- 
ness, begun  in  1888.  Mr.  Day  is  a  badge  specialist,  but  his  patronage 
among  the  commercial  houses  and  banks  of  the  city  is  large.  He  is  re- 
liable, punctual  in  fulfilling  promises  and  well  liked  by  those  who  are 
his  customers. 

Holland  &  Son,  John  and  Oscar,  conduct  a  small  commercial  plant 
at  131  Washington  street,  the  father  as  pressman  and  the  son  as  com- 
positor. They  have  a  wide  circle  of  friends  and  their  business  is 
profitable. 

The  Ideal  Printing  Company,  45  Eddy  street,  George  H.  Webb, 
proprietor,  is  well  equipped  for  good  work. 

The  Industrial  Printing  Company,  43  South  Main  street,  is  con- 
ducted by  another  hustling  and  enterprising  young  man,  George  H. 
Brown.     Mr.  Brown's  business  has  grown  by  leaps  and  bounds  in  recent 


THE  BOOK  AND  JOB  SECTION  201 

years,  removal  to  more  commodious  quarters  two  years  ago,  promising 
duplication  by  simple  necessity  within  the  near  future. 

The  Oxford  Linotype  Composition  Company  was  organized  in 
August,  1907,  by  Henry  W.  and  John  F.  O'Hara.  One  machine  was 
installed  at  24  North  Main  street.  In  September  the  printing  plant  of 
the  Visitor  was  absorbed  and  the  Oxford  Company  moved  across  the 
street  to  the  old  Visitor  office,  at  27  North  Main  street. 

The  Providence  Printing  Company,  at  24  North  Main  street,  was 
estabUshed  early  in  1907,  by  Hugh  F.  Carroll,  who  has  more  than  once 
in  recent  months  demonstrated  the  possibiHties  of  a  small  plant. 
"Printers  and  Printing  in  Providence"  is  from  the  press  of  the  Provi- 
dence Printing  Co. 

George  W.  Hope  conducts  the  Star  Printing  Co.  at  910  Westmin- 
ster street,  well  known  as  a  Union  house. 

The  Whitney  Press,  at  45  Waldo  street,  has  a  well-equipped 
plant. 

H.  Beck  &  Co.,  191  North  Main  street,  are  new  comers  in  Provi- 
dence. 

Carl  C.  Robb,  a  popular  member  of  No.  33,  in  October,  1907,  opened 
an  office  at  211  Indiana  avenue,  where  he  prints. 

Ralph  Freeman,  in  June,  1907,  became  manager  of  a  small  printing 
plant  owned  by  the  Boys'  Club,  at  Eddy  and  Weybosset  streets. 

The  Capitol  Printing  Company,  95  Westminster  street,  was  organ- 
ized in  1907,  John  F.  Keenan,  Richard  D.  Lacy  and  Frank  G.  Sullivan, 
employes  of  the  Journal  and  Bulletin,  being  the  proprietors.  The 
Capitol  is  almost  the  first  enterprise  in  Providence  conducted  by  print- 
ers who  are  not  directly  connected  with  its  mechanical  department. 

An  imprint  about  1800  reads  "  Printed  by  Nathaniel  and  Benjamin 
Heaton  for  Joseph  J.  Todd,  Providence,  at  the  sign  of  the  Bible  and 
Anchor."  One  of  these  Heatons  was  in  partnership  with  Samuel  J. 
WilHams  in  1804.    No  other  mention  of  the  Heatons  has  been  found. 

Some  of  the  book  and  job  offices  not  otherwise  referred  to  are 
included  in  the  following  fist: 

1824-36 — Henry  Trumbull  at   26  and  34  1833 — Edward    and    J.    W.     Cory    at     9 

High  St.  Market  sq. 

1826 — Barzillai    Cranston    at    10    North  183  3 — James  S.  Ham  and  S.  R.  Weeden 

Main    st.      1828 — Cranston    &   Marshall   at  at  9  Market  sq. 

4    Market    sq.      1830 — Cranston    &    Ham-  1840 — Benjamin   T.    Albro   at    9    Market 
mond    at    1    Union    buildings.      1832 — Bar-  sq.       1844    at    2    Canal    st.       1847-50    at    5 
zillai   Cranston   at    4    Market   sq.      1836   at  Canal  st.      1853-56  at  11  Market  sq. 
14   Market  sq.      1838   and  later  at   1   Mar-  1841 — Benjamin    P.    Moore    at    19    Mar- 
ket  sq.,   where   he   also   conducted   a   book  ket  sq.      1844  at   12  South  Main  st. 
store.  1852 — Marcus    B.    Young    at    2  4    West- 

1826-28 — Smith  &  Parmenter  at   9  Mar-  minster    st.      1859    at    33    Westminster    st. 

ket  sq.  1870 — A.     S.     Reynolds.       1873 — Reynolds 

182  8 — William     Marshall     at     4     Union  (M.   M. ),  Mackinnon    (G.   F. )    &  Trumpler 

buildings.   1830  at  12  Market  sq.      1836  at  (P.  J.)  at  9  Calender  st.     Christian  Union 

19  Market  sq.  and  Daily  Chronicle  were  published  from 


202 


PRINTERS  AND  PRINTING  IN  PROVIDENCE 


the  office  while  at  this  location.     1875  at 

5  Washington  row.  Sunday  Dispatch 
printed  in  the  office.  1878 — Moved  to 
East  Greenwich. 

1854 — Henry  Tilden  at  32  Westminster 
St.  1871  at  29  Weybosset  st.  1880  at  4 
Westminster  st. 

1857 — Henry  L.  Tillinghast  at  9  and 
12  Market  sq. 

1865 — George  H.  Whitney  at  7  Market 
sq.  1871 — Logee  (W.  K.),  Maxfield  (W. 
B.)  &  Co.  1873 — Valpey,  Angell  Co.  & 
Maxfield.  1877-1907 — E.  L.  Freeman  & 
Co.  at  3  Westminster  st. 

1867 — Millard  (S.  M. )  &  Harker  (T. 
M.)  at  131  Dorrance  st.  1869 — S.  M.  Mil- 
lard at  57  Weybosset  st.  1870 — Millard, 
Gray  (C.  C.)  &  Simpson  (T.).  1874— S. 
M.  Millard.    1877 — Millard,  Morris   (J.   F. ) 

6  Co.  (E.  W.  Woodley)  at  111  Broad  st. 
1878 — J.  Frank  Brigss  instead  of  Wood- 
ley.  1879— Peter  H.  Massie.  1882  at  Slade 
building,  Washington  st. 

1871 — James  J.  Easton  at  14  Westmin- 
ster St. 

1871 — M.  A.  Walsh  at  16  North  Main  st. 

1873 — Trumpler  (P.  J.)  &  Burchfield 
(C.   E.)   at  98  Westminster  st. 

1873 — Thomas  A.  Carpenter  &  Co.  at 
125  Broad  st. 

1873-4 — Hutchinson  (A.  S. )  &  Trenn 
(W.  H.)  at  156  Westminster  st. 

1873 — Joseph  F.  Morris  at  20  Westmin- 
ster St.    1874  at  9  Calender  st. 

1874 — Edward  K.  Aldrich  at  24  3  West- 
minster St.  1875 — E.  K.  &  Thomas  W. 
Aldrich.  1878 — E.  K.  Aldrich  at  217  West- 
minster St. 

1875 — Star  Printing  Co.  at  256  Public  st. 

1875 — John  Francis  Smith.  1880  at  49 
Peck  St.  1881  at  21  Friendship  st.  1885 
at  235  Westminster  st.  1891  at  123  Dor- 
rance st.       1S93  at  154  Dorrance  st. 

1875 — William  H.  Tilley  at  5  Marshall 
St.  1879  at  444  High  st.  1880-86  at  606 
High  St. 

1875 — Frank  E.  Nickerson  at  5  Wash- 
ington row. 

1876 — Charles    Atwood    at    2    Major    st. 

1878  at  9  Winter  st. 

1876 — Andrew  P.  Martin  at  359  North 
Main  st. 

1876 — Dow  B.  Talbot  at  18  Cranston  st. 

1878 — Thomas  S.  Hammond  at  49  Wey- 
bosset St.  1882-1907  at  98  Weybosset  st. 
1907  at  26  Custom  House  st. 

1878 — George  B.  Arnold  at  135  South 
Main  st. 

1878 — Henry  N.  Leader  &  Co.  at  87 
Westminster  st. 

1878 — Mylon  C.  Merriam  at  81  West- 
minster St. 

1878— John   S.   Kellogg  at  7   Market  sq. 

1879  at  19  Westminster  st.  1881  at  5 
Washington  row.  1883-89 — Kellogg  Print- 
ing Co. 

1878 — Noah  D.  Payne  at  12  Page  st. 
1879  at  25  Potter  st.  1880  at  82  Academy 
av.  1883 — Yankee  Notion  Printing  Co.  at 
202  Westminster  st.  1888 — Marion  Print- 
ing Co.  at  129  Westminster  st.  1893  at 
157    Westminster    st.      1899    at    25    North 


Main    st.     1900   at    108    Eddy   st.     1904    at 
37  Weybosset  st.    1905-7  at  19  Page  st. 

1879 — W.  Ward  Fuller  at  98  Weybos- 
set. 1880 — Fuller,  Upham  &  Co.  at  91 
Westminster  st.  and  31  Exchange  place. 
1881 — W.  Ward  Fuller.  1882  at  109 
Orange  st. 

1879 — Farmer,  Livermore  &  Co.  at  27 
Custom  House  st.  ;  Richard  D.  Knight  at 
24  Custom  House  st.  1880  at  IS  Custom 
House  St.  1881 — Knight  &  Remington  (R. 
D.  Knight  and  C.  R.  Remington,  Jr.). 
1883 — Livermore    &    Knight. 

1880 — H.  L.  Thompson  &  Co.  at  75 
Westminster  st. 

1880 — J.  C.  Hall  &  Co.  at  62  Weybos- 
set St.  1891  at  60  Weybosset  st.  1899- 
1907 — The  J.  C.  Hall  Co.  at  68  West 
Exchange  st. 

1881 — A.  C.  Beaman  at  3  Weybosset  st. 

1881— Chadsey  (W.  N.)  &  Clarke  (E. 
M.)  at  97  Weybosset  st.  1882  at  23  Wey- 
bosset St.  1888  at  9  Custom  House  st. 
1893 — W.  N.  Chadsey  at  44  Custom 
House  St. 

1881 — H.  A.  Townsend  &  Bro.  at  98 
Weybosset  st.  1882  at  188  Eddy  st.  1883 
— F.  H.  Townsend.  1897-1907  at  95 
Pine  St. 

1881 — Charles  C.  Bigelow  at  97  Wey- 
bosset St.  1882  at  26  Washington  st.  1884 
— Bigelow  Printing  Co.  1888  at  4  5  Eddy 
St.  1889  at  21  Eddy  st.  While  located 
here  the  presswork  for  the  Evening  Call, 
the  daily  newspaper  issued  by  Providence 
Typographical  Union,  was  done  by  this 
company.  In  July  a  Scott  perfecting  press 
was  used. 

1882 — Myron  R.  Briggs  at  30  Admiral 
St.    1884  at  348  North  Main  st. 

1883 — F.   E.   Capron  at   13   Market  sq. 

1883 — Charles  W.  Littell  &  Co.  at  243 
Westminster  st.  1891  at  267  Westminster 
St.  1893  at  333  Westminster  st.  1895  at 
206  Weybosset  st.  1896-1907  at  333  West- 
minster  St. 

1883— Crandall  (W.  C.)  &  Tucker  (H. 
W. )   at  243  Westminster  st. 

1883 — Whittemore  ( D.  H. )  &  Thompson 
(H.  L.)  at  54  North  Main  st.  1886-1907 
— Whittemore  &  Colburn   (J.  G. ). 

1883 — Edwin  B.  Evans  at  18  Hammond 
St.  1886  at  —  Cranston  st.  1890  at  292 
Westminster  st. 

1884 — George  E.  Craiidiill.  Jr..  at  7  Mar- 
ket sq. 

1884— J.  T.  R.  Proctor  at  174  Westmin- 
ster St. 

1884-88 — George  M.  Webb  at  208  Pine  st. 

1884-86— R.  D.  Gerrish  at  1  Irons  Block, 
Olneyville. 

1884 — Almon  B.  Hart  at  235  Westmin- 
ster St. 

1885 — Francis  (R. )  &  Walker  (G.  F. ) 
at  19  Fenner  st. 

1885 — John  H.  Siholield  at  5  Washing- 
ton row. 

1885— George  F.  Chapman  &  Co.  at  27 
Pine  St.  and  62  Weybosset  st.  1894 — Perrv 
Printing  Co.  1895— William  H.  Walton, 
Supt.,  at  25  Pine  st.  1899-1907  at  57  Wey- 
bosset St. 


THE  BOOK  AND  JOB  SECTION 


203 


1885 — A.  H.  Field  &  Co.  at  57  Weybos- 
set  St.  1899  at  186  Mathewson  st.  1903  at 
180  Mathewson  st.  1905  at  124  Washing- 
ton St.     1907  at  775  Westminster  st. 

1886 — Farmer  (E.  G.),  Girsch  (C.  W.) 
&  Co.  at  18  Custom  House-  st.  1887 — B.  G. 
Farmer  &  Co. 

1887 — A.  H.  Gary  at  255  High  st.  1889 
at  33   Snow  st. 

1887 — O.  T.  R.  Greene  at  11  Washing- 
ton St.  1893  at  21  Washington  st.  1907  at 
5  Washington  row. 

1887-8 — N.  L.  McCausland  &  Co.  at  21 
South  Main  st. 

1887-91 — Avondale  Printing  Co.,  Her- 
man L.  Calder,  manager,  at  258  Westmin- 
ster St. 

1888 — Ideal  Card  and  Printing  Co.  at 
65  Dorrance  St.  (P.  W.  Rounds  and  F. 
W.  Smith). 

1888 — E.  W.  Kenyon  at  235  Westmin- 
ster St. 

1888 — Cummings  (M.  J.)  &  Dow  (J.  C.) 
at  771/2  Dorrance  st.  1889 — M.  J.  Cum- 
mings.   1892  at  112  Dorrance  st. 

1888 — Edward  H.  Morrissey  at  235 
Westminster  st. 

1888 — R.  I.  Label  Works  at  33  Beverly 
St.    1895  at  91  Sabin  st. 

1888 — T.  W.  Schurman  at  254  Westmin- 
ster St.     1889  at  262  Westminster  st. 

1888 — Star  Printing  Co.  at  255  West- 
minster St.    David  Seide,  manager. 

1888-9 — Frederick  B.   Wood  at  45  Eddy 

St. 

1889 — George  D.  Niven  &  Co.  at  998 
Broad  st. 

1889 — H.  I.  Gould  &  Co.  at  282  West- 
minster St.  1893-1901  at  400  Westmin- 
ster St. 

1890-92— W.  E.  Burbank  at  227  Eddy  St. 

1890 — Ryder  (James  J.)  &  Dearth 
(Henry  B.)  at  146  Westminster  st.  1892 
—J.  J.  Ryder  Co.  1898-1907  at  47  Wash- 
ington st. 

1890-92— Sholes  (W.  F. )  &  Searle  (E. 
W.)  at  33  Snow  st.  1895  at  Hoppin  Home- 
stead Building.  1898-1905  at  189  Mathew- 
son st. 

1890-1907 — Standard  Printing  Co.  at  5 
Washington   row.    B.   F.    Briggs,   manager. 

1890 — James  N.  Arnold  at  30  Eddy  st. 

1890 — Louis  Basinet  at  255  High  st. 
1891  at  376  High  st.  1893  at  890  West- 
minster St.      1901-7  at  35  Cranston  st. 

1890 — George  A.  Wilson  &  Co.  at  21 
Eddy  St.  1895  at  101  Sabin  st.  1897 — 
Journal  of  Commerce  Co. 

1891 — Standard  Steam  Printing  and  Pub- 
lishing Co.  at  39  Snow  st. 

1891-2 — Walter  J.  Ellis  at  269  West- 
minster St. 

1891 — Charles  H.  Heptonstall  &  Bro.  at 
1076  High  St.     1893  at  1962  Westminster  st. 

1891-3 — E.  A.  Risley  &  Co.  at  24  Cus- 
tom House  St. 

1891 — Sibley  (Edward  F. )  &  Johnson 
(Clarence  P.)  at  107  8  High  st.  1892 — 
Edward  F.  Sibley.  1893  at  1964  Westmin- 
ster St.    1899-1907  at  1  Olneyville  sq. 

1891 — Buker  Publishing  Co.  at  19  West- 
minster St.    1894-9  at  21  Westminster  st. 


1891 — P.  S.  Bowe-n  at  282  Dyer  st. 

1892-3 — Claude  Gardiner  at  366  High  st. 
1893 — Providence  Printing  and  Publishing 
Co  at  874  Westminster  st. 

1892 — R.  I.  Publishing  Co.,  B.  F.  Evans, 
manager,  at  9  Calender  st. 

1892 — Taylor  Card  and  Printing  Co.  at 
4  Mathewson  st.  1893  at  186  Mathewson 
St.  1900  at  179  Richmond  st.  1904  at  257 
West  Exchange  st. 

1893-5 — Chace  (Robert  A.)  &  Young 
(Richard  A.)  at  47  Sprague  st. 

1893 — Providence  Albertype  Co.  at  80 
East  George  st.  1900-2 — Piatt  Albertype 
Co.  at  35  North  Main  st. 

1893 — E.  M.  Clarke  at  41  Dorrance  st. 
1894  at  44  Custom  House  st.  1899-1907  at 
332  Prairie  av. 

1893-1903 — Eagle  Printing  Co.  at  12 
Moulton  St. 

1893 — Ellis  Printing  Co.  at  28  North 
Main  st. 

1893-1901 — Elmwood  Printing  Co.  at  76 
Fifleld  av.    C.  E.  Bailey,  Jr.,  Manager. 

1893 — Herald  Printing  Co.  at  75  West- 
minster St.    1897  at  49  Westminster  st. 

1893— Madden  (P.  C),  Bell  (J.  D.) 
Co.  at  76  Dorrance  st. 

1894 — American  Press  Co.  at  216  Wey- 
bosset   St.     Henry   Lindsay,    proprietor. 

1894 — Diamond  Printing  Co.  at  24  North 
Main  st.  (James  D.  O'Hern  and  Albert 
P.   Doyle.)     1901 — James  D  O'Hern. 

1894 — Pond  (W.  H. )  &  Raymond  (G.) 
at  75  Clifford  st.  1899 — William  H.  Pond 
&  Son  (L.  G.)  at  83  Page  st.  1900  at  110 
Richmond  st. 

1894 — Charles  H.  Ross  at  121  Weybos- 
set  St. 

1895 — Bannon  &  Co.  at  64  North  Main 
St.  (John  L.  Bannon).  1896  at  43  North 
Main  st.  1897  at  874  Westminster  st. 
1900 — H.  W.  Goodnow  &  Co.  1901 — Rapid 
Printing  Co.  at  63  Washington  st. 

1895-7 — Continental  Printing  Co.  at  97 
Dver  St.    James  C.  Gregg,  secretary. 

1895 — John  Cray,  Olneyville  sq.  1899 
at  34  Plainfield  st.  1902  at  16  Plainfield 
St.    1907  at  65  Plainfield  st. 

1895 — Narragansett  Printing  Co.  at  99 
Friendship  st.  1898  at  155  Orange  st. 
1900  at  9  Calender  st.  1901  at  21  Eddy 
St.     1905-7  at  45  Eddy  st. 

1896 — Herbert  Barnett  at  926  Man- 
ton  av. 

1896-1907 — P.  W.  Card  at  741  West- 
minster St. 

1896 — David  Evans  at  767  Westminster 
St.  1897 — Evans  Printing  and  Regalia 
House  at  141  Weybosset  st. 

1896 — Fox  (C.  J.)  &  Saunders  (H.  L. ) 
at  12  Market  sq.  1897  at  137  Weybosset 
St.     1907  at  236  Aborn  st. 

1896 — Globe  Printing  Co.  at  37  Wey- 
bosset St. 

1896 — Gunn  &  Wilcox  at  87  Weybosset 
St.     (Harry  E.   Gunn.) 

1896 — J.  D.  Hall  &  Co.  at  101  Sabin  st. 

1896 — Charles  E.  Littlefleld  at  206 
Weybosset  st. 

1896 — F.  C.  Madden  at  10  West  Ex- 
change St. 


204 


PRINTERS  AND  PRINTING  IN  PROVIDENCE 


1897 — Bacon  (James  G. )  &  Graham 
(Thomas)  Printing  Co.  at  348  Westmin- 
ster St. 

1897 — John  D.  Bradshaw  at  74  Bog- 
man  St.  1898  at  890  Westminster  st.  1899 
at  7  Trasli  st. 

1897 — Cashman  (Asa)  &  Rollinson 
(John)  at  4  7  Washington  st.  1898 — John 
Rollinson  &  Co.  1899  at  97  Dyer  st. 
1906-7 — Rollinson  &  Hey. 

1897-1902 — The  Robinson  Press  at  151 
Pine  St.     (Thomas  C.   Robinson.) 

1897 — Edward  E.  Zulegan  at  612  Doug- 
lass av. 

1898 — Chaffee-Mclndoe  Co.  at  7  Eddv  st. 
1898-1907— H.  T.  Hammond  at  74  Wey- 
bosset  St. 

1898— Edwin  S.  Godfrey  at  207  West- 
minster St. 

1899 — Williams  &  Co.  at  45  Eddv  st. 
(David  H.  Williams).  1903  at  96  Math- 
ewson  St. 

1899 — Williams  (Charles  W.)  &  Pricker 
(Alexander)  at  141  Weybosset  st.  1901- 
5 — Williams,   Fricker  &   Co. 

1899 — Thompson  &  Thompson  (Fred  D. 
and  Henry  L. )  at  163  Pine  st.  1905  at 
52  Richmond  st.     1906-7  at  33  Broad  st. 

1900 — Columbian  Job  Printat  687  Man- 
ton  av.     1904-7 — Sander  P.  Wilson. 

1900-2 — Frost  Bros.  (W.  L.  and  H.  B. ) 
at  233  Ohio  av. 

1900-1 — German- American  Printing  Co. 
at   125   Snow  st.     1902  at   69   Richmond  st. 
1900 — Pentecostal    Printing    Co.    at    877 
Eddy  St.     1904-7  at  212   Oxford  st. 

1900-4 — Place  &  Wells  Co.  at  8  Niantic 
av.      Emory  L.   Place,   manager. 

1901-7 — Brandt  Printing  Co.  at  297 
Canal  st.     (Soloman  S.  Brandt.) 

1901 — F.  Curzio  &  Co.  at  84  Spruce 
St.    1904-5  at  32  Spruce  st. 

1901 — Excelsior  Printing  Co.  at  15  Dor- 
rance  st.  (Frank  S.  Bowen,  manager.) 
1903  at  121  North  Main  st.  1905  at  124 
Washington  st.  1907  at  775  Westmin- 
ster St. 

1901 — New  York  Printing  Co.  at  21 
Washington  st.  1902  at  9  Washington 
row.  1907  at  15  Exchange  place.  (E.  L. 
Meyers. ) 


1901 — Walford  B.  Read  at  1  Olney- 
ville  sq. 

1901-7 — Benoni   Sweet  at   862  Broad  st. 

1902 — Robert  F.  Belcher  at  400  West- 
minster St.     1904  at   124   Washington  st. 

1902 — John  H.  Donahue  at  348  West- 
minster St.  1903 — Empire  Mfg.  and  Print- 
ing Co.  at  131  Washington  st.  (William 
Leach,  J.  H.  Donahue  and  T.  P.  Da\"is. ) 

1902-4 — E.  B.  Evans  &  Co.  at  936  Man- 
ton  av. 

1902 — Keystone  Press  at  77  Dyer  st. 

1902 — H.  K.  Phillips  at  15  Dorarnce  st. 

1902 — George  E.  Williams  at  110  Rich- 
mond  St. 

1903-7 — Acme  Printing  Co.  at  35  West- 
minster St. 

1903-5 — Joseph  G.  Haunch  at  15  Dor- 
rance  st. 

1903 — Maine  Printing  Co.  at  43  Cran- 
ston St. 

1904-7 — W.  H.  Leland  &  Co.  at  144 
Westminster  st. 

1904-7 — Charles  S.  Reynolds  &  Co.  at 
37  Weybosset  st 

1904 — Fred  Smith  at  31  Broad  St. 

1904-6 — Vendome  Mfg.  Co.  at  45  Eddv 

St. 

1904-7 — "^'•eybosset  Printing  Co.  at  141 
Weybosset  st. 

1904 — O.  P.  Clarke  at  98  Weybosset  st. 
1905-7  at  97  Dyer  st. 

1904 — La  Liberta  Publishing  Co.  at  155 
Atwell's  av. 

1904-7 — Colorgraph  Printing  Co.  at  49 
Weybosset  st. 

1905 — Edgewood  Press  at  120  Washing- 
ton St.  ;  1907  at  390  New  York  a  v. 

1905-7 — Providence  Linotype  Co.  at  26 
Custom  House  st. 

1905-7— E.  C.  Spencer  at  8    Niantic    av. 

1906 — Gideon  Carlstrom  at  279  Wey- 
bosset St.  ;  1907  at  13  Burrell  st. 

1906 — C.  M.  Cunha  at  55  Arcade. 

1907 — Aronson  &  Gustafson  at  186M; 
Prairie  ave. 

1907 — Samuel  P.   Harris  at   95   Pine  st. 

1907 — L.  M.  Phelps  &  Co.  at  95  West- 
minster St. 

1907 — International  Printing  Co.  at  155 
Atwell's  av. 


From  1772  until  1793,  "  the  sign  Shakespeare's  Head  was  erected 
upon  a  pole  eight  or  ten  feet  high  on  the  sidewalk  in  front  of  what  is 
now  No.  21  Meeting  street."  The  sign  was  first  mentioned  in  connec- 
tion with  the  Gazette,  July  9,  1763,  when  the  paper  was  published  at 
Judge  Jenckes's  book  shop,  at  the  sign  of  Shakespeare's  Head. 

The  Gazette  was  moved  "  to  the  building  at  the  southeast  corner 
of  the  Market  House,  directly  opposite  the  street  leading  to  Brown  Uni- 
versity," in  1812.  The  building  with  Hugh  H.  Brown's  sign  is  the  one. 
It  was  torn  down  to  widen  College  street. 

In  1827  Market  square  was  a  veritable  printing  house  square,  as 
the  Patriot,  Journal,  Microcosm,  Cadet,  Christian  Telescope,  Religious 
Messenger,  Pawtucket  Chronicle,  Anti-Universalist  and  Rhode  Island 


Early  Printing  Houses 


'SHAKESPEARE'S    HEAD" 
Providence  Gazette,  1772-1793 


"THE  COFFEE   HOUSE" 

Providence  Gazette,  1793-1812 

Rhode  Island  American,  1813-1826 

Providence  Journal,  1820-1823 


"ABBOTT   'STILL'    HOUSE' 

Providence  Gazette,  1812-1825 

H.  H.  Brown,  1856-1863 


"THE   GRANITE   BUILDING" 

Providence  Journal,  1824-1833 

Centre  of  Printing  Industry  in  1827 


THE  BOOK  AND  JOB  SECTION 


205 


Register,  together  with  numerous  printing  offices,  were  located  there. 
The  buildings  in  which  they  were  located  were  the  Granite  building 
and  the  Old  Coffee  House. 

The  great  gale  of  1815  occurred  on  September  23.  In  a  diary  kept 
by  Bennett  H.  Wheeler,  now  in  possession  of  Mrs.  Frederick  R.  Hoard, 
is  a  vivid  account  of  the  terrific  storm  of  wind  and  water,  and  of  his 
efforts  to  rescue  his  family  and  others  from  the  flood.  Mr.  Wheeler  and 
Capt.  Josiah  Jones  were  at  that  time  publishers  of  the  Patriot.  Their 
printing  house  was  at  the  corner  of  Market  square  and  North  Main 
street.    From  this  point  Capt.  Jones  witnessed  the  carrying  away  of  the 

bridge.  The  first  vessel  that  dashed  

against  it  brought  up,  but  the 
second  one  made  a  clean  sweep 
through,  and  the  bridge  was  gone. 

Barzillai  Cranston  was  at  work 
at  the  time  of  the  gale  in  the  office 
of  the  Rhode  Island  American,  then 
located  in  the  third  story  of  the 
Old  Coffee  House,  corner  Market 
square  and  North  Water  street, 
(now  Canal  street.)  About  10 
o'clock  the  hurricane  drove  in  two 
or  three  of  the  windows,  and  the 
printers  accepted  that  demonstra- 
tion as  a  notice  to 'quit. 

The  Providence  Directory  was 
first  printed  in  1824  by  Brown  & 
Danforth,  (H.  H.  Brown  and  Walter 
R.  Danforth);  in  1826  by  CarHle 
&  Brown,  (Francis  Y.  Carlile);  in 
1828,  '30,  '32,  '36,  '38,  '41, '44, '47, '50, 

'53  and  thereafter  annually  until  1860  by  H.  H.  Brown.  June  1,  1860, 
Brown  sold  his  interest  in  the  Directory  to  Adams,  Sampson  &  Co.,  of 
Boston,  who  have  continued  to  pubHsh  it  since.  Some  changes  in  the 
name  of  the  firm  have  occurred. 

Providence  has  had  several  weekly  newspapers  that  depended  upon 
the  revenue  received  from  advertisements  for  their  expenses,  and  were 
distributed  free  to  the  public.  The  most  notable  one  was  the  General 
Advertiser,  started  in  1847  by  Cornelius  S.  Jones,  son  of  Josiah  Jones. 
It  had  an  existence  of  more  than  40  years. 

Comparatively  few  books  have  been  produced  in  Providence  print- 
ing offices.    The  pubhcations  of  the  city  and  state  governments  have 


JOSIAH    JONES 


206 


PRINTERS  AND  PRINTING  IN  PROVIDENCE 


been  the  most  important  and  also  the  most  profitable.  Few  of  the 
periodicals  issued  have  had  either  a  healthy  or  extended  existence. 
The  following  is  an  incomplete  hst  of  the  latter : 


Liberty's  Ccntinel.    S.  J.  Williams.    1803. 

Rhode  Island  Farmer.  Weekly.  David 
Heaton  and   Benoni   Williams.      1804-0.5. 

Providence  Centinel  and  War  Chronicle. 
Weekly.  Herman  B.  and  Daniel  Man. 
1212. 

Rhode  Island  Literary  Repository.  Month- 
ly.   Isaac  Bailey,  editor.     1814. 

■Invenile  Gazette.  Origen  Bachelor.  Wil- 
liam H.   Smith,  successive  editors.    1818. 

Rhode  Island  Register.  H.  H.  Brown. 
1819. 

Religiotis  Intelligencer.  Weekly.  James  D. 
Knowles,  editor.  May  13,  1820,  to  Nov. 
4,  1820.  Barber  Badger.  May  26, 
1821-24. 

Rhode  Island  Baptist.    Allen  Brown.    1823. 

The  Beacon.     William  S.   Spear.      1823-2  6. 

The  Ladies'  Magazine.     Monthly.      1823. 

Hopkinsian  Magazine.  Otis  Thompson. 
1824-40. 

Christian  Telescope.  Rev.  David  Picker- 
ing. Jacob  Frieze.  1824-29.  (Univer- 
salist). 

Town  and  Country.    1825.     (Temperance). 

The  Ladies'  Museum.  Eaton  W.  Maxcv. 
1825. 

Religious  Messenger.  Weekly.  Origen 
Bachelor.  1825.  James  N.  Seaman. 
1826.    William  Goodell.    1827-28. 

Literary  Museum..    Eaton  W.  Maxcy.    182  6. 

Literary  Cadet  and  Saturday  Evening  Bul- 
letin. Weekly.  Smith  &  Parmenter. 
1826.     Semi-weekly.     1827-29. 

Free  Will  Baptist  Magazine.  Quarterly. 
Zalmon  Tobey.    1826.    Monthly.    1828-30. 

Anti-Universalist.     Origen  Bachelor.     1827. 

The  Investigator  and  General  Intelli- 
gencer. James  B.  Yerrington.  1827-2  8. 
Removed   to   Boston. 

Gospel  Preacher.  David  Pickering.  182  7. 
(Universalist. ) 

Juvenile  Gazette.  Weeklv.  Oliver  Ken- 
dall, Jr.     1828. 

The  Toilet  or  Ladies'  Cabinet  of  Litera- 
ture. Weekly.  Owen  G.  Warren,  Samuel 
M.    Fowler,   successive  editors.      182  8-29. 

The  Original.  Monthly.  Frances  H.  Whip- 
ple, editor.     1829. 

Beacon  Light.     W.  A.  Brown.      1829. 

The  Brunonian.  Monthly  during  college 
year.  1829-31.  Revived  in  1868.  Con- 
ducted by  the  undergraduates. 

The  Little  Geniiis.     W.  A.  Brown.      1829. 

Literary  Subaltern.  Semi-weekly.  S.  S. 
Southworth.  editor.  William  Marshall 
and  John  S.  Hammond,  printers.  Jan. 
1.  1829.  Weekly.  June  30,  1829.  J.  W. 
D.  Hall  and  Brown  Simmons.  Oct.  2, 
1829.     Brown  Simmons.     Oct.  15,  1830-32. 

The  Olla  Podrida.     John  Bisbee.      1830. 

Juvenile  Repository.  Samuel  S.  Wilson. 
1830. 

Providence  Free  Press.  Stearns  &  Whea- 
ton.      1830.      (Anti-Masonic.) 

Chronicle  of  the  Times.  Semi-weekly. 
Binnttt   H.  Wliceler.      1831. 


R.  I.  Journal  and  Sunday  School  and  Bible 
Class  Advocate.  Rev.  David  Benedict. 
1831. 

R.  I.  Temperance  Advocate.  Fortnightly. 
Jos.  A.  Whitmarsh.     1833. 

Literary  Journal  and  Weekly  Register  of 
Scie7ice  and  Fine  Arts.  Albert  G.  Greene, 
editor.     1833-34. 

City  Gazette.     Weekly.      1834. 

The  Constitutionalist.  1834.  (Suffrage 
extension). 

New  England  Family  Visitor  and  Literary 
Journal.  Weekly.  Knowles  &  Bur- 
roughs, publishers.     1834. 

The  Voice  of  the  People.    Mr.  Doyle.    1834. 

The  Pupil's  Monitor.  Fortnightly.  Silas 
Weston.      1834. 

Free  Will  Baptist  Quarterly.  1835-56. 
Removed  to  Dover,  N.  H. 

The  Light.     Joseph  A.   Whitmarsh.      1835. 

More  Light.     Jacob  Frieze.     1835. 

The  Penny  Post.  Weekly.  Samuel  S. 
Wilson.      1835. 

The  Weekly  Visitor.  Samuel  S.  Wilson. 
1835. 

Rhode  Island  Temperance  Herald.  Week- 
ly. Charles  Jewett,  L.  D.  Johnson,  Abel 
Stevens,   successive  editors.      1838-40. 

Providence   Temperance  Herald.      1838-39. 

The  Cradle  of  Liberty.  Monthly.  1839. 
(Anti-slavery.) 

John  the  Baptist.  John  Tillinghast,  edi- 
tor.     1840-43.      (Six   Principle   Baptist.) 

Gospel  Messenger.  Weekly.  Zephaniah 
Baker,  S.  P.  Landers,  A.  A.  Davis,  Har- 
vey Bacon  and  Dunbar  B.  Harris  were 
at  different  times  editors.  1840-43. 
(Universalist.) 

Gaspee  Torchlight.  Weekly.  William  R. 
Watson,  editor.  1840.  (Campaign 
paper — Whig.) 

The  Extinguisher.  Weekly.  Jacob  Frieze, 
editor.  1840.  (Campaign  paper — Demo- 
crat.) 

Cold  Water  Gazette.  Wyllis  Ames.  1840. 
(Temperance   campaign    paper.) 

The  Samaritan.  Samuel  S.  Ashley,  Thomas 
Tew,  editors.  Weekly  and  later  fort- 
niglitly.      1841. 

Narragansett  Chief.  Weekly.  Joseph  M. 
Church.      184  2. 

The  Suffrage  Exaininer.  1841.  (Anti- 
slav«'r>\ ) 

Christian  Soldier.  Fortnightly.  J.  Whit- 
temon',  T.  H.  Bachelor,  editors.  1842- 
4  3.      (I'^ree  Will  Baptist.) 

Independent  Weekly.    W.S.Sherman.    184  4. 

Tribune  of  the  People.      1846. 

R.  I.  Temperance  Pledge.  Amsbury  & 
Lincoln.      184  7. 

The  Day  Star.      1849-50. 

Constellutio7i.  E.  S.  Hill,  John  Muijilo, 
Henry   L.    Tillinghast.      18,50. 

R.  I.  Educalional  Magazine.  E.  R.  Potter, 
editor.       1S.-.2-.54. 

Una.  Monthly.  Mrs.  Paulina  Wright. 
1853-54.      In    tlie   interest   of   women. 


THE  BOOK  AND  JOB  SECTION 


207 


R.  I,  Freevian.  Dunbar  B.  Harris.  1854- 
57.      (Anti-slavery.) 

The  Schoolmaster.  Monthly.  Rev.  Robert 
Allyn,  editor.  1856.  W.  A.  Mowry. 
editor.  1857-74.  Thomas  W.  Bicknell, 
editor.  1874-75.  Merged  with  N.  E. 
Journal  of  Education. 

The  Gleaner.    1855.    High  school  students. 

Bangs'  Trumpet.  Weekly.  N.  Bangs 
Williams.      1857-58. 

High  School  Magazine.     1858. 

Providence  Preacher.  Monthly.  Rev. 
Thomas  Williams.      1858-59. 

Delphic  Oracle.   High  school  students.   1862. 

Voice  of  the  Truth.  Monthly.  J.  H.  Lons- 
dale.     1864-73.      (Religious.) 

The  Bibliomanias.     S.  S.  Rider.      1867. 

New  World.  Weekly.  T.  A.  Carpenter. 
1869-71. 

R.  I.  Lantern.     Weekly.     1870. 

Three  Links.  G.  T.  Bradley,  John  C.  Kerr. 
1870. 

Temple  of  Honor.  Monthly.  Ferrin  & 
Hammond.  1871-76.  In  the  interest  of 
temperance. 

New  England  Register.  T.  A.  Carpenter. 
1871.  In  the  interest  of  mill  operatives, 
who  were  striving  to  obtain  a  10-hour 
day. 

Freemasons'  Repository.  Weekly.  Fer- 
rin &  Hammond.  1871.  Monthly.  E. 
L.    Freeman   &   Sons.      1882-1907. 

Ottrs  Illustrated.  Monthly.  Webb  Broth- 
ers &  Co.      1872-73. 

Yours.  Weekly.  Trumpler  &  Burchfleld. 
1873. 

Living  Christian.  Weekly.  D.  Schindler, 
editor.      1873. 

Herald  of  the  Centennial.  Monthly.  By 
Providence  women  in  the  interest  of  the 
Centennial  Exhibition.      1875. 

Church  Union.  Edward  E.  Nickerson. 
1875. 

Town  and  Country.  Weekly.  S.  B.  Keacli. 
1875-79. 

The  Record.  Weekly.  Rev.  W.  G.  Com- 
stock.      1875. 

Weekly  Visitor.  (Catholic.)  1875.  Dr. 
Michael  T.  Walsh,  editor.  1876.  Provi- 
dence Visitor.  Incorporated  1881.  Wil- 
liam F.  Kennefick,  manager.  1897.  James 
I.    Conway,   manager.      1905-07. 

Weekly  Visitor.  1876.  Removed  to  Cen- 
tral Falls. 

Providence  Anzeiger.  F.  Rueckert.  1876. 
Gustav  Saacke.      1890-1907. 

Odd  Fellows'  Register.  Reynolds  &  Mac- 
kinnon.      1877. 

The  Jeweler.    Monthly.    W.J.Pettis.     1877. 

High  School  Budget.      1877. 

Deutscher  Anzeiger.  Weekly.  Karl  Peter- 
man.      1878. 

Providence  Times.  Weekly.  W.  H.  Goffe. 
1878. 

The  Cosmopolitan.     "Weekly.      187  8-79. 

The  Parrott.  Monthly.  Porthouse,  Carle- 
ton  &  Goffe.      1878. 

The  Echo.      1879. 

Providence  Herald.  Weekly.  Brown  & 
Corbett  (E.  A.)  1879.  A.  D.  Sawin. 
1887.      Now    Corbett's   Herald. 

Confidential  Reporter.  Monthly.  J.  C. 
Gooding.      1880. 


Providence    Indicator.      Weekly.       Claude 

DeHaven.      1881-88. 
The  Peoiile.     John  F.   Smith.      1881. 
N.   E.   Anzeiger.    C.   C.     Hentzmann.     1881. 
Narragansett  Historical  Register.  Monthly. 

James   N.    Arnold.      1882-1891. 
Household    Magazine.       Monthly.       D.     P. 

Buker,   Jr.      1882-86. 
The     Hypophet.       High     school     students. 

1882-83. 
R.   I.    Wochenblatt.      Weekly.      W.    Alden- 

kircher.      1883. 
The  Comet.      1883. 

Art  Folio.      J.  A.  &  R.  A.   Reid.      1883. 
Book  Notes.     Sidney  S.  Rider.      1883-1907. 
The  Manufacturing  Jeioeler.    Monthly.    Al- 
bert   Ullman,    John    A.    McCloy.      1883. 

Fortnightly.      Walter    B.    Frost.       1884- 

90.      Weekly.      1890-1907. 
Bilker's  Illustrated  Monthly.     D.  P.  Buker, 

Jr.      1884-94. 
The  Rhode  Islander.     Weekly.     1884-94. 
The  Helper.     D.   P.   Buker.      1885. 
R.  I.  Citizen.     Benj.  F.  Evans.     1884-85. 
The    Outlook.      Mary    A.    Babcock.      1885- 

1905. 
Missionary  Helper.    Mrs.  M.   M.   Brewster. 

1885-86. 
Short  Hand  and  Type  Writing.     Monthly. 

1885. 
R.    I.    Farmer.      Weekly.      F.    E.    Carbett. 

1886-87. 
Commercial     Bulletin.       Weekh'.       D.     P. 

Buker,    Jr.      1886-90. 
Black  Board  and  Crayon.   Quarterly.    1879- 

81.        Sunday      School      Sxt,perintendent. 

Monthly.      1881.      E.    G.    Taylor,    editor. 

1879-87.      Miss    L.     O.     Ordway,     editor. 

1SS7. 
The     Times.        Robert     Grieve.        1887-88. 

(Railroad  and  steamboat  guide.) 
The  Paper.     Weekly.     Charles  G.  Wilkins, 

editor.      1888. 
Rhode   Island  Repiihlicun.      E.   A.   Corbett. 

1887. 
Foresters'  Repository.     Fortnightly.     F.  N. 

Shaw.      1888. 
Beulah  Items.     Monthly.      Rev.   F.  A.   Hil- 

lery.       1888.      Beulah    Christian.       1892- 

1904.      Weekly.      1905. 
Olneyville      Times..      Weekly.        Sibley     & 

Johnson.      1888-93.      Edward    F.    Sibley. 

1894-1907. 
R.    I.    Military    Journal.      Monthly.      Cole- 
man Wells.      1889. 
hidependent    Citizen.      Weekl>'.      John    H. 

Larry,   editor.      1889-98. 
Board   of    Trade   Journal.      Little    &    Bos- 
worth.      1889-93.     Providence  Journal  of 

Commerce.      J.    D.    Hall,    Jr.,    George   A. 

Wilson,  Robert  Grieve.     1893-9  8.      Joxir- 

nal    of    Commerce    and   Board    of    Trade 

Journal.      1899-1907. 
Rental  Guide.     Lake,  Shibley  &  Co.     1888. 

B.    S.   Lake  &   Co.      1889-1907. 
Tiden.     Weekly.     Dr.  J.   F.  Haller.      1889. 

William    Hallender.       1891.       (Swedish.) 
Broicn   Magazine.      Monthly.      1890.      Con- 
solidated with  The  Brvnonian    1898. 
The  Critic.     Weekly.      E.   A.   Risley  &   Co. 

1890. 
Providence   Ledger.      Weekl.\'.      J.   D.   Hall, 

Jr.      1890-91. 


208 


PRINTERS  AND  PRINTING  IN   PROVIDENCE 


R.  I.  Military  Journal.      1890-94. 
The    Watchman.      Weekly.      Jolin    Water- 
man.     1890. 

N.  E.  Torchlight.     J.  W.  Hender.son.    1890- 
1907. 

N.   E.    Wine   Merchant   and   Brewers'    Ga- 
zette.     F.  E.   Corbett.      1890-92. 

Financial  News.      H.   K.    Stokes.      1890. 

Church  Messenger.      Monthly.      Mis.s   Cora 
A.    Wells,    editor.     1891.     (  Y.  P.  S.  C.  E. ) 

Pomona  Herald.     A.   S.   Fitz.      1891.     (Ag- 
riculture.) 

Home      Guard.        Monthly.        Mrs.      B.      T. 
Smith.      1891-1900. 

The     World.       Louis     G.     Phillips.       1891. 
(Daily  and  Sunday.) 

Brown    Daily    Herald.       1891-1907.       Con- 
ducted   by   the   undergraduates. 

About    Town.      Weekly.  "   W.    W.    Spencer. 
1892-93. 

R.    I.    Republican.      Weekly.      E.    A.    Cor- 
bett.     1892-1907. 

Roger    Williams   Herald.      1892. 

R.     I.      Anti-Cruelty     JournaX.        Monthly. 
J.   D.    Hall,   Jr.      1892. 

Courrier  du  Rhode  Island.    Weekly.    J.   B. 
de   Vicq   de   Cumptich.     1892.     (French.) 

Providence    Allehander.      Weekly.      1892. 

Framat.     Weekly.     M.  Halting  &  Co.     1893. 

Le  Philanthrope.  Monthly.   1893.    (French.) 

The  Church  Bells.      1893. 

Greater     Providence     Magazine.         P.     W. 
Lovell.      1893. 

Olneyville    Tribune.      Weekly.      David    E. 
Parmenter.      1893-94. 

Atlantic    Medical     Weekly.       Fredeiick    T. 
Rogers.      1893-98. 

R.  I.  Medical  Science.     Monthly.      1893-95. 

Dimes     and     Dollars.       Monthly.       G.     A. 
Millay.      1893. 

Providence    Commercial    Bulletin.       J      D. 
Hall  &  Co.      1894. 

R.  I.  Israelite.     Samuel  Mason.     1894. 

Narragunsett     Observer.         H.     E.     Lewis. 
1894. 

Jewelry  Magazine.     Monthly.     W.  F.  Teft 
1895. 

Folket's  Rost.      Weekly.      John    Charholm. 
1895-96. 

The  Pointer.      John    H.    Larry.      1895-97. 

German     Evangelical     Church     Messenger. 
Monthly.      Rev.    F.    B.   Cunz.      1895-96. 

Faith  and  Works.     Weekly.     G.  G.  I<"ra.ser 
1896-1900. 

Weekly  Messenger.    C.   E.   LittlcfieUl.    1896. 

L'Atirora    Novella.       Weekly.       Collano    & 
Evans.      1896. 

N.  E.   Brewers'  and   lAqnor  Dealers'  Jour- 
nal.     1896. 

Nursing      World.        Monthly.        Harry      O. 
Brown,  M.   1).      1896. 

L'Eco  Del  Rhode  Island.     Weekly.      Frcd- 
erico    Curzio.      1897.      (Italian.) 


Skandinavia.     Thorsten    Berzelius.       1897. 

Arvid  Janson^.      1898.     C.  J.  Ljangstrom. 

1900-07. 
Providence   Triangle.      Fortnightly.      1897- 

98. 
Jewelers'     Herald.       Weekly.       Claflin     & 

Angell.      1898-99. 
Manufacturers'    Gazette.      Albert    Chaffee. 

1898. 
Club    Life.        Quarterly.        A.    A.     Fraser. 

1898-1907. 
Providence    Despatch.        Weekly.        E.     A. 

Corbett.      1898-1907. 
Providence    Herold.      Weekly.      W.    Brend. 

1898-99.      (German.) 
American   Historical   Register.      1899. 
Providence    Weekly   Guide.     W.    E.    Clark. 

1899-1903. 
Brown      Alumni      Monthly.         Henry       R. 

Palmer,   editor.      1900. 
R.   I.  Picket.      Monthly.      F.    E.   Carpenter, 

editor.      1900.      (Sons  of  Veterans.) 
Providence    Medical    Journal.      Quarterly. 

1900. 
Providence   Watchman.      Rev.    W.   S.    Hol- 
land.     1900-03.     (In   the   interest  of  col- 
ored people. ) 
Svea.        Weekly.        Arvid    Janson.        1900. 

John    S.    Osterberg.      1901.      Aron    Matt- 
son.      1902-07. 
New  England   Woodman.    Monthly.    M.   M. 

Pierce.      1900-01. 
The    Sepiad.       Monthly.       1901.       (Women 

students  at  Brown  University.)      Now  a 

quarterly. 
Association    Notes.      Weekly.      Alfred    Ar- 

mitage.      1901-07.      ( Y.  M.  C.  A.) 
Publicity.      Monthly.      1902-03. 
R.   I.  Advertiser.      Monthly.     J.   S.   Grisin- 

ger.      1899-1906.      F.   R.   Jelleff.      1907. 
La  Liberta.      Weekly.      F.   Moracci.      1902. 

Alfred    Pisco.      1903-04.      Vittorio   Tala- 

mini.      1905-07. 
Providence    Weekly   Official   Guide.      1904- 

07. 
Providence  Anzeiger.     Weekly.     Dr.   Felix 

Hamburger.      1904-07. 
The    Bowler.       Weekly.       C.     P.     Shattuck. 

1905. 
Le  Petit  Journal.     Weekly.     J.  S.   Bowdon. 

1905. 
The   State.      Weekly.      1905-07. 
N.    E.    Automobile    Journal.       KortiiightU-. 

1906-07. 
Standard  Weekly.    Louis  Blumenthal.    1906. 
Ike  Advance.      1907. 
Le  Courrier.      Weekly.      1907. 
Daily  Trade  Record.      1907. 
The    Uni07i    Man's   Reference   Guide.      3.    S. 

Houle,   editor.      1907. 
'I'he    Union    Worker    Magazine.      Clarenct> 

Spooner.      1907. 
R.  I.  Label  League  Bulletin.       P.  L.  Murtha. 

Charles   H.    Lee.      1907. 


REMINISCENT 

THE   ORIGINAL   NIGHT   LUNCH   MAN. 
Walter  Scott. 

Walter  Scott,  newspaper  pressman,  veteran  fireman  and  originator  of  the  night 
lunch  wagon  business,  was  born  in  Cumberland,  R.  I.,  Nov.  28,  1841.  The  family  re- 
moved to  Providence  when  Walter  was  very  young.  At  the  age  of  eleven  he  left  school 
to  go  to  work,  as  his  father  had  become  blind.  Scott  peddled  candy,  fruit  and  news- 
papers, going  into  the  jewelry  and  machine  shops,  foundries  and  printing  offices.  News 
was  brought  from  Europe  by  ships  in  those  days,  and  the  Crimean  war  and  Indian  mutiny 
caused  the  newspapers  to  issue  extras,  which  the  boys  would  sell,  crying  three  or  five 
days  later  from  Europe,  as  the  case  might  be.  Gradually  Scott  added  little  pies,  sand- 
wiches and  coffee  to  his  bill  of  fare,  until  in  1858,  the  morning  newspaper  printers  in- 
duced him  to  visit  the  composing  rooms  at  midnight  and  serve  lunch. 

He  learned  to  run  the  printing  presses,  and  all  through  the  Civil  War  he  was  depended 
upon  for  work  when  some  pressman  was  sick  or  extra  work  was  to  be  done.  He  had  been 
rejected  by  the  army  doctors  because  of  defective  eyesight.  In  the  early  days  of  the 
war  an  extra  Journal,  half -sheet,  was  issued  four  times  a  day,  but  when  George  W.  Dan- 
ielson  came  to  the  paper,  in  1863,  the  Evening  Bulletin  took  its  place.  Scott  worked  on 
it  more  or  less,  and  in  July,  1863,  had  his  left  hand  caught  in  the  gear  of  the  double 
cylinder  press  and  badly  mangled.  The  power  was  not  on,  but  his  assistant,  Abel  Head, 
threw  the  press  off  the  centre  when  Scott  had  his  hand  in  it,  setting  an  ink  roller.  With 
presence  of  mind  he  calmly  said,  "Abe,  turn  that  press  back  a  little,"  so  that  Abe  would 
not  get  rattled  and  turn  the  wrong  way.  When  free,  Scott  walked  around  to  where  Dan- 
ielson  was  making  up  a  "form,"  the  blood  spouting  from  the  severed  artery.  The  sight 
was  too  much  for  Danielson  and  he  fainted.  Scott  would  soon  have  fainted,  too,  but  Fred 
Ryder,  the  mail  clerk,  grabbed  his  arm  as  hard  as  he  could,  pressed  his  thumbs  on  the 
broken  artery,  and  stopped  the  bleeding  as  much  as  possible  until  a  surgeon  arrived.  Al- 
though the  wound  took  four  months  to  heal,  Scott  was  back  at  work  in  three  days  with 
one  arm  in  a  sling. 

At  this  time  Scott  was  a  member  of  hand  engine  Union  3,  housed  on  Page  street, 
and  when  that  company  was  disbanded  to  put  in  a  steamer,  he  joined  Ocean  7,  on  Rich- 
mond street,  remaining  a  member  while  that  company  existed. 

When  important  war  news  came  on  Sunday,  Scott  would  arrange  with  Danielson  to 
get  out  an  extra  at  his  own  risk,  paying  a  certain  sum  per  hundred  for  the  papers  and 
doing  the  press  work  himself.  He  would  then  distribute  them  to  the  newsboys,  some- 
times on  shares,  and  when  the  city  was  supplied,  he  would  hire  a  carriage  and  go  through 
the  towns  of  the  Blackstone  Valley.  When  Lee  surrendered,  he  tried  to  sell  a  big  edition 
and  got  stuck  on  1400  copies. 

When  the  Morning  Star  was  started  Scott  took  a  regular  situation  as  pressman  on 
it.  At  this  time  he  was  an  active  member  of  Providence  Typographical  Union,  of  which 
he  is  now  an  honorary  member.  He  stopped  working  as  a  pressman  when  he  bought  his 
first  lunch  wagon.  At  the  beginning  he  had  not  intended  to  sell  from  the  wagon,  but  to 
use  it  to  carry  his  baskets  and  coffee  from  place  to  ploce.  After  a  while  he  would  find  a 
few  persons  waiting  to  get  a  lunch  from  him  when  he  came  out.  Restaurants  were  not 
open  after  8  p.  m.  at  that  time.  Finally  he  found  it  most  profitable  to  have  his  wagon  ( a 
covered  express)  stand  in  one  place,  with  a  boy  to  attend  it  while  he  visited  other  cus- 
tomers. It  stood  in  front  of  the  Barton  block  for  16  years,  when  the  Journal  occupied 
that  building.  Danielson  usually  left  the  office  at  2  a.  m.  He  preferred  to  ride  to  his 
home  on  Broadway  in  Scott's  wagon  than  to  walk  or  to  take  one  of  the  night  hacks,  and 
for  seven  years,  until  within  four  weeks  of  his  death,  he  rode  home  in  Scott's  lunch 
wagon.  Danielson  had  great  sympathy  for  his  employes  and  knew  them  all  intimately. 
But  he  was  very  much  shocked  at  one  time,  when  one  whom  he  trusted  greatly  went  on 
a  spree  and  came  to  him  with  a  story  that  his  wife  was  dead  and  borrowed  $50.  Next 
day  the  wife  came  to  the  office  in  search  of  her  husband. 

Night  lunch  wagons  increased  faster  than  the  business  warranted.  The  demand 
caused  one  firm  in  Worcester,  Mass.,  to  go  into  the  business  of  building.  A  wagon  that 
customers  could  go  into  was  produced,  and  then  the  business  spread  all  over  the  country. 
But  the  beginning  was  with  Scott's  old  covered  express  wagon. 


210 


PRINTERS  AND  PRINTING  IN  PROVIDENCE 


THE  BIRTH   OF  THE   LINOTYPE. 
John  Burger. 

In  the  year  1886  there  was  shipped  from  Baltimore  to  the  office  of  the  New  York 
Tribune  the  first  Mergenthaler  linotype  machine  that  was  ever  built.  It  was  the  inven- 
tion of  Ottmar  Mergenthaler,  a  watchmaker  by  trade  and  a  mechanical  genius  of  great 
ability.  It  had  been  on  exhibition  in  Baltimore.  The  machine  was  different  in  construc- 
tion but  not  in  principle  from  the  linotype  of  to-day.  It  had  a  vertical  single  magazine, 
not  interchangeable ;  a  mold  which  would  cast  but  one  size  of  body  and  up  to  22  ems 

measure ;  only  one-letter  matrices,  largest 
face  11  point,  delivered  by  an  air-blown  at- 
tachment. The  first  12  machines  built  were 
installed  in  the  offices  of  the  New  York 
Tribune  and  Louisville  Courier-Journal. 
These  were  followed  by  the  manufacture 
of  a  second  lot  of  100,  which  were  distri- 
buted between  the  Chicago  Daily  News, 
Washington  Post,  New  York  Tribune  and 
Louisville  Courier-Journal  to  the  number 
of  65,  leaving  35  on  hand  at  the  factory. 
Up  to  this  point  it  certainly  could  not  be 
claimed  that  the  machine  had  proved  either 
a  pecuniary  or  practical  success.  But  sev- 
eral of  the  larger  stockholders  were  also 
influential  newspaper  proprietors  and  they 
were  determined  to  fully  test  the  labor-sav- 
ing device.  It  was  at  a  time  when  the  suc- 
cess of  the  machine  looked  very  dubious 
that  the  management  of  the  Providence 
Journal  decided  to  install  a  battery.  The 
shipping,  setting  up  and  initial  operation 
was  looked  after  by  one  of  the  stockholders 
of  the  Mergenthaler  Company  in  person 
and  no  expense  was  spared  in  the  effort  to 
make  a  good  showing.  Up  to  this  time  all 
machines  manufactured  had  been  installed 
in  offices  of  stockholders,  and  the  Provi- 
dence Journal  was  the  first  disinterested 
newspaper  to  experiment  with  them.  The 
first  few  months'  operation  of  the  machines  in  Providence  was  neither  encouraging  to 
the  Mergenthaler  Company  nor  satisfactory  to  the  management  of  the  Journal.  It  was 
realized  that  the  discarding  of  the  machines  by  the  Journal,  on  account  of  impracti- 
cability, would  mean  at  least  temporary  failure  and  heavy  financial  loss  to  the  stock- 
holders. Changes  were  instituted  in  the  Journal  composing  room  with  gratifying  results, 
and  in  a  short  time  the  Providence  Journal  was  credited  with  being  the  pioneer  establish- 
ment to  demonstrate  the  success  of  the  Mergenthaler  typesetting  machine  as  a  substitute 
for  the  old  method  of  hand  composition.  From  that  time  dates  the  now  almost  universal 
use  of  the  Mergenthaler  linotype  machine,  those  now  in  operation  being  known  as  the 
second  model,  the  first  model  being  discarded. 

UNACCEPTABLE  APPRECIATION. 
Joseph  W.  Belcher. 

A  picturesque  old  printer  who  used  to  work  occasionally  for  the  R.  I.  Printing  Co. 
was  William  Bittman.  The  last  heard  of  him  he  was  enjoying  a  pension,  having  been  a 
soldier  in  the  Civil  War,  and  was  spending  his  winters  at  Los  Angeles,  Cal.,  and  his  sum- 
mers at  Denver,  Col.  Bittman  would  occasionallj'  imbibe  too  much.  On  one  of  these 
occasions  he  was  unable  to  work  for  several  days,  and  the  foreman,  John  A.  Belcher,  sent 
John  E.  Hurley  (then  apprentice)  to  Bittman's  house  to  see  what  the  matter  was,  as 
every  man  was  needed  to  get  out  some  hurried  work.  On  his  return.  Hurley  said  he 
found  the  old  man  in  bed  and  pretty  sick  from  the  effects  of  his  intemperance.  He  tried, 
but  ineffectually,  to  conceal  the  cause  of  his  sickness.  Then,  dropping  all  reserve,  he 
pleaded  with  Hurley  to  deceive  the  foreman,  evidently  feeling  afraid  he  would  lose  his 
job  if  the  truth  were  known.  "  Don't  give  me  away,  John,"  whined  the  old  man.  "Tell 
him  a  big  lie,  John  ;  you  can  do  it ! " 


THE  FIRST  LINOTYPE 


THE  BOOK  AND  JOB  SECTION  211 


A  WESTERNER'S  VISIT  IN   1885. 
Franklin  Heimbach. 

I  worked  in  Providence  in  the  spring  of  1885.  Charies  P.  Stiles,  Charley  Ayres,  Daniel 
Wilson  and  William  A.  Orahood  (killed  by  cars)  were  there  together.  We  all  worked  on 
the  Evening  Telegram.  Its  compositors  were  a  fine  lot  of  gentlemen  case-holders. 
Richard  J.  Faulkner  was  chairman,  and  in  handing  out  copy  mornings,  if  the  regular  was 
not  there  when  time  was  called,  he  would  hand  the  "take"  to  the  nearest  "sub."  This 
beat  anything  I  had  ever  seen.  If  the  regular  came  up  the  stairs  at  that  moment,  he  was 
lost  and  had  to  go  back  again,  and  the  chances  are  he  would  go  right  across  the  street  to 
the  old  Englishman's  and  get  himself  a  glass  of  ale  to  drown  his  bad  luck.  We  were  all 
Western  printers,  and  it  was  some  time  before  we  could  get  used  to  drinking  ale,  with 
scarcely  a  six-point  foam  to  it. 

They  used  to  play  policy  there  then,  and  have  the  numbers  telegraphed  from  Louis- 
ville, Ky.  Well,  one  morning  we  were  in  the  old  Englishman's  retreat,  and  I  suggested 
that  three  of  us  subs  put  in  10  cents  apiece  and  each  play  the  number  of  the  "slug"  he 
worked  for  the  day  previous,  as  we  had  all  worked.  I  worked  on  5,  Stiles  on  19  and  a 
gentleman  whose  name  I  forget  on  26.  That  evening  we  were  all  sitting  in  the  afore- 
said Englishman's  when  another  printer  came  and  wanted  to  look  at  our  ticket,  saying 
that  he  thought  we  had  won.  He  had  been  there  in  the  morning  and  heard  us  making 
up  the  "gig."  I  had  the  ticket  and  hurried  around  to  the  policy  shop  (as  we  were  about 
out  of  change  then,)  and  what  do  you  think?  Our  three  numbers  were  in  the  first  five 
numbers  on  the  blackboard.  We  got  a  dollar  for  every  cent  invested,  so  I  came  back  to 
the  saloon  with  $30.  The  third  party  to  the  investment  was  asleep  in  a  chair,  and  we 
could  not  wake  him  up.  So  we  had  several  rounds  of  drinks  immediately,  and  I  told  the 
old  Englishman  that  the  sleeper  had  won  $5  (instead  of  $10),  and  when  he  woke  up  to 
give  it  to  him.  We  had  use  for  the  money,  and  I  did  not  see  how  a  man  asleep  could 
appreciate  more  than  $5,  because  he  could  not  buy  fast  enough. 

WHEN  BASEBALL  WAS  EPIDEMIC. 

John  J.  Dillon. 

In  the  very  early  80's  the  press  work  for  the  Evening  Telegram  was  done  by  E.  A. 
Johnson  &  Co.,  while  the  type  was  set  in  an  adjoining  room.  "  Billy  "  Barbour  was  fore- 
man, about  eight  compositors  were  employed,  and  for  furniture  there  was  the  regulation 
ink  roller,  a  marble  slab  and  the  stands,  cases  and  type.  The  noon  hour  in  those  days 
was  not  so  short  as  it  is  at  present  in  evening  newspaper  composing  rooms,  and  Johnson's 
typos  and  those  of  the  Telegram  spent  part  of  their  nooning  in  playing  ball  in  the  com- 
posing room  of  E.  A.  Johnson  &  Co.  The  ball  field  was  a  space  not  more  than  20  square 
feet  in  area,  with  the  upright  boiler  of  a  Baxter  engine  at  short  stop,  while  the  first  base- 
man was  perched  on  a  stove,  but  a  few  feet  away  from  the  home  plate.  Almost  every  one 
had  the  baseball  craze  at  that  time.  Providence  was  in  the  National  League  and  its  team 
was  well  up  among  the  leaders.  One  would  think  that  the  old  oflice  sponge  with  the  water 
squeezed  out  would  have  served  for  the  ball ;  but  no,  nothing  less  than  a  $1.25  league  ball 
would  do.  The  bat  was  a  piece  of  gas  pipe  one  inch  in  diameter  and  about  2  ij  feet 
long.  The  players  generally,  with  the  exception  of  Jim  Russell,  were  careful  in  batting 
and  throwing  the  ball.  It  was  not  necessary,  nor  was  it  allowable,  to  bat  the  ball  very  hard. 
But  when  it  was  Jim's  turn  to  bat,  ye  gods,  he  would  lunge  at  the  ball  as  if  he  were  in  a 
10-acre  lot,  notwithstanding  the  wild  protestations  of  Johnson  (who  was  as  big  a  crank 
on  baseball  as  the  rest,  forgetting  his  dinner  in  order  to  be  in  the  game )  to  "  for 
heaven's  sake,  Jim,  bat  light."  Sometimes  Jim  would  "  bat  light,"  but  would  soon  forget 
and  let  loose  again,  and  then  biff,  bang,  the  ball  would  go  against  the  boiler  or  wall  with 
everybody  ducking.  One  day  Jim  had  an  unusual  batting  fever  on.  He  swung  at  the 
ball,  fouled,  and  the  ball  went  bounding  along  the  floor  towards  Weybosset  street  and  out 
the  window  onto  the  street.  It  struck  a  pedestrian  squarely  on  top  of  the  head,  and  by 
the  time  the  bewildered  man  became  aware  of  how  it  happened,  a  number  of  heads  were 
poked  out  of  the  windows,  four  stories  above,  and  the  voice  of  Jim  rang  out  with,  "  Hey, 
mister,  hold  that  ball  until  I  come  down." 

Business  in  Reids'  was  rather  dull  one  summer,  especially  in  the  press  room.  Some, 
body  had  to  be  laid  off  in  turn  a  day* at  a  time.  This  was  a  duty  Fred  Vinal,  the  foreman- 
did  not  like.     One  day  he  went  up  to  Bill  M.  and  said : 

"  Bill,  have  you  a  clam  rake  ?  " 

"  No,  by  gosh  ! "  says  Bill,  "  but  I  can  get  one." 

"Well,"  says" Vinal,  "get  it,  take  a  day  off  to-morrow  and  go  clamming." 


212 


PRINTERS  AND   PRINTING  IN   PROVIDENCE 


THE  DOCTOR'S   STORIES. 
E.  B.  Rose. 

On  a  Sunday  when  the  Morning  Herald  was  printed  in  the  Aylesworth  building  on 
North  Main  street,  on  looking  over  his  force,  the  Doctor  i  E.  B.  Rose ),  found  that  every 
regular  had  a  "sub"  on,  and  that  every  "sub"  was  drunk,  except  the  "Big  Injun"  (James 
Ryan ).  The  Roger  Williams  Hotel  was  located  across  the  street,  and  was  then  a  noted 
Sunday  resort  for  those  in  search  of  liquid  refreshments.  Regulars  were  sent  for  and  the 
"subs"  were  discharged.  The  latter  immediately  started  to  "frog"  it  out  of  town.  Al- 
though sober,  the  anticipation  of  pleasures  in  store  for  the  "subs"  was  too  much  for  the 
"Injun,"  and  about  5  in  the  afternoon  he  came  to  the  Doctor  and  said:  "I  believe  I  will 
'frog'  it,  too,  Doctor,"  and  he  quit,  although  it  meant  permanent  disbarment  from  the 

office.  In  the  evening  some  gentlemen  who 
had  been  conducting  a  temperance  meeting 
in  East  Greenwich  came  to  the  office  with 
a  two-column  report  of  the  meeting.  The 
Doctor  was  exasperated  with  the  day's  ex- 
periences, and  said  to  one  of  the  temper- 
ance men,  "Pretty  thing  to  be  going  down 
to  East  Greenwich  to  talk  temperance,  when 
all  my  men  have  been  made  drunk  in 
Providence."  Inquirj'  led  to  a  disclosure 
of  conditions  at  the  Roger  Williams  Hotel 
and  thereafter  printers  were  turned  from 
its  doors  on  the  Sabbath. 

On  another  occasion  when  the  Herald 
was  printed  in  the  same  place  there  were 
two  or  three  men  off  without  "subs." 
Billy  Barbour  was  one  of  the  delinquents. 
He  was  reported  as  having  lost  part  of  a 
finger.  About  10  o'clock  Nelson  Boyle  came 
in  on  a  friendly  visit.  He  was  then  ticket 
agent  for  the  Bristol  Railroad  and  stationed 
at  Fox  Point.  He  had  a  funny  story :  "Billy 
Barbour  and  Tom  Allen  were  having  a  great 
game  of  'peek-a-boo'  around  the  Phenix 
building."  When  he  heard  Doctor's  side  he 
wanted  to  take  it  back.  It  was  too  late. 
Barbour  would  have  to  find  a  new  job. 
Boyle  was  induced  to  work  the  balance  of 
the  night,  although  he  had  $700  of  the  rail- 
road company's  money  in  his  pockets,  and 
was  in  fear  of  being  robbed. 
When  the  Herald  was  printed  in  the  Crabb  building,  junction  Peck  and  Dyer  streets, 
Francis  E.  Kelly,  now  of  Woonsocket,  at  one  time  held  a  "frame"  there.  One  day  there 
was  a  lot  of  profanity  in  the  direction  of  Kelly's  "frame"  and  Doctor  went  there  to  in- 
vestigate. "Doctor,  I  have  been  trying  to  read  this  copy  for  15  minutes  and  I  can't  get 
started."  It  was  copy  written  by  Mr.  Bowers,  afterwards  City  Editor  of  the  N.  Y.  Trib- 
une, and  was  very  blind.  Not  a  word  could  be  deciphered.  "Frank,  put  your  coat  on 
and  take  a  walk  around  the  block  for  15  minutes,  including  something  warm,  and  then 
come  back,"  was  Doctor's  advice.  It  was  followed.  The  copy  was  taken  to  Mr.  Bowers, 
who  fixed  it  so  it  could  be  read,  and  Frank  set  it  when  he  got  back  from  his  walk. 

George  W.  Danielson  had  occasion  to  send  a  telegram.  In  the  telegraph  office  it 
could  not  be  read  and  was  sent  around  the  room  until  it  reached  the  manager,  Mr.  Brad- 
ford. He  failed  to  decipher  it  and  sent  it  back  to  Danielson,  with  the  comment,  "that 
the  writer  should  take  a  course  at  night  school  and  study  penmanship."  When  Danielson 
was  told  this  he  remaked:  "There  is  a  night  school  around  the  corner  on  North  Main 
street  where  reading  is  taught." 


E.  B.  ROSE 


THE    JOURNEYMEN 


CHARLES  H.  ABBOTT— Born  Salem, 
Mass.,  Nov.  2,  1867  ;  learned  printing  in 
Boston  ;  came  to  Providence  in  1895  as 
foreman  for  Snow  &  Farnum,  wlaieh  posi- 
tion he  now  holds. 

JAMES  ABBOTT — Born  Woburn,  Mass., 
Sept.  12,  1866  ;  learned  printing  in  Lynn, 
Mass.  ;  admitted  by  card  to  Providence 
Union  October,  1889  ;  since  transferred  to 
Pressman's  Union. 

ARUNAH  SHEPHERDSON  ABELL — 
Founder  of  the  Baltimore  Sun,  died  April 
19,  1888,  at  Baltimore,  in  the  82d  year  of 
his  age.  His  death  was  the  result  of 
gradual  decay  of  the  vital  powers,  due  to 
advanced  age,  though  he  was  confined  to 
his   room   only   two  waeks   during   his   last 


ARUNAH     SHEPHERDSON     ABELL 

illness.  Mr.  Abell  was  born  in  Rehoboth, 
Mass.,  now  East  Providence,  R.  I.,  Aug. 
10,  1806.  He  received  the  elements  of  a 
plain  education,  and  at  the  age  of  14 
years  began  life  as  a  clerk.  He  subse- 
quently learned  the  printing  trade  in  the 
office  of  the  Providence  Patriot.  He  after- 
ward went  to  Boston,  where  he  worked  at 
his  trade,  and  then  to  New  York  city, 
where  he  formed  a  business  connection 
with  William  M.  Swain  and  A.  H.  Sim- 
mons, both  practical  printers  like  him- 
self, with  the  view  of  establishing  a  daily 
newspaper.  They  entered  into  articles  of 
agreement  Feb.  29,  1836,  and  decided  to 
start    their    business    in    Philadelphia.       It 


was  at  first  intended  to  call  the  new 
paper  The  Times,  but  on  the  suggestion  of 
Mr.  Abell  the  name  of  The  Public  Ledger 
was  substituted.  The  first  mnnber  of  The 
Public  Ledger  appeared  Friday,  March 
25,  1836.  When  the  success  of  this  ven- 
ture seemed  to  be  assured,  Mr.  Abell. 
with  the  assent  of  his  partners,  went  to 
Baltimore,  where  on  the  17th  of  May. 
1837,  he  founded  The  Sun,  which  was  also 
successful  from  the  start.  Mr.  Abell  iden- 
tified himself  with  the  conduct  and  man- 
agement of  The  Sun.  He  sold  his  interest 
in  The  Public  Ledger  in  1864,  and  four 
years  later  became  the  sola  owner  of  The 
Sun. 

In  the  management  of  The  Sun  and 
carrying  out  its  objects,  he  concentrated 
his  personal  ambitions.  It  was  his  life 
work — the  work  in  which  he  saw  the 
fulfillment  of  the  ideas  which  lie  had 
.announced  in  the  Vjeginning  as  controlling 
its  policy — the  furtherance  of  the  com- 
mon good.  No  other  occupation,  dignity 
or  honor  had  any  attraction  for  him. 
During  his  long  and  honorable  career  in 
Baltimore  he  contributed  greatly  to  the 
growth  and  beautifying  of  the  city.  He 
was  an  intelligent  and  earnest  promoter 
of  many  important  mechanical  inventions 
by  which  the  art  of  printing  has  been  so 
much  advanced  and  the  field  of  news- 
paper enterprise  widened.  The  Sun  was 
printed  on  the  first  rotary  printing 
machine,  the  invention  of  Hoe.  Mr.  Abell 
personally  and  in  his  paper  took  the  lead 
in  supporting  and  promoting  that  marvel 
of  modern  times,  the  electric  telegraph. 
The  first  document  of  any  length  trans- 
mitted over  the  experimental  telegraph 
line  between  Washington  and  Baltimore 
was  the  President's  Message,  which  was 
telegraphed  to  and  published  in  The  Sun 
with  an  accuracy  that  established  all  the 
claims  which  had  been  made  for  the 
wonilerful    invention   of    Morse. 

Mr.  Abell  married  in  183  8  Mary,  the 
daughter  of  John  Fox,  of  Peekskill,  N.  Y; 
Mrs.  Abell  died  in  1859,  leaving  a  large 
family  of  children.  On  May  17.  1887. 
wlien  he  celebrated  the  semi-centennial 
of  The  Sun,  he  associated  his  sons — ■ 
Edwin  F.  Abell.  Geor.ge  W.  Abell  and 
Walter  R.  Abell — with  himself  as  co- 
partners. 

The  sons  are  now  all  dead.  KUvin  I'\, 
the  eldest,  died  a  few  days  after  the  great 
fire  which  destroyed  The  Sun's  iron  build- 
ing, wliich  was  the  first  iron  buildin.i;' 
erected  in  the  world. 

Arunah  S.  Abell  left  an  estate  vahicl 
at  many  millions.  lli'  was  Ijuried  ui 
Greenmount  Cemeter>-,  Baltimore.  Ai>ril 
21.    18SS. 

Tile    Sun    is  now  conduct  mI    \>y  his  griind- 


II 


PRINTERS  AND  PRINTING  IN  PROVIDENCE 


sons,  Walter  W.  Abell,  Arunah  S.  Abell 
and  Charles  S.  Abell. 

The  Abell  family  is  mentioned  in  Reho- 
both  (Mass.)  history  as  early  as  1654, 
when  Robert  Abell  kept  an  "ordinary"  in 
that  town.  Capt.  Robert  Abell,  grand- 
father of  A.  S.  Abell,  was  a  Revolution- 
ary soldier,  and  the  hitter's  fatlier,  Capt. 
Caleb  Abell,  was  in  the  War  of  1812. 
The  Captain  was  elected  Town  Clerk  of 
Rehoboth  in  ISOl,  and  held  the  office 
until  1812,  when  the  town  of  S3ekonk  was 
set  off  from  Rehoboth,  and  he  fell  within 
the  limits  of  the  former  place.  Seekonk 
continued  him  in  the  office  until  his  death, 
and  his  son,  Thompson,  followed  him  in 
the  position.  The  old  Abell  homestead  is 
located  in  East  Providence  Centre.  The 
Abell  burial  lot  is  in  tiie  old  Rumford 
Cem?tery. 

Mr.  Abell  was  always  a  friend  of  the 
Typographical  Union  ;  and  from  the  time 
of  the  first  issue  of  The  Sun  to  the  day 
of  his  death,  no  non-union  printer  was 
ever  employed  in  either  the  composing 
room  of  the  paper  or  the  job  office  oper- 
ated in  connection  with  it.  His  successors 
have  followed  his  example  and  the  Bal- 
timore Sun  is  the  oldest  continuous  em- 
ployer of  union  printers  in  the  United 
States. 

Baltimore  Typographical  Union  was 
organized  in  1831.  One  of  the  old-timers 
tells  of  an  interview  which  he  had  with 
Mr.  Abell  while  the  Civil  War  was  raging 
in  regard  to  an  increase  in  the  rate 
for  composition.  The  Sun  was  inclined  to 
favor  the  South,  and  its  columns  were 
closely  scrutinized  daily  by  the  military 
authorities  of  the  United  States  Govern- 
ment for  some  evidences  of  treason,  and 
the  proprietor  was  frequently  threatened 
with  suppression.  It  appears  that  the 
committeeman  from  the  Union  entered  the 
sanctum  just  as  the  Provost  Marshal  took 
his  departure.  The  committeeman  made 
known  his  business  at  once,  and  Mr. 
Abell  replied :  "Between  the  Provost 
Marshal  and  the  Baltimore  Typographi- 
cal Union  it  is  hard  to  tell  who  does  own 
the  Sun.  However,  you  may  tell  the  men 
up-stairs  to  go  to  work  at  the  advanced 
rate  and  A.  S.  Abell  will  see  that  they 
.are  paid  off  on  Saturday." 

Mr.  Abell  never  refused  to  pay  an  ad- 
vance in  the  .scale  of  wages  established 
by  the  Typographical  Union  nor  made  a 
request  for  a  reduction  in  wages. 

WILLIAM  ABELL — Born  Huntington 
county,  N.  J.,  Nov.  12,  1836;  learned 
printing  at  Flemington.  N.  J.,  beginning 
in  18.")1  ;  came  to  Providence  June  1,  1870, 
first  working  for  A.  Crawford  (Ireene  and 
later  on  tlie  Journal,  and  losing  Ids  situa- 
tion by  the  strike  of  1875,  In  October, 
1876,  he  became  foreman  of  tlie  Taunton 
Gazette,  holding  thi-  position  until  May, 
1878.  He  then  n-turni'd  to  I'rovidence 
and  was  foreman  of  the  Rhode  Island 
Democrat  and  of  the  Mall,  and  worked 
on    tlie   Press   .and    for  eight   years  on    the 


Weekly  Visitor.  Before  coming  to  Provi- 
dence he  published  a  weekly  paper  in 
Clinton,  N.  J.,  1858-1862,  and  in  Hack- 
ettstown,  N.  J.,  1862-1867.  He  also  pub- 
lished a  weekly  paper  in  East  Providence 
for  a  short  time  in  1903.  Mr.  Abell  joined 
Providence  Union  by  card  Dec.  9,  1871. 
He  was  financial  secretary  in  1874,  and 
again  from  1895  to  1903,  and  in  1905  until 
Nov.  26  of  that  year;  delegate  in  1898; 
President  in  1894.  He  is  a  resident  of 
tills  city  and  active  in  union  work. 

JOSEPH  Z.  A.  ADAM — Learned  print- 
ing in  Manchester,  N.  H.  ;  initiated  into 
Providence  Union  April  29,  1900  ;  has 
worked  in  Woonsocket  and  Pawtucket. 

ROBERT  A.  ADAMS  —  Born  St.  Bos- 
wells,  Ro.xburglishire,  Scotland,  November, 
1870;  served  apprenticeship  of  seven 
years  at  Hawick.  Ro.xburglishire,  Scot- 
land, beginning  August.  1883  :  initiated 
into  Scottish  Typographical  Association 
March,  1890  ;  admitted  to  Providence 
LTnion  October,  1906,  and  has  worked  in 
tills  city  since. 

SAMUEL  ADAMS — Died  New  York 
city,  Oct.  17,  1841,  the  victim  of  a  sensa- 
tional murder.  He  was  born  in  Providence 
about  1811,  learned  printing  here  in  the 
office  of  Smith  &  Parmenter,  and  at  the 
time  of  tlie  murder  was  in  business  in 
New  York  city  as  a  book  publisher.  In 
attempting  to  collect  a  debt  from  John 
C.  Colt,  the  latter  killed  Adams.  Colt  was 
convicted  of  the  crime  and  sentenced  to 
be  hanged,  but  committed  suicide  a  short 
time  before  the  hour  appointed  for  e.xecu- 
tion. 

JOSHUA  ADDY— Born  England,  May 
9,  1863;  learned  printing  at  Knight  & 
Howland's,  New  Bedford,  Mass.,  begin- 
ning in  1880;  initiated  into  Providence 
L^nion  Jan.  25,  1885,  and  worked  liere 
until  1890;  at  present  located  in  New 
Bedford. 

EDWIN  ADYE— Printer,  died  Warwick. 
R.  I.,  Oct.  2.  1817,  aged  22  years. — Provi- 
dence Patriot. 

BENJAMIN  T.  ALBRO— Born  Provi- 
dence May  23,  1812;  died  South  Scituate 
Nov.  30,  1873.  His  ancestors  owned  a 
farm  on  what  is  now  called  Federal  Hill. 
He  learned  tiie  printing  trade.  In  1836 
Mr.  Albro  lived  on  AtwelTs  avenue  ;  in 
1840  he  was  in  business  for  himself  at 
No.  9  Market  stiuare,  from  whii-h  office 
the  first  number  of  tlie  Doriile  paper,  the 
New  Age  and  Constitutional  Advocate,  was 
issued;  in  184  4  ids  office  was  at  No.  2 
Canal  street;  and  from  1847  to  1850  at 
No.  5  Canal  street,  on  the  present  site  of 
the  Central  Hotel.  It  was  wlide  he  was  at 
this  latter  stand  that  he  had  as  a  "devil" 
a  hul  wlio  later  became  one  of  the  best 
known  printers  and  newspaper  men  in 
tile  city,  Henry  B.  Ladd,  the  famous 
"I'ica."  In  1857  h?  engaged  in  tiie  boot 
and  shoe  business  at  No.   119  Nortli  Main 


THE  JOURNEYMEN 


in 


street,  and  after  the  Civil  War  he  re- 
moved to  South  Scituate,  where  he  owned 
a  farm  adjoining  the  large  Thomas  W. 
Field  estate.  H^re  he  was  killed  by  being 
thrown  from  his  wagon  by  the  sudden 
starting  up  of  a  vicious  horse  he  was  driv- 
ing. He  was  buried  in  the  North  Burial 
Ground,  Providence. 

ELI  ALFORD — Born  Manchester,  Eng- 
land, Nov.  21,  1870  ;  learned  printing  at 
offlce  of  George  Falkn?r  &  Sons  of  that 
place,  beginning  in  1884  ;  worked  in  sev- 
eral printing  offices  in  Manchester  and 
other  places  in  England  ;  deposited  travel- 
ling card  with  Providence  Union  1896,  and 
has  worked  in  Providance  at  Snow  & 
Farnham's,  Remington  Printing  Co.,  Jour- 
nal of  Commerce,  E.  A.  Johnson,  J.  C. 
Hall  and  Providence  News ;  has  also 
worked  in  Boston  ;  at  present  employed  in 
the  "make-up"  department  of  the  Evening 
Bulletin.  Elscted  recording  secretary  of 
No.  33  for  the  years  1904.  '0.5,  '06  and  '07  ; 
I.  T.  U.  delegate  in  1906;  N.  E.  A.  P.  T. 
delegate  1901. 

F.  L.  ALLEN — Born  1879  ;  learned 
printing  in  Providence  and  was  initiated 
into  No.  33  May  27,  1900. 

JOHN  W^.  ALLEN — Born  Lewiston.  Me., 
March  12,  1866;  learned  printing  at  Port- 
land, Me.,  beginning  in  1878  ;  admitted  to 
Providence  Union  by  card  at  July  meet- 
ing. 1905  ;  participated  in  the  effort  for 
eight-hour  day  in  1906  ;  now  night  ad  man 
on  Journal. 

ISRAEL  AMSBURY — Died  Feb.  15, 
1887,  in  his  73d  year,  in  Poland,  N.  Y., 
where  he  had  resided  for  the  last  three  or 
four  years  of  his  life.  He  had  occupied 
a  very  prominent  part  in  the  printing 
trade  of  Providence,  beginning  in  1842  as 
partner  in  the  firm  of  Church  &  Amsbury, 
publishers  of  the  Evening  Chronicle  ;  in 
1844  he  was  interested  in  the  publication 
of  the  Dally  Transcript  ;  in  1847  member 
of  the  firm  of  Amsbury  &  Lincoln,  which 
published  tlie  R.  I.  Temperance  Pledge  ; 
in  1853  partner  in  firm  of  Gr?ene,  Ams- 
bury &  Co.,  publishers  of  the  Daily  Trib- 
une ;  in  1855  he  worked  at  24  Westmin- 
ster street;  in  1856  and  1857  was  foreman 
of  the  Tribune,  and  for  about  20  years 
before  he  retired  from  business  was  fore- 
man of  the  book  and  job  offlce  of  Hiram 
H.  Thomas  &  Co.,  afterward  the  Provi- 
dence Press  Co.  He  was  secretary  of  the 
first  organization  of  printers  in  this  city 
in  1854;  initiated  into  Providenc?  Union 
Sept.  8,  1860;  vice  president  in  1860  and 
1861  ;  President  and  also  delegate  in  1862. 

WILLIAM  N.  AMSBURY — Died  Provi- 
dence Aug.  10,  1849,  in  his  45th  year.  In 
1844  he  was  employed  at  the  Transcript 
offlcs. 

FREDERICK  B.  AMSDEN — Born  Chico- 
pee,  Mass.,  Jan.  31,  1850  ;  learned  printing 
in  book  room  of  Springfield  Republican, 
beginning     1866  ;     worked     at     Knoxville, 


Tenn.,  Chicago,  III.,  Adrian,  Mich.,  Toledo, 
O.,  Boston,  Mass.  ;  on  Providence  Journal 
for  about  18  years;  became  a  member  of 
Providence  Union  by  card  Jan.  10,  1874; 
was  initiated  into  the  reorganized  Union 
Feb.  28,  1886  ;  at  present  employed  at 
Franklin  Press. 

LAWRENCE  ANDERSON — Born  Jul- 
land,  Denmark,  Aug.  11,  1885  ;  came  to  the 
United  States  in  1890  ;  learned  printing  at 
J.  C.  Hall's  and  Perry  Printing  Co.,  be- 
ginning in  1901  ;  came  out  of  the  Perry 
Printing  Co.  in  tlie  eight-hour  strike  and 
was  initiated  into  Providence  Union  in 
January,  1906. 

LINDSAY  ANDERSON — Born  Glasgow, 
Scotland,  Dec.  19,  1839  ;  learned  printing 
in  offlce  of  Paterson  ( N.  J. )  Guardian, 
beginning  in  1854  ;  came  to  Providence  in 
1859  and  worked  for  Hammond  &  Angell 
and  at  Greene's  on  the  Pendulum  until  he 
enlisted  in  the  Civil  War ;  after  the  war  he 
returned  to  printing  at  Greene's,  but  in 
1865  went  into  the  restaurant  business  and 
for  more  than  thirty  years  conducted  one 
of  the  best  restaurants  in  the  city. 

CHARLES  E.  ANDREWS — Admitted  to 
Providence  LTnion  by  card  Feb.  27,  1884  ; 
worked  on  Journal  until  1889,  when  he 
went  to  Boston,  where  he  is  at  present 
employed  on  the  Transcript. 

ALBERT  N.  ANGELL — Born  Olney- 
ville,  then  known  as  "The  Hollow,"  Dec. 
21.  1822;  died  Providence  April  17,  1901. 
He  began  to  learn  printing  in  the  Journal 
job  offlce  April  3,  1839,  and  finished  his 
apprenticeship  in  the  newspaper  offlce, 
wliere  he  continued  to  work  29  years  ;  he 
had  been  gradually  purchasing  shares  in 
the  Journal  job  office  until  in  1868  he  was 
sole  proprietor,  when  he  assumed  the  man- 
agement of  that  office  and  continued  in 
that  position  until  1887.  He  then  sold  the 
job  office  and  returned  to  work  at  the 
case.  He  was  treasurer  of  the  first  print- 
ers' society  known  to  exist  in  this  city,  in 
1854. 

EDWARD  T.  ANGELL — This  is  his  own 
story  as  told  to  a  Journal  reporter  Sept. 
3,  1906,  the  40th  anniversary  of  his  begin- 
ning work  on  the  paper : 

"The  26th  of  next  March  I  will  be  67, 
and  I  have  lived  all  the  time  in  this 
State.  I  went  to  school  in  this  city  and  in 
the  country — to  the  Scituate  Seminary,  a 
boarding  school. 

"When  I  was  18  I  started  in  to  learn 
the  printing  trade,  and  began  at  the  Jour- 
nal job  office  on  Washington  row.  After 
serving  my  time  I  went  to  Newport  and 
then  came  back  to  this  city  and  worked 
on  the  Post.  Next  I  tried  the  New  Eng- 
land Diadem,  a  weekly  temperance  paper. 
I  set  type  in  B.  N.  Sherman's  offlce  in 
Pawtucket.  on  the  Morning  Mirror  in  this 
city,  the  Kent  County  Atlas  and  the  Provi- 
dence Tribune. 

"About  the  time  I  first  V>egan  the  trade 


IV 


PRINTERS  AND  PRINTING  IN  PROVIDENCE 


I  joined  the  firs  department,  almost  as 
soon  as  it  was  started.  I  used  to  run 
witli  tlie  boys  and  stayed  with  tliem  until 
pay  was  received  for  services,  wlien  I  left, 
as  that  was  the  time  when  I  came  on  tlie 
Journal  and  I  couldn't  att?nd  to  it. 

"The  fir.st  piece  of  work  the  foreman  of 
the  Journal  gave  me  was  an  article  from 
the  London  Times.  It  was  about  the  great 
race  for  the  America's  cup.  (This  was  in 
1852,  when  he  subbed  for  a  regular.)  It 
was  nearly  a  column  in  length  and  I  got 
it  all.  In  those  days  the  man  at  the  case 
set  the  entire  article,  big  or  little,  just 
as  it  happened  to  run.  If  he  needed  as- 
sistance. wh?n  some  of  the  other  men 
were  through  with  their  wurli  they  would 
set  some  of  the  last  end  of  the  copy  for 
him." 

Sept.  3,  1896.  the  employes  in  the  Jour- 
nal composing  room  presented  Ned  with  a 
largs  and  handsomely  decorated  meer- 
schaum pipe,  with  a  yard  or  more  of  plug 
tobacco.  Everybody  gatliered  about  the 
old  man  as  he  curiously  looked  around  on 
the  circle  of  his  fellow  workers.  This 
speech  was  read  by  one  of  the  men  : 

"In  view  of  tliy  fact  that  you  have  been 
employed  on  the  Journal  for  a  period  of 
two  score  years,  and  to  commemorate  the 
occasion,  your  fellow  employes  have  dele- 
gated me  to  present  to  you  on  their  behalf 
this  beautiful  meerschaum  pipe,  with  the 
hope  that  the  only  smoking  you  do  will  be 
done  in  this  world.  We  also  hope  that  you 
will  be  very  careful  of  it,  as  the  best 
medical  authorities,  including  Drs.  Rose 
and  Eddy,  say  that  'hitting  the  pipe'  is 
very  injurious  to  the  health.  In  conclusion 
we  wisli  you  many  years  of  happiness." 

Ned  was  initiated  into  Providence  Union 
Dec.  9,  1891.  He  died  June  26,  1902,  in 
his  73d  year.  Interment  was  at  ths  North 
Burial  Ground. 

JOHN  W.  ANGELL— Born  Smithfield, 
R.  I.,  Sept.  17,  1823;  ditul  Central  Falls 
April  7,  1890  ;  learned  printing  in  ths  office 
of  Wheeler,  Jones  &  Co.,  Providence,  and 
worked  in  this  city  at  the  Journal  job 
office  until  1863,  when  he  went  to  Central 
Falls,  with  E.  L.  Freeman,  remaining  with 
Mr.  Freeman  imtil  his  death.  The  latter 
wrote  of  Mr.  Ang?ll  as  follows  :  "John  W. 
Angel!  was  as  good  an  all-round  job  printer 
as  I  ever  met  witli  and  as  likely  a  man  as 
ever  walked." 

B.  E.  APPLEBBE  —  Died  Hartford, 
Conn.,  March  12,  1897.  He  was  admitted 
to  Providence  Union  liv  caid  at  the  July 
mr-eting,  1887. 

CIODRGE  AR1-:XSHKRG  —  Born  Pitts- 
l>uig.  I'a..  and  in  Ills  early  boyhood  £>anicd 
his  living  as  a  iicwslfoy.  He  learned  print- 
ing on  tlie  Dispatch  and  at  the  age  of 
liltecn  lie  made  application  for  member- 
ship In  Pittsburg  Union  and  was  reject  -d 
on  account  of  liis  youth.  A  year  later  \\,- 
Was  admitted  and  soon  after  began  his 
travels.  His  lirst  stoi'ping  place  was  New- 
Orleans,   wlieri'  l\t,-  I'liion   wouhi  not  admit 


him,  deeming  him  illegally  a  member  by 
reason  of  his  youthful  appearance.  Failing 
to  get  employment,  he  worked  his  passage 
to  Memphis  as  a  cabin  boy,  where  he 
obtained  employment  on  the  Bulletin.  He 
next  turned  up  in  Louisville,  where  he 
remained  18  months.  He  returned  to  his 
native  city  and  worked  on  the  Commer- 
cial, and  afterward  on  The  Paper  until 
the  latter  suspended  publication.  In  Wash- 
ington, D.  C,  we  find  him  next — working 
on  the  Patriot  until  its  suspension.  He 
went  to  New  York  in  1869,  where  ha  ob- 
tained a  situation  on  the  New  York  Times. 
He  had  at  this  time  secured  a  widespread 
notoriety  for  fast  typesetting,  and  Mr. 
George  Howe,  at  that  time  employed  on 
the  Times,  soon  after  liis  arrival  chris- 
tened him  "The  Velocipede,"  and  he  was 
never  afterward  able  to  part  company  with 
the  title.  While  employed  on  the  Times 
he  set  the  match  against  time  which  made 
him  famous — 2064  ems  in  one  hour. 

Fi-^om  New  York  he  went  to  Philadel- 
phia ;  then  he  returned  to  Pittsburg.  He 
then  visited  Cleveland,  Toledo  and  Cin- 
cinnati. He  held  a  situation  as  copy-cutter 
on  the  Cincinnati  Enquirer  and  was  one  of 
that  office's  "Big  Ten"  who  challenged  any 
number  of  printers  from  one  to  ten  from 
any  office  in  the  United  States  to  a  match 
at  typesetting.  From  Cincinnati  he  went 
to  Louisville  and  Chicago,  thence  to  Cin- 
cinnati again.  He  then  took  an  extended 
tour  through  the  East,  visiting  all  tha 
principal  cities  and  towns,  receiving  flat- 
tering notices  of  typesetting  ability. 

He  visited  Providence  in  1882  and  also 
in  1884.  Aug.  27  of  the  latter  year  he 
deposited  his  card  with  Providence  Union  ; 
returned  to  New  York  city  in  1885,  where 
he  worked  on  the  Times  and  resided  until 
the  time  of  his  death,  which  occurred  at 
Bellevue  Hospital,  New  York  city,  on 
Wednesday,  July  28,   1888. 

His  best  public  records  are  as  follows  : 
New  York  Times  office,  Feb.  19,  1870,  2064 
ems,  minion,  17  ems  to  lower  case  alpha- 
bet, 23  2-3  ems  to  line  (allowed  to  count 
24),  break  line  to  each  stick,  not  empty- 
ing sticks.  New  York  Sun  office,  a  few 
weeks  later,  1800  ems  minion,  very  lean, 
in  59  minutes  30  seconds.  Philadelphia, 
March  27,  1870,  time  1  hour,  type  nonpa- 
reil, 15  ems  to  lower  case  alphabet,  meas- 
ure 36  ems  wide,  five  Ijreak  lines,  equalling 
two  full  lines  of  blank  ;  49  lines  by  36 
ems,  1764  ems.  Philadelphia,  May  10, 
1871,  he  won  the  solid  silver  stick  offered 
by  R.  S.  Menamin  in  the  international 
contest,  setting  in  one  hour  1822  ems  of 
solid  nonpareil,  16  ems  to  lower  case  al- 
phabet, 27  ems  measure. 

IIIONRY  A.   ARMINtn^ON— Died   Provi- 

ileiice  June  IS.  IS:t5;  learne.l  printiiiK  in 
III.-  office  of  th  .  Ruiiiford  Ch.'niical  W.uUs. 
lienimiin^  in  INtiS.  and  worked  there  iinlll 
ills  death. 

.\RTHim  ARMSTRONG— Born  Sah-m. 
X.    J..    Dec.    27.    1870;    learned   printing    in 


THE  JOURNEYMEN 


office  of  National  Standard,  Salem,  N.  J., 
came  to  Providence  1893  ;  joined  No.  33 
Feb.  24,  1901  ;  now  on  Tribune. 

FRANK  W.  ARMSTRONG — Born  Provi- 
dence Aug.  22,  1869  ;  learned  printing  in 
office  of  the  Providence  Press  and  worked 
in  this  city  from  1889  to  1894;  now 
located  in  New  York  city. 

JOHN  W.  ARMSTRONG — Born  Wheel- 
ing, W.  Va.,  Aug.  12,  1852  ;  learned  print- 
ing on  Wheeling  Intelligencer,  beginning 
in  1868  ;  admitted  to  Providence  Union  by 
card  January,  1887  ;  has  left  printing  and 
is  now  a  member  of  the  International 
Brotherhood  of  Electrical  Workers,  lo- 
cated in  New  York  city. 

ALVIN  S.  ARNOLD — Died  Providence 
Dec.  30,  1862,  in  his  62d  year;  he  began 
work  on  the  Journal  in  September.  184  8, 
and  continued  in  that  office  for  a  number 
of  years. 

ALVIN  S.  ARNOLD,  JR. — Died  Provi- 
dence Nov.  3,  1865,  in  his  38th  year;  he 
Isarned  printing  on  the  Republican  Her- 
ald ;  initiated  into  Providence  Union  Aug. 
8,  1857  ;  had  worked  on  the  Journal  for  a 
score  of  years  before  his  death.  His  father 
was  Alvin  S.  Arnold,  also  a  printer. 

GEORGE  O.  ARNOLD  —  Died  Provi- 
dencs  Oct.  29,  1885,  aged  64  years;  his 
name  appears  in  the  1850  Directory  as  a 
printer,  and  until  1856,  when  he  kept  a 
periodical  depot  at  17  8  North  Main  street. 

GEORGE  TAFT  ARNOLD— Died  Provi- 
dence March  8,  1874,  aged  49  years;  he 
began  work  on  the  Journal  in  August, 
1846,  and  continued  there,  with  occasional 
absences,  until  his  death.  He  was  a  char- 
ter member  of  Providence  Typographical 
Union  in   1857. 

LEWIS  L.  M.  ARNOLD  (Deacon)  — 
Born  Providence  in  March,  1833;  began 
to  learn  printing  in  the  office  of  the  Daily 
Post,  but  left  to  go  to  sea.  After  spending 
several  years  in  the  coasting  trade  he 
returned  to  printing,  working  in  the  job 
office  of  Henry  Tillinghast,  on  Market 
square,  and  also  on  the  Norwich  Bulletin. 
He  served  in  the  Navy  during  the  Civil 
War  ;  was  a  petty  officer  on  the  Hartford 
when  that  vessel  was  Farragut's  flagship, 
and  was  in  h?r  during  the  passage  of 
Forts  Jackson  and  St.  Philip  on  the  Mis- 
sissippi, below  New  Orleans.  He  returned 
to  printing  again  in  1864  in  the  Journal 
composing  room,  remaining  there  the  bal- 
ance of  his  life.  The  sobriquet  of  "Dea- 
con," by  which  he  was  known  to  hundreds 
of  the  craft,  was  given  to  him  by  George 
T.  Arnold  for  the  quiet,  sober  way  in 
which  he  went  about  his  duties.  In  emer- 
gencies he  often  acted  as  foreman  of  the 
Journal.  He  was  initiated  into  Provi- 
dence Union  Feb.  11.  1871.  He  died  at  the 
Rhode  Island  Hospital  Jan.  12,  1885,  in 
the  Henry  B.  Anthony  free  bed. 


CHARLES  L.  F.  ATKINSON  —  Born 
Newport,  R.  I.,  Jan.  15,  1833;  learned 
printing  with  James  Atkinson  in  that  city  ; 
worked  in  Providence  in  1869  ;  died  in 
Newport  Feb.  7,   1892. 

JAMES  H.  ATKINSON — Died  at  the 
R.  I.  Hospital  Sept.  22,  1904,  aged  78 
years.  He  was  the  oldest  son  of  Hon. 
James  Atkinson,  for  several  years  Mayor, 
and  at  one  time  Postmaster  of  Newport. 
On  his  mother's  side  he  was  related  to 
Gov.  Wanton,  and  was  a  cousin  of  Mrs. 
Sarah  Helen  Whitman,  the  poetess.  He 
was  a  lineal  descendant  of  Gov.  Walter 
Clarke  of  Newport,  who  held  office  in 
167  6.  At  one  time  his  father  was  pub- 
lisher of  the  Newport  Advertiser.  The 
first  record  of  him  as  a  printer  in  this  city 
is  in  the  1850  Directory,  and  since  that 
year  he  worked  in  the  book  and  job  offices 
here  until  a  few  years  before  his  death. 
He  was  initiated  into  Providence  Union 
Sept.  11,  1869. 

JOHN  B.  ATKINSON — Born  Newport, 
R.  I.,  Feb.  27,  1831  ;  learned  printing  in 
that  city  with  his  father,  James  Atkinson, 
beginning  in  1847  ;  worked  on  the  Daily 
Post  in  Providence  in  1850  ;  died  in 
Lowell,  Mass.,  June  10,  1852.  James 
Atkinson,  father  of  James  H.,  John  B.  and 
Oliver  M.,  was  a  famous  Newport  printer. 

OLIVER  M.  ATKINSON — Born  New- 
port, R.  I.,  July  28,  1838;  learned  printing 
in  his  father's  (James  Atkinson)  office  in 
that  city,  beginning  in  1847  ;  initiated  into 
Providence  Union  March  11,  1865  ;  died  in 
Newport  June  2,   1880. 

VOLNEY  AUSTIN— Born  England  in 
1840  and  died  in  Pawtucket  Dec.  15,  1875, 
aged  34  years,  4  months  and  5  days. 
With  his  parents  he  came  to  this  country 
in  184  8.  They  settled  in  Woonsocket, 
R.  I.,  where  the  elder  Austin  found  em- 
ployment as  a  weaver.  In  1851,  when  11 1/2 
years  old,  Volney  was  apprenticed  to  Mr. 
Foss,  publisher  of  the  Woonsocket  Patriot. 
Volney  continued  in  the  Patriot  office 
about  five  years  and  tlien  came  to  Provi- 
dence. He  was  initiated  into  No.  33  April 
18,  1857,  and  his  name  appears  on  the 
Journal  pay  roll  for  the  first  time  May 
1,  1858.  He  represented  Providence  Union 
in  the  Montreal  convention  of  1873  and 
took  a  prominent  part  in  its  proceedings. 
For  a  number  of  years  he  collected  com- 
mercial news  for  the  Evening  Press  and 
also  "set"  it,  besides  editing  the  telegraph 
copy. 

SAMUEL  AVERY  (of  Boston,  Mass.)  — 
Was  foreman  of  Miller  &  Hutchens'  print- 
ing office  when  the  Manufacturers  and 
Farmers  Journal  was  started  in  1820.  A 
letter  from  Charles  H.  Phinney  (May  15, 
1905)  says:  "On  Aug.  2.  1805,  'The 
Society  of  Printers  of  Boston  and  Vicin- 
ity' was  formed,  and  three  years  later,  in 
April,  1808,  the  name  was  changed  to 
'F^austus    Society.'      Samuel   Avery's   name 


VI 


PRINTERS  AND  PRINTING  IN  PROVIDENCE 


appears  as  a  signer  of  the  constitution. 
♦  *  *  Joseph  T.  BuckinKham.  a  well- 
known  biographer  of  early  Boston  master 
printers,  mentioned  him  as  alive  in  1859." 

JOHN  AYLESWORTH — Died  Providence 
April  9.  1861.  in  his  78th  year.  From  1830 
to  1836,  according  to  the  Diractory,  he  was 
a  printer. 

CHARLES  E.  AYRES — Born  Dayton. 
O.,  Aug.  19,  1853  ;  learned  printing  in 
office  of  Cincinnati  Gazette  ;  joined  Typo- 
graphical Union  in  1874  at  Indianapolis, 
Ind.  ;  deposited  a  card  in  Providence  Union 
jJec.  27,  1885  ;  worked  in  Providence  on 
the  Telegram,  Star,  Sunday  Dispatch  and 
The  Paper  ;  at  present  located  in  Worces- 
ter, Mass. 

Initiated  Into  Providence  Typographical 
Union  on  Dates  Named: 

JAMES  ALLEN,  April  13,  1861  (The 
Aeronaut). 

THOMAS  ALLEN,  March  11,   1865. 

THOMAS  E.  ASH,   March   13,   1869. 

Admitted  by  Card  on  Dates  Named: 
GEORGE  ADAMSON,  May  29,   1904. 
W.  R.  ANDERSON,  June  30,   1901. 
JOHN  L.  AHEmNS,  August,  1888. 
A.  C.  ALGER,  May  31,  1891. 
ALFRED  ARCHER,  Dae.  18,  1892. 
GEORGE  ARMITAGE,  Feb.   24,   1901. 
FRANK  ARNOLD,   Feb.   27,   1884. 
F.  S.  ARTHUR,  December,  1SS4. 
JOHN  ATZBACK,  August,   1888. 

CHARLES  W.  BABCOCK — Applied  for 
membership  in  New  Bedford  Union  Feb- 
ruary, 1898  ;  had  worked  in  Providence 
and  Boston. 

JAMES  G.  BACON  —  Born  Fo.Kboro, 
Mass.,  Nov.  21,  1846;  began  to  learn 
printing  in  Foxboro  in  1863;  initiated 
into  Providence  Union  March  9,  1867  ; 
worked  in  this  city  1866-67  and  1872-76 
on  the  Journal  and  in  book  and  job 
offices ;  President  of  Hartford  Union 
three  years ;  delegate  to  Washington  in 
1903,  and  has  held  many  other  positions 
in  that  Union ;  at  present  located  in 
Hartford. 

BARBOUR  BADGER— Worked  in  this 
city  in  1819;  May  30,  1821,  he  started 
The  Religious  Intelligencer  and  had  it 
printed  at  the  American  office.  In  182  4 
he  lived  in  Boston,  Mass. 

A.  C.  BALLOU  —  Born  Burrillville. 
R.  L,  April  10,  1876;  began  to  learn 
printing  at  Pascoag,  R.  I.,  in  1891  ; 
worked    in    New    York    and    Providence. 

BELLE  J.  BALLOU  —  Born  Norton, 
Mass.,  June  1,  1852  ;  learned  printing  at 
Riverside  Press,  Cambriiige,  Mass.  ; 
worked  in  Providence  from  1872  to  1892 
on  the  Herald,  Press  and  in  some  of  the 
book  offices  ;  initiated  into  No.  33  Jan. 
31,  1886;  is  sister  of  Kmily  J.  (Ballou) 
Pilling;  at  present  (1904)  with  Ginn  & 
Co.,   East  Cambridge,   Mass. 


EMILY  J.  PILLING,  nee  BALLOU — 
Born  Norton,  Mass.,  Sept.  27,  1854; 
learned  printing  at  Riverside  Press,  Cam- 
bridge, Mass.  ;  worked  in  Providence 
from  1872  to  1892  on  the  Herald.  Press 
and  in  some  of  the  job  offices  ;  initiated 
into  No.  33  Jan.  31,  1886  ;  at  present 
(1904)  employed  in  a  job  office  in  Brock- 
ton. Mass. 

WRIGHT  BARBER  —  Born  Ashton- 
under-Lyne,  England,  Sept.  22,  1868; 
learned  printing  in  his  native  town  in  the 
Reporter  office,  beginning  in  1882,  serv- 
ing seven  years.  He  came  to  the  United 
States  in  1900,  depositing  a  card  in 
Providence  Union  at  the  Novemlier  meet- 
ing of  that  year ;  participated  in  the 
effort  for  eight  hours  in  1906  ;  now 
located  in  Boston. 

FRANK  A.  BARBOUR — (Son  of  Wil- 
liam H.  Barbour)  ;  born  Providence  Nov. 
21,  1861;  learned  printing  at  What  Cheer 
Print,  beginning  in  1876  ;  initiated  into 
Providence  Union  Nov.  28,  1883,  and 
worked  in  this  city  until  1893,  when  he 
removed  to  Boston,  where  he  Is  at  pres- 
ent located. 

WILLIAM  H.  BARBOUR — Born  near 
St.  Clairsville,  Belmont  county,  Ohio, 
April  1,  1836;  learned  printing  in  Ohio, 
coming  to  Providence  in  1855;  was  a 
charter  member  of  Providence  Union  in 
1857,  delegate  to  Philadelphia  in  1865, 
and  held  many  offices  in  No.  33  up  to 
1878,  when  the  charter  was  surrendered. 
In  1864,  when  Ben  C.  Truman  was  Pro- 
vost Marshal  of  Nashville,  Tenn.,  after 
the  Confederates  had  evacuated  the  city, 
he  sent  for  Mr.  Barbour  to  take  the  fore- 
manship  of  a  newspaper  that  was  issued 
from  the  remains  of  two  Nashville  news- 
paper offices ;  Mr.  Barbour  accepted  the 
position,  but  soon  returned  to  this  city. 
In  1873  he  was  foreman  of  the  Journal. 
His  card  was  received  in  the  reorganized 
Providence  Union  July  1,  1883.  He  died 
in  January,   1892. 

JOSEPH  C.  BARKER — Born  Halifax, 
N.  S.,  May  4,  1851;  learned  printing  on 
British  Colonist  in  that  cit.w  beginning  in 
1863;  initiated  into  Hartford  Typographi- 
cal Union  in  1869  ;  member  of  Providence 
Union  in  1883  and  later;  worked  on  Jour- 
nal and  Star  ;  was  proofreader  on  Tribune 
in   1906,  but  has  since  left  the  city. 

ANDREW  J.  BARNES.  JR. — Born  at 
Rockport,  Mass.,  April  17,  1874  ;  learned 
printing  in  New  Haven,  Conn.  ;  worked 
in  Providence  in  1899  on  the  Telegram; 
in    1904   was  living  in   Hartford,  Conn. 

H.  CORNELIUS  BARNES — Born  Provi- 
dence Feb.  8,  1864  ;  learned  trade  at  office 
of  Provitience  Press,  beginning  in  1880; 
worked  as  compositor  on  Press,  Mail, 
Telegram,  Bulletin  ;  as  operator  on  Tele- 
gram and  office  of  Snow  &  Farnham  ;  at 
present  employed  on  Bulletin  in  the  "ad" 
depai'tnieiit  ;  became  a  member  of  Provi- 
dence Union   May   30,   1886. 


THE  JOURNEYMEN 


VII 


HENRY  A.  BARNES — Died  Providence 
May  2  8,  1903.  He  was  a  native  of 
Soiithington,  Conn.,  and  first  came  to  this 
city  in  July,  1862,  worlving  in  the  Journal 
job  office.  He  left  shortly  after  to  work 
in  New  London  and  Norwich,  Conn.,  ra- 
turning  here  in  May,  1863.  Hearing  of 
opportunity  for  work  in  New  York  in 
1864  he  went  there,  but  found  a  strike  in 
progress  on  the  Times,  and  came  back 
to  Providence  the  next  day.  He  began 
work  in  the  composing  room  of  the  Jour- 
nal, later  going  to  the  Evening  Press,  of 
which  paper  he  became  foreman  in  1871, 
holding  that  position  until  1876,  when  he 
took  the  commercial  "sit."  When  the 
Press  died  he  worked  for  a  short  time  on 
the  Mail,  and  Jan.  8,  1885,  accepted  the 
position  of  Instructor  in  Printing  at  the 
Sockanosset  School  for  Boys,  holding  it 
until  he  died.  Under  his  administration 
the  Howard  Times  was  started  as  an 
institution  paper.  Mr.  Barnes  was  initi- 
ated into  Providence  Union  Nov.  14,  1863, 
its  secretary  from  1865  to  1870,  and  dele- 
gate to  I.  T.  U.  in  1871.  Before  coming 
to  Providence  he  travelled  extensively  on 
the  Pacific  Coast,  going  as  far  south  as 
Valparaiso,  where  he  worked  at  his  trade. 
Mr.  Barnes  was  a  private  in  Company  D, 
Sixth  N.  Y.  Cavalry,  from  August,  1861, 
to  June  28,  1862,  when  he  was  honorably 
discharged  for  disability.  He  was  a  mem- 
ber of  What  Cheer  Lodge,  No.  21,  A.  F. 
and  A.  M.  ;  of  Providence  Chapter,  Order 
of  the  Eastern  Star ;  of  Roger  Williams 
Lodge,  L  O.  O.  F.,  and  of  Rachel  Lodge, 
Daughters  of  Rebekah.  Mrs.  Barnes,  his 
wife,  fed  to  the  press  the  first  Evening 
Bulletin,  printed  Jan.  26,  1863,  through 
the  pressure  of  war  news. 

SIMEON  E.  BARNES  — Died  Provi- 
dence May  26,  1903.  He  had  worked  for 
the  R.  I.  Printing  Co.  as  a  compositor. 

WILLIAM  C.  BARNES — Born  London, 
Can.,  March  24,  1844;  learned  printing 
on  the  Tilsonburg  (Ont. )  Observer  and 
the  Woodstock  (Ont.)  Sentinel;  in  the 
summer  of  1883  he  worked  in  this  city  on 
the  Journal  ;  his  reputation  as  a  fast 
compositor  was  national.  He  took  first 
prize  in  local  trials  of  speed  at  Hartford, 
Conn.,  and  Montreal,  Can.  On  Sept.  10, 
1885,  in  the  office  of  the  New  York  Times, 
for  a  money  wager,  he  set  2001  ems  in 
55m.  30s.,  and  2160  ems  in  one  hour, 
which  stands  as  his  best  record.  He  won 
the  first  prize  in  the  Chicago  tournament 
held  in  1886.  In  this  contest  Barnes's 
best  gross  time  was  3011  ems  in  11/2 
hours;  best  time  (after  deduction  for 
time  consumed  in  correcting),  2954%  ems 
in  IVi  hours.  Total  for  21  hours,  gross, 
40,675;  time  correcting,  58  minutes; 
total  net,  21  hours,  39,22514.  In  the 
Philadelphia  tournament,  held  March  16- 
27,  1886,  his  best  gross  time  for  1 14 
hours  was  3220  ems;  best  net  time", 
31741/2  ems;  total  for  33  hours,  66,783 
ems  ;  time  correcting  total  amount, 
42%m.  ;  total  net  amount,  60,71414  ems. 
Mr.    Barnes    made    two    records    on    work 


never  before  attempted  by  any  other 
compositor.  At  Chicago,  dui-ing  the  first 
national  tournament,  in  one  hour  he  set 
1822  ems  with  the  lower  case  reversed; 
also  in  one  hour  1005  ems  blindfolded, 
with  but  one  error  in  spacing  and  one 
typographical  error.  At  Philadelphia, 
during  the  second  national  tournament,  he 
set  in  11/.  hours  2744  ems  with  the  lower 
case  reversed,  occupying  but  30  seconds 
correcting  the  same,  and  in  11-4  hours 
1635  ems,  blindfolded,  with  but  six 
errors.  Mr.  Barnes,  with  the  assistance 
of  Joseph  W.  McCann  and  Alexander 
Duguid,  edited  and  compiled  a  book  rela- 
tive to  fast  typesetting,  which  they  pub- 
lished in  1887.  Mr.  Barnes  was  "make- 
up" on  the  New  York  Evening  World  in 
1905. 

THOMAS  HARRY  BARNETT  (Rev.) 
— Born  Frome,  Somertshire,  England  ; 
learned  printing  with  Butler  &  Tanner 
at  Frome;  initiated  into  Providence  Union 
Nov.  9,  1873,  and  worked  in  the  book 
room  of  the  Providence  Press  Co.  until 
1877,  when  he  returned  to  England.  He 
then  entered  Rawdon  College,  was  or- 
dained and  is  now  a  missionary  in  India 
in  connection  with  the  London  Baptist 
Missionary   Society. 

EDWARD  P.  BARRY  —  Born  Evans- 
ville,  Ind.,  March  16,  1862;  learned  print- 
ing in  that  city,  beginning  in  1879  ;  ad- 
mitted to  Providence  Union  by  card  at 
the  June  meeting,  1888,  and  worked  here 
that  summer ;  joined  Evansville  Union, 
No.  35,  in  1882,  and  served  as  its  Presi- 
dent and  also  as  its  secretary  ;  delegate  to 
Detroit  in  1899  (I.  T.  U.)  ;  delegate  from 
Indianapolis,  No.  1,  to  State  Federation 
five  times ;  also  to  Central  Labor  Union 
of  Indianapolis  seven  years  and  its  Presi- 
dent four  terms  and  its  secretary  one 
term  ;  now  foreman  machine  department 
Indiana  Newspaper  Union. 

GEORGE  W.  BARRY — Born  Ticonder- 
oga,  N.  Y.,  Feb.  2  7.  1835  ;  began  to  learn 
printing  in  Brattleboro,  Vt.,  in  1841,  and 
finished  apprenticeship  in  the  Phoenix  job 
office.  Bellows  Falls,  Vt.  His  indentures 
stipulated  for  $20  the  first  and  second 
years,  $25  the  third  year  and  $30  the 
fourth  year,  with  board,  but  he  received 
$25  the  first  year,  $30  the  second,  $35 
the  third  and  $50  the  fourth,  with  board. 
He  went  to  Worcester  in  1856  ;  was  fore- 
man of  the  Woonsocket  Patriot  from 
1857  to  1859.  The  latter  year  Capt. 
Barry  came  to  Providence.  He  was  initi- 
ated into  No.  33  Aug.  13,  1859.  He 
worked  in  the  newspaper  offices  until  the 
Press  job  office  was  started,  when  he 
went  there,  staying  until  1861,  and  then 
going  to  the  war.  After  his  service  in 
the  Army  he  came  back  to  the  Press  job 
office  ;  was  foreman  of  Maxfield's,  then 
located  where  the  Bristol  Hotel  now  is  ; 
went  to  Boston  to  work  on  the  Post,  and 
in  1873,  when  the  Rhode  Island  Printing 
Co.  was  organized,  came  again  to  Provi- 
dence to  work  in  that  office,  where  he  has 


VIII 


PRINTERS  AND  PRINTING  IN  PROVIDENCE 


remained  until  tlie  present  time.  He  was 
President  of  Providence  Union  in  1871. 
Capt.  Barr>-  was  in  the  Navy  for  about 
one  year  before  the  war,  having  enlisted 
in  Boston  for  a  cruise  on  the  U.  S. 
frigate  Merrimac,  afterward  the  famous 
Confederate  ironclad. 

WILLIAM  F.  BARRY — Was  elected  an 
honorary  member  of  Providence  Union 
at  the  February  meeting  in  1887.  He 
was  then  district  recording  secretary  of 
the  Knights  of  Labor.  Afterward  he  prac- 
ticed law  in  this  city  and  in  1904  went 
to  one  of  the  Southern  cities  to  reside. 

JAMES  W.  BARTON  —  Died  Warren, 
R.  I.,  Aug.  14,  1877,  aged  68  years.  He 
learned  printing  in  the  office  of  the 
Rhode  Island  American,  but  immediately 
went  to  sea  after  finishing  his  apprentice- 
ship. He  continued  to  follow  tha  sea  for 
about  30  years,  mostly  as  a  whaleman, 
rising  to  the  position  of  captain.  In  1866 
he  established  the  Warren  Gazette  and 
conducted  it  about  11  years,  until  a  few 
months  before  his  death. 

LOUIS  A.  BASINET  —  Born  Durham, 
Qu3bec,  Can.,  May  18,  1860;  learned 
printing  at  Cowensville,  Quebec,  begin- 
ning in  1877  ;  worked  in  Providence  since 
1882,  with  the  exception  of  five  years, 
1884-89;  initiated  into  No.  33  Oct.  31, 
1897  ;  at  present  conducting  a  printing 
office  at  35  Cranston  strset,  this  city. 

F.  W.  BAXTER — Born  1877;  learned 
trade  at  Philadelphia,  Pa.  ;  worked  at 
Remington  Printing  Co.,  this  city,  in 
1902  ;  applied  for  admission  to  No.  33 
Nov.   30,   1902. 

JOHN  BAXTER — Born  Ireland  June 
24,  1844  ;  came  to  the  United  States 
when  two  years  old ;  learned  printing 
with  A.  Crawford  Greene,  beginning  in 
1856;  initiated  into  Providence  Union 
May  12,  1866.  In  the  Civil  War  Mr. 
Baxter  served  with  the  11th  R.  I. 

EDGAR  O.  BEACHAM — Born  Ravan- 
na.  Mo.,  in  1865  ;  learned  printing  at 
Trenton  in  that  State,  starting  at  the 
trade  in  1879.  He  was  initiated  into 
Providence  LTnion  Dec.  18,  1892  ;  served 
as  its  President  in  1906,  during  the  first 
year  of  the  eight-hour  struggle  ;  at  pres- 
ent assistant  foreman  on  Tribune. 

ISAAC  A.  BEALS— Born  Halifax,  N.  S.. 
where  he  learned  the  printing  trade  ;  ad- 
mitted to  Providence  Union  by  card  Sept. 
30,  1900,  and  was  foreman  of  the  Evening 
News  the  same  year ;  for  a  time  he 
worksd  in  Hartford  and  was  President  of 
the  Union  in  that  city.  Now  located  in 
Boston. 

JOHN  K.  BEATTIK  — Born  Scotland 
Nov.  27,  1861;  learned  printing  at 
Hawick,  Scotland,  beginning  in  1876;  ad- 
mitted to  Providence  Union  by  card  at  tin- 
July  meeting,  1889  ;  worked  in  Providence 
about  seven  years  in   nearly  all  the  prin- 


cipal shops  and  at  E.  L.  Freeman  & 
Son's,  Central  Falls,  about  eight  years ; 
at  present  in  Boston,  Mass. 

WILLIAM  F.  BEEBE — Initiated  into 
Providence  Typographical  Union  Dec.  10, 
1870.  He  worked  in  the  job  office  of 
M.  B.  Young  in  1871. 

ADELBERT  M.  BEERS — Born  Spen- 
cer, Mass.,  March  5,  1848;  learned  print- 
ing trade  in  Hartford,  Conn.,  beginning  in 
1867  ;  admitted  to  Providence  Union  by 
card  Aug.  27,  1884  ;  worked  in  this  city 
on  the  Journal,  Telegram,  Press  and 
Star ;  was  in  the  United  States  Navy 
during  the  Civil  War  ;  at  present  located 
in  Providence. 

HORACE  G.  BELCHER — Born  Pater- 
son,  N.  J.,  Sept.  21,  1872;  learned  print- 
ing with  R.  I.  Printing  Co.,  beginning  in 
1888;  at  present  editor  of  Sunday  Trib- 
une. 

JOHN  A.  BELCHER  —  Born  Ea^le 
Valley,  Orange  county,  N.  Y.,  Sept.  11, 
1850  ;  learned  printing  trade  in  Paterson, 
N.  J.,  and  New  York  city,  beginning  in 
1863;  worked  in  this  city  from  1874  to 
1905  (31  years)  at  R.  I.  Printing  Co.;  in 
1905  became  partner  with  Elias  S.  Nick- 
erson  in  firm  of  John  F.  Greene  Co.  ; 
resident  of  Lakewood  and  Tax  Assessor 
of   Warwick,    R.    I. 

JOSEPH  W.  BELCHER — Born  Eagle 
Valley,  Orange  county,  N.  Y.,  March  31, 
185  3  ;  learned  printing  on  the  Paterson 
Daily  Press,  beginning  in  1868;  worked 
in  Providence  for  Chapman  &  Carter, 
1873;  R.  I.  Printing  Co.,  1873-1884;  John 
F.  Greene,  1884  ;  George  F.  Chapman  & 
Co..  1884-85;  R.  I.  Printing  Co.,  1885-87, 
1889-1903;  in  Boston  for  L.  Barta  &  Co.. 
1887-89;  initiated  into  Boston  Typo- 
graphical Union  in  1S87  and  into  No.  33 
Feb.  22,  1903  ;  at  present  employed  In 
Government  Printing  Office,  Washington. 
D.  C. 

JAMES  M.  BELL — Born  Mt.  Sterling. 
111.,  June  16,  1858;  learned  printing  in 
Quincy,  111.,  beginning  in  1870;  admitted 
by  card  into  Providence  Union  at  the 
April  meeting,  1888;  at  present  located 
in  New  York  city.  Mr.  Bell  is  best 
known  to  the  craft  as  "Park  Row"  in  old 
Union  Printer  and  other  typographical 
pul)lications.  He  is  the  author  of  many 
humorous  stories  and  poems. 

JOHN  D.  BELI., — Born  1870;  learned 
printing  in  office  of  Canadian  Champion 
at  Melton,  Ont.  ;  worked  in  Fall  River. 
We.'iterly  and  at  Snow  &  Farnham's, 
Providence,  in  1901  ;  joined  Providence 
Union   March   27,   1901. 

BENJAMIN  I.  BENNETT — Born  Paw- 
tucket,  R.  I.,  Jan.  31,  1874;  learned 
pi  lilting  on  I'awtucket  Times,  begiiuiing 
In  ISS.S;  admltt'd  to  Providence  I'nion 
bv  card  June  28,  1903,  and  worked  In 
this  city  until  March  23,  1904  ;  now  lo- 
cated in  Boston,  Mass. 


THE  JOURNEYMEN 


IX 


GEORGE  BENNETT — Born  Maysham. 
Lancashire,  England.  Nov.  24,  1871  ; 
learned  printing  in  Visitor  office,  More- 
cambe,  Lancashire,  working  tliere  about 
12  years  in  all,  "and  on  leaving  previous 
to  coming  to  America  was  the  recipient  of 
a  handsome  travelling  bag  as  a  token  of 
regard  from  the  companionship."  He  was 
a  member  of  the  English  Typographical 
Association  more  than  10  years.  He  came 
to  Providence  in  1903,  depositing  a  card 
Sept.  28  of  that  year. 

JOATHAM  BENSON  —  Born  1871; 
learned  printing  at  Biddeford,  Me.,  be- 
ginning in  1889  ;  initiated  into  Providence 
Union  July  28,  1901  ;  participated  in  the 
eight-hour  strike  in  1906  ;  left  Providence 
in  March,    1906. 

WILLIAM  H.  BERRY — Name  in  1853 
Directory  ;  in  1856,  in  company  with 
Robert  A.  Pierce,  he  started  the  Franklin 
printing  office  at  36  Westminster  street  ; 
in  1858  his  application  for  membership 
in  Providence  Union  was  rejected,  proba- 
bly because  he  was  a  proprietor ;  name 
does   not   appear   in   Directory    after    1861. 

FRANK  N.  BERTHERMAN  —  Born 
Ottawa.  Can.,  in  1870  ;  learned  printing 
at  Bay  City,  Mich.,  beginning  in  1885  ; 
initiated  into  Providence  Union  Nov.  25, 
1900;  participated  in  the  effort  for  the 
eight-hour  day  in  19  06  ;  at  present  em- 
ployed on  Evening  Bulletin. 

HENRY  BERTRAND — Born  St.  Johns. 
P.  Q.  ;  learned  printing  in  Lowell,  Mass.  ; 
admitted  to  Providence  Union  by  card  at 
the  November  meeting,  1886,  and  worked 
on  the  Telegram ;  in  1905  located  in 
Brockton,  Mass. 

JAMES  L.  BICKNELL  —  Born  John- 
ston, R.  L,  Feb.  20,  1839.  He  was  taken 
West  when  a  small  boy,  and  in  1850,  in 
Evansville,  Ind.,  on  the  Morning  Journal, 
he  began  to  learn  the  printing  trade. 
Ajrter  finishing  his  apprenticeship  he 
worked  on  the  Pittsburg  Dispatch,  Cin- 
cinnati Enquirer,  Louisville  Journal.  Mem- 
phis Appeal,  New  Orleans  Bee,  Norwich 
Bulletin  and  on  the  Providence  Herald, 
Press,  Journal,  Telegram  and  News.  He 
served  three  years  in  the  Fifth  Regiment. 
R.  I.  Heavy  Artillery,  in  the  Civil  War. 
Mr.  Bicknell  was  initiated  into  Provi- 
dence Union  March  11,  1865.  He  died  in 
Providence   April    28,    19061 

WALTER  S.  BINGHAM — Born  Spen- 
cer. Mass.,  Feb.  21,  1863  ;  learned  print- 
ing in  office  of  J.  E.  Farwell  &  Co..  Bos- 
ton, beginning  in  1879;  initiated  'into 
Boston  Typogi-aphical  Union  in  1894  ; 
worked  in  Providence  at  E.  A.  Johnson  & 
Co.'s  in  1900-01  ;  located  in  Brockton, 
Mass.,  in  1905. 

WILLARD  MILTON  BISHOP  —  B;nn 
Kentville,  N.  S.,  Dec.  26,  1863;  started 
in  1879  to  learn  printing  on  the  Western 
Chronicle    of    that    town,    continuing    one 


year  on  the  Wollville  Star,  and  finished 
at  Rand  &  Avery's,  Boston  ;  was  with 
the  latter  firm  until  1888;  admitted  to 
Providence  Union  by  card  Sept.  28,  1903  ; 
was  employed  at  Remington  Printing  Co. 
until  December,  1905,  when  he  left  Provi- 
dence; worked  in  Boston  early  in   1907. 

WILLIAM  P.  BITTMAN  —  Born  Cin- 
cinnati, O.,  Sept.  7,  1833;  learned  print- 
ing in  that  city,  beginning  in  1847  ; 
worked  in  Providence  1882-92  ;  Civil  War 
veteran  ;  at  present  rotates  between  Los 
Angeles,   Cal.,   and   Colorado  Springs,   Col. 

RICHARD  BLACK  —  Born  County 
Cavan.  Ireland,  in  1860;  learned  printing 
at  Mohill,  county  Leitrim.  and  at  Glas- 
gow, Scotland  ;  joined  the  Union  in  Ayr, 
Scotland,  March  1,  1881  ;  came  to  America 
in  June,  1889,  and  deposited  card  that 
month  in  Providence  Union  ;  worked  for 
J.  A.  &  R.  A.  Reid  six  months,  and  then 
for  E.  L.  Freeman  &  Son,  Central  Falls, 
two  years;  in  1891  entered  the  office  of 
J.  S.  Gushing  &  Co.,  Boston ;  moved  to 
Norwood  with  that  firm  ;  charter  member 
of    Norwood    Union. 

F.  W.  BLAKE — Deposited  Boston  card 
with  No.  33  October.  1906  ;  withdrew  card 
March.  1907  ;  worked  on  Tribune  as 
machinist. 

FRANCIS  BLIVEN— Printer ;  died  in 
Providence,  April  3.  1816,  aged  22  vears. 
— Patriot. 

CHARLES  H.  BLOUNT — Born  Lisbon. 
N.  Y.,  in  1865  ;  learned  printing  in 
Ogdensburg,  N.  Y.,  beginning  in  1881  ; 
admitted  to  Providence  Union  by  card 
October,  1888;  at  present  on  the  Boston 
Globe. 

HENRY  H.  BOARDMAN — Born  Nor- 
wich. Vt..  April  14.  182  7  ;  learned  printing 
in  Windsor,  Vt.,  beginning  Jan.  26,  1842  ; 
worked  on  the  Boston  Journal  37  years, 
from  184  8  to  1885  ;  on  the  Providence 
Evening  Bulletin  from  1886  to  1890;  was 
one  time  publisher  of  the  Newton  (Mass.) 
Graphic ;  always  interested  in  chess  and 
checkers ;  represented  Boston  in  the 
National  Convention  of  1851  ;  initiated 
into  Providence  Union  Aug.  28,  1887; 
resided  in  Jewett  City,  Conn.,  in  1904. 

GEORGE  A.  BOLTON  —  Born  South- 
bridge.  Mass.,  in  1853  ;  learned  printing 
in  that  town,  beginning  in  1870;  worked 
in  Providence  since  1902  ;  at  present  with 
the    R.    I.    Printing  Co. 

GEORGE  E.  BOOMER — Came  to  Provi- 
dence from  Madison,  Me.,  where  he  had 
learned  printing ;  initiated  into  Provi- 
dence Union  at  the  first  meeting  when  it 
was  reorganized,  April  8.  1883  ;  worked 
on  Journal  and  Telegram  ;  editor  of  Jus- 
tice from  April  7.  1894,  to  Nov.  30,  1895; 
went  to  the  Pacific  Coast  States. 

STEPHEN  BOOTH  —  Born  England 
Nov.   30,   1840;   learned  printing  in  Woon- 


PRINTERS  AND  PRINTING  IN  PROVIDENCE 


socket,  R.  I..  1857-61  ;  worked  in  Provi- 
dence from  November,  1864,  to  Marcli, 
1872;  joined  No.  33  Marcli  11,  1865;  was 
its  President  in  1866,  treasurer  in  1869 
and  secretary  in  1S71.  Tlie  contest  for 
thie  latter  position  was  the  "most  hotly 
contested"  the  Union  liad  ever  witnessed. 
The  opposing  candidate  was  Henry  A. 
Barnes  (Brown),  tlion  secretary  and  also 
foreman  of  the  Press.  Before  his  term 
expired  Mr.  Booth  removed  to  Boston,  to 
work  on  the  Globe,  where  he  has  been 
ever  since,  with  the  exception  of  the 
year  1883,  spent  in  the  West.  He  was 
President  of  Boston  Union   in   1882. 

ROBERT  P.  BOSS — Born  Newport, 
R.  I.,  Jan.  11.  1840;  learned  printing  on 
the  Newport  Mercury;  in  1861  he  enlisted 
in  the  Navy  and  served  until  1864  as 
master's  inate  ;  participated  in  the  cap- 
ture of  Roanoke  Island,  the  smashing  of 
the  rebel  fleet  at  EHzabethport.  the  cap- 
ture of  Newberne  and  seige  of  Washing- 
ton, N.  C,  the  battle  of  the  Blackwater 
at  Franklin  Bridge,  etc.  In  1865  Mr. 
Boss  came  to  Providence,  working  first 
on  the  Journal.  From  there  he  went  to 
the  Evening  Press  and  was  elected  fore- 
man of  that  paper  by  the  compositors 
and  confirmed  in  that  position  by  the 
management,  holding  it  for  two  years. 
Thence  he  went  to  the  Herald  for  one 
year  and  then  back  to  the  Press,  where 
he  was  again  made  foreman  through  a 
change  in  management.  He  held  his  sec- 
ond foremanship  on  the  Press  about  three 
months.  Mr.  Boss's  name  was  proposed 
in  Providence  Union  in  1860.  On  account 
of  his  absence  in  the  war  he  was  not 
initiated  until  Oct.  14,  1865.  In  1871  Mr. 
Boss  went  to  Boston,  and  in  March.  1872, 
was  made  night  foreman  of  the  Globe. 
In  August,  1873,  he  was  made  Superin- 
tendent, and  held  that  position  until  his 
health  failed.  Mr.  Boss  is  a  member  of 
St.  John's  Lodge,  No.  1.  F.  and  A.  M., 
of  this  city  ;  Grand  Army  of  the  Repub- 
lic, Kearsarge  Association  of  Naval  Vet- 
erans, Boston  Tytiographical  Union,  An- 
cient and  Honorable  Artillery  of  Boston, 
Royal  Society  of  Good  I-'ellows  and 
Knights  and  Ladies  of  Honor.  He  repre- 
sented Boston  Union  in  the  I.  T.  U.  con- 
vention of   1882. 

MAXIME  S.  BOURET — Learned  print- 
ing in  the  offlce  of  the  Woonsocket 
Reporter;  initiated  into  Providence  Union 
July  29,  1883;  worked  on  the  Star  ami 
•Tournal  ;  published  a  Sunday  paper  in 
Woonsocket  for  four  weeks,  beginning 
M;iy  3,  1885,  in  company  witli  Edward  B. 
Condon  ;  learned  to  operate  a  linotype  on 
the  Journal  ;  has  been  witli  tlie  Bo.'^ton 
Globe  since  leaving  Providence;  in  1898 
delegate  to  I.  T.   V.   from  Boston. 

CHARLES  RUSSELL  BOUTELLIO^ 
Born  Providence  in  1875;  leained  f)rint- 
ing  at  Snow  &  Karnhani's.  biginning  in 
1890,  and  is  now  employed  in  th.it  (itticc 
He  was  initiated  into  Piii\  id(  ncc  I'niou 
June  24,   1900. 


JAMES  P.  BOWDITCH — Born  Berk- 
shire, Vt.,  March  2,  1877  ;  learned  printing 
in  Providence,  beginning  in  1891  ;  initi- 
ated into  No.  33  March  31,  1905  ;  at  pres- 
ent employed  on  the  Evening  Tribune. 

JOSIAH  B.  BOWDITCH — Born  July  31, 
1842,  in  Fairfield,  Vt.  ;  learned  the  print- 
ing trade  in  St.  Albans  and  Richford,  Vt.. 
beginning  in  1858.  April  20,  1861,  he 
enlisted,  serving  through  the  Civil  War, 
and  was  mustered  out  June  24,  1865.  He 
owned  a  weekly  paper  and  general  print- 
ing office  in  Richford  from  October,  1866, 
until  March,  1875.  Was  a  reporter  and 
editorial  writer  on  St.  Albans  and  Rut- 
land papers  in  1875  to  1S79,  editor,  col- 
lector and  advertising  solicitor  on  Paw- 
tu.xet  Valley  Gleaner  from  October,  1881, 
to  July,  1886;  editorial  writer,  telegraphic 
editor  and  proofreader  on  Providence 
Telegram  from  August,  1886,  to  July, 
1887,  and  editorial  writer  on  same  paper 
in  1889.  Mr.  Bowditch  owned  the  East 
Greenwich  Pendulum  from  January,  1888, 
to  December,  1889;  was  a  proofreader 
and  compositor  for  the  Continental  Print- 
ing Co.  in  1896,  and  has  been  a  contribu- 
tor to  the  Providence  Journal  since  1890. 
At  various  times  Mr.  Bowditch  has  been 
a  compositor  in  Springfield,  Boston  and 
Quincy,  Mass. 

THOMAS  F.  BOWEN  —  Born  Provi- 
dence Oct.  31,  1876;  learned  printing  at 
Reids',  beginning  in  1892  ;  initiated  into 
No.  33  Feb.  25,  1900;  at  present  employed 
on  Evening  Bulletin. 

JAMES  P.  BOWES  —  Born  Sackville, 
N.  B.  ;  died  in  this  city  March  6,  1894. 
For  many  years  was  employed  as  a  com- 
positor on  the  Journal,  and  on  the  intro- 
duction of  machines  here  went  to  the 
New  York  Herald.  He  was  delegate  to 
the  I.  T.  U.  convention  at  Buffalo  from 
No.  33.  He  was  obligated  at  the  first 
meeting  of  the  reorganized  L^nion  in  1883. 

NELSON  BOYLE— Born  Albion,  R.  I., 
Dec.  19,  1829,  and  died  while  on  a  visit 
to  his  parents  in  Jewett  City,  Conn., 
Dec.  28,  1872.  He  began  to  learn  printing 
about  1849  with  Samuel  Foss  in  Woon- 
socket. In  1850  he  was  employed  on  the 
Providence  Post,  and  in  1857  was  a  char- 
ter member  of  No.  33.  He  was  station 
agent  for  the  Warren  and  Bristol  Rail- 
road at  Fox  Point.  Pro\idence,  for  sev- 
eral years  before  his  death.  He  is  buried 
in  Pawtueket. 

LESLIE  BOYXTON— Born  Woonsocket, 
R.  I.,  Jan.  2,  1876;  learned  printing  on 
the  Providence  Telegram  and  worked 
there  six  years ;  located  in  New  York 
city   in    1904. 

JOSEPH  H.  BRACKETT — Born  Cam- 
bridge. Mass..  Aug.  25,  1871;  leaineil 
printing  at  Hitchcock  Musical  Publishing 
Co..  New  Yoi-k  city,  beginning  in  1886: 
admitted  to  Providence  Union  by  card  at 
Seiitember  meeting,  1905.  Left  printing  in 
I 'Hid,    taking  ui>  the  show  business. 


THE  JOURNEYMEN 


XI 


ARTHUR  BRADBURY — Born  Bury, 
Lancashire.  Eng.,  Feb.  14,  1884  ;  learned 
printing  on  the  Bury  Guardian  ;  admitted 
to  Providence  Union  at  October  meeting, 
1905  ;  came  out  of  John  F.  Greens's  on 
the  strike  for  eight  hours  in  1906.  Left 
Providence  in  October,  1906,  and  worked 
in  New  Bedford  in  1907. 

JOHN  BRADY  —  Born  Providence  in 
1854  and  died  here  Aug.  10,1902;  learned 
printing  in  the  Journal  office,  finishing 
his  apprenticeship  in  1870;  initiated  into 
Providence  Union  Nov.  11,  1871  ;  worked 
for  about  10  years  on  the  Evening  Press 
and  then  established  a  retail  shoe  busi- 
ness, which  he  carried  on  until  a  short 
time  before  his  death. 

JOHN  W.  BRAMWOOD  —  Secretary- 
Treasurer  of  the  International  Typo- 
graphical Union  ;  born  Sept.  27,  1856, 
in  Fall  River,  Mass.,  whers  in  his  early 
youth  he  was  employed  in  a  cotton  mill. 
At  the  age  of  12  he  entered  the  office  of 
the  Fall  River  News  to  learn  printing. 
Shortly  afterward  he  moved  West  with 
his  parents.  He  became  a  member  of 
Denver  Union,  No.  49,  In  May,  1872, 
being  at  the  time  less  than  IG  years  of 
age.  Mr.  Brainwood  has  worked  on  all 
the  dailies  and  magazines  of  note  in  the 
larger  cities  of  the  United  States  and 
Canada.  He  finally  settled  down  in  Den- 
ver, and  during  his  residence  there  filled 
every  official  position  within  the  province 
of  the  local  Union,  serving  two  terms  as 
its  President.  He  was  also  an  active 
worker  in  the  Central  Labor  Union  of 
Denver,  and  for  two  years  its  presiding 
officer.  At  the  Louisville  convention  of 
the  International  in  1894  he  represented 
Denver  Union,  and  was  elected  as  one  of 
the  International  delegates  to  the  Ameri- 
can Federation  of  Labor.  That  office  was 
occupied  two  years,  during  which  he  at- 
tended the  sessions  of  the  American  Fed- 
eration of  Labor  in  Denver  and  New 
York  city.  As  an  appreciation  of  his  ser- 
vices Denver  again  selected  him  to  rep- 
resent it  at  the  Colorado  Springs  meeting 
of  the  International  Union,  held  in  1896. 
He  was  there  elected  secretary-treasurer 
of  the  International  Typographical  Union. 
He  was  re-elected  to  his  present  office  by 
a  referendum  vote  in  1898,  1900,  1902, 
1904  and  1906.  Besides  being  secretary- 
treasurer  of  the  International.  Mr.  Bram- 
wood  is  secretary  of  the  executive  council, 
a  member  of  the  board  of  trustees  of  the 
Union  Printer-s'  Home  and  secretary- 
treasurer  of  the  Union  Printers'  Home 
Corporation.  He  is  also  editor  of  the 
Typographical  Journal,  the  official  maga- 
zine of  the  craft.  He  is  regarded  as  one 
of  the  most  conservative  men  in  the  labor 
movement  and  has  a  host  of  friends 
throughout  the  country.  He  was  admit- 
ted by  card  to  Providence  Union  Dec. 
26,  1884. 

SOL.  L.  BRANDT — Born  187.3;  began 
to  learn  printing  in  18)0  ;  elected  a  mem- 
ber of  Providence  Union  Sept.   28,   1903. 


ROBERT  BRANNAN  —  Born  Fred- 
erickton,  N.  B.,  Oct.  24.  1882;  he  learned 
printing  there  and  in  1865  moved  to 
Boston ;  he  remained  in  that  city  less 
than  a  year,  beginning  work  in  the  Provi- 
dence Journal  composing  room  in  1866. 
From  that  time  until  two  weeks  before 
his  death  he  continued  with  the  Journal. 
He  died  in  the  harness,  having  stood  to 
his  work  until  he  was  carried  from  the 
composing  room  to  the  Rhode  Island 
Hospital,  where  he  died  Aug.  15,  1886,  in 
his  65th  year,  succumbing  to  the  wear 
and  tear  of  years  and  work.  At  his 
funeral  representatives  of  every  depart- 
ment of  the  Journal  were  present.  Messrs. 
H.  C.  Barnes.  William  Elsbree  and  John 
H.  Hurley  of  the  composing  room  sang 
the  h%mn,  "Nearer,  My  God,  to  Thee." 
His  remains  lie  in  tlie  North  Burial 
Ground.  Mr.  Brannan  was  initiated  into 
Providence  Union  Nov.   14,   1868. 

GEORGE  A.  BREEN — Born  Webster. 
Mass.,  Sept.  10,  1872  ;  learned  printing  at 
office  of  Webster  Times  ;  worked  in  Provi- 
dence in  18  91  at  Remington's  and  Snow 
&  Farnham's  ;  admitted  to  Providence 
Union  Dec.  30,  1900,  by  card;  located  in 
New  Bedford  in   1904. 

JAMES  H.  BREH.A.UT  —  Born  Sum- 
merside,  P.  E.  I..  March  12,  1864;  learned 
printing  on  the  Summerside  Journal  ; 
worked  in  Providence  on  the  Telegram 
from  February  to  November,  1891  ;  ad- 
mitted by  card  to  Providence  Union  Feb. 
22.  1891  ;  at  present  employed  on  the 
Boston  Post. 

WILLIAM  ALBERT  BREHAUT — Born 
Summerside,  P.  E.  I.,  Oct.  5.  1868:  died 
Boston,  Mass.,  Jan.  24,  1904,  at  the 
Massachusetts  General  Hospital  ;  learned 
printing  at  Summerside,  starting  in  1880  ; 
was  initiated  into  Providence  Union  at 
the  January  meeting.  1887;  worked  on 
the  Star  until  it  stopped,  in  March  of 
that  yeai-,  then  went  to  Boston  and 
worked  on  the  Post  until  the  lockout  in 
1891  ;  then  returned  to  this  city  for  a  few 
weeks'  work  on  the  Evening  Telegram ; 
returning  to  Boston,  he  labored  there 
mostly  on  the  Post  until  stricken  with 
his  last  sickness  in  tlie  fall  of  1904.  He 
was  a  brother  of  James  H.  Brehaut.  He 
is  buried  at  Forest  Hills,  Mass. 

FRANCIS  J.  BRENNAN — Born  1874: 
learned  printing  with  Buker  Publishing 
Co..  Providence ;  worked  in  various  job 
offices  in  this  city  :  applied  for  admission 
to  No.   33   in   1906. 

JOHN  P.  BRENNAN  —  Born  Ireland. 
1877  ;  initiated  into  Pi-ovidence  I'nion  Aug. 
27.  1906  :  admitted  to  Rhode  Island  bar 
1906  ;   now  attorney-at-law   in   this  city. 

CHARLES  A.  BRIGGS — Born  Cromp- 
ton,  R.  I.,  Aug.  31.  1856;  learned  printing 
with  G.  B.  &  J.  H.  Utter,  Westerly, 
R.  I.,  beginning  in  1S71  ;  initiated  into 
New  London  Union  ;  admitted  to  Provi- 
dence    Union     by     card     Sept.     28,     1902  ; 


xn 


PRINTERS  AND  PRINTING  IN  PROVIDENCE 


worked  in  various  book  and  job  offices 
liere ;  was  a  cliarter  member  of  War- 
wick Typographical  Union,  and  was  in 
Providence  for  a  sliort  time  in  1906; 
now  resides  at   Phenix,   R.   I. 

JETHRO  TILLINGHAST  BRIGGS  — 
Born  Fall  River.  Mass.,  1825;  came  to 
this  city  in  1S40.  and  in  1815  was  an 
apprentice  on  the  Journal,  where  he 
learned  the  ftrinting  trade.  He  was  a 
charter  member  of  Providence  Typo- 
graphical Union ;  worked  in  about  every 
printing  office  of  any  note  in  the  city 
during  his  time  at  the  business.  He  died 
Feb.    11,    1888.  . 

WILLIAM  F.  BRIGGS  —  Born  Attle- 
boro,  Mass.,  Dec.  1,  1869  ;  learned  print- 
ing at  E.  L.  Freeman's,  beginning  in 
1887  ;  participated  in  ths  effort  for  the 
eight-hour  day  in  1906  ;  worked  in  Provi- 
dence since   1903  ;   lost   left  hand  in   1897. 

THOMAS  BROUGHTON— Born  Kent. 
England,  July,  1876;  learned  printing  in 
the  Mercury  job  office.  New  Bedford, 
Mass.  ;  admitted  by  card  to  Providence 
Union  Oct.  27,  1901  ;  worked  at  J.  J. 
Ryder's  and  at  Standard  Printing  Co.  ; 
also  on  the  Pawtucket  Times  and  Attle- 
boro  Sun  ;  employed  on  the  New  Bedford 
Sunday  Times  in   1904. 

LAUGH  LAN  W.  BROW — Born  Taun- 
ton, Mass..  Maich  14,  1863  ;  learned 
printing  in  the  office  of  the  Bristol  County 
Republican,  beginning  in  1880;  worked  in 
Providence  at  J.  A.  &  R.  A.  Reid's  for 
a  short  time  in  1885,  and  from  June  of 
that  year  until  December,  1894,  in  the 
Journal  office,  wher?  he  learned  to 
operate  a  linotype  ;  initiated  into  No.  33 
Nov.  30,  1885  ;  since  leaving  Providence 
he  has  been  Employed  on  the  Boston 
Globe,  but  resides  in  Taunton. 

ASAHEL  P.  BROWN  —  Died  Aug.  3, 
1898,  after  suffering  four  .years  from  a 
.shock  of  paralysis.  He  was  born  in  New- 
port, R.  I.,  in  1847  ;  learned  the  printing 
trade  in  tlie  job  office  of  Knowles, 
Anthony  &  Co.,  whence  he  went  to  the 
Evening  Press;  from  1872  to  1886  hy 
was  foreman  of  the  Morning  Star  ;  then 
he  went  to  the  Journal,  wliei-e  he  learned 
to  operate  a  linotype  ;  his  last  work  was 
copy-holding.  Mr.  Brown  was  initiated 
into  Providence  Union  Dae.  15,  1867  ; 
President  in  1873  and  1874,  and  delegate 
to  the  I.   T.   U.   in   1875  and   1876. 

GEORGE  H.  BROWN  —  Born  Provi- 
dence Feb.  10,  1879;  learned  printing  at 
office  of  William  R.  Brown  &  Co.,  begin- 
ning in  1896;  became  a  member  of  Provi- 
d:'nce  Union  Oct.  29,  1899;  was  fuicman 
of  Brown's,  and  is  now  iiniprictur  <>!'  tlu' 
Industrial   Printing  Co. 

IIIONRY  A.  BROWN  — IniHat<d  into 
Vi-ovidcnce  Union  Jan.  27,  1901.  lie  w.is 
biiin  in  1858  and  learn(Ml  priming  in  the 
office  of  the  Calais  (Me.)  .\il\ .  it  i.s.T-. 
beginning  in    1 891. 


HUGH  HALE  BROWN — Born  Provi- 
dence May  16,  1792  ;  died  Brooklyn, 
N.  Y.,  at  the  r?sidence  of  his  son-in-law. 
Prof.  S.  S.  Cutting,  Oct.  4.  1863,  aged  71 
years.  His  father  was  Capt.  Jeremiah 
Brown,  a  descendant  of  Chad  Brown, 
and  his  mother  Susannah  Welch,  daugh- 
ter of  John  Welch,  who  carved  the 
sacred  codfish  for  the  State  House  in 
Boston,  Mass.  In  a  journey  from  Boston 
to  Providence,  made  in  a  vehicle  without 
springs,  and  resembling  a  prairie  schooner, 
his  mother  brought  on  her  knees  an  oval 
mirror  with  carved  frame  and  eagle, 
"cousin  to  the  sacred  codfish."  This  mir- 
ror was  owned  by  Samuel  W.  Brown, 
nephew  to  Hugh,  until  his  death.  Hugh 
learned  printing  with  John  Carter.  When 
the  latter  sold  his  business,  Hugh  Brown 
and  W.  H.  Wilson,  who  had  both  learned 
the  trade  with  Carter,  were  the  pur- 
chasers. Two  years  later  Brown  was 
sole  owner,  and  continued  so  until  1820, 
when  Walter  R.  Danforth  became  a 
partner.  This  firm  dissolved  in  1825,  and 
from  that  date  until  1863  Brown  was  sole 
proprietor.  The  Directory  was  first  printed 
in  that  office  in  1824  and  until  1860; 
the  Tax  Book  from  1834  to  1860.  The 
Rhode  Island  Register  was  also  Issued 
from  there  for  a  number  of  years.  Mr. 
Brown  was  clerk  of  the  Warren  Baptist 
Association  for  30  years  and  never  missed 
a  meeting.  He  is  buried  in  this  city.  The 
funeral  services  were  h9ld  at  the  First 
Baptist  Meeting  House.  The  Providence 
Journal  said  at  the  time  of  his  death : 
"The  infirmities  of  age  compelled  him 
se\eral  months  ago  to  give  up  the  busi- 
ness of  printing,  in  which  he  had  passed 
his  long,  upright  and  useful  life.  He 
then  left  this  city  and  went  to  the  home 
of  his  son-in-law.  ' 

NATHANIEL  T.  BROWN — Born  Bos- 
ton, Mass.,  Feb.  16,  1847;  learned  print- 
ing in  Smith  &  Potter's  of  that  city  ; 
worked  In  Providence  for  Press  Co.  for 
about  16  years;  at  present  with  E.  L. 
Freeman   &   Sons,   Central   Falls. 

SAMUEL  WELCH  BROWN  —  Bjrn 
Providence  January,  1824.  His  first  in- 
troduction to  printing  was  as  carrier  for 
S.  S.  Wilson's  Penny  Post.  He  also  was 
a  carrier  for  the  Morning  Courier  in 
1838  and  for  the  Journal  when  it  ab- 
sorbed tlie  Courier.  In  1840  he  began  an 
apprenticeship  with  his  uni-le.  Hugh  H. 
Brown,  continuing  at  the  business  until 
1843.  Mr.  Brown  was  a  bhoksell?r  from 
1844  to  1857.  In  the  latter  year  he  became 
lonnected  with  the  Municipal  Court,  and 
ill  1S60  bfcanie  Cit\-  Clerk,  continuing  In 
that  i)osltli>ii  until  1S79.  when  he  retired 
from  a(ti\e  Im.siness.  Hi'  died  Jan.  30, 
1907. 

D.WII)  JAMIOS  BROWNE — Born  1883  ; 
li.iiiied  machinist  trade  at  Belfast.  Ire- 
l:iiul  ;  worked  on  Kvening  Tribune  in 
Providence  from  June  to  December,  I'.KH!; 
withdrew   I.   T.    U.   card   April,    1907. 


THE  JOURNEYMEN 


XIII 


EDWIN  A.   BROWNE — Was  a  member 

of     Providence     Union     before,,  1865  ;     liis 

card  was  received  again  on  April  11, 
1868,   and  May   14,    1870. 

WILLIAM  E.  BROWNE  —  Died  New 
London,  Conn.,  Nov.  12,  1888,  aged  63 
years.  He  learned  printing  in  the  office 
of  tlie  Pawtuclvet  Gazette  and  Clironicle, 
but  most  of  liis  life  was  a  writer,  worlt- 
ing  for  tlie  Pi'ovidence  Journal  nearly'  25 
years. 

CHARLES  R.  BROWNELL  —  Born 
Providence  July  8,  1871;  learned  printing 
at  Standard  Printing  Co.,  beginning  in  • 
1888;  initiated  into  Providence  Union 
July  27,  1902  ;  worked  in  tlie  Journal  and 
other  offices  in  Providence ;  participated 
in  eight-hour  strike  in  1906  ;  at  present 
with   Economical  Printing  Co. 

RICHARD       M.       BROWNING  —  Born 

Mallow,  Ireland,  Jan.  7,  1867;  learned 
printing  at  Chronicle  Printing  Co.,  Paw- 
tucket  ;  worked  in  Providence  on  News 
in  1898  ;  now  employed  in  tax  assessor's 
office,  Pawtucket. 

ROBERT  B.  BUCHANAN — Born  Bris- 
tol, R.  I.,  in  1849  ;  learned  printing  at 
Hammond,  Angell  &  Co.'s,  beginning  in 
1869  ;  worked  in  this  city  more  than  35 
years,  mostly  in  book  and  job  offices ; 
initiated  into  No.  33  Sept.  28,  1890;  par- 
ticipated in  the  effort  for  eight-hour  day 
in   1906. 

NICHOLAS  W.  BUCKLEY — Born  New 
York  city,  on  Eighth  avenue,  Aug.  31, 
1844  ;  learned  printing  in  Dunkirk,  N.  Y., 
beginning  in  185  8  ;  admitted  to  Provi- 
dence LTnion  by  card  June  11,  1870;  "in 
1874  'Little  Joe'  Oakiey,  John  Tiger,  Her- 
man I.  Wolfers  and  myself  worked  on 
the  Journal,  having  walked  from  Worces- 
ter, Mass.;"  treasurer  of  Bradford  (Pa.) 
Union  in  1904. 

STEPHEN  J.  BUCKLEY — Born  New- 
port, R.  I.,  Dec.  26,  1870;  learned  print- 
ing in  office  of  Pawtuxet  Valley  Gleaner 
at  Phenix  ;  admitted  to  Providence  LTnion 
Feb.  26,  1893;  employed  in  office  of  New- 
port Herald  in   1904. 

MARTIN  S.  BUDLONG  — Died  Provi- 
dence Sept.  22,  1900,  aged  71  years.  He 
learned  printing  in  the  office  of  the 
Republican  Herald ;  was  one  of  the 
founders  of  Providence  Typographical 
Union  in  1857  ;  member  of  the  job  print- 
ing firm  of  Pierce  &  Budlong  (Franklin 
office)  ;  worked  on  the  Journal  and  Tele- 
gram, holding  the  "ad"  situation  on  the 
latter  paper  for  several  years  ;  as  a  vol- 
unte?r  hreman  Mr.  Budlong  was  captain 
o'  the  Sevens  and  in  the  paid  department 
he  was  captain  of  a  steamer  ;  he  was  also 
a  member  of  the  LTnited  Train  of  Artil- 
lery. 

CHARLES  B.  BURCHFIELD  —  Born 
Meadville.  Pa.,  in  1842,  and  died  in  Taun- 
ton,   Mass.,    in    1876;    he    began    to    learn 


printing  at  a  very  early  age,  and  in  1858 
went  to  California  to  join  two  older 
brothers ;  he  worked  two  years  in  the 
office  of  th3  Grass  Valley  Gazette  and 
then  crossed  the  mountains  into  northern 
Nevada ;  the  writer  first  met  Burchfleld 
in  a  mining  camp  in  that  State  in  1862  ; 
he  was  foreman  of  a  daily  paper ;  we 
were  shopmates  and  became  fast  friends, 
and  were  scarcely  ever  separated  there- 
after until  his  death;  in  1869  Mr.  Burch- 
fleld came  East,  first  visiting  his  parents 
in  Pennsylvania,  and  then  to  Providence  ; 
he  worked  on  the  Journal,  was  foreman 
of  tlie  Directory  in  the  office  of  A.  Craw- 
ford Greene,  foreman  of  the  Morning 
Star,  worked  for  a  while  on  the  Woon- 
socket  Patriot  and  was  foreman  of  the 
Taunton  Gazette,  holding  the  latter  posi- 
tion at  time  of  death ;  he  was  initiated 
into  Providence  Union  Dec.  11,  1869,  and 
was  its  President  in  1872. — F.  E.  Kelly. 

JOHN  BURGER  —  Born  Wurtemberg, 
Germany,  May  15,  1862  ;  learned  machin- 
ist trade  in  Basel,  Switzerland,  beginning 
in  1877  ;  began  to  work  for  Mergenthaler 
Co.  under  Ottmar  Mergenthaler  in  Balti- 
more, Md.,  in  1886;  helped  build  the  first 
linotype  machine  that  was  put  on  the 
market;  came  to  Providence  in  1890  to 
cai-e  for  the  linotypes  in  the  Journal 
composing  room,  and  was  the  principal 
factor  in  their  successful  operation  ;  has 
remained  in  the  position  since ;  initiated 
into  Providence  Union  in  1903  ;  visited  his 
native  country  in  1907. 

JOSEPH  R.  PURGES  —  Died  Provi- 
dence Feb.  14,  1883,  aged  67  years;  he 
had  been  a  member  of  the  printing  firm 
of  Paine  &  Surges. 

MICHAEL  F.  BURKE— Born  Holdem, 
England,  Feb.  14,  1879  ;  learned  printing 
in  the  office  of  the  Providence  Telegram, 
beginning  in  1896  ;  located  in  Fall  River 
on  the  Herald  in  1904. 

WILLIAM  BURKE  —  Died  Providence 
Nov.  25,  1888;  he  was  initiated  into 
Providence  Union  Jan.   29,   1888. 

CHARLES  T.  BURLINGHAM  —  Born 
Harris,  R.  I.,  Sept.  23,  1868;  learned 
printing  in  the  office  of  the  Pawtuxet 
Valley  Gleaner,  beginning  in  1885  ;  initi- 
ated into  Providence  Union  Jan.  31,  1892  ; 
worked  at  Snow  &  Farnham's  and  on  the 
News ;  participated  in  the  effort  for  the 
eight-hour  day  in  1906  ;  now  proprietor 
of  a  job  printing  office  in  Phenix,  R.  I. 

HENRY  yv.  BURNS  —  Born  Taunton. 
Mass.,  April  2,  1865;  learned  printing  in 
office  of  Providence  Journal,  beginning  in 
1884,  and  worked  in  this  city  until  1889, 
when  he  went  to  Boston  ;  initiated  into 
No.  33  Oct.  29,  1889;  at  present  employed 
on  the  Boston  Globe. 

RICHARD  H.  BURNS — Born  Clinton. 
Mass.,  March  22,  1868;  learned  machinist 
trade    with    J.    B.    Parker    Machinery    Co., 


XIV 


PRINTERS  AND  PRINTING  IN  PROVIDENCE 


beginning  in  1887.  Mr.  Burns  is  one  of 
the  best  known  linotype  machinists  in 
the  business,  having  begun  to  care  for  tlie 
macliines  when  tliey  were  first  intro- 
duced ;  from  the  factory  he  first  went  to 
the  Bridgeport  Standard  and  stayed  there 
six  years ;  then  back  to  New  York  to 
the  Tribune  for  tliree  years  and  to  the 
New  York  Herald  until  he  came  to  Provi- 
dence in  1907  ;  he  joined  the  I.  A.  M.  in 
1892,  and  stayed  with  that  organization 
until  the  linotype  machinists  were  affili- 
ated with  the  International  Typographi- 
cal Union ;  he  served  on  the  executive 
board  of  No.  6,  on  ball  committees,  and 
was  elected  delegate  from  that  Union  to 
Colorado  Springs  I.  T.  U.  convention  in 
1906,  the  first  machinist  that  ever  repre- 
sented "Big  Six"  in  that  body ;  he  was 
admitted  by  card  to  Providence  Union  in 
1907  and  is  now  employed  on  the  Evening 
Tribune. 

HENRY  N.  BURRETT — Born  Lowell, 
Mass.,  Nov.  30,  1868;  began  to  learn 
printing  at  West  Union,  Iowa,  in  1883  ; 
came  to  Providence  Sept.  23,  1885,  and 
finished  trade  on  East  Providence  Record 
and  The  People  ;  initiated  into  Providence 
Union  July  25,  1886  ;  worked  on  Dispatch, 
Telegram,  Star  and  at  E.  A.  Johnson's ; 
since  June  3,  1888,  has  been  employed  on 
the  Journal  and  Bulletin,  where  he  learned 
to  operate  a  linotype. 

CHARLES  WHEELER  BURROUGHS 
—  (Son  of  Joseph  L. )  ;  born  in  Provi- 
dence Dec.  27,  1853  ;  learned  printing  on 
the  Providence  Journal,  beginning  in 
1867  ;  initiated  into  Providence  Union 
March  11,  1871  ;  up  to  that  time  was  the 
youngest  man  ever  admitted  to  No.  33  ; 
worked  in  Boston,  Springfield,  Worces- 
ter, West  Brookfield  and  other  places ; 
gave  up  printing  in  1886  ;  worked  as  a 
stationary  engineer  seven  years,  then  be- 
came a  farmer,  at  Bridgewater,  Mass., 
where  he  died  March  13,   1907. 

FRANK  E.  BURROUGHS —  (Son  of 
Joseph  L.)  ;  born  May  23,  1847,  in  Mid- 
dleboro,  Mass  ;  attended  school  in  the  old 
Arnold  street  grammar  school  in  Provi- 
dence until  1863,  when  he  began  to  learn 
printing  on  the  Journal  ;  initiated  into 
Providence  Union  April  9,  1870;  1868  to 
1870  had  ship  news  "sit"  on  the  Journal; 
1870-72  worked  on  Star  and  Press  and 
Herald;  May,  1872,  went  to  Woonsocket 
Patriot  for  a  couple  of  weeks  and  then 
went  to  the  Boston  Herald;  1873  went 
with  O.  Scott  Pond,  as  foreman,  Sam  K. 
Head  and  others,  to  Worcester  to  work 
on  the  Press,  a  new  paper  just  starting  ; 
remained  thare  six  weeks,  and  tlien  wont 
back  to  the  Boston  Herald,  remaining 
there  until  September,  1894  ;  stayed  on 
his  brother's  farm  in  Bridgewater  mitil 
Feb.  5,  1895,  when  the  Brockton  Times 
was  started,  and  work;Mi  until  June,  1896, 
on  that  paper;  tried  farming  again  until 
August,  1897,  when  he  started  in  witli 
the  Talman  Job  Print  in  Brockton.  wIi.tc 
he  was  employed  in   1905. 


GEORGE  H.  BURROUGHS  —  Born 
Worcester,  Mass.,  Nov.  16,  1860;  learned 
printing  in  office  of  Windham  County 
(Conn.)  Transcript,  beginning  in  1879; 
worked  in  office  of  Providence  Press  Co. 
1886  ;  at  present  partner  Pawtucket 
(R.  I.)   Chroncle  Printing  Co. 

JOHN  A.  BURROUGHS— Born  Lynn. 
Mass.,  June  2,  1880;  learned  printing  in 
Boston,  beginning  189  8  ;  worked  in  Provi- 
dence 1906-07  ;  participated  in  the  effort 
for  the  eight-hour  day ;  now  located  in 
this  city. 

■  JOSEPH  L.  BURROUGHS— Born  New- 
port, R.  I..  Feb.  12,  1818;  died  Middle- 
boro,  Mass.,  July  23.  1889.  Oct.  6,  1831. 
he  left  Newport  for  New  Bedford  to  learn 


JOSEril     L.     BURUOIGHS. 

the  trade  of  printer.  He  entered  tlie 
office  of  the  New  Bedford  Gazette,  pub- 
lished by  his  brother,  Willia.m  L.  Bur- 
roughs, and  Jolin  Thornton,  under  the 
firm  name  of  Thornton  &  Burroughs.  In 
the  latter  part  of  1833  tlie  Gazette  was 
sold  to  the  Democratic  party,  and  J.  G. 
Harris  became  ostensible  proprietor,  and 
P.  W.  Leland  editor.  He  remained  witli 
his  brother  in  New  Bedford  until  March, 
1834.  to  settle  the  business  of  the  coni'ern. 
In  May,  1834.  they  left  New  Bedford  for 
Providence,  and  Joseph  began  work  for 
the  firm  of  Knowles  &  Burroughs,  in 
which  William  L.  liad  bought  an  Interest. 
This  lirm,  in  August,  1834,  became  tln> 
printers  of  tlie  Providence  Journal,  and 
in  July,  1838,  bought  the  paper.  In 
Miircli,  1842,  Joseph  L.  Burroughs  was 
foreman  of  the  Journal  and  retained  that 
position  until  1S67.  b'rom  that  time  until 
he  rc'inoved  from  I'l'ovidt'nee.  Aug.  19, 
IST.'I.  he  was  emjilojed  on  the  Bidletin. 
lie  then  took  up  farming  in  MIddleboin. 
Mass.,     and     spent     tli<'     I'emainder    of     his 


THE  JOURNEYMEN 


XV 


life  in  that  town.  It  is  said  of  Mr.  Bur- 
roughs tliat,  during  his  career  on  the 
Journal,  at  one  stretch  he  worked  11 
years  with  a  vacation  of  but  one  day.  and 
that  was  to  attend  a  funeral.  He  was 
one  of  the  swiftest  compositors  and  most 
expert  foremen  of  his  time.  Mr.  Bur- 
roughs was  wounded,  accidentally  during 
the  Dorr  War  excitement.  The  Journal 
of  July  2,  1842,  said:  "Joseph  L.  Bur- 
roughs of  this  office  was  wounded  Satur- 
day by  the  accidental  discharge  of  a 
pistol,  which  fell  from  a  member  of  one 
of  the  companies.  The  blow  discharged 
the  pistol  and  the  ball  entered  the  leg 
of  Mr.  Burroughs.  It  fell  out  a  few 
hours  afterwards." 

WILLIAM  L.  BURROUGHS  —  Died 
Brooklyn,  N.  Y.,  Jan.  6,  1858.  He  was 
born  in  Newport,  R.  I.,  and  was  a  brother 
of  Joseph  L.  Burroughs.  In  1830  he  was 
a  printer  in  Providence ;  the  next  year 
and  until  1833  he  was  publisher  of  the 
New  Bedford  Gazette  in  partnership  with 
John  Thornton.  Coming  to  Providence  in 
1834,  he  entered  into  partnership  with 
Joseph  Knowles.  Aug.  2  of  that  year 
they  became  printers  of  the  Journal,  and 
July  1,  1838.  they  bought  the  paper  from 
George  W.  Jackson.  While  interested  in 
the  Journal,  Mr.  Burroughs  was  also  a 
partner  in  a  book  and  job  office  at  113 
Fulton  street.  New  York  city,  afterwards 
sold  to  Wynkoop,  Hallenbeck  &  Thomas. 
In  this  office  was  set  the  New  York, 
Southern  and  Western  news  of  the  day 
and  shipped  to  Providence  by  the  Ston- 
ington  Line,  arriving  here  in  type  as 
soon  as  the  New  York  newspapers,  from 
which  all  such  news  had  been  clipped. 
The  Journal  forms  were  held  for  this 
matter,  and  the  paper  gained  24  hours 
thereby.  This  was  before  the  telegraph 
was  invented.  Feb.  1,  1839,  Mr.  Bur- 
roughs sold  his  interest  in  the  Journal  to 
John  W.  Vose.  About  the  year  1844  he 
made  two  whaling  voyages  from  New 
Bedford  in  the  brig  Acton,  for  the  benefit 
of  his  health.  He  went  the  first  voyage 
to  learn  and  the  second  to  command.  His 
death  was  sudden  and  unexpected. 

LEWIS  E.  BURTNETT — Born  Ohio 
March  19,  1858;  began  to  learn  printing 
in  1871  at  Sedalia,  Mo.  ;  was  admitted  to 
Providence  Union  Jan.  30,  1884,  by  card, 
and  again  in  July,  1887,  when  he  re- 
mained until  1889.  At  the  time  of  the 
strike  on  Charles  Corbett's  Dispatch  he 
went  to  Hartford.  Conn.  At  present  he 
is  editor  of  the  Labor  News  of  Greens- 
boro, N.  C. 

CLARENCE  E.  BURTWELL  —  Born 
Fall  River  (Tiverton),  then  a  part  of 
Rhode  Island,  July  27,  1851;  he  learned 
printing  in  the  office  of  the  Fall  River 
Daily  News  ;  came  to  Providence  in 
November.  1868.  and  secured  employment 
in  the  office  of  the  Providence  Press  Co., 
remaining  there  18  years,  until  Novem- 
ber,   1886,    when   he   went    to   the   Journal, 


where  he  was  employed  at  the  time  of 
his  death,  on  the  night  copy  desk.  Mr. 
Burtwell  was  working  on  the  Evening 
Press  Dec.  31,  1868,  when  fire  destroyed 
the  office,  and  he  was  one  of  the  men  who 
came  down  on  the  chain.  He  witnessed 
the  September  gale  of  1869,  when  the  tide 
rose  to  such  a  height  that  it  covered  ths 
streets  in  the  vicinity  of  the  Press  build- 
ing and  its  occupants  were  transferred 
from  it  to  the  Post  Office  in  boats.  Mr. 
Burtwell  was  initiated  into  Providence 
Typographical  Union  Jan.  9,  1869,  and 
was  treasurer  in  187  8,  when  it  disbanded. 
He  was  initiated  again  June  28,  1885.  In 
1904  he  wrote:  "There  are  very  few  con- 
nected with  the  Union  now  that  were 
members  in  1869.  The  success  of  an 
organization  depends  upon  the  conserva- 
tism of  its  officers  and  members.  Provi- 
dence Union  has  been  just  to  its  mem- 
bers and  to  the  master  printers,  with  the 
result  that  friction  has  been  avoided." 
Mr.  Burtwell  died  Dec.  10,  1904,  of  pneu- 
monia. 

WILLIAM  A.  BUSHMAN — Born  1876; 
learned  printing  in  office  of  J.  B.  Peters 
&  Son,  Burlington,  Vt.  ;  worked  in  Provi- 
dence for  Providence  Publishing  Co., 
J.  A.  &  R.  A.  Reid  and  Fox  &  Saunders  ; 
initiated  into  No.  33  Dec.  29,  1901  ;  now 
of   the   firm   of  Bushman   &   Co.,   printers. 

WILLIS  H.  BUSSEY — Born  Hope, 
R.  I.,  Jan.  12,  1854  ;  learned  printing  at 
Chronicle  office,  Pawtucket  ;  initiated  into 
Providence  Union  April  29,  1888;  worked 
at  Remington's  and  J.  C.  Hall's ;  with- 
drew from  No.  33  to  become  a  charter 
member  of  Pawtucket  Union,  No.  212  ; 
participated  in  the  effort  for  the  eight- 
hour  day  in  1906  in  Pawtucket;  now  sec- 
retary of  Pawtucket  Union. 

JOHN  W.  BUTLER  —  Born  Birming- 
ham, Eng..  1881  ;  participated  in  the  effort 
for  the  eight-hour  day  in  Providence  in 
1906;  now  employed  at  Franklin  Press  Co. 

GEORGE  V.  BUTTERFIELD  —  Died 
Boston  Dec.  21,  1900,  aged  about  65 
years.  He  was  admitted  to  Providence 
Union  May  21,  1864,  and  was  elected  sec- 
retary that  year  in  June  and  December. 
He  went  to  Boston  in  the  early  70's  and 
in  his  later  years  was  a  proofreader  on 
the  Boston  Globe  and  Herald. 

JAMES  BYRNES — Born  Bri.stol,  R.  I., 
March  28.  1883  ;  learned  printing  trade 
in  office  of  Bristol  Phoenix  ;  initiated  into 
Providence  Union  Sept.  28,  1903  ;  worked 
on  Tribune  and   Bulletin. 

Initiated    Into    Providence    Typographical 
Union  on  Dates  Named: 

FRED   BAINTON,   April   29,    1888. 
WILLIAM   S.    BAKER.    Sept.    8,    1866. 
JOHN  L.   BANNON,   March   29,    1896. 
CHARLES  BARDENS,   Jan.   9,    1864. 
EZRA   A.    BAXTER.    April    5,    1888. 
THOMAS  E.   BENNETT,  Feb.   26,   1893. 
C.  E.   BIDWELL,   Oct.   12,   1861. 


XVI 


PRINTERS  AND  PRINTING  IN  PROVIDENCE 


FRANK  BODWELL,   July  13,   1872. 
DOVER  H.   BOST,  Oct.   10,   1868. 
NORVAL  B.   BOWERS,  Aug.    8,   1868. 
SAMUEL  M.   BOWER.  April   15,   1883. 
GEORGE  F.   BRADLEY,  Jan.    15,    1870. 
ELMO  G.  BRADLEY  ;  withdrew  I.  T.  U. 
card  Dec.   8,   1906. 

GEORGE  F.  BRANNON,  Dec.   12.   1868. 
JOHN   D.    BRIDGES.    Dec.    11,    1869. 
GEORGE  N.  BROOKS,  July  30,   1899. 
GEORGE  W.  BROWN,  May  17,   1888. 
HENRY  BROWN,   March   30,    1889. 

B.  C.  BUFFUM,  Jan.  31,  1897;  also  by 
card  April  29,   1900. 

WILLIAM  F.  BURKE,  Dec.   30,   1888. 

Admitted   by   Card  on  Dates  Named: 

MICHAEL  BACHMAN,  Jan.   30,   1884. 

MAURICE   BAIN,   May,    1885. 

CHARLES   BAKER,   July   25,    1897. 

WILLIAM    BAKER.    Jan.    30,    189  8. 

LOUIS  BALLIN  ;  deposited  L  T.  U. 
card  April  19,  1907  ;  withdrew  same  April 
30.    1907. 

ALEXANDER  H.  BARKER,  June  26, 
1892 

WILLIAM  C.  BARRINGER,  July  13, 
1872. 

JOHN  A.    BARWOOD,    June    24,    1900. 

MORRIS  S.  BEANE,  November,   1888. 

F.  P.  BENNETT,  Boston  card,  May  11, 
1872. 

W.  D.  BENT,  JR.,  December,   1883. 

JOSEPH    F.    BEYER,    June,    1889. 

ARTHUR  C.   BIBRCE,   Feb.    27,    1884. 

E.  M.   BILLINGS,  Dec.   29,   1895. 

JOHN  BLACK,  April   12,   1871. 

WILLIAM  H.  BLACKHURST,  July, 
1888 

WILLIAM   BLAIR,    March,    1888. 

JOHN  BLANCH.   Feb.    28,    1897. 

W.    R.    BLEAKMORB,   April    22,    1883. 

C.  W.  BOBO  ;  worked  on  Evening  Trib- 
une in  June,  1906  ;  deposited  I.  T.  U.  card 
June  13. 

EUGENE  BOOTH  ;  from  Hartford  in  7  O's. 

E.  E.   BOWERS,   January,    1889. 
ROBERT  T.  BOYLE,  Oct.   8,   1870. 

F.  L.   BRADEN,  July,   1887. 
HORACE  B.   BRADLEY,  April   8,    1871. 
M.  J.  BRADY,  June  8,   1872. 
THOMAS  BRAZELL,   May,    1886. 

E.    B.   BRECK,  December,   1888. 

H.  C.  BREGGEMAN,   Feb.   14,   1874. 

E.  J.  BRENNAN,  June,  1886  ;  May, 
1888. 

JOHN  F.    BRENNAN,   D?c.    12,    1868. 

THOMAS  BRETT,  June  9,   1873. 

10.  BRIMMER,  from  Harrisburg,  I'a., 
JuiK'    13,    1868. 

FRED  E.  BROWN,  April  22,  1883 
(dead). 

J.   P.   BROWN,   Sept.   27,   1891. 

WILLIAM    BROWN,    Dec.    12,    187  4. 

JOSBIMI    A.    BRYAN,    April    30,    1884. 

W.   P.   BRYAN,   July   28,   1901. 

WILLIAM  J.  BRYANT,  Septemb.r, 
1888. 

JOHN  C.   BURKE,   Nov.   27.   1892. 

S.   H.    BURKETT,   Doc.    14,    1872. 

J.  J.   BURNS,   Oct.   12,   1874. 


JOHN  BUTLER,  from  New  York,  May 
13,  1871. 

Names  from  Providence  Directory: 

AUGl^STUS    N.    BERRY— 1859-61. 

MARTIN  V.  BLY—  1853  and  1854 
worked  at  29  Market  square;  1856  at  3 
Soutli  Main  .street. 

ALBERT  E.  BOWERS — 1850  worked  at 
15  Market  square;  1855  at  Journal  job 
office. 

STEPHEN  H.  BRANCH — 1830  ;  in  1832 
he  was  clerk  at  Post  Office  and  in  1838 
agent  Cloth  Hall  Co. 

WILLI.VM  A.  BROWN — 1828  worked 
at  9  Markt't  square. 

WILLIAM    E.    BROWN — 1850    to    1857. 

CHARLES  J.  BURR — 1850  worked  on 
Daily  Post. 

Printers  Known  to  Have  Worked  in  Provi- 
dence: 

MARY  E.  B.\RTON  (of  Warren,  R.  I.  )  : 
granted  honorable  withdrawal  card  April 
26,   1903. 

W.  D.  BASTABLE  ;  at  Journal  offlie 
in   1884-85. 

A.  C.  BENTLEY  ;  name  in  1870  consti- 
tution. 

H.    E.   BLANCHARD  ;   January.    1885. 

ALFRED  BOTTOMLEY;  worked  in 
this  city  fall  of   1906. 

JOSEPH  BOWDITCH;  in  New  York 
city  in  1906. 

DANIEL  BOWEN ;  began  his  appren- 
ticeship with  John   Cart?r,   April   14,    1774. 

FRANK  BOWMAN ;  worked  in  Provi- 
dence  in   1906. 

JOHN  BRADY;  at  Journal  office  1860- 
65  ;  reported  dead. 

SAMUEL  W.  BURBANK — Died  Provi- 
dence S?pt.   24.  in  his  33d  year. 

CHARLES  BURRILL  (colored)  ;  at  A. 
Crawford  Greene's   in   1862   and   later. 

H.  D.  BURRILL:  at  Journal  Otlice  in 
1873  ;   belonged  in  Grand   Rapids.    Mich. 

JOHN  H.  CADIGAN  —  Born  Spring- 
field, Mass.,  April  10.  1862  ;  learned  print- 
ing on  Springfield  Republican ;  came  to 
Providence  in  1880  to  witness  the  Hop 
Bitters  regatta  and  worked  on  the  Star 
and  the  Sunday  papers  in  that  year,  and 
off  and  on  in  this  cit.\'  since  ;  now  copy- 
holder on  Bulletin  :  admitted  by  card  to 
Providence  Union   Sept.    27,    1891. 

JOHN  CAIRNS  —  Born  Quebec  City. 
P.  Q.  ;  learned  printing  in  Toronto,  Can., 
on  the  Telegraph  and  Mail,  beginning  In 
1870;  ailmitted  to  Pro\iilence  Union  by 
lanl  April,  1SS6.  "I  travelled  a  great  deal 
and  have  worked  in  20  States  ;  am  leav- 
ing Toronto  (1904)  for  'Old  Virginia.' 
going  into  the  stock-raising  business ; 
quit  the  'road'  In  1891  ;  expect  to  spend 
the  rest  of  my  days  on  the  stock  farm 
with  a  good  withdrawal  card  of  I.  T.  U. 
hanging  framed  in  my  bed  room.  Ad- 
dress will  be  'Cismont  1'.  O.,  Albemarle 
Co.,    Va."  " 


THE  JOURNEYMEN 


XVII 


W.  O.  CALDWELL  —  Died  Worcester, 
Mass.,  April  11,  1904.  He  was  born  in 
that  city  in  1851,  and  learned  the  print- 
ing trade  there.  His  father  was  also  a 
printer.  Mr.  Caldwell's  card  was  depos- 
ited in  Providence  Union  Oct.  12,  1872, 
and  he  worked  in  the  office  of  the  Morn- 
ing Herald.  For  25  years  he  was  in  the 
employ  of  the  Worcester  Spy,  and  was 
foreman  of  the  composing  room  for  a 
large  portion  of  the  time.  He  was  em- 
ployed on  the  Worcester  Telegram  at  the 
time  of  his  death,  and  for  about  six  years 
before.  He  was  a  member  of  Worcester 
Typographical  Union. 

ARCHIE  CAMERON  —  Born  Almonte, 
Ont.,  April  8,  1858;  learned  printing  in 
Gazette  office  in  that  town,  beginning  in 
1872  ;  worlied  in  Providence  in  winter  of 
1885-86,  and  was  admitted  by  card  to  No. 
33  Dec.  27,  1885;  at  present  (1904)  em- 
ployed on  the  Jersey  City  Journal. 

FRANCIS  H.  CAMPBELL— Born  New 
York  city  Feb.  26,  1864  ;  began  learning 
to  care  for  linotype  machines  in  1891  at 
Mergenthaler  factory,  Brooklyn,  N.  Y.  ; 
worked  on  The  Wheel,  New  York  city ; 
Glen's  Falls  Times,  both  the  Troy  Times 
and  the  Record,  and  Meriden  (Conn.) 
Record ;  admitted  by  card  to  Providence 
Union  at  the  June  meeting,  1907  ;  worked 
on  Journal  summer  of  1907. 

JOHN  H.  CAMPBELL — Born  Phenix, 
R.  L,  May  27,  1849.  The  family  moved 
to  Providence  in  1856,  and  it  was  in  this 
city,  in  the  office  of  the  Evening  Press, 
that  he  learned  printing.  From  a  night 
"sit"  on  the  Star  he  went  to  the  fore- 
manship  of  the  North  Attleboro  Chroni- 
cle in  1876.  Later,  in  partnership  with 
Reuben  E.  Capron,  he  started  the  Paw- 
tuxet  Valley  Gleaner  in  his  native  town 
of  Phenix.  Shortly  after  he  became  its 
sole  owner  and  continued  in  that  con- 
nection until  his  death,  Feb.  11,  1904. 
Mr.  Campbell  was  a  representative  in  the 
General  Assembly  from  Warwick  for 
three  years,  1891-93.  He  was  initiated 
into  Providence  Union  Nov.  9,  1872,  and 
retained  his  membership  until  1877. 

JOHN  W.  CAMPBELL — Born  Alexan- 
dria, Va.,  Sept.  5,  1846  ;  learned  printing 
in  office  of  McGill  &  Witherous,  Wash- 
ington, D.  C,  beginning  in  1865  ;  worked 
in  Providence  in  1868-69  ;  at  present 
(1905)  at  Union  Printers' Home,  Colorado. 

JOSEPH  H.  CAMPBELL — Born  Natick. 
R.  I.,  June  18,  1873;  learned  printing  on 
the  Pawtucket  Times,  beginning  in  1888  ; 
worked  in  Providence  on  the  Telegram 
and  News  ;  initiated  into  Providence 
Union  May  17.  1888;  in  New  York  city  h.- 
worked  on  the  Sun  until  the  stiike  (Aug. 
5,  1899)  ;  now  employed  on  Evening 
Journal   of   that   city. 

WILLIAM  CAMPBELL— Born  Natick, 
R.  I.,  Dec.  18.  1S69:  learned  printing  at 
K.  L.  Freeman  &  Son's,  Central  Falls  ; 
initiated    into    Providence    L'nion    July    30. 


1893;  worked  in  Providence  from  1887  to 
1900,  and  the  two  latter  years  had  charge 
of  United  States  Government  Stamp 
Department  at  J.  C.  Hall's  ;  at  present 
employed  in  Pawtucket  police  depart- 
ment. 

PERCY  J.  CANTWELL — Born  Souris. 
P.  E.  I.,  June  21,  1879;  learned  printing 
at  Charlottetown,  P.  E.  I.,  be-ginning  m 
1893  ;  became  a  member  of  Providence 
Union  June  30,  1901,  by  card  ;  came  out 
of  the  What  Cheer  office  in  the  effort  for 
eight  hours  in  1906,  and  for  some  time 
was  chairman  of  the  strikers  ;  President 
No.  33  in  1907  ;  at  present  on  Evening 
Bulletin. 

WILLIAM  P.  CANTWELL — Born  Bos- 
ton, Mass.,  Nov.  16,  1875  ;  learned  print- 
ing in  Charlottetown.  P.  E.  I.,  beginning 
April,  1890  ;  admitted  to  Providence 
Union  by  card  at  Au,gust  meeting.  1906  ; 
linotype  operator  on  Journal. 

FRANK  J.  CAPRON — Born  Providence 
Dec.  15.  1868  ;  learned  printing  at  Journal 
office,  beginning  in  1887  ;  admitted  to 
Providence  Union  Sept.  29,  1889,  as  an 
apprentice ;  worked  in  this  city  until 
June,  1898,  and  later  on  the  Boston  Her- 
ald, Pawtucket  Times  and  Worcester 
Telegram  ;  returned  to  Evening  Bulletin 
in  1906. 

WILLIAM  H.  CAPRON — Born  Provi- 
dence Nov.  25,  1849  ;  learned  printing  on 
Evening  Press,  beginning  in  1869  ;  initi- 
ated into  Providence  Union  Dec.  14.  1872. 
and  admitted  by  card  May  31,  1883,  re- 
maining in  this  city  until  1890  ;  now  in 
New   York  city. 

ALFRED  H.  CAREY  —  Born  1854; 
learned  printing  in  Providence ;  initiated 
into  Providence  Union  Dec.   30,   1900. 

JAMES  CAREY  —  Worked  in  the 
Gazette  office  in  Providence  in  1826,  and 
from  1832  to  1841  his  name  appears  in 
the  Directory  as  working  at  15  Market 
square.  In  184  8  a  James  Carey  was 
prominent  in  the  formation  of  the  Boston 
Union.  His  portrait  is  in  the  Boston 
Souvenir,  issued  in  1898.  He  is  buried  in 
Mt.  Hope  Cemetery,  in  the  printers' 
burial   lot. 

FRANCIS  Y.  CARLISLE  —  In  1825 
bought  from  William  G.  Goddard  the 
American,  and  in  partnership  with  H.  H. 
Brown  consolidated  it  with  the  Gazette. 
Otlier  papers  were  absorbed  anil  changes 
made  in  the  partnership  until  in  1829  the 
first  daily  newspaper  printed  in  Provi- 
dence was  issued  by  the  firm.  In  the 
latter  part  of  1829  Carlisle  sold  his  inter- 
est to  Daniel  Mowry,  3d,  and  went  into 
till'  brokerage  business.  The  following 
reminiscence  is  interesting  in  connection 
witli  his  sulisequent  career:  Jolin  L. 
Clark  was  ei>gaged  in  a  brokerage  busi- 
ness in  the  city  of  Providence,  selling 
lottery  tickets.  He  became  involved  in 
tlie  affairs  of  the  Burrillville  Bank.  The 
l)ank     wa.*!     incorporated     in     1818.        Mr. 


XVIII 


PRINTERS  AND  PRINTING  IN  PROVIDENCE 


Clark's  connection  with  it  began  in  Sep- 
tember, 1S31,  when  he  was  made  Presi- 
dent. Its  circulation  was  then  $2000. 
Seven  months  later,  irf  April.  18.32,  its 
circulation  had  increased  to  $.')6,000,  and 
it  then  failed.  In  March,  a  month  before 
the  failure,  Clark  removed  all  the  books 
to  Providence  and  cut  from  them  all 
leaves  bearing  entries  of  bills  delivered 
to  himself,  but  these  leaves  were  after- 
ward recovered.  Clark  ran  away,  but 
was  arrested  in  New  York  in  May,  1832, 
and  brought  back.  He  was  tried  in 
March.  1834.  and  sentenced  to  pay  a  fine 
of  $.5000  and  to  stand  committed  until  the 
fine  was  paid.  The  General  Assembly  at 
the  January  session  (1835)  remitted  the 
fine  and  he  was  released  upon  his  making 
an  assignment  of  his  property  to  com- 
missioners who  had  been  elected  by  ths 
General  Assembly  to  clope  the  affairs  of 
the  Burrillville  Bank.  It  took  12  years  to 
finish  its  labors,  but  cost  only  $500.  to  be 
divided  between  three.  The  principal 
assets  of  the  bank  consisted  of  notes  and 
indorsements  of  Francis  Y.  Carlisle,  who 
was  a  clerk  in  the  offlce  Ol  Mr.  Clark. 
Long  litigation  followed  with  Carlisle, 
which  resulted  in  the  commissioners'  ob- 
taining judgment  against  him  for  an 
amount  over  $100,000.  A  compromise  was 
finally  made  with  him,  he  giving  bonds  to 
redeem  the  circulation  and  pay  the  other 
debts  against  the  bank,  with  the  excep- 
tion of  such  debts  as  miglit  be  due  Clark, 
he  being  the  only  real  stockholder.  Clark 
committed  suiciie  July  26,  1836.  He  was 
then  31  years  old.  Carlisle  continued  for 
two  or  three  years,  endeavoring  to  grasp 
the  business  which  Clark  had  left,  and  in 
the  meantime  purchasing  the  bills  of  the 
Burrillville  Bank,  which  he  was  bound  to 
redeem.  He  finally  left  Providence  and 
travelled  through  the  South  and  West, 
v^-riting   occasional   letters   to   the   Journal. 

ROBERT  W.  CARLISLE— Born  Ban- 
gor, Me.,  Feb.  4,  1853  ;  learned  printing  in 
ofllce  of  Whig  and  Courier  of  that  city, 
beginning  in  1869;  first  came  to  Provi- 
dence in  1873:  chirter  memV)er  at  the 
reorganization  in  1883;  held  cases  on  the 
Journal  and  Star  and  for  a  time  was  a 
"sub"  on  the  Telegram  ;  was  employed  at 
the  Norwood  Press  (Norwood,  Mass.)  in 
]!I04. 

(;YRIL  a.  carpenter — Died  Sept. 
3,  1865,  aged  52  years;  from  tlie  Direc- 
tory of  1832  it  is  lenrned  that  he  wa."!  a 
printer,  working  at  12  Market  s(iuare  ;  in 
1835  he  publislied  for  a  short  time  the 
Weekly  Visitor;  in  1841  ship  news  collec- 
tor for  tlie  Journal;  in  1854-55  marine 
reporter  for  M(jrning  Post  ;  became  a 
bookkeeper   in    1856. 

GEORGE  MOITLTON  CAUIMONTER — 
Born  Portsmoutli,  R.  I.,  April  22.  1811; 
filed  suddenly  from  apoplexy  at  KatwiJU 
aan  ;^ee,  in  Holland.  July  31,  1840.  lie 
was  educated  in  the  luiblic  schools  of 
New  Bedford  and  Providence,  graduated 
from  Brown  Univrisit\-  in  I  SO  I  .and  ad- 
niitti'cl     t<i     the     h.ii-     .,r     Ulio.li>     Isl.aiid     in 


1867.  He  was  elected  Associate  Justice 
of  the  Supreme  Court  of  the  State  in 
1882,  and  Jan.  1.  1885.  was  appointed  by 
President  Arthur.  Judge  of  the  United 
States  District  Court  for  the  District  of 
Rhode  Island,  which  last  position  he 
occupied  at  the  time  of  his  death.  In 
November,  1885,  Judge  Carpenter  was 
the  fifth  member  of  the  Board  of  Arbi- 
tration which  settled  a  question  in  dis- 
pute between  organized  labor  and  tha 
Providence  Journal.  He  had  been  selected 
by  the  four  other  members,  A.  D.  Chace 
and  Lucian  Sharpe  for  the  Journal  and 
John  P.  Horan  and  James  A.  McKay  for 
organized  labor.  At  the  December  meet- 
ing (1885)  of  Providence  Typographical 
Union  Judge  Carpenter  was  elected  to 
honorary  membership  and  later  accepted 
the  honor  in  a  letter  to  the  Union.  An 
extended  obituary  of  Judge  Carpenter  is 
to-  be  found  in  Vol.  V.,  1897,  "Publica- 
tions R.  I.   Hist  Society,"  p.  62. 

EDWARD  CARR— Died  Newport  Aug. 
25,  1837,  ag?d  38  years;  served  his  ap- 
prenticeship in  the  office  of  the  Rhode 
Island  Republican,  beginning  in  1812. 
The  paper  was  then  published  by  Col. 
William  Simons,  at  Newport.  When  Mr. 
Simons  came  to  Providence  Mr.  Carr 
came  with  him  and  worked  on  the 
Patriot  and  Republican-Herald,  living  in 
his  employer's  family  all  the  time,  as  was 
the  custom  in  those  days. 

STEPHEN  CARR  —  Died  Pawtuxet, 
R.  I.,  Saturday,  March  31,  1832.  aged  20 
years.  He  served  an  apprenticesliip  in 
the  printing  oflice  of  the  Providence 
Patriot. 

WILLIAM  E.  CARR  —  Born  Taunton. 
Mass.,  in  1880;  learned  printing  in  tliat 
city  ;  admitted  to  Providence  Union  Viy 
card  Dec.  21,  1902  ;  linotype  operator  on 
Tribune. 

CHARLES  CARROLL — Born  Provi- 
dence June  8,  1876;  learned  printing  in 
Journal  oflice  ;  joined  Pro\idence  Union 
in  April,  1903  ;  educated  in  Providence 
public  schools ;  at  Brown  LTniversity, 
whence  he  was  graduated.  A.  B.,  in  1898, 
second  in  class  of  120  ;  and  at  Harvard 
Law  School,  whence  he  was  graduated, 
LL.  B..  in  1901  ;  editor  of  Brown  Daily 
Herald,  1897-98;  member  of  Rhode  Island 
Alpha  of  Phi  Beta  Kappa  ;  financial  sec- 
retary of  Union  during  eight-hour  effort 
in  1906-07;  delegate  to  L  T.  LT.  conven- 
tion. Hot  Springs,  1907  ;  admitted  to 
Rhode  Island  bar  1901. 

HUGH  F.  CARROLL —  Born  Provi- 
dence in  1871;  learned  printing  in  J.  A. 
&  R.  A.  Reid's,  beginning  Nov.  1,  1887; 
initiated  into  No.  33  March  27,  1892  ; 
was  foreman  of  Remington  Printing  Co. 
at  time  of  .'ffort  for  eight  liours  in  1906. 
.ind  soon  joined  Uw  ranks  of  the  journey- 
nii^n  :  in  1'1()7  established  the  Providence 
Printing  Co.,  of  wliich  he  is  manager. 
This  firm  secured  tlie  contract  for  print- 
ing the  l'''iftieth  Anniversary  Souvenir  of 
rro\  iili'uc;'   T.N'pographical    Uniiin. 


THE  JOURNEYMEN 


XIX 


JOHN  A.  CARROLL — Died  Pawtucket 
Jan.  11,  1900,  aged  43  years.  He  was 
initiated  into  Providence  Union  Sept.  26, 
1897.  He  was  brother  to  Hon.  Hugh  J. 
Carroll  of  Pawtucket. 

JOHN  P.  CARROLL — Born  Providence 
March  16.  1880.  He  began  to  learn  print- 
ing in  1898,  in  tli2  Journal  office,  where 
he  is  now  night  foreman  ;  initiated  into 
Providence  Union  June,  1903.  He  is  a 
graduate  of  Providence  liigh  school  and 
entered  Brown  University  with  the  class 
of  1903,   but  did  not  graduate. 

ROBERT  F.  CARROLL — Born  Provi- 
dence in  1884  ;  learned  printing  at  E.  A. 
Johnson  Co.,  beginning  in  1905  ;  admit- 
ted to  Providence  Union  Nov.  26,  190.5  ; 
participated  in  the  effort  for  the  eight- 
hour  day  in  1906  ;  now  bank  man  on 
Evening  Bulletin. 

WILLIAM  CARROLL  —  Born  Jewett 
City,  Conn.,  April  27,  1853;  began  to 
learn  printing  in  the  office  of  the  Press 
in  New  London,  Conn.,  in  1868,  and 
afterward  worked  in  Meriden  on  the  Re- 
publican as  a  two-thirder  until  1869, 
when  he  worked  in  Norwich,  Conn.,  join- 
ing the  Union  in  that  city  in  January, 
1870.  From  Norwich  he  went  to  Willi- 
mantic.  Conn.,  working  there  on  th?  Jour- 
nal, and  later  to  New  York  city,  where 
he  worked  on  the  first  issue  of  John  Rus- 
sell Young's  Standard,  the  Now  York 
Herald  and  Times,  and  in  George 
Laf aye's  office.  In  the  summer  of  1871 
he  made  a  trip  West,  stopping  to  work  in 
the  cities  of  Pittsburg,  Pa.,  Columbus,  O., 
Lafayette,  Ind.,  Chicago,  111.,  Milwaukee, 
Wis.,  Gi-and  Rapids  and  Detroit,  Mich. 
He  came  to  Providence  Sept.  28,  1872. 
His  card  was  deposited  Dec.  14,  1872.  He 
worked  first  on  the  Morning  Herald,  and 
later  on  ths  Journal,  Press  and  Star  and 
Sunday  Dispatch.  He  was  foreman  of 
the  Star,  and  also  its  city  editor,  in  1886. 
Jan.  1,  1887,  he  began  working  on  the 
Journal,  getting  a  frame  in  1889,  and  in 
the  same  year  learned  the  linotype 
machine.  He  was  promoted  to  the  fore- 
manship  of  the  Sunday  Journal  in  Feb- 
ruary, 1890,  and  shortly  after  became 
foreman  of  the  entire  composing  room. 
He  was  recording  secretary  of  the  LTnion 
in  1876  ;  delegate  to  the  International  in 
1885,  where  he  introduced  and  engineered 
the  passage  of  th?  Strike  Fund  Law  ; 
President  of  No.  33  in  1892.  He  has 
taken  an  active  interest  in  politics,  and 
was  chairman  of  the  Democratic  city 
committee  in  1891-92.  In  the  former  year 
the  party  elected  its  candidate  for  Mayor, 
the  first  time  in  38  years.  He  introduced 
and  had  passed  by  the  committee  during 
his  chairmanship  rules  for  the  reform 
and  government  of  the  Democratic  cau- 
cus?s  that  have  since  been  adopted  in 
principle  by  the  Legislature  of  the  State 
for  the  regulation  of  political  caucuses  in 
Providence.  At  the  December  (1903) 
meeting  of  No.  33  he  introduced  the  reso- 
lution providing  for  the  appointment  of  a 
committee   to   prepare   for   the    observance 


of  the  50th  anniversary  of  the  institution 
of  Providence  Union,  and  was  elected 
chairman  of  that  committee. 

DAVID  E.  CARTER  —  Born  South 
Attleboro,  Mass.,  Aug.  30,  1880;  learned 
trade  at  E.  L.  Freeman  &  Son's,  Central 
Falls,  beginning  August,  1894  ;  worked  on 
Evening  Bulletin  ;  now  employed  on  Bos- 
ton Transcript. 

EDWARD  A.  CARTER — Born  Boston, 
Mass.,  March  10,  1845.  Ths  family  re- 
moved to  Illinois  in  1855.  Young  Edward 
entered  the  office  of  the  LTrbana  Union 
in  1858,  where  he  worked  until  Decem- 
ber, 1861,  part  of  which  time  was  put  in 
on  the  Urbana  Clarion,,  the  Illinois 
Zephyr  and  a  paper  called  Our  Constitu- 
tion. He  went  into  the  Army  in  Janu- 
ary, 1862,  joining  the  26th  Illinois  Intan- 
try  as  drummer,  and  the  regiment  went 
into  every  Southern  State  e.vcept  Texas 
and  Florida.  "Ned"  saw  service  at  Island 
No.  10,  Corinth,  Miss.,  Vicksburg.  Chatta- 
nooga, Atlanta,  "Sherman's  march  to  the 
sea,"  Savannah,  the  Carolinas,  tlie  grand 
review  in  Washington  at  the  close  of  the 
war,  and  was  mustered  out  in  July,  1865. 
Then  he  again  took  up  the  "stick  and 
rule,"  this  time  in  Boston.  He  came  to 
Providence  in  1868,  was  admitted  to  No. 
33  June  13  of  that  year,  and  worked  on 
the  Evening  Press  and  the  Journal. 
When  the  Morning  Star  was  started,  Dec. 
6,  1869,  he  became  its  first  foreman.  He 
was  afterward  foreman  of  the  Providence 
Herald  and  Worcester  Press,  but  did  his 
last  "typesetting"  on  the  Boston  Herald. 
He  went  into  the  wholesale  milk  business 
in  this  city  in  1877  and  into  the  ice  busi- 
ness in  1890.  He  is  now  senior  member 
of  the  Hughesdale  Ice  Company  (Carter 
&  Hohler),  located  at  12  Merino  street. 

GEORGE  CARTER  —  Born  England 
May  23,  1844  ;  came  to  America  in  July. 
1857  ;  learned  printing  in  Port  Hope, 
Can.  ;  served  in  the  Army  during  the 
Civil  War ;  after  the  war  went  to  Erie. 
Pa.,  where  he  joined  the  Typographical 
LTnion  and  worked  on  the  Dispatch ;  ad- 
mitted to  Providence  Unicfti  by  card  Aug. 
10,  1867  ;  worked  on  the  Evening  Press 
until  February,  1870,  when  he  went  to 
New  York  city,  where  he  has  remained 
since  ;  now  on  the  Times. 

JOHN  CARTER  (a) — Died  Providence 
Aug.  19,  1814,  aged  69  years.  He  was  a 
native  of  Philadelphia,  where  he  served 
an  apprenticeship  to  the  printing  trade 
in  Dr.  Benjamin  Franklin's  office.  He 
came  to  Providence  in  1767  to  work  as 
a  journeyman  in  the  Gazette  office,  then 
owned  by  Mrs.  Sarah  Goddard.  and  on 
Sept.  19  of  that  year  he  became  a  part- 
ner in  the  business.  Nov.  12,  1768,  he 
became  sole  owner,  and  continued  as 
SLich  until  Nov.  2,  1798,  when  William 
Wilkinson  was  associated  with  him,  and 
the  business  was  extended  to  include 
bookselling,  etc.  Tlie  partnership  e.Kpireil 
Mav  9,  1899.  Mr.  Carter  resuming  com- 
plete   control    of    the    printing   department 


XX 


PRINTERS  AND  PRINTING  IN  PROVIDENCE 


and  Mr.  Wilkinson  the  bookselling  busi- 
ness. From  this  date  until  he  finally 
retired  from  business,  in  February.  1814, 
Mr.  Carter  was  editor  and  proprietor  of 
the  Gazette  and  owner  of  the  printing 
business  connected  with  it.  He  was 
Postmaster  for  the  town  from  July  4, 
1772,  until  June  16,  1792.  His  connection 
with  the  Gazette  lasted  for  more  than 
46  years,  and  during  that  time  the  "paper 
was  remarkable  for  accuracy  of  execu- 
tion and  correctness  of  sentiment  and 
principle."  He  was  buried  in  St.  John's 
churcliyard.  North  Main  street,  where 
later  a  monument  was  erected  to  his 
memory  by  his  daugliters.  One  son  (John) 
was  a  printer. 

WILLIAM  MAGEE  CARTER  —  Born 
about  1850;  learned  printing  in  office  of 
Paterson  (N.  J.)  Daily  Guardian:  came 
to  Providence  in  1872  and  wliile  here  was 
identified  witli  the  firms  of  Chapman  & 
Carter  and  R.  I.  Printing  Co.  Died  some 
years  ago. 

GEORGE  F.  CART  WRIGHT — Partici- 
pated in  eight-liour  effort  in  1!>06  ;  where- 
abouts unknown. 

JOHN  P.  CASE  —  Born  Kingston, 
R.  I.,  Jan.  5,  1831  ;  learned  printing  in 
Providence,  beginning  in  1846;  worked  in 
this  city  on  the  Transcript  when  it  was 
publislied  by  Greene  &  Shaw  ;  George  W. 
Danielson  was  foreman  of  the  paper ;  at 
present  (1905^  in  the  undertaking  busi- 
ness  at    Wakefield.    R.    I. 

WILLET  F.  CASEY  —  Born  Napanee, 
Ont.,  Jan.  4,  1859;  learned  printing  in 
Toronto,  Ont.,  beginning  in  1875  ;  initi- 
ated into  Providence  Union  Nov.  30,  1865  ; 
worked  on  the  Journal  a  few  montlis  and 
was  afterward  foreman  of  the  Sunday 
Dispatch  wlien  published  by  Remington  & 
Corbett  ;  employed  on  the  Boston  Globe 
(1907). 

PATRICK  A.  CASHMAN— Born  Provi- 
dence June  12,  1878;  learned  printing  in 
office  of  Telegram  ;  was  obligated  in  the 
Union  Sept.  29.  1901  ;  at  present  located 
on    the    E\ening   Ti-ibune. 

THOMAS  J.  CASHMAN — Born  Provi- 
ilence  in  1886;  began  to  learn  printing  in 
1903  at  Remington's;  participated  in  the 
effort  for  the  eight-hour  day  in  1906.  Now 
employed  in   Providence. 

JAMKS  I<\  CAVBNY— I^oni  Ri\  .ri.oliit. 
R.  I.,  Aug.  12.  1874;  N-arncd  jninting  at 
What  Cheer  Printing  Co.,  beginning  in 
1889. 

WILLIAM  N.  CHADSEV — Born  Wor- 
i<-.«ti-r,  Mass.,  1854;  learned  printing  in 
Journal  jol)  office,  this  city;  was  one  ol 
the  original  paitiicis  in  the  piiiifing  lirni 
of  K.  A.  Johnson  &  Co.  :  member  of  tlu' 
firm  of  Chadsey  &  Claike  from  1881  to 
1893;  now  in  business  of  drain  laving  in 
this  city. 

•  JKORCK  I'.  CIIAPMAX  H.)ni  Oct.  19. 
IM.",    ;it     l-;iiili(l,    ().     (a     suburb    of    Cleve- 


land, O. )  His  story  follows:  "Jan.  2. 
1859,  commenced  my  apprenticesliip  on 
the  Ashtabula  Telegraph,  published  by 
James  Reed,  at  Ashtabula,  O.  The  first 
year  I  received  a  gold  dollar  for  my 
services  besides  my  board.  The  second 
year  I  got  a  little  spending  money  and 
some  wearing  apparel.  Before  the  e.xpira- 
tion  of  the  tliird  year  I  went  to  Cleveland, 
O.,  and  worked  in  the  Ben  Franklin  job 
office  for  a  time,  and  in  the  newspaper 
offices  of  the  Herald,  Leader  and  Plain- 
dealer.  On  the  Plaindealer  I  worked  at 
the  frame  once  held  by  Artemus  Ward. 
From  there  I  went  to  Norwalk,  O.,  and 
worked  for  a  year  or  more  on  the  Experi- 
ment, a  rank  Copperhead  sheet,  as  it  was 
then  considered.  About  every  week  the 
editor  w;xs  threatened  with  mob  violence. 
The  editor  and  proprietor,  W'.  W.  Red- 
field,  and  myself  were  the  only  force.  I 
lodged  in  a  little  room  adjoining  the 
office  and  was  furnished  with  a  battery 
of  two  navy  revolvers  and  an  old  flint- 
lock musket.  I  was  told  to  shoot  to  kill 
the  first  person  tliat  broke  in,  but  the 
threats  were  never  carried  out.  I  re- 
turned to  Cleveland  in  tlie  spring  of  1863 
and  soon  after  enlisted  in  tlie  150th  Ohio 
Volunteers,  served  for  100  days,  was  dis- 
cliarged  and  re-enlisted  in  the  17  7th  Ohio 
Regiment  and  served  until  the  close  of 
the  Civil  War.  Soon  after  my  second 
enlistment  I  was  on  detail  service  until 
the  end.  My  first  detail  was  Colonel's 
orderly.  From  there  I  served  on  the 
staffs  of  General  Milroy  and  General  Ros- 
seau  in  Tennessee,  and  later  on  the  staff 
of  General  Scliofield.  After  the  war  I 
went  to  work  on  tiie  Cleveland  Morning 
Leader  for  a  short  time ;  then  in  the 
Leader  job  room  ;  from  there  to  Evans, 
Powell  &  Co..  wliere  I  became  foreman. 
In  the  spring  of  1868  I  left  Cleveland  and 
came  East,  reaching  New  York  city  late 
in  the  summer.  There  I  went  to  work 
for  Thitchen'er  &  Glostaeter,  who  were 
then  turning  out  some  remarkable  pro- 
ductions of  typographical  art.  Here  I  met 
William  M.  Carter.  I  left  T.  and  G.  for  a 
position  with  the  New  York  Economical 
Printing  Co.,  194  Fulton  street,  one  of 
the  largest  printing  plants  at  that  time 
in  New  York.  I  was  with  the  Economi- 
cal until  the  spring  of  1872,  the  last  two 
years  as  foreman.  In  the  fall  of  187  2 
William  M.  Carter  and  myself  started  ,a 
small  printing  plant  at  60  Weybosset 
street.  Providence,  as  Cliapman  &  Carter, 
We  met  with  success  from  thi'  start.  In 
September,  1873,  the  R.  I.  Printing  Co. 
was  f(U"med,  composed  of  Chapman  & 
Carter,  Bugbee  <Xr  Hall  and  Charles  C 
(iray.  Out-  l)UsiMess  increased  evei'y  da\' 
from  the  start,  and  it  was  not  long  befor*- 
the  R.  I.  Printing  Co.  was  noted  through- 
ipiii  New  England  for  turning  out  remark- 
ably line  printing.  William  M.  Carter, 
.lennison  C.  Mall  and  John  E.  Bugbee 
liaxe  all  three  passed  over  the  divide. 
Mr.  C  C.  Gray,  now  sole  propi'ietor  of 
the  R.  I.  Pi-inting  Co..  aricl  myself  are 
all    that    is    left    of    the    old    firm.       I    St. Id 


THE  JOURNEYMEN 


XXI 


my  stock  in  the  concern  in  1881  to  Mr. 
Gray  and  embarked  in  another  business, 
but  not  with  success.  In  1884  I  again 
started  in  the  printing  business  at  27 
Pine  street  as  George  F.  Chapman  &  Co.  ; 
was  in  business  about  three  years,  and 
sold  out.  Since  then  have  been  at  work 
on  the  Evening  Telegram  and  Tribune 
until  April  of  this  year,  when  I  changed 
to  the  Evening  Bulletin."  Mr.  Chapman 
has  been  a  member  of  Cleveland  Union, 
No.  53,  Big  Six,  and  became  a  member 
of  Providence  Union  Feb.   24,   1901. 

HARVEY  CHAPPELL  —  Born  Troy, 
N.  Y.,  Oct.  21,  1862  ;  learned  printing  in 
office  of  Troy  Times,  beginning  in  1880; 
worked  in  Providence  a  few  days  in 
February,  1887  ;  at  present  a  resident  of 
Lynn,  Mass.,  and  employed  on  Boston 
American. 

FRANKLIN  A.  CHASE  —  Born  Fall 
River,  Mass.,  May  20,  1835  ;  learned  print- 
ing on  Fall  River  News  ;  came  to  Provi- 
dence in  the  early  50's  and  worked  on 
the  Morning  Mirror  and  later  on  the 
Tribune  ;  left  the  printing  business  about 
1860  and  went  into  the  counting  room  of 
the  Tribune.  In  1861  enlisted  in  the  4th 
R.  I.  Regiment  as  Second  Lieutenant  and 
rose  to  the  rank  of  Captain  (Co.  K)  ; 
was  severely  wounded  in  1864  while  the 
regiment  was  before  Petersburg ;  mus- 
tered out  Oct.  14,  1864.  Then  Mr.  Chase 
took  a  position  as  bookkeeper  with  Pot- 
ter, Anthony  &  Denison  ;  has  since  been 
in  the  banking  business  with  Brown  & 
Frieze  up  to  1872  ;  then  teller  in  Rhode 
Island  National  Bank  until  1886  ;  then 
made  cashier  and  continued  there  until 
bank  was  consolidated  with  others  in 
1901  ;  now  retired. 

FRANK  B.  CHASE — Born  Little  Comp- 
ton,  R.  I.,  in  1864  :  learned  printing  in 
office  of  R.  I.  Printing  Co.,  beginning  in 
1884,  where  he  is  at  present  employed. 

WILLIAM  E.  CHASE  —  Born  North- 
ampton, Vt.,  April  22,  1843;  learned  print- 
ing in  Elkhart,  Ind.  ;  worked  in  Provi- 
dence on  Journal  in  1880  ;  also  in  every 
State  in  the  Union  except  Maine  ;  last 
employed  in  Lowell,  Mass.  ;  now  touring 
the  country. 

WILLIAM  H.  CHENBRY —- Born  Ux- 
bridge,  Mass.,  Sept.  7,  1842  ;  began  to 
learn  printing  in  1856  in  the  Journal  job 
ofRce ;  December,  1861,  enlisted  in  Co. 
D,  5th  R.  I.  Infantry  ;  participated  in  the 
operations  of  the  Burnside  expedition  and 
was  promoted  to  the  rank  of  sergeant ; 
in  1863  he  was  commissioned  First  Lieu- 
tenant in  the  14th  R.  I.  Heavy  Artillery 
(colored)  and  served  with  that  regiment 
in  Louisiana  until  its  return  home  and 
disbandment  in  October,  1865.  Mr.  Chen- 
ery  resumed  work  at  his  trade  after  the 
war.  first  with  the  Providence  Press  Co.. 
and  from  1869  to  1874  as  member  of  the 
firm  of  Haminond.  Angell  &  Co.  In  the 
latter  year  he  became  foreman  of  J.  A. 
&   R.    A.    Reid's   book   room   and   remained 


there  13  years ;  afterward  he  was  em- 
ployed by  the  R.  I.  Printing  Co.,  and  at 
E.  L.  Freeman  &  Son's  until  1888,  when 
he  became  foreman  of  Snow  &  Farn- 
ham's  book  room,  where  he  is  at  present 
employed.  He  became  a  member  of  Provi- 
dence Union  May  12,  1866;  treasurer  in 
1867-68. 

FRANCIS  CHESHIRE — Participated  in 
eight-hour  effort  in   1906. 

HARRY  CHIPMAN — Participated  in 
effort  for  eight-hour  day  in  1906  ;  press- 
feeder. 

FRANK  CHRISTMAS — Participated  in 
effort  for  eight-hour  day  in   1906. 

AMBROSE  H.  CHOQUET — Born  Mon- 
treal, Can.,  Dec.  13,  1871;  learned  print- 
ing in  Plattsburg,  N.  Y.,  beginning  May 
1,  1886;  admitted  to  Providence  Union  by 
card  Nov.  27,  1892  ;  worked  in  this  city 
in  1890-92  and  1898-1901  on  the  Journal, 
Telegram,  News  and  Olneyville  Times ; 
also  worked  on  Pawtuxet  Valley  Gleaner 
and  in  New  York  city  and  in  Worcester, 
Mass.  ;  at  present  located  in  Pawtucket. 

JOSEPH  H.  CHOQUET  —  Born  Mon- 
treal, Can.,  Aug.  10,  1869;  learned  print- 
ing at  Plattsburg,  N.  Y.,  beginning  in 
1888;  worked  in  Montreal,  Albany,  Troy. 
Worcester,  New  York  city,  Pawtucket  and 
Providence,  where  he  learned  to  operate 
a  linotype  ;  admitted  to  Providence  Union 
Sept.  27,  1891  ;  now  employed  on  Provi- 
dence Journal. 

CHARLES  R.  CHRISTIE — Born  Truro. 
N.  S.  ;  learned  printing  in  the  office  of 
the  News  Publishing  Co.  of  that  town  ; 
initiated  into  Providence  Union  April  27. 
1902  ;  participated  in  the  effort  for  eight 
hours  in  1906  ;  at  present  employed  on 
the  Bulletin. 

GEORGE  CLARKE  —  Died  Newport. 
R.  I.  Nov.  15,  1895  ;  he  was  admitted  to 
Providence  Union  by  card  May  29,  1892. 
and  had  been  employed  on  the  Newjiort 
Herald. 

JAMES  CLARKE  —  Born  Dublin,  Ire- 
land. May  1,  1860;  learned  printing  in 
office  of  the  Dublin  Evening  Post,  begin- 
ning in  1874  ;  in  the  United  States  he  first 
worked  on  the  Woonsocket  Reporter  and 
later  on  the  Providence  Telegram  during 
the  first  year  of  its  existence;  in  1880 
he  went  to  New  Bedford,  where  he  now 
resides  ;  he  is  a  charter  member  of  New 
Bedford  Union,  No.  276. 

JOHN  W.  CLARKSON — Died  Roxtaury. 
Mass.,  March  6.  1901.  He  was  born  in 
Lowell.  Mass.  ;  learned  printing  in  Nashua. 
N.  H.  ;  admitted  to  Providence  Union  by 
card  April  22,  1883,  and  again  in  June, 
1888;  worked  on  the  Journal  and  Star: 
was  a  linotype  operator  on  the  Boston 
Herald  at  time  of  death.  Ten  bearers 
and  a  large  delegation  of  friends  .accom- 
panied the  remains  to  Nashua,  N.  H., 
where  he  was  buried. 


XXII 


PRINTERS  AND  PRINTING  IN  PROVIDENCE 


GEORGE  CLAYTON  —  Born  Hyde, 
Cheshire,  England,  Nov.  30,  1862;  learned 
printing  in  office  of  the  North  Chesliire 
Herald,  published  in  that  town,  begin- 
ning in  1875  ;  was  apprenticed  for  seven 
years,  but  in  July,  1880,  the  contract  was 
cancelled  on  payment  of  £50,  when  he 
came  to  Providence  and  has  worked  here 
since;  initiated  into  No.  33  March  20, 
1885  ;  at  present  is  employed  on  the 
Evening  Tribune  as  proofreader. 

JAMES  L.  CLERIHEW — Born  Aber- 
deen, Scotland,  April  19,  1880  ;  learned 
printing  on  the  Aberdeen  Journal,  begin- 
ning in  1895  ;  admitted  to  the  Typographi- 
cal Society  in  1899  and  worked  in  Aber- 
deen until  June,  1906,  when  he  came  to 
Providence  ;  admitted  to  Providence  Union 
July,  1906. 

ROBERT  J.  CLOWES  —  Born  Alice 
Town,  South  Africa,  Nov.  28,  1852  ;  began 
to  learn  printing  in  Phenix,  R.  I.,  in 
1869,  and  finished  his  apprenticeship  in 
Pawtucket  in  1873  ;  he  then  came  to 
Providence  and  was  initiated  into  No.  33 
Sept.  12,  1874,  and  again  (after  the  reor- 
ganization) June  28,  1885  ;  he  worked  on 
the  Journal,  Press  and  Star,  Telegram 
and  at  Snow  &  Farnham's ;  also  in 
Worcester  for  a  short  time  in  the  70's, 
and  at  present  is  employed  on  the  Eve- 
ning Record  in  Norwich,  Conn. 

CHARLES  W.  CLUGSTON — Born  187  6  ; 
learned  trade  in  prmting  offices  in  Liver- 
pool, England,  and  Glasgow,  Scotland ; 
initiated  into  Providence  Union  Feb.  2  8, 
1904. 

JOHN  COAN — Learned  printing  with 
A.  Crawford  Greene  in  Providence  ;  initi- 
ated into  No.  33  on  April  9,  1870;  worked 
in  Dayton,  O.  ;  located  in  Walla  Walla, 
Wash.,   in   1905. 

ELMER  B.  COBB— Initiated  into  Provi- 
dence Union  April  28,  1901  ;  learned 
printing  in  Attleboro,  Mass.,  beginning  in 
1894. 

BEDFORD  PYM  CODRINGTON— Born 
Kingston,  Jamaica,  W.  I.,  Jan.  14,  1869  ; 
learned  printing  in  De  Land,  Fla.  ;  initi- 
ated into  Providence  Union  Sept.  24, 
1889  ;   now  located  in  New  York  city. 

GEORGE  COGGESHALL  —  Probably 
born  Bristol,  R.  I.,  where  he  learned 
printing ;  initiated  into  Providence  Union 
Dec.  15,  1867;  admitted  by  card  again 
Aug.  27,  18&4,  when  he  worked  on  Jour- 
nal ;  supposed  to  be  located  in  Hartford, 
Conn. 

JAMES  H.  COGGESHALL — Born  Bris- 
tol, R.  I.  ;  learned  the  printing  trade  in 
that  town  ;  worked  in  Providence  from 
1871  to  1888  as  a  .lob  compositor;  at 
present  publisher  of  the  Standard  at 
Wickford,   R.   I. 

CHARLES  A.  COLE  —  Horn  Sterling. 
Neb.,  Nov.  8,  1S70,  wh.-re  lie  also  learned 
the    trade    of     printer  ;     worked    in    Provi- 


dence from  April,  1896,  in  the  office  of 
the  Evening  Telegram,  until  1906,  when 
he  returned  to  the  West  ;  is  now  located 
in  Seattls. 

JOHN  COLEMAN — Born  Boyle,  County 
Roscommon,  Ireland,  June,  1878  ;  learned 
the  printing  trade  on  the  Roscommon 
Herald,  beginning  work  in  1892  ;  came  to 
Rhode  Island  in  1903,  having  been  dis- 
placed in  Ireland  by  the  introduction  of 
linotype  machines  ;  here  he  worked  on 
the  Pawtuxet  Valley  Gleaner ;  he  was 
elected  a  member  of  No.  33  March  27, 
1904. 

RHODES  T.  W.  COLLINS — Died  Provi- 
dence March  28,  1882,  aged  38  years.  He 
was  a  native  of  Warwick,  R.  I.,  enlisted 
in  Co.  F,  4th  R.  I.  Vols.,  in  October,  1861  ; 
discharged  October,  1864  ;  initiated  into 
Providence  Union  Dec.  10,  1870,  and  on 
its  roll  in  1877  ;  he  was  also  a  member 
and  Adjutant  of  Prescott  Post,  G.  A.  R.. 
at  time  of  his  death;  40  members  of  the 
post  attended  his  funeral  ;  interment  was 
at  North   Burying  Ground. 

WILLIAM  COLWELL — Born  Lonsdale. 
R.  I.,  March  18,  187  8  ;  learned  printing 
on  Evening  Telegram,  Providence,  begin- 
ning Jan.  1,  1900;  away  from  trade  2  Ms 
years  studying  bleaching  and  dyeing ; 
now  employed  on  Evening  Tribune  ;  mem- 
ber of  Providence  Union. 

FREDERICK  CONEFY  —  Born  1872; 
learned  printing  in  office  of  Evening 
News  at  Taunton,  Mass.,  beginning  in 
1888;  worked  in  Providence  for  Alber- 
type  Co.  ;  applied  for  membership  in 
Taunton  Union  November,   1900. 

THOMAS  P.  CONNERY — Born  Bristol, 
R.  I.,  and  learned  printing  there,  begin- 
ning in  1890  ;  initiated  into  Providence 
Union  Sept.  30,  1894,  and  worked  in  this 
city  four  months ;  at  present  located  in 
Bristol. 

JOHN  F.  CONNORS — Died  in  Provi- 
dence Feb.  2,  1883,  in  his  28th  year; 
learned  printing  on  the  Morning  Herald, 
beginning  in  1872  ;  was  a  member  of 
Providence  Union  in  187  8  ;  worked  on 
Evening  Telegram  previous  to  his  last 
sickness. 

JOSEPH  CONNORS  —  Born  Halifax, 
N.  S.,  March  23,  1850;  learned  printing  in 
office  of  Providence  Journal,  beginning 
in  1870;  went  to  New  York  city  in  1872, 
where  he  joined  No.  6  ;  admitted  to 
Providence  Union  by  card  Oct.  12,  1874  ; 
has  been  a  continuous  member  of  No.  6 
.since  1883  and  is  No.  633. 

BENJAMIN  CONWAY — Born  Provi- 
dence Aug.  26,  1884  :  learned  printing  at 
Thorniison  &  Thompson's,  beginiung  1904  ; 
particir'ated  in  eight-liour  effort  in  April, 
1906  ;   now   located    in    I'rovldt'nce. 

PATRICK  J.  COOGAN — Admltteii  to 
I'lDVidence  ITnion  by  card  at  April  meet- 
ing,   1SS(>;    woi-ked    (in    Star   and    Journal; 


THE  JOURNEYMEN 


XXIII 


President  of  Syracuse  Union  In  1897-98, 
latter  convention  year  ;  foreman  Syracuse 
Post-Standard  in  1901  ;  I.  T.  U.  delegate 
from  Syracuse  in  1902  ;  now  located  at 
Anaconda,   Mont. 

ROBERT  B.  COOKE— Died  Charleston, 
S.  C,  June  5,  1822,  after  a  short  illness, 
in  the  25th  year  of  his  age.  The  Rhode 
Island  American  of  June  25,  1822,  said: 
"This  worthy  young  man  served  a  long 
apprenticeship  in  the  office  of  the  Provi- 
dence Patriot,  and  subsequently  worked 
as  a  journeyman  with  great  faithfulness 
and  industry.  He  had  embarked  in  other 
business  with  fair  prospects  and  had  the 
best  wishes  of  all  who  knew  his  virtues 
for  success.  His  early  removal  is  deeply 
regretted  and  will  long  be  mourned  by 
numerous  relatives  and  friends." 

WILLIAM  E.  COOK — Born  Boston, 
Mass.,  March  3,  1839  ;  learned  printing 
in  the  office  of  Rand  &  Avery  in  that 
city,  beginning  in  1857  ;  worked  in  Provi- 
dence at  A.  Crawford  Greene's  and  on 
the  Post,  Journal,  Press  and  Star  ;  initi- 
ated into  Providence  Typographical  Union 
Nov.  14,  1863;  vice  president  in  1877. 
Mr.  Cook  enlisted  in  the  2d  Mass.  H.  A. 
in  1862,  and  served  until  April  5,  1865  ; 
member  of  G.  A.  R.  Post  174  of  Green- 
field, Mass.,  where  he  now  (1904)  re- 
sides ;  has  been  afflicted  with  creeping 
paralysis  since   1893. 

GEORGE  EDWARD  COOLEY — Born 
Norwich  Falls,  Conn.,  Feb.  7,  1825.  He 
learned  the  printing  trade  in  Norwich, 
Conn.,  and  after  finishing  his  apprentice- 
ship his  mother  started  him  in  business. 
From  there  he  went  to  Newport,  where  he 
was  married  to  Cynthia  Anna  Chapman 
July  29,  1849.  Then  he  went  to  Woon- 
socket,  where  he  worked  on  the  Patriot ; 
thence  to  Providence  as  foreman  of  the 
Evening  Press.  Isaac  Bromley  induced 
Mr.  Cooley  to  go  to  Norwich  as  foreman 
of  the  Bulletin,  and  when  Mr.  Bromley 
went  to  Hartford  to  take  charge  of  the 
Evening  Post  Mr.  Cooley  went  with  him 
as  foreman.  In  the  70's  he  came  back  to 
Providence,  first  as  foreman  of  the  book 
department  of  the  Evening  Press  and 
later  as  foreman  of  the  naper.  When 
the  Press  suspended  Mr.  Cooley  worked 
on  the  Dispatch,  and  later,  in  partnership 
with  George  O.  Willard,  started  the  Paw- 
tucket  Evening  Times.  He  was  initiated 
into  Providence  Union  in  August,  1858  ; 
President  in  1859  and  treasurer  1862- 
63-64-65.  He  died  at  the  R.  I.  Hospital 
Nov.   15,   1893. 

HOWARD  A.  COREY  —  Born  Mill- 
town,  R.  I.,  July  3,  1887  ;  learned  print- 
ing on  the  Westerly  Sun  and  with  J.  J. 
Ryder  Co.,  this  city,  beginning  in  1902  ; 
worked  in  Providence  1903-06  ;  joined  the 
strikers  for  the  eight-hour  day  at  the 
expiration  of  apprenticeship  and  was  ad- 
mitted to  Providence  Union  in  March, 
1906  ;  now  located  in  Boston. 


A.  F.  CORRIGAN — Born  Lansingburg, 
N.  Y.,  May  30,  187  3  ;  began  learning 
printing  in  1887  at  E.  L.  Freeman  & 
Son's,  Central  Falls,  R.  I.  ;  left  Freeman's 
in  January,  1906,  in  effort  for  eight-hour 
day ;  admitted  to  Providence  Union  by 
card  November,  1906  ;  now  employed  on 
Tribune. 

JOHN  CORT — Born  March  9,  1836,  at 
Littleboro,  Lancashire,  England.  At  an 
early  age  he  entered  the  printing  busi- 
ness, being  apprenticed  for  seven  years. 
He  came  to  America  in  October,  1863, 
and  after  working  in  New  York  city  for 
some  time,  eventually  located  in  Provi- 
dence. Here  he  worked  on  the  Journal 
and  joined  Providence  Typographical 
Union  Oct.  14,  1864.  In  1874,  in  com- 
pany with  Charles  R.  Stobbs,  he  pur- 
chased the  Webster  Times.  The  same 
year  Mr.  Stobbs  withdrew,  leaving  Mr. 
Cort  in  possession.  He  published  the 
paper  up  to  his  death,  which  occurred  in 
Worcester  March  4,  1903,  aged  66  years, 
11  months  and  27  days.  Six  years  previ- 
ous to  his  death  his  nephew,  Arthur  H. 
Rossall  (also  a  former  member  of  Provi- 
dence LTnion),  was  editor  and  manager 
of  the  Times.  Mr.  Cort  always  led  an 
upright  life  and  was  generous  to  a  fault, 
and  his  death  was  deeply  regretted  by 
the  many  tourists  who  passed  through 
Webster  in  their  wanderings,  and  the 
writer  of  this  brief  biography  never 
knew  him  to  turn  down  a  printer  with  a 
card — always  giving  them  enough  work 
to  put  them  on  their  feet  again,  or  a  meal 
or  railroad  ticket.  In  closing,  I  think  the 
following  words,  written  by  Albert  Tyler, 
editor  of  the  Oxford  (Mass.)  Mid- 
Weekly,  and  a  lifelong  friend,  briefly 
characterize  the  deceased :  "He  pub- 
lished a  clean  paper,  which  carried  no 
immoral  taint  into  the  homes  it  visited. 
In  all  his  work  he  exhibited  tact  and 
discretion.  .  .  .  Those  who  know  me 
will  not  be  surprised  when  I  declare  my 
conviction  that  so  long  and  so  useful  a 
life  will  not  lose  the  award  of  God's 
eternal  favor." 

JEREMIAH  F.  COURTNEY  —  Died 
New  York  city  April  12,  1906,  aged  42 
years.  He  was  born  in  Lowell,  Mass.  ; 
while  employed  in  Providence  on  the 
Journal  he  was  initiated  into  No.  33  May, 
1887;  soon  after  he  went  to  New  York, 
where  he  worked  on  the  Sun,  Times  and 
Journal. 

JAMES  E.  COX — Born  Providence  Feb. 
23,  1879;  learned  printing  in  Evening 
Telegram  office,  beginning  in  1896  ;  initi- 
ated into  Providence  Union  FeV).  24,  1901  ; 
at  present  employed  on  the  Tribune. 

HOWARD  A.  CRAM — Born  Providence 
Aug.  21,  1877;  learned  printing  in  Jour- 
nal office,  beginning  in  1894  ;  initiated 
into  No.  33  Nov.  30,  1902;  worked  in 
Boston  on  the  Journal  and  Herald  ;  one 
of  the  organizers  of  the  Providence  Lino- 
type Co. 


XXIV 


PRINTERS  AND  PRINTING  IN  PROVIDENCE 


FELIX  CRANE — Born  Boston,  Mass.,  in 
1887  ;  learned  printing  in  office  of  Olney- 
ville  Times,  1900-03  ;  worlted  in  various 
offices  in  Providence ;  participated  in  the 
effort  for  tlie  eight-hour  day  in  1906. 

MAURICE  HENRY  CRANE  —  Born 
Providence  Sept.  13,  1854  ;  died  there  Nov. 
25,  1905  ;  learned  printing  in  office  of 
Henry  Tilden,  beginning  in  1870;  initi- 
ated into  Providence  Union  May  17,  1888; 
with  the  exception  of  about  four  years 
spent  in  Boston  he  worked  in  this  citj' 
during  his  life ;  was  in  the  1st  R.  I. 
Regiment   in    the    Spanisli-American   War. 

AMOS  B.  CRANSTON  —  Died  Provi- 
dence April  6,  1880.  His  name  appears 
in  the  1854  Directory  as  working  on  the 
Post  and  in  1855  at  A.  Crawford  Greene's 
For  more  than  20  years  before  his  death 
he  was  a  compositor  on  the  Press  and 
Star.  He  was  a  charter  member  of 
Providence  Union  in  1857  and  continued 
his  connection  with  that  body  until  its 
dissolution  in  187  8,  holding  many  impor- 
tant offices  in  it.  His  funeral  was  most 
impressive.  About  50  of  the  compositors 
and  pressmen  of  the  city  assembled  at 
the  business  office  of  the  Press  on  Sun- 
day, April  11,  where  J.  E.  C.  Farnham 
addressed  them.  Then,  under  the  marshal- 
ship  of  Capt.  C.  C.  Gray,  they  marched 
in  a  body  to  the  house.  No.  2  74  High 
street.  Rev.  Henry  W.  Rugg  conducted 
the  services  at  the  house.  The  floral 
offering  from  the  Press  and  Star  was  a 
"Star"  of  white  pinks  and  roses,  across 
the  centre  of  which  was  the  word  "Press" 
in  blue  immortelles.  That  from  the  Jour- 
nal was  a  large  pillow  of  fragrant  white 
buds  and  blossoms,  bearing  at  the  top  the 
figure  9,  the  "slug"  the  deceased  had  been 
using,  while  below  this  was  a  composing 
stick,  made  of  green  leaves,  in  which 
was  a  single  white  rosebud,  typical  of 
a  "full  stop."  The  bearers  wsre  A.  P. 
Brown  of  the  Star,  H.  A.  Barnes  of  the 
Press,  J.  E.  C.  Farnham  of  the  book 
department  and  Nathaniel  Brown  of  the 
job  department  of  the  Providence  Press 
Co.  The  following  appears  at  the  close 
of  the  description  of  the  funeral,  proba- 
bly written  by  George  O.  Willard  :  "Amos 
B.  Cranston's  page  of  life  is  finished,  the 
last  column  has  been  made  up,  the  proof 
drawn  and  in  tha  hands  of  his  Maker 
for  correction  and  revision  preparatory 
to  the  final  adjustment.  His  slips  are 
pasted  up,  the  stick  laid  aside  and  the 
rule  turned ;  let  us  hope  his  string  will 
measure  well." 

BARZILLAI  CRANSTON— Died  Provi- 
dence Oct.  26,  1867,  aged  74  years,  7 
months  and  14  days.  He  was  born  in 
Foster,  R.  I.,  in  1793  ;  came  to  this  city 
when  14  years  old,  and  learned  the  print- 
ing trade  with  Jones  &  Wheeler.  In  1819 
he  entered  the  firm  and  engaged  in  the 
publication  of  the  Patriot  nnd  Columbian 
Phenix.  This  partnership  lasted  one  year. 
During  the  year  1824  he  did  the  print- 
ing   for    the      Christian     Telescope,      after 


which  he  continued  in  the  printing  busi- 
ness in  the  firm  of  Cranston  &  Marshall, 
and  later  in  that  of  Cranston  &  Ham- 
mond. He  was  also  in  partnership  with 
S.  R.  Weeden  and  John  W.  Cory,  book- 
sellers and  publishers.  He  was  one  of  the 
best  workmen  of  his  day.  During  his  life 
he  held  many  positions  of  honor  and 
trust.  Was  a  member  of  the  school  com- 
mittee and  of  the  Common  Council  many 
times.  President  of  the  Mechanics'  Asso- 
ciation, treasurer  of  the  Rawson  Foun- 
tain Society  and  treasurer  of  the  Citizens' 
Savings    Bank. 

GEORGE  H.  CRANSTON — Died  Provi- 
dence Dec.  4,  1867,  aged  35  years.  The 
Evening  Press,  on  which  he  was  employed 
at  the  time  of  his  death,  said :  "Origi- 
nally possessed  of  a  strong  constitution, 
it  was  undermined  in  the  public  service, 
and  our  friend  may  be  numbered  among 
those  who  gave  life  for  country  and 
liberty."  In  1860  he  was  employed  on  the 
Post.  He  was  a  charter  member  of 
Providence  Typographical  Union  in  1857. 
Its  members  attended  his  funeral  in  a 
body. 

E.  FRANK  CRAPON — Died  Woon- 
socket  Sept.  7,  1872,  aged  25  years.  11 
months  and  14  days.  He  learned  printing 
in  the  office  of  the  Woonsockst  Patriot ; 
was  initiated  into  Providence  Union  April 
11,  1868. 

WILLIAM  CRAVEN — Born  Providence 
Dec.  9,  1873  ;  learned  printing  on  the 
Pawtucket  Times  ;  worked  in  Providence 
since  1894  ;  initiated  into  Providence 
Union  July  26,  1903. 

GEORGE  M.  CRAWFORD — Born  Pic- 
tou,  N.  S.,  Jan.  14,  1882  ;  learned  print- 
ing in  offices  of  Pictou  Advocate  and 
Remington  Printing  Co.,  this  city ;  came 
to  Providence  in  1901  ;  initiated  Into  No. 
33   Dec.    27,    1903. 

JAMES  E.  CRAWFORD — Born  Pictou, 
N.  S.,  Dec.  4,  1879;  learned  trade  in  the 
Advocate  office  of  that  town  ;  worked  in 
Providence  since  1898;  initiated  into  No. 
33  April  29,   1900. 

FRANCIS  V.  CREAMER — Died  Provi- 
dence July  7,  1892,  aged  30  years.  He 
learned  printing  in  this  city  and  was  ad- 
mitted    to     Providence     Union     April     30, 

1884. 

ALBERT  A.  CRIST  —  Born  1878; 
learned  printing  at  office  of  Anoka  Times 
and  at  Snow  &  Farnham's  ;  initiated  into 
I'rovidence  Union  March   25,    1900. 

JAMES  B.  CROFWELI., — Born  South 
Coventry,  Conn.  ;  learned  printing  In 
Providence  at  George  F.  Chapman's  and 
]<>vening  Telegram,  beginning  In  18SS;  ini- 
tiated into  Provitlencf  I'nion  Nov.  30. 
1891  ;  worked  on  Journal  in  this  city  and 
on  the  Herald,  Post  and  Tran.scrlpt  in 
Boston  ;  at  present  practicing  dentistry  in 
Boston. 


THE  JOURNEYMEN 


XXV 


MARTIN  J.  CROFWELL, — Born  Norr 
wioh,  Conn.,  in  1875  ;  served  apprentice- 
ship on  the  Evening  Bulletin,  beginning 
in  1895,  where  he  is  at  present  employed, 
operating  a  linotype  machine.  He  became 
a  member  of  No.   33   Sept.   30,   1900. 

ASA  M.  CROWELL — Born  Providence 
Jan.  20,  1857  ;  learned  the  newspaper 
pressman's  trade  in  Journal  pressroom, 
beginning  July  15,  1878.  He  tells  his 
story  as  follows :  "Started  as  engineer 
and  fired  the  boilers  and  had  charge  of 
ice  water  and  ink  fountains,  and  was 
head  devil  of  the  pressroom  ;  then  learned 
to  feed  on  the  four  and  si.K-cylinder 
presses  and  to  make  rollers ;  then  ap- 
pointed assistant  foreman,  and  on  the 
death  of  John  J.  Dwyer  in  1893  was 
made  foreman  of  the  pressroom."  This 
latter  position  he  held  10  years ;  initi- 
ated into  No.  33  April  29,  1888  ;  from 
1903  until  1906  he  was  in  the  employ  of 
the  New  York  World.  In  February  of 
the  latter  year  he  returned  to  the  Journal 
as  foreman  of  its  pressroom. 

IDA  C.  CROWELL — Born  Providence 
Dec.  11,  1869  ;  learned  printing  in  office 
of    E.    A.    Johnson    &    Co.,    beginning    in 

1886  ;  worked  at  the  business  until  1891, 
when  she  married  Henry  N.  Burrett  of 
the  Evening  Bulletin. 

WARREN  E.  CROWELL — Born  March 
7,  1875  ;  learned  printing  in  Brooklyn, 
N.  Y.  ;  worked  in  Providence  on  the 
Telegram  for  a  short  time  in  the  spring 
of  1905. 

JOSEPH  CROWLEY — Born  Providence 
Jan.  13,  1878  ;  learned  printing  on  Jour- 
nal, beginning  in  1896  ;  initiated  into  No. 
33  Aug.  26.  1900;  at  present  linotype 
operator  on  Journal. 

JOSEPH  P.  CULLEN — Born  Westfleld, 
Mass.,  Aug.  24,  1869  ;  learned  printing  in 
Springfield,  Mass.,  beginning  in  1885  ; 
worked  on  Boston  Post  1833-96  and  1905- 
06  ;  Pawtucket  Times  1905  ;  now  employed 
on  Providence  Journal ;  member  Provi- 
dence Union. 

MATTHEW  J.  CUMMINGS  —  Born 
Providence  1862  ;  learned  printing  in  job 
office  of  Evening  Press  ;  initiated  into 
Providence  LTnion  May  30,  1886;  started 
small    job    office    on    Dorrance    street     in 

1887  ;  elected  Overseer  of  the  Poor  of  the 
city  of  Providence  in  1889,  and  has  been 
re-elected  each  year  since. 

MATTHEW  J.  CURRAN — Born  1881; 
learned  printing  on  the  Telegram,  begin- 
ning in  1899. 

WILLIAM  P.  CURRAN — Born  Provi- 
dence March  16,  1875  ;  learned  printing 
in  office  of  Journal,  beginning  in  1892  ; 
worked  on  the  Providence  News  and  on 
Newport  Herald  ;  at  present  linotype 
operator  on  Woonsocket  Call  ;  initiated 
into  Providence  L^nion  April  26,   1896. 


FRANK  A.  CUSHMAN  —  Born  Paw- 
tucket, R.  I.,  June  30,  1860;  learned  print- 
ing in  office  of  Pawtucket  Gazette  and 
Chronicle,  beginning  in  1877  ;  initiated 
into  New  York  Union  in  1883;  admitted 
by  card  to  Providence  Union  October, 
1886;  worked  in  Taunton,   Mass. 

CORNELIUS  C.  CUSICK — Born  Provi- 
dence Aug.  4,  1887  ;  learned  printing  in 
office  of  Journal,  beginning  in  1902  ;  initi- 
ated into  Providence  Union  December, 
1906  ;  linotype  operator  on  Journal. 

GEORGE  G.  CUTTING  —  Claims  the 
distinction  of  being  the  first  tourist  printer 
on  a  bicycle.  He  was  born  in  Warwick. 
R.  I.,  June  22,  1865  ;  learned  the  printing 
trade  on  the  Westerly  Tribune ;  worked 
at  E.  A.  Johnson  &  Co.'s  1885-89;  initi- 
ated into  Providence  Typograpliical  Union 
May  11,  1888  ;  has  been  on  e.Kecutive  com- 
mittee and  other  committees  ;  delegate  to 
Allied  Printing  Trades  and  to  Central 
Labor  Union  for  four  years  ;  worked  in 
New  York  and  Boston. 

Initiated  Into  Providence   Union  on  Dates 
Named: 

JOHN  A.   CALLAN,  April  24,   1887. 
JOSEPH  C.  CAMPBELL,  Jan.  29,   1893. 
P.   W.   CARD,   Oct.    27,    1895. 
RAYMOND  A.  CARD,  March  27,  1892. 
THOMAS  P.   CARNEY,   Dec.   18,   1887. 

E.  CAWLINS,    Oct.    10,    1868. 
EUGENE  F.  CHASE,  Oct.   29,   1887  ;  by 

card  April,   1888. 

LAWRENCE  CHASE,  July  11,  1S68  ; 
now  a   proofreader  on   Boston  Globe. 

EDWARD  F.   CLARKE,   April   29,    1888. 

PHILIP  S.   COFFIN,  April  8,   1871. 

MOSES  W.   COLLINS;  before   1865. 

THOMAS  J.   CONNER,   Aug.    8,    1857. 

GEORGE  COOPER,  Jan.   11,   1868. 

JAMES  J.   COSTELLO,  July   31,    1887. 

JOHN  F.   COYLE,   Sept.   11,   1869. 

GEORGE  E.  CRANDALL,  Nov.  30, 
1891;  by  card  Nov.   25,   1893. 

W.   C.  CRANGLE,   Nov.   27,    1892. 

T.   E.   CURRAN,    Sept.    26,    1886. 

DAVID  GUSHING,   Nov.   9,   1873. 

GEORGE   W.    GUSHING,   July    9,    1859. 

Admitted   by   Card   on  Dates  Named: 

ALBERT    A.    CADY,    February,    1885. 
W.   H.    CALKIN,   July.    1888. 
THOMAS   G.    CALLEN.    April,    1887. 

C.  S.   CAMPBELL,   January,    1889. 

W.  H.    CAMPBELL ;    from     New     York 

Sept.  14,   1867;  June   8,   1872. 

D.  S.  CAPUL ;  from  Louisville,  Ky., 
Sept.  14.    1867. 

J.  R.  CARPENTER,  April,  18S9. 
JOHN  A.   CARR.   March   29,    1896. 
W.    R.    CARRIGAN.    September,    1887. 
MICHAEL   GARY,   Nov.    12,    1870. 

F.  S.  CASSELMAN,  May,   1887. 
JAMES  E.   CHANDLER,   April,   1888. 
H.     P.     CHAPLINE,     November.     ISSS  ; 

reported   dead. 

ALBERT  W.   CHAPPELL,   1874. 
D.\NIEL    CHARLTON,    Sept.     14,     1872. 
JOHN  CHERRY,  Oct.   14,   1865. 


XXVI 


PRINTERS  AND  PRINTING  IN  PROVIDENCE 


JAMES  A.  CLARKE,  April,  1886;  Feb- 
ruary   1887. 

L.   O.    CLIFTON,    March.    1886. 

THADDEUS  S.  CLINCH;  from  Nor- 
wich, Conn.,  Sept.   11,   186't. 

JAMES  H.  COLLINS.  Sept.  30,  1883  ; 
August,   1886. 

JOHN  COLLINS,   Nov.   12,   1884. 

MICHAEL  COLLINS,  New  York,  May 
11,    1872. 

R.    E.   COLLINS.    1874. 

WILLIAM  COMYN.   Sept.    30,   1883. 

JOHN  CONNELLY,  March,  1886;  re- 
ported died  in  Albany,  N.  Y. 

T.  J.  CONNOLLY,  January,  1885. 

CHARLES  COOL,  February,  1887.  C. 
A.  Cool  died  at  Pittsburg,  Pa.,  Dec.  20. 
1905,  aged  50  years. 

JOSEPH   CORBEIL — March    26,    1893. 

CLARENCE  L.  CORD,  May  28.   1899. 

JAMES   COTTER,  Aug.    12.   1871. 

HENRY  COURTNEY.   September,    1886. 

H.  CRAIG,  June  9,   1873. 

ARTHUR  J.  CRAWSHAW,  December, 
1889. 

J.  C.  CRESS,  June,   1887. 

CHARLES  L.  CROCKER,  June    24,  1900. 

JOHN  CRONIN,  April,  1886.  Reported 
dead. 

J.  F.  CROWLEY,  April  12,   1871. 

P.  CROWLEY.  December,  1883. 

JOHN  E.  CULLEN,  Aug.  12.  1871. 

JOHN  CURLEY,   June,   1887. 

Names    Found    in    the    Providence    Direc- 
tory : 

JESSE  CALDBR— 1850-54  ;  1856-57  and 
1863   clerk   in   Post   Office. 

JOHN  CARTER — 1855,  at  24  Westmin- 
ster street;  by  card  Sept.   10,   1870. 

GEORGE  CARY — 1857. 

CHARLES  N.  CASWELL — 184  4  over 
15  Market  square,    1850  at  Journal  Office. 

DANIEL  R.  CASWELL— 1841  at  25 
Market  square. 

CHARLES  F.  CHARNLEY — Learned 
printing  trade  in  Journal  office ;  now  in 
jewelry  business  in  this  city. 

EDWARD  B.  CHEEVER  —  1850  on 
Daily  Post  and  Journal;   1855  on  Journal. 

GEORGE  P.  CHOAT — 184  7  at  B.  T. 
Albro's.    5   Canal   street. 

EDWARD  CODDINGTON — 1824  at  3 
South  Main  street. 

HENRY  R.  COOKE— 1855  at  24  West- 
minster street. 

EDWARD  CORY— 1830-32  at  9  Market 
square    ( E.  and  J.  W.   Cory). 

JOHN  W.  CORY — 1832-36  at  9  Market 
square;  IS.TS  book.sellor  and  publisher; 
1847  at  Journal  Office 

WILLIAM  H.  CORY— 1856;  1857  at 
Journal  office. 

JOHN  COTTON — 1838. 

WILLIAM    CRANSTON— 1S57. 

CHARLES  F.  CURTIS— 1826  at  Ameri- 
can office;   1828  at  Journal  office. 

CALEB  GUSHING- 1826  at  3  South 
Main  street.  Caleb  Gushing,  publi.shor 
of  the  Salem  (Mass.)  Gazette,  sold  tlie 
paper  in  1823. 

JOSHUA  GUSHING- 182  8. 


Printers   Known    to    Have    Worked   Here: 

FRANK  CAPRON  (Long  Frank)  ;  died 
about  18'>2. 

WILLIAM  CARROLL  (Red)  ;  early 
80's  ;  died  in  New  York  city. 

D.  CASHEN;  withdrew  card  in  1877. 

JOHN  CONLON  ;  was  in  "News"  strike. 

J.  F.  COLLINS — 1853  ;  worked  on  Jour- 
nal. 

WILLIAM   C.    CROSMAN — 1902. 

THOMAS  J.  CREIGHTON ;  early  80"s  ; 
now  in  Hartford.  Conn. 

CHARLES  M.  CLARK  was  foreman  of 
the  Providence  Evening  Telegram  for  a 
number  of  years,  while  it  was  out  of  the 
L^nion.  Afterward  he  was  foreman  of  the 
New  York  Sun. 

THOMAS  WAYNE  DALLING  —  Born 
West  Chester.  Pa.,  Sept.  20,  1870;  learned 
printing  in  that  city,  beginning  in  1887; 
came  to  Providence  Journal  shortly  after 
the  introduction  of  the  linotype  machines  ; 
initiated  into  No.  33  Dec.  28,  1890;  now 
employed  on  Philadelphia  Record. 

CHARLES  A.  DALTON — Born  Salem. 
Mass.  ;  learned  printing  at  the  University 
Press.  Cambridge,  Mass.  ;  lias  worked  in 
Providence  since  1901  ;  admitted  by  card 
to  Providence  LTnion  May  31,  1903  ;  now 
superintendent   Franklin   Press. 

FRANCIS  LIPPITT  DANFORTH — Died 
Providence  April  30.  1867.  aged  55  years. 
He  was  a  son  of  Walter  R.  Danforth  and 
grandson  of  John  Carter.  The  Directory 
of  1856  gives  his  occupation  as  printer. 

GEORGE  DANFORTH — Died  Taunton. 
Mass..  Feb.  10.  1851  ;  employed  on  the 
Providence  Journal  in  1836.  and  from  1841 
to  1850;  on  Morning  Courier  In  1838. 

GEORGE  WHITMAN  DANIELSON  — 
Born  Killingly.  Conn..  April  25,  1829  ; 
died  Providence  March  25,  1884.  In  his 
15th  year  he  began  to  learn  printing  in 
the  office  of  E.  B.  Carter  at  D.anielson- 
ville.  Conn.,  but  remained  there  only  one 
year.  He  then  came  to  Providence,  work- 
ing here  as  a  journeyman  printer,  .and 
also  tried  New  York  city  for  a  while, 
.after  which  he  returned  to  Providence 
and  for  a  short  time  publislied  the  Daily 
Sentinel.  He  was  also  for  a  time  editor 
of  the  Daily  Transcript.  July  26.  1848.  he 
became  editor  and  publisher  of  the  New 
England  Arena  at  West  Killingly,  Conn., 
but  was  back  In  Providence  in  a  little 
more  th.an  .a  year.  In  May.  1851.  he  was 
marine  reporter  for  the  Daily  Post,  and 
while  connected  with  that  paper  .also 
occupied  the  positions  of  foreman  of  the 
composing  room  and  assistant  editor. 
March  14.  1859.  in  partnership  with  Albert 
R.  Cooke,  he  established  tlie  Evening 
Press.  In  October.  1862.  on  nothing  from 
the  firm,  the  employes  presented  to  him  a 
silver  goblet  and  a  four-vohune  set  of 
"Carlyle's  Critical  and  Miscellaneous 
Essays."  Jan.  1,  1863.  he  became  busi- 
ness manager  and  managing  editor  of  the 


THE  JOURNEYMEN 


XXVII 


Journal,  and  on  Jan.  26  started  the  Eve- 
ning Bulletin.  His  hours  of  work  were 
those  of  the  morning  newspaper  composi- 
tors of  that  period — 14  or  15  hours  be- 
tween 10  A.  M.  of  one  day  and  4  A.  M. 
of  the  next.  He  was  a  tireless  worker 
and  the  natural  growth  of  the  newspapers 
in  his  charge  weighed  upon  him,  perhaps 
imperceptibly,  until  he  succumbed.  For 
a  number  ol  years  he  was  President  of 
the  New  England  Associated  Press,  and 
he  was  also  interested  in  many  business 
concerns  in  Providence.  In  1854  he  was 
President  of  the  Providence  Printers' 
Union,  the  first  organization  known  to  the 
craft  in  this  city.  It  met  at  24  Westmin- 
ster street  Saturday  evenings,  according 
to  the  Directory  of  that  year. 

HERBERT  A.  DARLING  —  Died  Bos- 
ton Feb.  12,  1896  ;  he  was  initiated  into 
Providence  Union  May  9,  1868,  and  worked 
in  this  city  on  the  Press  until  1872  ; 
worked  in  Boston  1872-1880;  in  Provi- 
dence 1880-1887;  in  Boston  1887-1896;  he 
was  foreman  of  the  Providence  Star  in 
1887. 

HENRY  FIELD  DAVIS — Born  Provi- 
dence March  21,  1869  ;  died  here  Feb.  4, 
1906  ;  learned  printing  in  the  office  of  the 
Evening  Bulletin,  beginning  in  1886,  and 
continued  to  work  there  during  the  rest 
of  his  life ;  he  was  initiated  into  Provi- 
dence Union  Feb.  26,  1889  ;  was  one  of 
the  first  in  this  city  to  learn  to  operate 
the  linotype.  Burial  was  at  Swan  Point. 
Henry  R.  Davis,  for  more  than  50  years 
connected  with  the  Journal,  was  his 
father. 

"WALTER  B.  DAVIS — Born  Providence 
May  6,  1884  ;  learned  printing  in  offlce  of 
Journal,  beginning  December,  1901  ;  joined 
No.  33  Dec.  31,  1905  ;  now  employed  on 
Tribune. 

ARTHUR  DAWSON — Born  Todmorden 
Lancashire,      England,      April      13,      1868 
began    to    learn    printing    there    in    1878 
admitted     to     Providence     Union     at     the 
August   meeting,    1888 ;    has    travelled   ex- 
tensively in  the  United  States. 

JAMES  R.  DAY  —  Born  Washington, 
D.  C,  Aug.  10,  1860;  started  to  learn 
printing  in  tlie  office  of  Nickerson  & 
Sibley,  Pawtucket.  in  1872,  and  finished 
his  apprenticeship  in  tlie  Evening  Press 
job  offlce.  Providence,  where  he  worked 
1 3  years  ;  he  then  went  into  business  for 
himself  and  has  been  very  successful ;  he 
joined   Providence  Union   December,    1886. 

MARTIN  C.  DAY — Born  Providence 
May  7,  1853  ;  learned  printing  in  Dover, 
N.  H.,  beginning  in  1870  ;  reporter  on  the 
Providence  Journal  from  1876  to  1882; 
city  editor  from  1882  to  1894;  author  of 
the  book,  "Death  in  the  Mail,"  a  report  of 
the  Barnaby-Graves  poisoning  case ;  for 
a  time  was  city  editor  of  the  News.  Mr. 
Day  was  initiated  into  Providence  Typo- 
graphical LTnion  Aug.  27,  1905  ;  now 
located  in  New  York  city. 


ITHIBL  DEARDEN  —  Born  England 
Sept.  24,  1870  ;  learned  printing  in  Provi- 
dence at  Reid's,  and  later  was  employed 
on  the  Evening  Telegram ;  was  initiated 
into  Providence  Union  May  31,  1890  ;  now 
employed  on  the  Brockton  Times. 

VINCENT  DE  FINA — Born  Italy  Dec. 
2,  1864  ;  learned  printing  in  Italy,  com- 
ing to  Providence  in  1895  ;  initiated  into 
Providence  Union  Aug.  29,  1897  ;  partici- 
pated in  the  effort  for  the  eight-hour  day 
in  1906  ;  now  employed  on  Evening 
Bulletin. 

WALTER  DE  HOFF — Reported  died  in 
Jersey  City,  N.  J.  ;  admitted  by  card  to 
Providence  Union  Feb.  23,  1900;  was  a 
linotype  operator,  employed  on  the 
Journal. 

RUDOLPH  DE  LEEUW — Born  Hart- 
ford, Conn.,  May  17,  1858;  learned  the 
printing  trade  in  that  city  in  the  offlce  of 
the  Evening  Post,  beginning  in  1876  ;  has 
worked  in  Providence  on  tlie  Journal  since 
1880,  most  of  the  time  in  the  proofroom. 
Mr.  De  Leeuw  was  secretary  of  Hartford 
Union  in  1881,  vice  president  of  Provi- 
dence Union  1901-02,  treasurer  1903-04- 
05-06  and  1907,  delegate  to  I.  T.  U.  con- 
ventions at  Atlanta,  Ga.  (1890),  and 
Detroit,  Mich.  (1899),  delegate  to  R.  I. 
Central  Trades  and  Labor  Union   1902. 

ALFRED  A.  DEVENISH — Born  Provi- 
dence 1858;  learned  printing  in  offlce  of 
J.  A.  &  R.  A.  Reid,  beginning  in  1876, 
and  has  worked  in  this  city  all  the  time 
since  with  exception  of  three  years  in 
Boston ;  initiated  into  Providence  Union 
April  15,  1883  ;  now  foreman  for  J.  C. 
Hall  Co. 

JOSEPH  E.  DEVENISH — Born  Provi- 
dence Feb.  28,  1881  ;  began  apprentice- 
ship at  Lufkin  Press,  Boston,  in  1899. 
and  finished  at  J.  C.  Hall's,  in  Providence  ; 
initiated  into  Providence  Union  Aug.  30, 
1903  ;  now  employed  on  Evening  Bulletin. 

W.  H.  DEVINE — Born  Waterford,  Ire- 
land, May  14,  1880;  learned  printing  with 
Harrigan  &  King,  Worcester,  Mass.  ;  ad- 
mitted to  Providence  Union  at  the  Decem- 
ber meeting,  1905,  by  card  ;  was  employed 
at  Remington's,  operating  a  monotype  ; 
came  out  on  strike  for  eight-hour  day 
Jan.  1,  1906  ;  left  the  city  Jan.  3,  1906. 

JOHN  J.  DEVLIN  —  Born  Providence 
Sept.  12.  1860  ;  learned  printing  at  office 
of  Angell  &  Co.,  beginning  in  1874  ;  initi- 
ated into  No.  33  May  17.  1888;  worked  in 
most  of  the  printing  offices  in  tliis  city, 
both  as  printer  and  reporter  ;  was  the  first 
police  messenger  appointed  in  Providence, 
and  served  as  such  under  Cliiefs  of  Police 
Charles  H.  Hunt  and  Benjamin  H.  Child  ; 
since  leaving  Providence  in  1895  has 
worked  in  various  New  England  cities, 
and  is  now  (1904)  in  the  stationery  busi- 
ness in  M^insted.  Conn.,  but  retains  his 
connection  with  newspaper  work  as  corre- 
spondent for  State  papers. 


XXVIII 


PRINTERS  AND  PRINTING  IN  PROVIDENCE 


GREGORY  DKXTER  —  Born  Olney, 
England,  about  1610;  died  Providence, 
R.  I..  1700:  learned  printing  at  London, 
England,  where  he  set  up  in  business. 
He  also  ministered  to  a  Baptist  soeiety  in 
that  city.  He  came  to  Providence  about 
1638  and  was  the  first  practical  printer  to 
live  here,  taut  did  not  worl<  at  his  trade 
in  this  colony.  It  is  said  that  Mr.  Dexter 
once  visited  Cambridge,  Mas.«!.,  to  help  the 
printer  in  that  town  put  his  office  in  order. 
For  many  years  he  was  one,  of  the  colony 
assistants  under  the  charter  of  Charles 
II.  ;  also  served  as  town  clerk  and  held 
other  public  offices.  He  was  the  fourth 
minister  of  the  First  Baptist  Church  in 
Providence.  His  residence  was  built  of 
logs  and  stood  on  the  east  side  of  what  is 
now  Benefit  street,  near  its  .lunction  with 
North  Main  street.  During  King  Phillip's 
war  Mr.  Dexter,  with  his  wife,  went  to 
Long  Island  and  remained  there  until  ap- 
parent danger  had  passed.  He  returned  to 
find  his  home  desolate  and  two  of  his  sons 
numbered  with  the  dead.  He  rebuilt  his 
house  on  the  site  opposite  the  city  water- 
ing place  at  the  summit  of  Constitution 
Hill.  He  was  the  progenitor  of  the  Dexter 
family,  one  of  whom  (Ebenezer  Kniglit 
Dexter)  gave  to  the  city  the  Dexter  Asy- 
lum and  Dexter  Training  Ground. 

MYRON  W.  DIBBLE — Born  Cornwall, 
Conn.,  in  184't;  learned  printing  in  Litch- 
field, Conn.,  beginning  in  1861  ;  admitted 
to  Providence  Union  by  card  May  11. 
1872,  and  again  at  the  April  meeting. 
1888;  worked  on  the  Journal  and  other 
newspapers  in  this  city. 

MASON  DICKEY — Died  at  Alexandria, 
Va.,  May  3,  1803,  Mr.  Mason  Dickey, 
printer,  late  of  this  town, — Providence 
Gazette,  May  21,  1803. 

JOHN  JAMES  DIGGINS — Born  Provi- 
dence Oct.  15,  1879  ;  learned  printing  with 
J.  J.  Ryder  Co.,  beginning  in  November, 
1895;  initiated  into  Providence  Union 
Sept.  2  8,  1903  ;  participated  in  the  effort 
for  the  eight-hour  day  in  1'I06  ;  now  em- 
ployed on  Tribune. 

JOHN  J.  DILLON  —  Born  Providence 
Nov.  16,  1858;  learned  printing  in  office 
of  E.  A.  Johnson  &  Co.,  beginning  in 
February,  1879;  initiated  into  Providence 
Union  Aug.  26,  18SS;  always  worked  in 
this  cltN'   in   the  vaihjus  .job  offices. 

FUGENIO  T.  DION  —  Born  Centnil 
I'^alls,  R.  I.  ;  learned  the  y)rinting  trade 
in  the  office  of  the  Clu'oniele  Printing 
f'o.,   Pawtiieket  :   now  eniploxcd  on  Trilmne. 

HFNKV  R.  ]>IX — Burn  Pictou,  Pictou 
eountv.  Nova  Scotia,  in  18.")-1;  leann-il 
lirlnting  in  Pi'ovidence  and  is  at  present 
employed   at    Rurnford   Cliemical   Works. 

CALFH  S.  I*.  DODGK — Born  Lempster, 
N.  H.,  May  29,  1838;  died  Caml)ridge, 
Mass.,  1906;  learned  printing  in  the  office 
of  the  Wateitiiwn  Sentuii'l  ;  worked  at  the 
business    in    nian.\'    nf    Ilie    large    cities    nf 


the  country  and  in  the  early  80s  on  the 
Journal  in  this  city.  Since  1883  he  was 
employed  on  the  Boston  Globe.  He  was 
President  of  Boston  Union  in  1892,  and 
was  connected  with  the  Masons,  Odd  Fel- 
lows, Cadets  of  Temperance  and  the 
Franklin  Typographical  Society  of  Boston. 

BERNARD  DOHERTY  —  Died  Provi- 
dence July  24,  1884,  aged  45  years;  initi- 
ated into  No.  33  March  12,  1864  ;  for 
many  years  he  was  employed  in  tlie  Press 
.iob  office  as  book  pressman ;  brother  of 
Henry  F.  Doherty. 

HENRY  F.  DOHERTY — Died  Provi- 
dence July  31,  1907,  aged  57  years; 
learned  printing  in  book  room  of  the 
Providence  Press  Co.  ;  was  foreman  of 
that  department  for  a  number  of  years 
until  1882,  when  he  accepted  a  position 
with  the  Davol  Rubber  Co.  as  salesman, 
remaining  witli  that  firm  until  his  death  ; 
initiated  into  Providence  Union  Nov.  13, 
1869.  He  is  buried  in  Pocasset  Ceme- 
tery. 

PATRICK  J.  DOHERTY  —  Born  St. 
John,  N.  B.,  1840;  worked  in  Boston  be- 
fore the  Civil  War  and  until  1867  on  the 
Herald,  Bee,  Journal  and  Advertiser ; 
come  to  Pro\idcnce  in  1867  and  was  fore- 
man of  Journal  until  1871  ;  name  is  on 
records  of  Providence  Union  ;  died  in  this 
city  May  4,  1889. 

HUGH  F.  DOLAN  —  Born  Providence 
April  8,  1864  ;  learned  printing  on  Evening 
Telegram,  beginning  in  1883  ;  worked  on 
tlie  Journal  and  in  Boston,  Worcester,  Fall 
River  and  other  New  England  cities  ;  initi- 
ated into  Providence  Union  Jan.  31,   1886. 

JOHN  P.  DOLAN  —  Born  Danbury, 
Conn.,  Feb.  20,  1854  ;  learned  printing  in 
Woonsocket.  R.  I.,  on  the  Reporter,  begin- 
ning in  1872;  came  to  Providence  in  1879, 
and  worked  on  the  Telegram,  Simday  Dis- 
patch and  Morning  Star  until  1882,  when 
he  went  to  the  Journal,  reinaining  on 
that  paper  until  1889  ;  he  was  initiated 
into  Providence  Union  April  8,  1883,  tlie 
meeting  at  which  the  Union  was  reorgan- 
ized ;  served  on  the  executive  committee 
for  several  years ;  recording  secretary 
1886-87,  and  President  1888.  Since  leaving 
this  city  Mr.  Dolan  has  worked  in  Boston, 
on  the  Globe  luitil  the  Ameriian  started, 
when  he  went  to  that  paper  and  is  at 
present  emploj'ed  there. 

PATRICK  DOLAN — Lost  his  life  in  the 
Mississii)pi  river  in  April,  1865.  He  was 
:in  apprentice  on  the  Providence  Journal 
HI  IStiO;  enlisted  as  a  private  in  Co.  G. 
llth  R.  1.  Vol..  in  September.  1S62;  after 
expiration  of  his  term  of  service  he  re- 
enlisted  in  the  3d  R.  I.  Cavalry.  Troop 
II;  was  (lisehai-ged  for  disabilit>-  on  ac- 
ciMint  iif  wiiuiuls  received,  and  was  return- 
ing luime  iin  the  Sult.ana  when  the  accl- 
il.'Ht  (iccurri'd.  Tlu'  telegrapliic  dispatcli 
piiiited  ,it  the  time  said:  "Steamer  Sul- 
tana, from  New  Orleans  April  21.  arrived 
at     \'icl<sliurg    with    boilers    leakin.g    b.idly. 


THE  JOURNEYMEN 


XXIX 


She  remained  30  hours  repairing  and 
talting  on  199  6  Federal  prisoners  and  35 
offlcers,  lately  released  from  Cahawba  and 
Anderson  ville  prisons.  She  arrived  at 
Memphis  April  27,  and  after  coaling  pro- 
ceeded. About  2  P.  M.,  when  seven  miles 
out,  she  blew  up  and  immediately  took 
fire  and  burned  to  the  water's  edge.  Of 
2106  souls  on  board,  not  more  than  700 
can  be  rescued  ;  500  are  in  hospital  and 
two  or  three  hundred  uninjured  ones  are 
at  the  Soldiers'  Home." 

JOHN  H.  DONAHUE — Born  1860; 
began  to  leai-n  printing  in  1882;  initiated 
into  Providence  Union  Jan.   26,   1893. 

MICHAEL,  AMOS  DONAHUE  —  Born 
Clyman,  Dodge  county,  Wis.,  Jan.  1,  1868; 
learned  printing  in  the  office  of  the  Provi- 
dence Evening  Telegram,  beginning  in 
1885  ;  after  the  strike  on  that  paper  he 
went  to  Worcester,  Mass.,  remtiining  there 
two  years,  and  then  worked  in  Boston 
and  New  York.  Went  West  in  1901,  visit- 
ing Buffalo,  Chicago,  St.  Louis,  Denver, 
Leadville,  reaching  San  Francisco  in  1903, 
where  he  is  now  located  on  the  Examiner  ; 
initiated  into  Providence  Union  March  31, 
1889. 

THOMAS  H.  DONAHUE  —  Born  Pas- 
coag,  R.  I.,  Feb.  24,  1863;  learned  stereo- 
typing on  the  Providence  Journal,  begin- 
ning in  1886,  and  continued  there  until 
1890;  Woonsocket  Reporter  1890-91; 
Providence  Telegram  1891-96;  Brockton 
Times  1896-97;  Providence  Journal  1898 
to  present  time,  and  is  foreinan  of  the 
room  ;  initiated  into  Providence  Union  Feb. 
26,  1889. 

JAMES  H.  DONOVAN  —  Born  Provi- 
dence April  20,  1883;  began  his  appren- 
ticeship in  the  office  of  the  Evening  Press 
in  1883,  and  finished  on  the  Star;  admit- 
ted to  the  Union  Aug.  30,  1885,  as  an 
apprentice  member,  probably  the  first  ap- 
prentice admitted  in  that  way  ;  has  worked 
in  New  York,  Boston  and  Cambridge. 

J.  J.  DONOVAN  —  Admitted  to  Provi- 
dence Union  by  card  Sept.  14,  1872; 
worked  for  a  time  on  the  Journal. 

PATRICK  J.  DONOVAN — Admitted  by 
card  to  Providence  Union  Nov.  9,  1873; 
worked  on  Star  and  Press  ;  served  in  the 
U.  S.  Regulars  and  in  a  Massachusetts 
regiment  during  the  Civil  War  ;  belonged 
in  Boston,,  Mass.,  where  he  probably  died. 

WILLIAM  DONOVAN  —  Born  Provi- 
dence, R.  I.,  in  1858;  learned  printing  with 
J.  A.  &  R.  A.  Reid,  beginning  in  1879; 
initiated  into  Providence  Union  April  15, 
1883;  treasurer  1883;  President  1901-02; 
delegate  1902.  With  the  e.\cei)tion  of  six 
months  in  New  York  city,  lias  worked 
continuously  in  this  city  ;  at  present  in 
ad  department.   Evening  Bulletin. 

EUGENE  AUGUSTLTS  DORAN  —  Born 
Pawtucket  Oct.  29,  1881  ;  learned  printing 
on  the  Pawtucket  Times,  beginning  in 
1900  ;  worked  in  Providence  on  the  News. 


WILLIAM  H.  DORAN — Born  Fall  River, 
Mass.,'  Oct.  3,  1860  ;  learned  printing  in 
office  of  Fiske  &  Munroe  in  that  city, 
beginning  March  8,  1875  ;  admitted  to 
Providence  Union  by  card  Dec.  30,  1900  ; 
worked  at  Livermore  &  Knight's  and  at 
present  in  ad  department  of  Bulletin  ; 
was  foreman  of  Block  Island  Wireless  in 
summer  of  1903. 

JOHN  P.  DORL — Born  New  York  city 
Jan.  2  8,  1897  ;  started  to  learn  the  print- 
ing trade  in  Haverstraw,  N.  Y.,  in  1885  ; 
admitted  to  Providence  Union  in  July, 
1888,  and  has  worked  in  this  city  at  dif- 
ferent times  since ;  has  been  President, 
vice  president  and  secretary-treasurer  of 
Pawtucket  Union,  and  held  the  latter  office 
during  the  first  strike  ever  ordered  by 
that  Union  ;  delegate  to  N.  E.  A.  P.  T. 
in  1907  and  elected  vice  president  of 
that  body  ;  now  employed  on  Tribune. 

JOSEPH  DOVE — Born  Providence  Feb. 
26,  1869  ;  began  to  learn  printing  on  the 
Pawtuxet  Valley  Gleaner  in  1883,  and 
finished  apprenticeship  at  What  Cheer 
Print  in  Providence  ;  initiated  into  No.  33 
as  apprentice  member  July  25,  1886  ; 
learned  to  operate  a  linotype  on  the  Provi- 
dence Journal  and  worked  in  that  office 
until  1894  ;  from  1894  to  1906  employed 
on  Boston  Herald  ;  now  linotype  operator 
on  Journal  of  this  city. 

WILLIAM  W.  DOW — Born  Hampden, 
Me.,  Jan.  2,  1853;  learned  printing  in 
office  of  Piscataquis  Observer  at  Dover, 
Me.,  beginning  in  1875  ;  came  to  Provi- 
dence in  1878  and  worked  in  the  Evening 
Press  job  office ;  at  present  employed  in 
the  water  department  of  the  city. 

ALBERT  E.  DOYLE — Born  Providence 
Aug.  3,  1873  ;  learned  printing  with  E.  A. 
Johnson  &  Co..  beginning  December,  1889  ; 
also  worked  with  J.  A.  &  R.  A.  Reid  ;  at 
present  located  in  Washington,  D.  C. 

GEORGE  F.  DRAPE — Born  Pawtucket, 
R.  I.,  May  10,  1870;  learned  printing  at 
E.  L.  Freeman's,  Central  Falls,  and  at 
John  W.  Little's,  Pawtucket,  beginning 
Jan.  15,  1886  ;  initiated  into  Providence 
Union  Jan.  27,  1889,  and  worked  here  at 
Snow  &  Farnham's,  Casey  Bros.',  Frank- 
lin Press,  E.  A.  Johnson's  and  on  the 
News;  in  1904  employed  on  the  Brockton 
Times. 

CHARLES  W.  DRINKWATER  —  Born 
Eastington,  Gloucestershire,  Eng.,  Feb.  28, 
1855  ;  learned  printing  at  Strond,  Glouces- 
tershire ;  came  to  Providence  in  1883  ; 
was  initiated  into  Providence  Union  April 
22,  1883  ;  worked  for  many  years  at  Reid's 
and  at  Livermore  &  Knight's  ;  partici- 
pated in  the  effort  for  the  eight-hour  day 
in  1906  ;  now  employed  on  Tribune. 

SAMUEL  A.  DRISCOLL  —  Died  War- 
ren, R.  I.,  Oct.  30,  1886,  aged  76  years; 
learned  the  trade  of  a  printer  and  for  a 
time  worked  on  the  Journal  in  this  city. 
He  made  a  whaling  voyage  and  on  his 
return,  when  nearing  home,  while  engaged 


XXX 


PRINTERS  AND  PRINTING  IN  PROVIDENCE 


in  firing  a  salute,  by  a  premature  dis- 
charge o'  the  cannon  lie  lost  both  hands. 
During  the  remainler  o  his  li^e  he  wore 
artificial  hands.  Notwithstanding  his  in- 
firmity, he  was  very  successful  in  busi- 
ness. A  cataract  deprived  him  of  sight 
a  few  years  before  his  death. 

HUGH  DRUMM — Died  Providence  Nov. 
7,  1901;  learned  stereotyping  on  the  Morn- 
ing Star  ;  initiated  into  Providence  Union 
Feb.  26,  1889. 

J.  H.  DUFFY  —  Came  to  Providence 
from  England  in  1886  and  worked  on  the 
Star  until  March,  1887,  when  he  returned 
to  England.  Later  he  went  into  the  hotel 
business  in  Manchester,   Eng. 

ANDREW  J.  DUGGAN — Born  Niagara 
Falls.  Ont.,  March  24,  1865  ;  learned  the 
printing  trade  on  the  News  at  St.  Cath- 
arines, Ont.,  beginning  in  1881,  and  is  at 
present  located  in  Worcester,  Mass.  He 
says :  "Arrived  in  Providence  with  P.  J. 
Coogan  on  the  day  Rhode  Island  voted 
for    prohibition,    and    it    was    raining    like 

.     Worked    on    Star,    Item,    Telegram 

and  Evening  Call.  Left  after  the  Tele- 
gram strike  in  1889."  His  card  was  re- 
ceived April,  1886. 

WILLIAM  W.  DUNHAM — In  partner- 
ship with  T.  A.  Foster  he  founded  the 
Providence  Phenix,  May  11,  1802  ;  was 
editor  of  the  Phenix  the  second  year, 
after  which  it  was  purchased  by  William 
Olney  ;  May  24,  1806,  Mr.  Dunham  issued 
proposals  for  printing  a  weekly  paper  in 
New  Bedford,  The  Gazette;  in  1816  he 
resided  in  Zanesville,  Ohio. 

ALBERT  B.  DUNWELL — Born  Derby, 
Conn.,  Oct.  8,  1862  ;  learned  printing  at 
Ansonia,  Conn.,  beginning  in  1876;  admit- 
ted to  Providence  Union  by  card  Decem- 
ber, 1905  ;  was  a  participant  in  the  eight- 
hour  strike  of  1906. 

JAMES  P.  DUNWELL  —  Name  in 
Directory  as  printer  in  1836;  in  1874  as 
music  teacher  and  1856  as  organist.  He 
read  proof  in  .iob  office  of  Knowles, 
Anthony  &  Co.  for  many  years  ;  died  in 
1891,  aged  79  years. 

W.  N.  DURAND — Admitted  to  Provi- 
dence Union  by  card  Nov.  11,  1871  ;  was 
well  known  in  the  central  part  of  Connec- 
ticut ;   now  supposed  to  be  dead. 

SARAH  G.  DUFFRY — Born  Newport 
Oct.  7,  1870  ;  learned  printing  in  office  of 
Newport  Daily  News ;  worked  in  Woon- 
socket  and  on  the  Providence  News ;  is 
employed  in  the  latter  office  at  present  as 
a  linotype  operator ;  initiated  into  Provi- 
dence Union  July  25,   1897. 

JAMES  F.  DUVALLY  —  Born  Fall 
River,  Mass.,  Oct.  5,  187.3;  learned  print- 
ing in  that  city ;  worked  in  Providence 
two  years  in  1900-1901  at  Snow  &  Karn- 
ham's  and  on  the  Telegram;  itiltiati'<l  hito 
Providence  Union  Feb.  2  1.  1901  ;  now 
employed  on   the   Boston    Herald. 


JOHN  J.  DUVALLY — Born  Fall  River, 
Mass.,  Jan.  14,  1870;  learned  printing  on 
the  News  in  that  city,  beginning  in  1887  ; 
admitted  to  Providence  Union  by  card 
June  26,  1892  ;  foreman  Newport  Herald 
in  1892  ;  participated  in  the  struggle  for 
eight  hours  in  1906  ;  now  located  in  New 
York  city. 

DANIEL  J.  DWYER — Born  Providence 
in  1866  ;  began  to  learn  printing  in  Jour- 
nal composing  room  in  1882  ;  initiated 
into  No.  33  October,  1886  ;  for  a  number 
of  years  had  charge  of  mailing  room  of 
Journal ;  now  superintendent  circulation 
department  of  Tribune. 

JOHN  H.  DWYER — Learned  printing 
on  Evening  Bulletin  ;  initiated  into  Provi- 
dence Union  Jan.  29,  1893  ;  worked  as 
linotype  operator  on  Bulletin  until  March, 
1906  ;   now  on  Evening  Tribune. 

JOHN  J.  DWYER  (a) — Died  Provi- 
dence July  13,  1892,  aged  39  years;  began 
work  in  the  Journal  pressroom  in  1883, 
and  in  July,  1886,  became  foreman,  suc- 
ceeding John  Holiday,  who  had  been 
pressman  since  December,  1848,  when 
S.  S.  Wilson  retired;  May  17,  1888,  Mr. 
Dwyer  was  initiated  into  Providence 
Typographical  Union,  but  at  the  time  of 
death  was  a  member  of  Boston  Press- 
men's Union  ;  in  the  State  militia  he  rose 
to  be  captain  of  Co.  B,  5th  Bat.  Inf. 

JOHN  J.  DWYER  (b) — Born  Provi- 
dence in  1872  ;  learned  printing  on  Jour- 
nal, beginning  in  1893  ;  became  a  member 
of  No.  33  June  27,  1897  ;  now  linotype 
operator  on  Journal. 

OLIVER  DYER — Died  Windham,  Conn., 
Friday.  March  10,  1809,  in  the  28th  year 
of  his  age  ;  he  had  been  a  printer,  resid- 
ing in  Providence,  according  to  the  Ameri- 
can of  March  14,  1809. 

Initiated  Into  Providence   Union  on  Dates 
Named: 

WILLIAM  DAME,   Oct.    10.   1868. 

BENJ.    DAVIS.    Aug.    12,    1871. 

JOHN   DIO,    March   31,    1901. 

CHARLES  EDWIN  DOBSON,  Feb.  26. 
1893. 

FREDERICK  M.  DOBSON,  Feb.  26, 
1893. 

S.   K.   DOLPHIN,   Dec.   18,   1892. 

J.  H.  DONNELLY,  Aug.  29,   1886. 

MICHAEL  DONNELLY,  April  11.1863. 
Probably  served  in  Cos.  B  and  F,  2d  R.  I., 
during  Civil   War. 

JOSEPH    F.    DOYLE,    April    8.    1883. 

JAMES   DUFFY,   March  28,   1897. 

JAMES  J.   DUFFY,   May   17,   1888. 

TIKRBKRT  M.  DUNHAM,  Dec.  11, 
1SG9. 

WILLIAM  A.  DYER,  April  5.  1888. 

Admitted   by   Card  on  Dates  Named: 

W.   H.   DAVIDSON.   Oct.    30,    1892. 
B.    F.   DAVIS,    Feb.    26,    1893. 
I).    W.    DIOAN,   October.    1886. 
J.   M.   DEAN,   March   27,    1884. 


THE  JOURNEYMEN 


XXXI 


B.   DETWILER,   June,    1887. 

W.  J.  DICKSON,  August,  1886;  July, 
1888 

JAMES  DIXON,  April,   1888. 

JAMES  A.  DOHERTY,  Montreal  card, 
Nov.    9,    1872. 

JOHN  F.   DONNELLY,  April,   1884. 

W.   F.  DOUGLAS,  Dec.   14,   1872. 

EDWARD  J.  DOUTNEY,  Nov.   11,  1871. 

JOHN  D.  DOYLE,  Aug.  13,  1870  ; 
August,    1888. 

T.  T.  J.  DOYLE,  Boston  card,  July  8, 
1871. 

WILLIAM    S.    DRAKE,  November,  1887. 

THOMAS  DUBE,  May   30,   1897. 

K.  J.  DUFFIN,  May  28,   1884. 

WALTER  DUNKERLY,    Dec.    18,    1892. 

M.   C.   DUNN,   September,    1886. 
■  JOHN   DUNPHY,    March   27,    1884. 
.  MERTON  A.   DUMPHY,   Aug.   28,    1898. 

Printers   Knoivn    to    Have    Worked   Here: 

JOHN  P.  DAVIS  —  Charter  member 
1857. 

JOSEPH  DeBARTHE  —  Member  in 
1877. 

D.  DOLAND — Worked  on  Journal  in 
1851. 

WILLIAM  DUFF — Directory,   1844. 

HARRY  DUGAN  — Worked  at  R.  I. 
Printing  Co.   in   80's. 

LOUIS  H.  DeCRANBY,  Hartford  card. 
May  11,   1872. 

WILLIAM  EAGAN— Born  1871  ;  learned 
printing  in  New  Haven,  Conn.,  beginning 
in  1889;  worked  in  New  Hampshire;  ap- 
plied for  admission  to  Providence  Union 
in  December,  1899  ;  worked  on  the  News. 

CHARLES  E.  EARL  —  Admitted  to 
Providence  Union  by  card  Feb.  10,  1872  ; 
worked  on  the  Journal  until  1875  ;  then 
removed  to  Norwich,  Conn.  ;  I.  T.  U.  dele- 
gate from  Norwich  in  1879. 

FRANKLIN  PIERCE  EDDY  —  Died 
Providence,  March  11,  1901,  and  was 
buried  in  Pocasset  Cemetery  ;  learned 
printing  at  A.  Crawford  Greene's  ;  initi- 
ated into  Providence  LTnion  July  13,  1872  ; 
delegate  to  I.  T.  U.  in  1891  ;  also  financial 
secretary  for  several  years  ;  worked  mostly 
on  the  Journal,  the  last  years  of  his  life 
as  proofreader. 

JOSEPH  EHRLICH — Born  Lodz,  Rus- 
sian Poland,  in  1884  ;  learned  printing 
there,  beginning  in  1S95  ;  participated  in 
effort  for  eight-hour  day  in  1906  ;  now 
located  in  Providence. 

JOHN  E.  ELLIOTT — In  1844  worked  in 
Providence  at  41  Market  square  and  in 
1850  kept  an  intelligence  office  at  12 
Exchange  street.  The  Journal  of  Sept.  23, 
1863,  contained  the  following:  "John  E. 
Elliott,  who  was  formerly  employed  in 
this  city  as  a  printer  and  whose  wife  now 
resides  in  Pawtucket,  is  said  to  have  been 
captured  at  Port  Hudson  as  colonel  of  an 
Alabama  regiment." 


EDWIN  H.  ELLIS — Applied  for  admis- 
sion to  Norwood  (Mass.)  Union  in  Janu- 
ary, 1902  ;  born  in  1876  ;  learned  printing 
at  Ryder  &  Dearth's  and  J.  A.  &  R.  A. 
Reid's,  Providence,  and  had  worked  in 
Pawtucket ;  in  1904  he  was  employed  on 
the  Cincinnati  Commercial  Tribune. 

JAMES  H.  ELSBREE — Born  Newport, 
R.  I.,  where  he  also  learned  printing;  he 
was  employed  on  the  Providence  Journal 
in  November,  1857,  and  from  that  time 
until  his  death,  which  occurred  in  Boston, 
worked  on  most  of  the  newspapers  in  this 
city,  Boston  and  Norwich,  Conn.  ;  he  was 
a  member  of  No.  33  before  1865.  When 
a  youth  Mr.  Elsbree  made  a  voyage  in  a 
merchant  ship  around  the  world,  sailing 
from  Newport.  Served  in  3d  R.  I.  Heavy 
Artillery  during  the  Civil  War.  Brother 
of  William  F.  Elsbree. 

WILLIAM  F.  ELSBREE — Born  New- 
port, R.  I.,  May  14,  1844  ;  learned  print- 
ing at  E.  L.  Freeman's  office  in  Central 
Falls,  beginning  in  1863  ;  was  foreman  of 
the  Norwich  Advertiser  for  a  short  time ; 
worked  in  Providence  on  the  Herald,  Press, 
Star  and  Journal,  and  was  best  known  as 
"the  Distributor ;"  initiated  into  No.  33 
April  13,  1867  ;  worked  in  Boston  on  the 
Herald  and  Globe ;  at  present  employed 
on  the  Globe.  Mr.  Elsbree  is  an  accom- 
plished vocalist  and  was  for  about  15 
years  on  the  musical  stage — two  seasftns 
with  Barlow,  Primrose  &  West's  Min- 
strels, nine  weeks  with  Boston  Museum 
Operatic  Co.  and  six  weeks  with  the 
Bijou.  He  is  a  brother  of  James  H. 
Elsbree. 

EDWARD  A.  EMERY  —  Born  South 
Yarmouth,  Mass.,  Sept.  18,  1872  ;  learned 
printing  trade  in  office  of  Eastern  Adv. 
Co.  of  Pawtucket,  beginning  in  1888;  be- 
came member  of  Providence  Union  Sept. 
29,  1901  ;  now  ad  man  on  the  Evening 
Bulletin. 

VIRGILIO  ESCOBAR  —  Born  Azores 
Islands  May  13,  1881  ;  learned  printing  at 
Azores,  beginning  1895  ;  worked  in  this 
city  since  1904  ;  joined  effort  for  the  eight- 
hour  day  August,  1906. 

DAVID  EVANS — Born  Alloway,  N.  J., 
Aug.  28,  1853  ;  learned  trade  on  Salem 
(N.  J.)  Standard;  in  1890  had  charge  of 
the  advertisements  on  Providence  Tele- 
gram;  in  the  spring  of  1892  took  charge 
of  Wm.  R.  Brown's  plant,  45  Eddy  street, 
remaining  there  four  years,  and  with 
the  assistance  of  P.  H.  Quinn  union- 
ized the  office ;  started  in  job  print- 
ing business  Sept.  16,  1895,  and  continued 
a  master  printer  for  about  three  years ; 
in  that  time  had  for  partners  P.  W.  Card, 
M.  G.  Selbing  and  Franklin  Hussey  ;  later 
worked  on  the  Journal  and  News  in  Provi- 
dence ;  was  business  manager  of  The 
Financial  Inquirer  of  New  York  city ;  in 
1904  superintendent  of  the  New  York 
Labor  News  Co.  ;  now  in  business  in 
Brooklyn,  N.  Y.  ;  initiated  into  Providence 


XXXII 


PRINTERS  AND  PRINTING  IN  PROVIDENCE 


Union   Dec.    18,    1892  ;   was   vice   president 
and  also  recording  secretary. 

D.  OTIS  EVANS — Born  Seymour,  Conn., 
Marcli  5,  1875  ;  began  to  learn  printing  on 
tlie  Pliiladelphia  Sunday  Dispatch  in  1888, 
and  finislied  on  the  Providence  Telegram  ; 
initiated  into  Providence  Union  Jan.  29, 
1893  ;  worked  on  the  News,  Telegram  and 
Evening  Bulletin  in  Providence  and  in 
most  of  the  large  cities  east  of  Chicago ; 
vice  president  of  No.  33  in  1905. 

Initiated  Into  Providence   Union  on  Dates 
Named: 

CHARLES  K.  ENGEL,  Feb.  26,   1893. 
WILLIAM   ETCHBLLS,   April   29,    1888. 
(Pressman.) 
MABEL  F.  EVANS,  May  29,  1892. 

Admitted   by   Card  on  Dates  Named: 

THOMAS  EAGIN,  Boston,  Nov.  13,  1869. 
H.  C.  EARLE,  July  30,  1884. 
H.   E.   EARLE,    Oct.    13,    1874. 

E.  W.  EDWARDS,  April,  1888. 
G.  G.  ESKRIDGE,  Dec.  9,  1871. 
W.  B.  ESTEY,  March  30,  1890. 
GUS  EVANS,  Aug.  27,  1884. 

G.  W.  EVANS,  November,   1886. 

Names  Found  in  Directory : 

SAMUEL  B.  EASTMAN  —  1828  at  15 
Market  square    (Eastman  &  Hall). 

JAMES  ELLIS — 1824-26  at  39  Market 
square;   182  8  at  Canal  Market. 

ISAAC  W.  ENGLAND — 1850  at  24 
Westminster  street;  afterwards  publisher 
New  York  Sun. 

Printers   Known    to    Have    Worked   Here: 

BENJAMIN  F.  EVANS — 1891  publisher 
of  R.  I.  Democrat;  also  published  weekly 
papers  in  Olneyville  and  East  Providence. 

FRANK  F.  EVANS — 1882  to  1886,  when 
he   removed   from   the   city. 

JAMES  H.  FAIRBROTHER  —  Died 
Providence  Dec.  11,  1888,  in  th^  46th  year 
of  his  age  ;  he  was  initiated  into  Provi- 
dence Union  Dec.  10,  1870,  and  continued 
his  membership  until  1878,  when  the  char- 
ter was  surrendered ;  also  a  member  of 
Prescott  Post,  G.  A.  R.,  and  Assistant 
Quartermaster  General  of  Dept.  R.  I.,  G. 
A.  R.  ;  also  member  of  Battery  D,  1st 
R.  I.   Light  Artillery. 

DANIEL  W.  FARNHAM— Died  Provi- 
dence Nov.  4,  1875,  aged  29  years,  of 
typhoid  fever  ;  he  was  initiated  into  Provi- 
dence Union  Jan.  12,  1867  ;  at  time  of 
death  was  employed  in  the  Journal  offlce. 
Unity  Lodge  of  Odd  Fellows  conducted 
the  funeral.  He  was  buried  in  Riverside 
Cemetery.  Mi-.  Furnham  was  a  native  of 
Nantucket,  Mass.,  and  biotlier  of  J.  E.  C. 
Farnham. 

JOSEPH  E.  C.  FARNl  1AM— Born  Nan- 
tucket ;  learned  piinthig  with  A.  Ci'awford 
Greene;  initiated  into  Providence  Union 
Feb.    12,    1870;   wnikod    in   tlu'   book   om.o 


of  the  Providence  Press  Co.  for  many 
years  ;  witli  E.  M.  Snow  he  founded  the 
firm  of  Snow  &  Farnham  and  purchased 
the  book  and  job  business  formerly  owned 
by  the  Providence  Press  Co. 

HENRY  W.  FARRELL — Initiated  into 
Providence  Union  Oct.  31,  1886;  worked 
at  E.  A.  Johnson's  and.  in  Wakefield  ;  now 
practicing  medicine  in  this  city. 

THOMAS  F.  FARRELL — Born  Provi- 
dence May  10,  1880;  learned  printing  on 
the  Telegram,  News  and  Pawtucket 
Times,  finishing  his  apprenticesliip  in 
1900  ;  initiated  into  Providence  Union 
July  28,  1901  ;  has  worked  in  Taunton, 
Boston  and  Brockton ;  now  make-up  on 
the  Evening  Bulletin. 

RICHARD  J.  FAULKNER  —  Born 
Guernsey,  Channel  Islands,  Englanil,  in 
1852  ;  served  a  six  years'  apprenticeship 
in  the  office  of  the  Guernsey  Comet,  be- 
ginning Jan.  5,  1865;  arrived  in  New 
York  city  Sept.  14,  1872,  and  joined  New 
York  Union  in  October  of  the  same  year  ; 
came  to  Providence  in  November,  1880, 
and  worked  in  this  city  2i^  years  on  the 
Star  and  six  years  on  the  Telegram.  Mr. 
Faulkner  was  active  in  the  reorganization 
of  Providence  Union  in  1883.  depositing 
his  card  at  the  first  meeting,  and  was 
elected  President  unanimously  at  the 
meeting  for  permanent  organization,  April 
15,  because  of  the  work  he  had  done  to 
perfect  the  reorganization  ;  was  secretary 
in  1884,  '87  and  '88;  delegate  in  1886, 
and  served  on  various  important  commit- 
tees. Since  leaving  this  city  he  has 
worked  in  Boston,  Brockton  and  New 
York  ;  now  located  in  New  York. 

FRANK  G.  FERRY  —  Born  Chicopee. 
Mass.,  April  12,  1873;  learned  printing  in 
office  of  George  V.  Wheelock,  Chicopee, 
beginning  in  1870;  came  to  Providence  in 
April,  1874.  and  worked  in  vai'ious  book 
and  job  offices  until  1882;  since  1882  Mr. 
Ferry  has  been  with  the  Narragansett 
Times,  at  Wakefield,  R.  I.,  and  during  the 
summer  sea.son  with  the  Daily  Times  at 
Narragansett   Pier. 

A.  E.  FESSENDEN  —  Born  Boston. 
Mass.,  Nov.  9,  1862;  learned  printing  in 
Woburn,  Mass.,  begimiing  in  1  879  ;  worked 
in  Providence  two  weeks  in  1888,  depos- 
iting card  at  the  July  meeting;  in  1904 
was  employed  on  the  New  York  World. 

ALFRED  G.  FIELD  —  Born  at  Port 
Elizabeth,  Soutli  Africa,  March  6,  1868; 
learned  printing  on  tlie  Port  Elizabeth 
Telegrapli.  1S80-1SS5,  after  which  workeil 
in  Melbourne,  Australia,  six  months,  and 
then  sailed  for  the  United  States,  arriv- 
ing here  in  1887;  deposited  travelling 
card  with  Provideiue  I'nion  April  23, 
1S92;  woi-ked  on  the  News  and  at  W.  R. 
Brown's  in  Providence  and  as  Instructor 
of  Printing  on  the  Howard  Times  at  the 
SockanoKset  School  for  Boys  ;  now  em- 
Iild.vcd   (in   tile   I'^voning  Bulletin. 


THE  JOURNEYMEN 


XXXIII 


BARNUM  FIELD  —  Born  Taunton, 
Mass.,  June  11,  1796  ;  died  in  Boston, 
Mass..  May  7,  1851  ;  graduate  Brown 
University  1821;  Aug.  28,  182;?,  to  Sept. 
1,  1825,  publisher  Independent  Inquirer 
in  Providence ;  on  latter  date  sold  the 
Inquirer  to  Journal ;  grammar  school  prin- 
cipal in  Boston,  Alass.  ;  author  School 
Geography. 

CHARLES  H.  FINLEY  —  Born  Provi- 
dence, R.  I.,  June  17,  1875  ;  learned  print- 
ing on  Boston  Traveler,  beginning  in  1887  ; 
admitted  to  Boston  Union  Nov.  27,  1892; 
now  employed  on  Boston  Globe ;  carried 
route  on  Providence  Journal  in  4885-86  ; 
grandson  of  Hon.  Sidney  Dean,  former 
editor  Providence  Evening  Press  and 
Morning  Star. 

THOMAS  F.  FINNEY  —  Born  Consho- 
hocken,  Pa.,  Dec.  5,  1869  ;  learned  print- 
ing in  Recorder  office  in  that  town ; 
worked  throughout  the  East ;  came  to 
Providence  in   1904. 

ERNEST  BERTRAND  FIRTH  —  Born 
Kettering,  England,  March  24,  1874  ; 
learned  printing  with  W.  E.  &  J.  Goss  in 
that  town,  beginning  in  1888  ;  worked  In 
Providence  on  the  Journal  in  1899  ; 
Toronto  Union  was  given  permission  (Oct. 
28,  1900.)  by  No.  33  to  initiate  Bertrand  ; 
in  1906  in  New  York  on  Times. 

E.  W.  FISHER — Born  1870;  learned 
printing  at  Danville,  N.  J.,  beginning  in 
1896;  worked  at  Biddeford,  Me.,  and 
Ophir,  Col.  ;  initiated  into  Providence 
Union  July  28,  1901  ;  in  1904  was  located 
in  Boston. 

WALTER  B.  FISKE — Died  Pawtucket 
May  4,  1874,  in  the  41st  year  of  his  age  ; 
was  initiated  into  Providence  Union  in 
1861,  and  his  name  appears  in  the  circu- 
lar of  1866. 

JOHN  H.  FITZ — Born  Providence  Oct. 
26,  1864,  in  a  building  located  on  the 
present  site  of  the  Journal  building ; 
learned  printing  in  office  of  Evening 
Press,  beginning  in  1880  ;  located  in  New 
York  city  on  the  Herald  since  1883. 

JAMES  O.  FITZGERALD — Born  Provi- 
dence Dec.  3,  1874  ;  learned  printing  at 
Journal  office,  beginning  in  1892  ;  initi- 
ated into  Providence  Union  May  29,  1904  ; 
now  located  in  Manchester,  N.  H. 

MICHAEL  FITZGERALD  —  Born  Ire- 
land ;  learned  stereotyping  on  the  Provi- 
dence Journal ;  initiated  into  Providence 
Union  Dec.  25,  1887  ;  now  employed  on 
Boston  Globe. 

PETER  J.  FITZGERALD — Born  Provi- 
dence July  3,  1855;  began  in  1866,  in  the 
Journal  job  office,  to  learn  the  printing 
trade,  and  worked  in  Providence  until 
1882,  when  he  became  a  merchant;  he 
has  been  Grand  Secretary  of  the  For- 
esters of  America  in  Rhode  Island  for  a 
number  of  years. 


FRANK  FRICHE— Born  Terre  Haute. 
Ind.,  May,  1873  ;  learned  printing  in  ad 
room  of  Terre  Haute  Tribune  ;  admitted 
to  Providence  Union  by  card  May,  1886, 
and  worked  in  this  city  that  summer. 
"Celebrated  the  night  of  31st  of  June, 
last  day  of  license  ;  put  in  a  dry  Fourth 
with  'Gedge'  Hughes  and  Ownie  Hamill 
at  Roger  Williams  Park."  Now  on  Terre 
Haute  Express. 

ALEXANDER  FRICKER — Born  War- 
ren, Mass.,  in  1876;  learned  printing  in 
office  of  Olneyville  Times,  beginning  in 
1894;  was  initiated  into  Providence  Union 
Nov.   25,   1900. 

JAMES  S.  FRIEND  (Bristol  Bill)  — 
Born  Glasgow,  Scotland,  Feb.  16,  1871; 
learned  printing  in  Phoenix  office,  Bris- 
tol, R.  I.,  beginning  in  1887  ;  admitted  to 
Providence  Union  by  card  May  29,  1892  ; 
participated  in  the  effort  for  the  eight- 
hour  day  in  19  06. 

GEORGE  F.  FULLER — Directory,  1847, 
at  29  Market  square  ;  went  to  New  York 
city  and  became  interested  in  the  Mirror 
of  that  city. 

JOHN  FITZPATRICK  —  Born  Fall 
River,  Mass.,  April  9,  1875;  began  to 
learn  printing  on  the  News  of  that  city  in 
1880  ;  worked  in  various  cities  of  New 
England ;  admitted  to  Providence  Union 
by  card  April  27,  1902. 

CHARLES  H.  FLAGLER  —  Born  St. 
John.  N.  B.,  Sept.  25,  1873  ;  initiated  into 
Providence  Union  April  5,  1888.  Supt. 
Charles  Deacon  of  the  Union  Printers' 
Home,  Colorado  Springs,  Col.,  in  a  letter 
dated  Aug.  30,  1904,  furnishes  the  fol- 
lowing: "Mr.  Flagler  was  admitted  from 
Denver  Typographical  Union,  No.  49, 
March  20,  1897,  suffering  with  pulmonary 
tuberculosis.  He  continued  to  fail,  and 
Dec.  30,  1899,  at  the  request  of  his  father, 
we  started  him  home,  accompanied  by  a 
trained  nurse.  When  About  100  miles 
east  of  Chicago  it  became  necessary  to 
call  a  physician  aboard  the  train,  who 
was  unable  to  save  the  sufferer,  and  he 
never  reached  Boston  alive.  The  remains 
were  taken  off  the  train  by  the  nurse, 
properly  prepared  for  burial,  and  taken  to 
Boston,   where  interment  was  made." 

EDWARD  L.  FLANAGAN — Died  New 
York  city  ;  admitted  to  Providence  Union 
by  card  Feb.  27.  1884  ;  worked  for  sev- 
eral years  on  the  Providence  Journal. 

GEORGE  WILLIAM  FLYNN  —  Born 
Providence  Aug.  4,  1855;  learned  print- 
ing in  George  H.  Whitney's  job  office,  be- 
ginning in  1869  ;  afterward  worked  for 
Reynolds  &  Mackinnon  and  on  the  Eve- 
ning Telegram  ;  in  New  York  city  from 
1886  to  1889;  in  Pawtucket  for  two  years 
on  the  Evening  Times,  and  has  been  fore- 
man of  the  Providence  Visitor  ;  now  em- 
ployed in  proofroom  of  Providence  Jour- 
nal ;  obligated  at  the  first  meeting  of  the 
reorganized  Union,  April  8,  1883,  and  his 
name  is  on  the  charter. 


XXXIV 


PRINTERS  AND  PRINTING  IN  PROVIDENCE 


GEORGE  M.  FORBES — Killed  by  a 
trolley  car  in  Crawford,  N.  J..  Oct.  19, 
1906,  aged  about  60  years;  had  been  em- 
ployed by  the  Standard  Printing  Co.  of 
this  city. 

ALEXANDER  W.  FORSYTH  —  Born 
Providence,  R.  I..  Feb.  4,  1850,  and  died 
here  June  20,  1887;  initiated  into  Provi- 
dence Union  Dec.  11,  1869,  and  worked  on 
the  Herald,  Press,  Star  and  Journal.  He 
was  a  member  of  the  United  Train  of 
Artillery. 

WILLIAM  FOSTER  —  Died  Warwick, 
R.  I.  ;  initiated  into  Providence  Union 
June  20,  1857;  secretary  1858,  '59,  '60  and 
'61  ;  reporter  on  Evening  Press  in  the 
70's  ;  candidate  for  Governor  of  the  State 
on  Greenback  ticket  1877-'7S  ;  for  sevei-al 
years  had  charge  of  the  city  wood  yard 
in  Providence. 

ROBERT  FOULKES  —  Born  Manches- 
ter, England,  Sept.  7,  1873  ;  learned  print- 
ing with  Dean  &  Co.,  Stockport,  England, 
beginning  1889  ;  came  to  Providence  Au- 
gust. 1893  ;  worked  on  Telegram,  News- 
Democrat  and  Evening  Tribune  ;  initiated 
into  Providence  Union  Sept.   29,   1901. 

EDWARD  LIVINGSTON  FREEMAN— 
Born  Waterville,  Me.,  Sept.  10,  1835  ;  died 
Central  Falls,  Feb.  25,  1907  ;  began  to 
learn  printing  in  the  office  of  A.  W. 
Pearce,  Pawtucket,  R.  I.,  in  June,  1850; 
worked  in  Providence  from  1854  to  1863, 
in  the  office  of  Hammond,  Angell  &  Co., 
and  was  part  owner  for  a  time.  In  1863 
he  removed  to  Central  Falls  and  estab- 
lished the  printing  office  of  E.  L.  Freeman 
&  Sons.  The  firm  has  done  a  very  large 
business  and  since  1877  all  of  the  official 
printing  of  the  State.  Mr.  Freeman  was 
a  member  of  the  Legislature  for  nearly 
25  years  and  was  Railroad  Commissioner 
from  1888  until  his  death.  He  published 
the  Central  Falls  Weekly  Visitor  for  21 
years.  He  was  elected  a  member  of 
Providence  Typographical  Union  at  its 
first  meeting,  April  18,  1857,  but  never 
qualified  by  signing  the  constitution,  going 
to  Washington,  D.  C,  to  work  before  the 
next  meeting.  He  had  a  splendid  reputa- 
tion among  printers  for  his  liberality  to 
his  employes  and  fair  dealing.  In  the 
Masonic  order  he  had  held  nearly  every 
position  of  importance  in  the  State. 

RALPH  FRKEMAN— Born  Central 
Falls,  R.  I.,  Feb.  8,  1877;  learned  print- 
ing at  E.  L.  Freeman  &  Sons,  l)eginning 
in  1881  ;  admitted  to  Providence  Union 
Ijy  card  at  the  October  nieeting,  1905  ; 
Iiarticipated  in  the  effort  for  the  eight- 
hour  day  in  1906. 

Initiated  Into  Providence   Union  on  Dates 
Named  : 

JOHN  P.  FALLON  (pre.ssman),  Sept. 
2  8.    1890. 

CHARLIOS  W.  FARNHAM,  Dec.  8,  1S(!«. 
SAMUEL  C.  FARRON,  March  28,   1886. 


JOHN  W.   FIFE,  June   12,   1858. 
LUKE  H.  FLOOD,  April  29,  1888. 
J.   H.   FOLEY.  Jan.   31,  1897. 
MILTON  C.   FOSS.  July   11.   1863. 
JOHN  FRATER,  April  29,   1893. 
DANIEL  B.  FULLER,  June  24,  1888. 
FRANK  E.   FULLER.  Feb.  26,   1893. 

Admitted   hy   Card   on   Dates  Named: 

R.  V.   FAIRLAMB,  March  27,   1884. 

C.  A.  FALLBR,  April  15,  1883.  Re- 
ported dead. 

THOMAS  J.   FALLON,   February,    1886. 

HENRY  M.   FARNHAM.   October,   1873. 

JOHN  P.   FARNHAM,  Oct.   27,   1895. 

JOSEPH  P.  FAR  WELL,   Sept.   30,   1883. 

J.    F.    FEDRO,    Aug.    27,    1884. 

R.   S.   FERGUSON.   February,   1886. 

CHARLES   FEUCHTER,   July   10.    1870. 

F.  W.   FINLBY,  June,   1886. 

T.  FINNEY,  June  26,  1904. 

EDWIN  FITZGERALD,  August,  1886  ; 
November,  1888. 

J.   N.   FITZGERALD,   April  22,   1883. 

SAMUEL  FLEMING,  May  8,   1869. 

OWEN  FLOOD,  Dec.   14,  1872. 

MICHAEL  D.   FLYNN,  July,   1888. 

M.  FLYNN,  October,  1886. 

E.   P.   FRANK,   June,   1886. 

ISAAC  FREUDENTHAL,  January,  1887. 

J.  J.  FULLERTON,  August,  1886. 

FRANK  L.   FOSMIRE,  October,   1883. 

Names  Found  in  Directory : 

PATRICK  H.  FANNING — 1863  to  1870. 

M.    F.    FARRELL — 1860. 

WILLIAM  FISHER — 1859. 

JAMES  F.  FORSYTH — 1841  ;  worked  at 
Journal  office. 

HENRY  W.  FOSDICK — 1844  ;  worked 
over  15   Market  square. 

Printers   Known    to    Have    Worked    Here: 

ORRA  H.  FELLOWS — Name  in  1870 
constitution. 

THOMAS  FITZPATRICK  —  Learned 
trade  in  Providence  ;  worked  at  Alber- 
type  Co. 

J.  HARRY  FOSTER  —  Born  in  New 
York  and  learned  trade  there  ;  worked  in 
Providence. 

E.  H.  FRICKER— Born  in  1875  ;  learned 
printing  in  Olneyville. 

EZEKIKL  C.  GARDINER — Born  E.\e- 
ter,  R.  1..  Feb.  1,  1839.  When  15  years 
old  lie  came  to  Providence  and  began  an 
ai)prenticeship  to  the  printing  ti-ade  in 
the  office  of  A.  Crawford  Greene,  with 
whom  he  remained  five  years.  Later  he 
went  to  North  Attleboro  to  work,  where 
he  remained  two  years,  when  he  again 
returned  to  Providence  to  re-enter  the 
employ  of  Mr.  Greene.  At  the  outbreak 
of  tlie  Civil  war  he  enlisted  in  Co.  D, 
2d  R.  I.  Vols.  After  28  months  in  the 
Held  he  became  ill,  and  on  his  recovery 
was  put  into  the  invalid  corps,  serving 
foi'  some  time  as  clerk  in  the  hospital  at 
Portsmouth  (Jrove,  R.  I.  He  was  hon- 
orably    discharged    at    Fort     Wood,     New 


THE  JOURNEYMEN 


XXXV 


York  harbor,  June  6,  1864.  After  his  dis- 
charge from  the  army  he  entered  the 
mill  business  for  a  while  at  Ashaway, 
R.  I.  He  soon  returned  to  his  trade  as 
printer,  and  was  initiated  into  Provi- 
dence Union  Aug.  13,  1864.  He  then 
went  to  Fall  River  to  assist  S.  Angier 
Chace  in  printing  the  Fall  River  Monitor. 
In  1865  he  removed  to  New  Bedford, 
where  he  died  Aug.  10,  1901.  He  was 
employed  on  the  Evening  Standard  for 
a  period  of  25  years.  He  served  the  city 
of  New  Bedford  as  Councilman  and 
Alderman,  and  for  two  years  was  Chief 
of  Police,  and  later  a  member  of  the 
Board  of  Overseers  of  the  Poor.  He 
was  a  Past  Master  of  Star  in  the  East 
Masonic  Lodge,  a  member  of  Adoniram 
Royal  Arch  Chapter  and  a  Past  Com- 
mander of  Sutton  Commandery.  He  was 
also  a  member  of  Post  190,  G.  A.  R.,  and 
a  charter  member  of  the  New  Bedford 
Printers'  Benefit  Association  and  chair- 
man of  the  board  of  trustees  of  Bay 
State  Lodge,  N.  E.  O.  P.,  for  many  years. 

PHILIP  GILLARD  GAIR — Born  To- 
ronto, Can.,  June  20,  1869  ;  learned  print- 
ing on  the  Advance  at  Dutton.  Ontario, 
Can.  ;  worked  in  Providence  from  July  6, 
1893,  to  Feb.  13,  1901;  two  years  on  the 
News  and  five  years  on  the  Telegram ; 
also  was  in  the  job  printing  business  at 
741  Westminster  street  for  a  while  with 
Fred  A.  Manson ;  initiated  into  Los 
Angeles  Union  in  1902  ;  in  1905  was 
located  at  Santa  Barbara,  Cal. 

MICHAEL  GARVEY  —  Admitted  to 
Providence  Union  by  card  at  the  Novem- 
ber meeting,  1905  ;  came  out  of  the 
Standard  Printing  Co.  Jan.  1,  1906,  for 
the  eight-hour  day  ;  left  the  city  shortly 
after. 

HOWARD  P.  GATLEY  —  Born  Port- 
land, Me.,  Feb.  17,  1883  ;  learned  print- 
ing in  Portland,  beginning  in  189  8  ; 
worked  in  Providence  in  December,  1903  ; 
in   1904   was   located   in   Washington,  D.  C. 

HARRY  E.  GATRELL— Born  at  Ford- 
ingbridge,  England,  and  learned  printing 
trade  there  ;  worked  in  Providence  from 
1892  to  1906  ;  for  several  years  was  fore- 
man of  the  Evening  Telegrttm ;  initiated 
into  Providence  Union  Feb.   24,   1901. 

CHARLES  C.  GAUVIN  —  Born  Ste. 
Rosalie,  P.  Q.,  Sept.  29,  1862;  learned 
printing  on  a  French  newspaper  in  Woon- 
socket ;  worked  in  Providence  for  about 
one  year  in  1881  ;  since  then  has  lived  in 
Woonsocket ;  eight  years  in  job  offices, 
seven  years  with  Evening  Reporter,  five 
years  manager  of  La  Tribune,  and  four 
years  as  an  insurance  broker ;  repre- 
sented Woonsocket  three  years  in  the 
Common  Council  and  three  years  in  the 
General  Assembly. 

THOMAS  CARLETON  GAWLEY  — 
Born  Chatham,  Ont..  Feb.  24,  1850; 
learned   printing   in    that    town,    beginning 


in  1863  ;  admitted  to  Providence  Union  by 
card  Aug.  13,  1870;  worked  in  this  city 
on  the  Morning  Herald  in  1870  and  1872, 
and  on  the  Journal  in  1881.  In  1904  he 
wrote :  "Having  worked  all  over  the 
United  States,  Canada  and  Mexico,  I  can 
truthfully  say  that  Providence,  in  tlie 
early  70's,  was  the  ideal  town  for  'birds 
of  passage.'  "  For  the  last  ten  years  of 
his  life  he  was  a  proofreader  on  the 
New  York  Herald.  He  died  in  New  York 
city  June   25,    1905. 

E.  F.  GBBHARDT — Died  at  Syracuse, 
N.  Y.,  April  18,  1898,  aged  34  years;  he 
visited  Texas  in  Februray  of  1898  for  the 
benefit  of  his  health  ;  admitted  to  Provi- 
dence Union  by  card  Feb.  27,  1884. 

ROBERT  H.  GEBHARDT — Born  New 
York  city  Feb.  25,  1878;  learned  printing 
on  the  New  York  Weekly,  beginning  in 
June,  1892  ;  worked  in  Providence  on  the 
News  in  1898.  "The  two  features  I  en- 
joyed while  in  Providence  were  the  shore 
dinners  and  good  fellowship  of  the  mem- 
bers of  No.  33."  Located  in  New  York 
city  in   1904. 

FAYETTE  U.  GBER  —  Initiated  into 
Providence  Union  May  17,  1888;  Presi- 
dent of  Pawtucket  Union  in  1898;  Presi- 
dent Providence  Union  in  1904,  but  did 
not  finish  term,  going  to  Boston,  where 
he  has  since  been  employed  on  the  Globe 
as  a  linotype  operator. 

JOSEPH  GERHARDT  —  Born  East 
Providence  Jan.  7,  1887;  learned  printing 
in  office  of  Providence  Journal,  beginning 
Feb.  16,  1903;  initiated  into  Providence 
Union  at  February  meeting,  1907  ;  night 
linotype  operator  on  Journal. 

WILLIAM  J.  GHENT  —  Born  Frank- 
fort, Ind.  ;  began  to  learn  printing  in  that 
town  August,  1879  ;  worked  in  Providence 
May-November,  1884,  on  Star  and  Press; 
April-June,  1886,  on  Star  and  Telegram, 
on  both  visits  depositing  a  card  with  No. 
33.  Mr.  Ghent  is  now  secretary  of  Rand 
School  of  Social  Science,  New  York  city, 
and  also  lecturer.  He  is  the  author  of 
"A  Benevolent  Feudalism,"  "Mass  and 
Class"   and  other  works. 

EZRA  GIFFORD — Born  1871  ;  began  to 
learn  printing  in  Providence  in  1886; 
initiated  into  Providence  Union  Dec.  28, 
1900  ;   now  located   in   Boston. 

DAVID  L.  GILBERT  —  Born  Andes, 
N.  Y.,  May  15,  1856;  learned  printing  at 
Delhi,  N.  Y.,  on  the  Gazette,  beginning 
in  1873;  his  home  was  in  Albany,  N.  Y.. 
for  about  27  years,  but  worked  also  in 
the  New  England  States,  New  York  and 
New  Jersey  ;  first  came  to  Providence  in 
1900  ;  admitted  by  card  from  Rutland 
(Vt. )  Union  in  January,  1906,  during  the 
strike. 

WILLIAM  E.  GILLESPIE — Born  Pic- 
tou,  N.  S.  ;  died  Boston,  Mass.,  Dec.  3. 
1906,  aged  48  years;  learned  printing  on 


XXXVI 


PRINTERS  AND  PRINTING  IN  PROVIDENCE 


Pictou  Standard,  beginning  in  1872;  ad- 
mitted to  Providence  Union  by  card  July 
30,  1884;  worked  about  six  months  on 
Journal ;  last  five  years  of  his  life  he  was 
employed  on  the   Boston  Post. 

MARTIN  F.  GILLOON — Born  Boston 
March  16,  1862;  learned  printing  at  Rand 
&  Avery's,  Boston,  beginning  in  1878; 
initiated  into  Providence  Union  Dec.  26, 
1883;  died  in  Chattanooga,  Tenn.,  March 
10,    1907,   of   tuberculosis. 

SABINO  GIORDANO — Born  Italy  Nov. 
27,  1871  ;  learned  printing  in  his  native 
country  ;  was  a  member  of  Chicago  Union, 
No.  16,  in  1893,  and  of  New  York  Italian 
Branch,  No.  261,  in  1897  ;  has  been  in 
Providence  since  1838;  was  initiated  into 
Providence  Union  May  27,  1900;  at  pres- 
ent employed  at  Livermore  &  Knight's. 

BENJAMIN  L.  GLASBY  —  Name  in 
Directory  1844-'47,  former  year  at  Daily 
Gazette  office ;  enlisted  in  .5th  R.  I.  H. 
Artillery  Oct.  16.  1861,  Corporal  of  Co. 
E;  Jan.  30.  1863,  discharged  for  disa- 
bility; in  1859  vice  president  New  York 
Union,   No.    6. 

HARRY  G.  GLASBY  —  Born  West 
Chester,  Pa.,  Aug.  24,  1862;  learned  to 
operate  linotype  machine  in  the  office  of 
Providence  Journal,  Vjeginning  in  1889, 
and  has  worked  in  that  office  since  ;  be- 
came  member  of  No.   33   Jan.    29,   1893. 

ALFRED  W.  GLEASON — Born  Man- 
<-hester,  Conn.,  March  29,  1855  ;  learned 
printing  on  the  Hartford  Courant,  begin- 
ning Dec.  2,  1871  ;  initiated  into  Provl- 
<lence  Union  Dec.  18,  1892;  was  for  six 
months  foreman  of  the  Meriden  Republi- 
can ;  also  worked  on  the  Springfield  Re- 
publican ;  at  present  located  in  Woon- 
socket. 

MALVFRN  E.  GLEASON — Born  March 
27,  1863,  at  Thompson,  Conn.;  learned 
pi-inting  in  Danielson,  Conn.,  beginning  in 
1877;  initiated  into  Providence  Union 
March  27,  1887,  and  worked  at  the  busi- 
ness in  thi.s  city  from  Jime  17,  1882,  to 
July  24,  1888;  has  since  been  connected 
with  F.  A.  Chase  &  Co.,  mill  supplies,  in 
this  city. 

OWEN  M.  GLBDHILL — Born  Woon- 
socket  and  died  there  June  6,  1888,  aged 
28  years,  11  months  and  25  days;  initi- 
ated into  Providence  ITnion  Ai)ril  8,  1883; 
financial  secretary  in  1886-'87  ;  worked  on 
Evening  Telegram. 

WILLIAM  GODDARD  —  The  first 
printer  to  establish  that  trade  in  Provi- 
dence, was  born  in  New  London,  Conn., 
in  174  0.  the  son  of  Dr.  Giles  Goddard 
and  Kai-ah  Updike.  On  his  mother's  sid(^ 
his  ancestry  extended  back  to  the  first 
.settlers  of  Rhode  Island  and  Connecti- 
cut. Lodowyck,  her  father,  was  the  son 
of  Gysbcrt  Opdyck.  the  Dutch  commander 
of  Fort  Ilof)!'  at  Hartford,  Conn.,  in  1638, 
and    (,'atheiine,    wife    of    Gysbert,    was    a 


daughter  of  Richard  Smith,  2d,  whose 
father,  in  1639.  purchased  30.000  acres 
of  land  from  Narragansett  sachems.  The 
purchase  included  "all  the  land  on  the 
west  side  of  Narragansett  bay,  north  of 
Annatiuatucket  river,  east  of  the  'Pequot 
path'  and  south  of  Allen's  harbor."  Upon 
this  tract,  called  "Cocumscussuc,"  the 
first  Richard  Smith  erected  a  block 
house  for  trading  with  the  Indians.  At 
this  block  house  the  expedition  that  de- 
feated the  Indians  in  the  Great  Swamp 
fight  rendezvoused,  and  to  it  the  rem- 
nants of  that  party  returned  after  the 
victory  over  the  savages.  William  God- 
dard, through  the  influence  of  his  mother, 
served  an  apprenticeship  to  the  printing 
trade  in  the  office  of  James  Parker  in 
New  York  city.  His  father  had  been 
postmaster  in  New  London,  and  possibly 
that  experience  was  the  means  of  attract- 
ing Mrs.  Goddard's  attention  to  the  print- 
•  ing  craft,  as  many  of  the  postmasters 
of  those  days  were  also  printers.  About 
the  1st  of  July.  1762,  Goddard  opened 
his  printing  office  in  Providence,  and  in 
October  following  issued  the  first  num- 
ber of  the  Gazette.  After  a  short  expe- 
rience he  abandoned  the  enterprise  and 
went  to  New  York  city  to  work  at  his 
trade  as  a  journeyman  printer.  He  was 
an  ardent  Revolutionary  patriot.  It  was 
at  that  time  that  the  following  incident 
described  in  "Hudson's  Journalism  in  the 
United   States"    took  place : 

"There  was  published  in  Burlington, 
N.  J.,  Saturday,  Sept.  21,  1765.  a  paper 
under  the  title  of  the  Constitutional 
Courant.  It  was  printed  by  'Andrew 
Marvel,  at  the  sign  of  the  bribe  refused, 
on  Constitution  Hill,  North  America.' 
The  real  printer  was  William  Goddard. 
With  its  title  it  had  for  a  device  a  cut 
representing  a  snake  divided  into  eight 
parts,  each  part  denoting  a'  section  or 
colony — the  head  and  neck  representing 
New  England  and  the  body  New  York, 
New  Jersey,  Pennsylvania,  Maryland, 
Virginia,  North  Carolina  and  South  Caro- 
lina, with  the  motto  :     'Join  or  Die.' 

"The  Constitutional  Courant  was  sold 
in  the  streets  of  New  York  and  produced 
a  sensation.  It  was  noticed  by  the  Gov- 
ernment. There  was  a  'council  of  war' 
on  the  paper."  One  of  the  'newsboys'  of 
that  time,  Samuel  Sweeney — there  are 
many  of  that  name  nowadays — on  being 
asked  by  the  council  'where  that  incendi- 
ary paper  was  printed,  answered,  'At 
Peter  Hassenclever's  Iron  Works,  please 
your  honor.'  " 

Goddard  started  the  Pennsylvania 
Chi'onicle  and  Universal  .Advertiser  in 
IMiil.ideliihia  in  1767.  In  August,  1773. 
in  Baltimore,  he  stai'ted  tlie  Marylantl 
.liiuinal  and  Baltimore  Advertiser.  At 
one  time  after  the  Revolution  he  held  the 
position  of  Surveyor  General  of  Post 
Roads  from  the  National  Government. 
He  was  marriel  to  Miss  Abigail  Angell, 
eldest  (laughter  of  Gon.  Israel  Angell.  in 
Cranston.    U.    I.,    on    May    25,    1785.      The 


THE  JOURNEYMEN 


XXXVII 


last  years  of  his  life  were  spent  in  farm- 
ing in  Providence.  He  died  here  Dec. 
23,   1817,  at  the  age  of  77  years. 

BERT  A.  GOODRICH — Born  in  1863  ; 
applied  for  membership  in  Burlington 
(Vt. )  Union  July,  1901;  learned  printing 
in  Herald  and  News  office  at  Randolph, 
Vt.,  beginning  in  1880;  had  worked  in 
Providence,  R.  I.  ;  in  1901  was  employed 
at   Middleburv,  Vt. 

F.  W.  GOODSON — ^Admitted  to  Provi- 
dence Union  by  card  June  27,  1897  ; 
brother  to  the  inventor  of  the  Goodson 
typesetting  machine;  in  1904  was  No. 
4430  in  New  York  Union. 

EBBN  GORDON — Was  a  charter  mem- 
ber of  Providence  Union  in  1857  ;  initi- 
ated again  May  21,  1864,  after  his  return 
from  the  Civil  war  ;  vice  president  of  the 
Union  in  1857  and  1859  ;  President  in 
1870;  worked  on  Herald  in  1872;  went 
to  Boston  that  year  and  worked  on  Her- 
ald there;  died  in  that  city  in  1888.  He 
enlisted  June  5,  1861,  in  Co.  C,  2d  Inf.  ; 
discharged  for  disability  Oct.  3,   1863. 

WILLIAM  S.  GORDON — Initiated  into 
Providence  Union  Aug.  27,  1893  ;  he  was 
foreman  of  the  Telegram  for  a  short 
time  ;  also  worked  on  the  News  ;  in  1904 
was  employed  on  the  New  York  World. 

JOHN  R.  GORE — Died  by  suicide  at 
Syracuse,  N.  Y.,  June  20,  1904,  aged  45 
years ;  he  was  admitted  to  Providence 
Union  by  card  at  the  January  meeting, 
1886. 

JAMES  M.  GOULD — Died  Grosvenor- 
dale.  Conn.,  April  5,  1904  ;  born  in  Alle- 
gheny, Pa.,  and  learned  printing  in  the 
office  of  the  Pittsburg  Dispatch ;  was  a 
compositor  on  the  Providence  Telegram 
in  1880  ;  admitted  to  No.  33  by  card  May 
27,  1883  ;  later  he  worked  in  New  York 
and  Philadelphia,  and  was  foreman  of 
the  Windham  County  Standard,  published 
in  Putnam,   Conn. 

GEORGE  GRAHAM — Died  by  suicide 
in  Newark,  N.  J.,  March  9,  1902,  aged 
46  years.  He  was  born  in  Scotland  and 
came  to  this  country  with  his  father 
when  a  boy.  He  received  a  good  educa- 
tion and  then  learned  printing.  He  was 
one  of  the  fastest  hand  compositors  in 
the  country.  In  a  contest  in  Boston  he 
won  a  diamond-studded  watch.  He  was 
employed  as  a  writer  on  a  New  Haven 
paper  and  also  on  the  New  York  Star. 
As  a  printer  he  travelled  e.xtensively. 
stopping  in  Providence  in  1887,  when  he 
deposited  his  card  in  December  of  that 
year. 

JAMES  H.  GRAHAM — Born  Lebanon, 
O.,  Jan.  13,  1864  ;  learned  printing  there, 
beginning  in  1883;  worked  at  the  busi- 
ness in  Milwaukee,  Chicago,  New  York 
and'  Cincinnati  ;  located  in  Providence  in 
1892;  initiated  into  No.  33  Feb.  24,  1901; 
member  of  executive  committee  several 
years. 


THOMAS  GRAHAM — Born  Providence 
April  26,  1861  ;  learned  printing  at  What 
Cheer  office,  beginning  in  1878;  initiated 
into  Providence  Union  Dec.  26,  1883  ; 
was-  a  master  printer  for  about  four 
years ;  participated  in  the  effort  for  the 
eight-hour  day  in  1906. 

JOHN  ALLAN  GRANT — Died  Boston 
Jan.  23,  1903,  aged  41  years;  initiated 
into  Providence  Union  Nov.  12,  1884  ;  his 
body  was  cremated  at  Forest  Hills. 

EDWARD  GRATTON  —  Was  in  part- 
nership with  John  Miller  for  a  short  time 
in   182  6.     He  was  a  job  printer. 

CHARLES  C.  GRAY— Born  Little 
Compton,  R.  L,  Dec.  27,  1841  ;  removed 
to  Pi-ovidence  in  1854.  He  was  working 
as  a  printer  when  the  Civil  war  began  ; 
enlisted  May  2,  1861,  in  1st  R.  I.  Light 
Battery,  serving  three  months ;  re- 
enlisted  Sept.  4,  1861,  in  Battery  D,  1st 
R.  I.  Light  Artillery ;  re-enlisted  again 
Jan.  31,  1864  ;  received  a  commission  as 
Second  Lieutenant  May  26,  1864,  and 
served  until  the  close  of  the  war.  He 
was  one  of  the  bravest  soldiers  from 
Rhode  Island.  At  Antietam  39  men  were 
lost  from  his  battery  and  but  one  com- 
rade and  himself  remained  with  one  of 
the  guns;  again  at  Knoxville,  Tenn.  (Nov. 
29,  1863),  he  distinguished  himself.  The 
following  from  Harper's  Magazine  of 
February,  1865,  tells  how  a  rebel  battery 
was  captured  after  the  defeat  of  Early's 
army  Oct.  19,  1864  :  "Lieut.  Gray  of 
Battery  D  galloped  up  to  a  retiring  bat- 
tery and  ordered  it  to  face  about  and 
turn  into  the  pike.  'I  was  told  to  go  to 
the  rear  as  rapidly  as  possible,'  remon- 
strated the  captain  in  command.  'You 
don't  seem  to  know  who  I  am,'  answered 
Gi-ay.  'I  am  one  of  those  d — d  Yanks. 
Countermarch  immediately.'  The  battery 
was  countermarclied,  and  Gray  was  lead- 
ing it  off  alone  when  a  squadron  of  our 
cavalry  came  up  and  made  the  capture 
a  certainty."  Since  the  close  of  the  war 
he  has  been  prominent  in  the  G.  A.  R. 
and  was  Chief  Marshal  of  the  ceremonies 
on  Battle  Flag  Day,  Oct.  17,  1903.  He 
was  for  several  years  a  member  of  the 
House  of  Representatives  from  Provi- 
dence ;  State  Auditor  from  1899  to  1907; 
also  Insurance  Commissioner  for  the 
State.  Mr.  Gray  was  a  member  of  the 
printing  firm  of  Millard,  Gray  &  Simp- 
son and  owner  of  the  Rhode  Island  Print- 
ing Co.  He  was  initiated  into  Providence 
Union  March  9,  1867  ;  vice  president  in 
1867  and  1868;  President  in  1869  and 
treasurer  in  1870. 

WILLIAM  F.  GRAY  —  Born  Bristol. 
R.  I.,  March  16,  1866;  learned  printing 
in  that  town,  beginning  in  1881  ;  initiated 
into  Providence  LTnion  May  30,  1886,  and 
worked  in  this  city  until  the  fall  of  1889; 
in  1905  was  employed  on  the  Boston 
Herald. 

A.  CRAWFORD  GREENE — Born  North 
Kingstown,   R.   I.,   April   10,    1824  ;   learned 


XXXVIII 


PRINTERS  AND  PRINTING  IN   PROVIDENCE 


printing  in  Woonsocket,  in  his  uncle's 
office  (William  N.  Sherman)  ;  in  1845 
established  a  printing  office  in  Provi- 
dence, which  he  conducted  until  his  death, 
July  29,  1881,  in  his  57th  year.  Captain 
Co.  G,   10th  Inf.,   in  the  Civil  war. 

BENJAMIN  GREENE  —  Born  Provi- 
dence, R.  I.,  Nov.  1.  1879;  learned  the 
printing  trade  in  the  office  of  the  Evening 
Telegram  ;  initiated  into  Providence  Union 
Jan.   26,    1902. 

CHARLES  A.  GREENE — Born  Natick. 
R.  I.,  Dec.  8,  1823;  began  to  learn  print- 
ing in  the  office  of  the  Bristol  Phceni.-c 
in  1837  ;  worked  in  Providence  and  New 
York  city;  bought  the  Phoenix  in  1862 
and  conducted  it  until  his  death,  which 
occurred  in  Bristol  May  14,  1899  ;  he  was 
prominent  in  the  political  and  militia 
circles   of   Bristol. 

JOHN  FLAVEL  GREENE — Born  North 
Kingstown,  R.  I.,  June  19,  1833;  learned 
printing  in  his  brother's  (A.  Crawford 
Greene)  office,  and  in  1856  was  in  part- 
nership with  him  at  24  Westminster 
street;  from  1867  to  1891  was  in  business 
for  himself,  and  his  successors  have  con- 
tinued his  name  to  designate  their  office. 

ROBERT  GRIEVE  —  Born  Sept.  16, 
1855,  at  Linwood,  Renfrewshire,  Scotland; 
came  to  America  autumn  of  1866  ;  lived 
in  Fall  River  a  few  months ;  Warwick, 
R.  I.,  four  years ;  New  Bedford,  eight 
years ;  Boston  and  Providence.  Learned 
trade :  Providence  Press  Co.,  for  a  few 
months  in  1869;  then  in  book  and  job 
office  of  the  Morning  Mercury,  New  Bed- 
ford, Mass.,  187 6-' 7 8,  going  from  there  to 
Boston  and  shortly  after  coming  to  Provi- 
dence, where  he  has  since  remained. 
Worked  in  Providence  for  A.  Crawford 
Greene  ;  J.  A.  &  R.  A.  Reid  (as  composi- 
tor, collector,  clerk  and  confidential  sec- 
retary, assistant  manager  and  editor  and 
writer)  ;  Providence  Press  Co.,  Provi- 
dence Journal,  News  (compositor  and  re- 
porter), Telegram  (compositor  and  proof- 
reader) ;  also  in  some  smaller  printing 
offices  at  various  times.  Publisher  and 
editor  of  The  People,  labor  paper,  1885- 
'87  ;  The  Times,  a  fortnightly  railroad 
guide  and  business  paper,  1 888-' 89  ;  wrote 
guide  books  and  specials  for  J.  A.  &  R. 
A.  Reid,  also  history  of  "Cotton  Centen- 
nial," 1890.  Wrote  Illustrated  History 
of  Pawtucket,  1896.  During  this  period 
likewise  wrote  many  specials  for  Provi- 
dence Journal  and  other  publications. 
Editor  Journal  of  Commerce  1897-1900; 
manager  Journal  of  Commerce  1898-1902. 
Has  published  many  smaller  and  fugitive 
publications,  pamphlets,  etc.  Executive 
secretary  to  Gov.  Garvin,  1903-'04.  Studied 
law  and  was  admitted  to  R.  I.  bar  1906. 
Mr.  Grieve  was  initiated  into  Providence 
Union  March  27,  1884,  and  served  as 
President  for  a  portion  of  that  year. 

EDWARD  N.  GRIFFITHS— Born  Provi- 
dence, R.  I.,  Nov.  26,   1873;  learned  print- 


ing trade  in  office  of  the  Evening  Times, 
Pawtucket.  where  he  was  employed  in 
1904  ;  worked  in  Providence  in  1894  and 
again  in  1904. 

WILLIAM  GROGAN  —  Admitted  to 
Providence  Union  by  card  at  the  October 
meeting  in  1886  ;  withdrew  card  in 
March,   1887. 

MELVIN  GUSHEE  —  Came  to  Provi- 
dence from  Mansfield,  Mass.  in  1884  to 
work  for  R.  I.  Printing  Co.;  about  1892 
he  quit  the  business  to  become  private 
secretary  to  a  New  York  bank  president. 

Initiated    Into    Providence    Typographical 
Union  on  Dates  Named: 

THOMAS  GAHAN,   Feb.   26,    1893. 

ASHTON  H.  GARDINER,  charter 
member   1857. 

L.  E.  GARDINER,  elected  to  member- 
ship March  29,  1903  ;  obligated  by  Glen's 
Falls  Union. 

A.  F.  GERRISH.   Sept.   26,  1886. 

GEORGE  L.  GOODMAN,  Aug.  28,   1887. 

HENRY  W.   GOODNOW,  Jan.   28,    1900. 

JOHN  C.  GOODWIN.   Feb.   26,   1899. 

SHELDON  E.  GOFFE,  March  30,   1899. 

Admitted   by   Card  on  Dates  Named: 

JOHN  GALLOWAY,  Harrisburg,  Pa., 
Aug.  8.  1868. 

WALTER  G.  GAST,  November,  1886. 
Reported  dead. 

W.  J.  GOW,  March  29,  1903. 

EDMUND   GELINAS,    Sept.    25,    1892. 

WILLIAM  H.   GEROW,    Sept.    30,    1883. 

ROBERT    GLIDDEN,    November,    1888. 

LUKE  A.  GOLDEN,  March,  1886.  Died 
in  Hartford. 

T.   W.    F.   GOODE,   January,    1886. 

ANDREW  H.  GORMAN,  Nov.  30,  1902  ; 
Feb.   7,   1904. 

WILLIAM  GORNALL,   May  29,   1894. 

ANTHONY  P.  GUINAN,  July  30,  1884. 
Died   in   Newark,    N.   J. 

A.  GRAHAM,  July. 1886.     Reported  dead. 

CHARLES  GRAHAM.  October,   1886. 

WILLIAM  GRAHAM,  Boston,  July  11, 
1868. 

JOHN  GRANT,   Sept.   9,   1871. 

J.   STANLEY  GRANT,  June,    1886. 

CHARLES  E.   GRAY.    Sept.    26,    1897. 

GEORGE   W.   GREENE,   July   29,    1900. 

W.  S.  GREENE,  May,   1885. 

P.  B.  GRISTE.  Philadelphia,  Sept.  14, 
1867. 

JOHN  T.  GRUBB,  Feb.  22,  1885. 

Na»ies  from  Providence  Directory : 

THOMAS  GLASBY — 184  4  at  2  Canal 
street;   1847  at   5   Canal   street. 

JOHN    H.    GODFREY — 1844. 

JOHN  S.  GREENE — 1828  publisher 
Christian  Telescope  at  7  North  Main 
street  ;  also  started  the  Republican-Her- 
ald July  1  of  that  year. 

Printers   Known    to    Have    Worked    Here: 

GEORGE  F.   GAYLORD— Early   70's. 
SEIGMUNI)    GLASER — Sept.    14,    1872. 


THE  JOURNEYMEN 


XXXIX 


CHARLES  A.  GREENE  —  In  business 
on  Washington  row. 

CHARLES  T.   GREENE — Aug.    8,    1874. 
E.   W.   GUILFORD — 1856   on  Journal. 

WILLIAM  J.  HAGERTY  —  Initiated 
into  Providence  Union  Sept.  28,  1885. 
He  was  for  many  years  foreman  of  tlie 
Wliat  Clieer  Print,  and  wiien  he  resigned 
from  that  position  to  go  to  Cliicago  in 
June,  1889,  he  was  presented  witli  a  gold- 
lieaded  cane. 

JEREMIAH  R.  HALEY — Born  Monti- 
cello,  N.  Y.,  Oct.  27,  1869  ;  learned  print- 
ing on  Monticello  Watchman,  beginning 
in  1883  ;  initiated  into  Providence  Union 
May  17,  1888,  and  worked  on  the  Evening 
Telegram  until  the  strike  of  1889,  when 
he  went  to  Woonsocket  and  worked  there 
as  reporter  and  compositor  for  three 
years ;  was  secretary  of  Woonsocket 
Union  for  two  years  ;  went  to  New  York 
city  in  1892  and  worked  on  the  Times; 
later  went  to  Syracuse  and  was  employed 
two  years  on  the  Post-Standard ;  then 
returned  to  New  York  and  was  employed 
on  the  Brooklyn  Citizen  ;  in  1902  he  was 
delegate  from  No.  6  to  the  I.  T.  U.  con- 
vention, held  at  Cincinnati,  O.  ;  Decem- 
ber, 1905,  visited  Denver,  Col.,  to  benefit 
his  health. 

AHIRA  HALLc — Born  Cambridgeport, 
Mass.,  May  22,  1849  ;  learned  printing 
trade  with  Pierce  &  Budlong,  whose 
offlce  was  then  located  in  Barton  Block, 
beginning  in  1865  ;  worked  at  A.  Craw- 
ford Greene's  offlce,  on  the  R.  I.  Lantern, 
General  Advertiser  and  East  Greenwich 
Pendulum ;  also  for  many  years  on  the 
Evening  Press ;  in  Pawtucket  five  years 
on  the  Times,  beginning  with  the  first 
number ;  later  at  Snow  &  Farnum's  on 
the  Providence  Town  Records ;  initiated 
into  Providence  Union  Jan.  11,  1873  ;  now 
in  the  grocery  business  on  Thayer  street. 
Providence. 

BENJAMIN  L.  HALL — Born  Fall 
River,  Mass.,  Sept.  11,  1838;  began  work 
at  the  printing  trade  with  Benjamin  T. 
Albro  in  this  city  in  1854,  serving  three 
years,  and  then  left  the  business.  Mr. 
Hall  thinks  that  while  he  worked  for  Mr. 
Albro  he  made  and  used  the  first  paper 
collar.  It  came  about  in  this  way :  Young 
Hall  and  a  journeyman  were  painting  a 
press.  The  latter  tried  to  induce  Hall  to 
take  a  difficult  part  of  the  job  without 
success.  In  anger  the  journeyman  threw 
his  paint  brush  at  Hall,  striking  him  in 
the  face  and  covering  his  neck  and  collar 
with  paint.  The  boy  did  not  wish  to  be 
rebuked  at  home,  so  he  got  rid  of  the 
stains  on  his  clothing,  but  his  collar  was 
ruined.  He  then  made  a  paper  collar 
and  wore  it  for  several  days.  He  was 
not  experienced  enough  to  patent  his  in- 
vention. Afterward  paper  collars  were 
e.\tensively  used.  In  1857  Mr.  Hall 
started  in  the  jewelry  business  and  con- 
tinued at  it  until  1889,  with  the  exception 
of  the  time  he  was  in  the  Civil  War  with 


the  First  and  Fifth  Regiments.  He  was 
at  the  first  battle  of  Bull  Run.  At  the 
battle  of  Newbern  he  stood  beside  Benj. 
L.  Glasby  (printer)  when  the  latter  was 
wounded.  He  rose  to  the  rank  of  Captain 
in  the  service.  In  1873  he  entered  into 
the  partnership  of  Hall  &  Willis.  In  1891 
Capt.  Hall  became  Commander  of  the 
Soldiers'  Home  at  Bristol,  which  position 
he  now  holds.  Nathan  Hall  was  his  uncle 
and   E.    B.    Hall   his   brother. 

EDWARD  B.  HALL — Born  Fall  River, 
Mass.,  Aug.  24,  1830;  he  was  apprenticed 
to  Henry  Pratt  in  the  offlce  of  the  Fall 
River  Monitor  for  five  years,  in  1846; 
served  a  little  more  than  a  year  and  "lit 
out"  and  came  to  Providence ;  went  to 
work  for  Albro  &  Hall,  who  had  an  offlce 
in  the  "Old  Coffee  House,"  corner  Canal 
street  and  Market  square  ;  later  worked 
on  the  Post,  of  which  George  W.  Daniel- 
son  was  at  that  time  foreman,  and  on 
the  Evening  Press  from  its  start  until  he 
enlisted  in  the  11th  Regiment  in  1862. 
After  his  return  from  the  war  Mr.  Hall 
went  to  New  York  city,  where  he  has 
been  employed  since  on  the  Times.  Mr. 
Hall  was  a  charter  member  of  Providence 
Union  in  1857,  and  is  now  one  of  the  four 
surviving  charter  members. 

FRED  C.  HALL — Born  Canterbury, 
Conn.,  Aug.  21,  1863  ;  learned  printing 
trade  in  Danielson,  Conn.  ;  has  worked 
in  several  offlces  in  Connecticut  and  Mas- 
sachusetts towns ;  joined  Providence 
Union  April  25,  1886  ;  worked  in  Journal 
of  Commerce  offlce  five  years,  and  with 
the  Evening  Bulletin  until  he  became 
assistant  foreman  of  the  Journal,  which 
position  he  now  holds. 

FRED.  I.  HALL — Born  Lowell,  Mass., 
June,  1S64  ;  learned  printing  in  the  Times 
offlce,  Lowell,  beginning  in  1878  ;  worked 
in  Providence  in  1886-87  ;  in  New  York 
city   in   1904. 

GEORGE  W.  HALL  (son  of  Nathan 
Hall) — Born  Providence  March,  1825  ; 
died  August,  1893  ;  learned  printing  at 
Knowles'  offlce  and  worked  there  about 
four  years  after  serving  his  apprentice- 
ship ;  then  went  to  Boston  for  about  two 
years,  and  then  to  New  Orleans  for  about 
one  year  ;  from  there  to  the  Government 
Printing  Offlce,  Washington,  D.  C,  for 
several  years  ;  entered  the  Pension 
Bureau,  where  he  was  employed  con- 
tinuously for  over  thirty  years,  with  the 
exception  of  one  year  (1889-90),  when 
he  was  removed  by  Commissioner  Tanner, 
but  was  later  reinstated  by  Secretary 
Noble.  His  services  in  the  Pension 
Offlce  were  recognized  by  his  being  de- 
tailed to  the  board  of  review,  upon  whose 
decisions  depended  the  fate  of  pension 
claims. 

JOHN  W.  D.  HALL — Was  partner 
with  Brown  Simmons  for  a  few  weeks  in 
October.  1829,  in  the  publication  of  the 
Literary  Subaltern.  In  1832  he  conducted 
a  lottery  offlce  at  25  Arcade. 


XL 


PRINTERS  AND  PRINTING  IN  PROVIDENCE 


JOSEPH  D.  HALL.  JR. — Born  Daniel- 
son,  Conn.,  Aug.  29.  1856;  learned  trade 
in  the  office  of  the  DanieLson  Herald.  In 
Providence  he  worked  several  years  on 
the  Journal ;  published  the  Providence 
Journal  of  Commerce  (now  Board  of 
Trade  Journal),  of  which  he  was  Presi- 
dent and  Manager  ;  was  Manager  of  The 
Call,  published  by  Typographical  Union, 
No.  33  ;  author  of  "Humbugs  and  Can- 
terbury Folks."  "Twentieth  Century  Va- 
cation." "Biographical  History  of  Manu- 
facturers and  Business  Men  of  Rhode 
Island ;"  writer  under  the  pseudonym  of 
"Mrs.  Wilberforce  ;"  also  publisher  of 
these,  together  with  a  number  of  Board 
of  Trade  books  of  New  England  and 
numerous  small  publications.  "Mrs.  Wil- 
•berforce"  pronounces  unionism  the  great- 
est blessing  of  the  age  for  all  concerned, 
because  it  compels  justice  and  equality 
to  all  men  more  than  any  other  force 
that  has  ever  been  tried.  Was  business 
manager  of  Providence  News  in  1904. 
Mr.  Hall  joined  Providence  Typographical 
Union  June  27,  1886,  and  held  the  office 
of  President  one  year.  He  says :  "As 
manager  of  The  Call  we  were  enabled  to 
settle  all  bills  when  the  paper  closed  up 
its  business." 

NATHAN  HALL  —  Died  Providence, 
Feb.  13,  1877,  aged  75  years  and  5 
months.  He  was  born  in  Warren.  R.  I., 
but  learned  printing  here,  serving  five 
years'  apprenticeship  with  H.  H.  Brown, 
then  publisher  of  the  Gazette,  beginning 
Nov.  17,  1817.  With  the  exception  of  five 
years,  two  of  which  were  spent  in  New 
York  city  and  three  in  Fall  River,  lie 
worked  all  the  years  of  his  journeyman 
days  in  this  city.  Jan.  1.  1826,  he  started 
the  Monitor  in  Fall  Rivei-,  but  subse- 
quently sold  it.  For  a  long  time  he  was 
foreman  of  the  largest  job  printing  office 
in  this  city  (Knowles  &  Vose)  ;  was 
associated  with  B.  T.  Albro  and  later 
.with  Robert  A.  Pierce,  and  for  many 
years  was  in  the  employ  of  the  Provi- 
dence Press  Co.  In  183.5-36  with  C.  S. 
Jones  he  published  tlie  Daily  News.  On 
his  70th  birthday  the  Evening  Press 
printed  a  sketch  of  his  life,  concluding 
as  follows :  "He  is  a  worthy  member  of 
the  art  preservative  of  all  arts,  his  life 
an  example  none  need  be  ashamed  to 
pattern  by.  The  'line'  of  his  life  is  duly 
'justified,'  his  'form'  well  'imposed,'  and 
we  may  hope  that  tlie  final  'impression' 
shall  be  satisfactory  and  need  no  're- 
vision." Mr.  Hall  was  vice  president 
of  the  first  printers'  Union  in  Providence 
in  18.')4,  was  a  cliai'ter  member  of  No.  33 
in  1857,  and  elected  its  first  President  at 
its  institution,   June,    1857. 

WALTER  E.  HALF., — Born  Danielson. 
Conn.,  Oct.  14,  1871  ;  learned  printing  in 
that  town,  beginning  in  January.  1889; 
Initiated  into  Providence  Union  Aug.  27, 
1893,  and  worked  here  eight  year.s ; 
located  at  E.  L.  Freeman's,  Central  Falls, 
R.   I.,   in   1904. 


JAMES  S.  HAM — Born  Providence 
March  8,  1809;  died  here  Sept.  8,  1865; 
learned  the  trade  of  a  printer  in  tbe 
office  of  Hugh  H.  Brown,  from  which 
circumstance  he  used  to  claim  that  he 
was  typographically  descended  from  Ben- 
jamin Franklin.  John  Carter  learned  his 
trade  of  Franklin,  Hugh  H.  Brown 
learned  his  trade  of  Carter,  and  James 
S.  Ham  learned  his  trade  of  Brown.  He 
became  a  thorough  printer  and  proof- 
reader, and  worked  as  a  journeyman  in 
this  city,  in  Washington  and  in  Cam- 
bridge, Mass.  For  a  long  time  he  was  a 
proofreader  on  the  Washington  Globe 
and  could  have  had  an  editorial  position 
on  that  paper  but  for  disagreeing  with 
its  politics.  He  would  take  no  position 
in  which  it  would  be  necessary  for  him 
to  withliold  the  full  and  open  expression 
of  his  Whig  sentiments.  His  first  edi- 
torial employment  was  on  the  Providence 
Daily  Advertiser  (1831),  in  which  posi- 
tion he  continued  two  jears.  In  1833,  in 
company  with  Joseph  Knowles.  he  pur- 
chased the  Microcosm.  American  and 
Gazette,  a  weekly  paper,  which  was  con- 
tinued for  one  year.  Twice  he  had  the 
editorial  charge  of  the  Providence  Jour- 
nal, once  for  six  months  in  1855  and 
again  in  1860  for  a  longer  time.  Mr. 
Ham  was  the  "Old  Mortality"  of  Rhode 
Island  public  men.  He  was  familiar  with 
every  conspicuous  struggle  for  party 
supremacy  in  this  State,  with  its  outside 
and  inside  history.  He  was  several  times 
Alderman  and  often  served  as  Acting 
Mayor  in  the  absence  of  the  chief  mu- 
nicipal officer  of  Providence. 

DAVID  HAMILTON — Born  Toronto. 
Ontario,  in  1858;  learned  printing  on  the 
Guelph  Herald.  beginning  in  1873; 
worked  in  Providence  in  1886;  admitted 
to  No.  33  by  card  February.  1886; 
located   in   New  York  city   in    1904. 

JOSEPH  A.  HAMILTON — Born  Que- 
bec. Can.,  Oct.  19.  1858;  died  Woon- 
socket.  R.  I..  Feb.  7,  1904  ;  joined  Provi- 
dence Union  by  card  Dec.  27,  1885,  and 
worked  here  on  the  Evening  Telegram ; 
later  he  was  employed  in  Pawtucket ;  in 
1890  he  removed  to  Woonsocket.  At  his 
death  eight  children  were  left  orphans, 
the  oldest  but  17.  His  wife  died  in  Sep- 
tember, 1903. 

WALTER  CrfARLES  HAMM — Grad- 
uate of  Brown  University  in  1870.  Dur- 
ing his  four  years'  attendance  at  college 
he  learneti  the  trade  of  compositor  in  the 
Journal  composing  room  ;  member  edi- 
torial staff  New  York  Tribune  1875-83; 
Philadelphia  Press  1883-1903;  U.  S.  Con- 
sul  at    Hull.    Eng.,    1903. 

OWEN  J.  tIAMMALTj — Born  Toronto, 
Can..  June  18,  1866;  learned  priMting  in 
office  of  Toronto  Globe,  beginning  in 
1881;  admitted  by  card  to  Providence 
Union  at  the  April  meeting.  1886;  "best 
simmier  town  In  experience ;"  visited 
I'rovidcMcr    again    in    1907. 


THE  JOURNEYMEN 


XLl 


JOHN  S.  HAMMOND — Was  employed 
at  Journal  office  in  1826  as  a  printer. 
Between  the  years  1836  and  1853  he  was 
a  bookseller  on  Market  square.  In  the 
latter  year  he  resumed  the  occupation  of 
a  printer  and  was  for  many  years  man- 
ager of  the  Journal  job  office. 

THOMAS  S.  HAMMOND  (son  of  John 
S.  Hammond) — Born  Providence  Dec.  8, 
1844  ;  learned  printing  in  the  Journal  job 
office,  beginning  in  1860.  About  1871,  in. 
partnership  with  Henry  F.  Ferrin,  a 
noted  auctioneer,  he  established  an  office 
for  the  publication  of  the  Temple  of 
Honor  and  Freemason's  Repository  in  the 
building  on  Weybosset  street  next  east 
of  the  Arcade.  In  time  the  Temple  of 
Honor  was  discontinued  and  the  Free- 
mason's Repository  was  sold  to  E.  L. 
Freeman.  In  1894  Mr.  Hammond  started 
the  Cranston  City  Times.  During  the 
continuance  of  the  Chicago  World's  Fair 
he  published  for  the  State  the  R.  I. 
World's   Fair   Bulletin. 

CHARLES  WALTER  HANDY — Young- 
est son  of  Major  Handy  of  Newport,  R.  I., 
died  March  30,  1818,  in  the  17th  year 
of  his  age,  after  a  two  weeks'  illness. 
For  three  years  he  had  been  a  highly 
valuable  clerk  and  compositor  in  the 
Rhode  Island  American  office.  He  was 
buried  in  St.  John's  Churchyard  Sunday, 
April   1,    1818. 

ARTHUR  HANLEY — Born  Ireland  in 
1839  and  died  in  Providence  Dec.  30, 
1883;  he  learned  printing  in  this  city; 
initiated  into  Providence  Union  May  9, 
1863  ;  on  honorary  list  in  1877  ;  for  many 
years  and  until  1882  he  was  employed  on 
the   Weekly   Visitor. 

FRANK  HANRAHAN — Born  Taunton, 
Mass.,  Oct.  17,  1860;  learned  printing  at 
J.  A.  &  R.  A.  Reid's,  beginning  in  1881; 
worked  for  a  short  time  in  Attleboro  and 
Pawtucket ;  initiated  into  Providence 
Union  March  29,   1903. 

ROBERT  HARCUS — Died  at  Union 
Printers'  Home,  Colorado  Springs.  Oct.  13, 
1904.  He  had  been  sent  there  from  New 
York  Union.  He  was  born  in  Kirkwall, 
Orkney  Islands,  Scotland,  May  8,  1865  ; 
learned  printing  in  the  office  of  the  Ork- 
ney Herald ;  worked  in  Providence  in 
1884-85. 

WILLIAM  C.  HARCUS— Born  Scotland 
Sept.  7,  1863;  learned  printing  at  Kirk- 
wall, Orkney  Islands,  Scotland  ;  initiated 
into  Providence  Union  Jun?  27,  1886  ; 
worked  on  the  Evening  Telegram  and  at 
the  Standard  Printing  Co.  and  for  a  num- 
ber of  years  at  E.  L.  Freeman's,  Central 
Falls;  in  Brockton  in  1907. 

IRVING  C.  HARGRAVES — Born  Ol- 
neyville  Aug.  17,  1858;  learned  printing 
on  Evening  Bulletin,  beginning  in  1876; 
has  been  employed  on  that  paper  since  ; 
learned  to  operate  linotype  ;  now  pi'oof- 
reader ;  initiated  into  Providence  Union 
May   30,    1886. 


THOMAS  M.  HARKER — Born  Carlisle, 
Cumberland,  England,  in  182  6  and  learned 
the  printing  trade  in  that  city ;  worked 
in  Providence  from  1864  until  his  death 
in  1872  ;  was  Superintendent  of  Provi- 
dence Journal  job  office  ;  afterward  en- 
tered into  partnership  with  Samuel  Mil- 
lard (.Millard  &  Harker).  War  Record — 
In  1861  enlisted  in  79th  New  York  High- 
landers ;  afterward  transfei'red  to  Navy 
and  served  as  gunner's  mate  on  the  U.  S. 
gunboat  Moose  until  his  discharge  in  1864. 

JOHN  F.  HARRINGTON — Born  Man- 
chester, N.  H.,  April  28,  1877  ;  learned 
printing  on  Manchester  Union,  beginning 
July  19,  1892  ;  admitted  to  Providence 
Union  by  card  at  April  meeting,   1907. 

EPHRAIM  HARRIS  —  Born  Utica, 
N.  Y.,  Nov.  15,  1872  ;  learned  printing  at 
Mason's  job  office  in  that  city,  beginning 
in  1888  ;  came  to  Providence  May  13, 
1904  ;    now   employed   on    News-Democrat. 

JOB  HARRY — Born  1871;  learned 
printing  In  office  of  Kennett  (Pa.)  News 
and  Advertiser,  beginning  in  1887  ;  was 
member  of  Providence  Union  February, 
1900  ;  worked  in  Taunton,  Mass.,  and 
New  Haven,  Conn. 

FREDERICK  E.  HART — Born  Cincin- 
nati, Ohio,  in  1867;  learned  printing  witli 
O.  H.  Harpel  Printing  Co.,  Cincinnati.  O. 
His  own  story:  "Started  out  at  age  of  15 
with  my  uncle,  who  was  an  all-round 
printer  (tourist),  for  the  South;  worked 
five  years  in  Nashville.  Tenn.  ;  then  began 
a  tour  of  the  United  States  ;  crossed  the 
Texas  plains,  with  a  newspaper  outfit,  for 
Silver  City,  N.  M.  ;  attacked  by  Indian.^ 
110  miles  from  Phoenix,  Arizona  ;  lost  the 
outfit  and  got  away  by  the  skin  of  my 
teeth;  landed  in  St.  Louis  in  1890;  got 
married  and  settled  down  for  a  few 
years,  but  again  began  to  travel  ;  to  Chi- 
cago, St.  Paul,  Albany  and — Providence  ; 
seven  children,  no  money  and  still  learn- 
ing the  business."  Initiated  into  Provi- 
dence LTnion  Feb.  24,  1901,  Drowneii  in 
Warren  river,  in  Swansea,  Mass.,  July 
14,    1906,  while  seining  shrimp. 

JOHN  HARWOOD — Married  to  Mrs. 
Nancy  Eames  July  20,  1799.  His  wife 
Esther  had  died  the  previous  month, 
"after  a  long  and  distressing  illness."  In 
making  these  announcements  the  Gazette 
stated  that  Mr.  Harwood  was  a  printer. 
John  Harwood,  a  Revolutionary  pen- 
sioner, died  Feb.  2,  1835,  aged  74  years. 

JOHN  CARTER  HARWOOD — Started 
the  Pawtucket  Chronicle  Nov.  12,  1825. 
and  sold  it  to  Brown  &  Carlile  of  Provi- 
dence in  1826.  He  was  employed  at  the 
American  office  in  this  city  in  1824,  and 
from  1832  to  1836  at  the  Journal  office, 
according  to  the  Directory.  Liter  he 
went  to  New  York  city,  where  he  worked 
as  a  journeyman  printer  until   his  death. 

WALLACE  WINFIELD  HASKINS — 
Born     Pawtucket.     R.     I.,     Jvme     6.     1874  ; 


XLII 


PRINTERS  AND  PRINTING  IN  PROVIDENCE 


learned  printing  in  Pawtucket,  beginning 
in  1889;  admitted  to  Providence  Union 
by  card  July  29,  1900  ;  worked  on  Paw- 
tucket Times  and  later  on  Evening 
Bulletin  in  Providence  ;  now  employed  on 
Pawtucket  Times. 

J.  FRANK  HASKELL — Linotype  ope- 
rator ;  worked  on  Journal  in  188')-90  and 
made  record  on  first  type  of  machine ; 
was  working  in   Cincinnati,   O.,   in   1899. 

CHARLES  HAVEN  —  Admitted  to 
Providence  Union  by  card  (from  Boston) 
April  14,  1860;  elected  President  for  first 
six  months  of  1863  and  served  as  Secre- 
tary for  rest  of  the  year. 

FRANK  W.  HAVENS — Born  Hartford, 
Conn.  :  learned  printing  in  office  of  Cou- 
rant,  of  which  his  father  was  for  many 
years  foreman  of  the  pressroom  ;  initiated 
into  Providence  Union  Dec.  27,  1885  ;  for 
several  years  was  night  foreman  of  Jour- 
nal, succeeding  Robert  Quinn. 

DAVID  HAWKINS — Was  said  to  be 
the  oldest  printer  in  the  State  when  he 
died,  Feb.  5.  186.5,  at  the  age  of  80,  in 
the  town  of  North  Providence,  where  he 
had  resided  for  the  previous  50  years, 
engaged  for  the  larger  part  of  the  time 
in  agricultural  pursuits.  He  learned  the 
"art  and  mystery"  of  printing  of  John 
Carter,  whose  boast  it  was  that  he  had 
Dr.  Franklin  for  liis  master.  In  company 
with  William  W.  Dunham,  in  1808,  Mr. 
Hawkins  established  the  Rhode  Island 
American,  the  third  semi-weekly  paper 
published  in  the  State.  He  continued  his 
connection  with  the  American  until  1813, 
when  he  retired  altogether  from  the 
printing  business. 

WALTER  D.  HAWLEY — Bjrn  Malone, 
N.  Y.,  September,  1861  ;  learned  printing 
in  that  town,  beginning  in  1882  ;  admitted 
to  Providence  Union  b\-  card  May  28, 
1884,  and  January,  1886  ;  worked  in  New 
York,  Boston  and  other  cities  ;  in  October, 
1906,  visited  Providence,  but  returned  to 
New  York. 

JAMBS  J.  HAY— Born  St.  Johns  N.  F.  ; 
learned  printing  in  that  city ;  admitted 
to  Providence  Union  by  card  July,  1887  ; 
worked  on  thp  Journal  until  1889  ;  was 
employed  at   Norwood,   Mass.,   in    1905. 

AMBROSE  A.  HAYDEN — Died  Provi- 
dence Sept.  21,  1886;  he  was  admitted  to 
Providence  Union  by  card  at  the  June 
meeting,    1886. 

MATTHEW  A.  HAYES — Born  Albany, 
N.  Y.,  Sept.  23,  1859;  learned  printing  in 
Albany,  beginning  in  1874;  admitted  to 
Providence  Union  by  caril  July,  1886; 
worked  on  Star,  Journal  and  Telegram  ; 
visited   Providence  in  June,   1907. 

JOHN  C.  HA;?ARD— Born  Providence 
Oct.  27.  1.SS3;  learned  printing  on  the 
Tclcgiiiin  and  News,  beghming  In  I'Ktl; 
particiiiatt'd    in    the    effort    for    tlie    eight- 


hour  day  and  was  initiated  into  Provi- 
dence Union  Jan.  28,  1906;  now  employed 
on  Tribune. 

JOSEPH  M.  HA^;:ARD — Born  Kent 
county,  Del.,  March  15,  1859;  learned 
printing  in  Wilmington,  Del.,  beginning 
in  1873;  joined  Providence  Union  by  card 
April  30,  1884,  stopping  in  this  city  about 
one  year ;  for  several  years  managing 
editor  American  Press  Association  in  New 
York  city  ;  owner  of  Brooklyn  Record  in 
1905. 

SAMUEL  K.  HE:AD  —  Died  Arlington, 
Mass.,  Feb.  20,  1901  ;  he  had  worked  at 
printing  in  this  city  previous  to  1872.  His 
father  was  one  of  the  founders  of  the 
Boston   Herald. 

FRANKLIN  HEIMBACK  —  Born  St. 
Paul,  Minn..  Dec.  6,  1853  ;  learned  print- 
ing in  that  city,  beginning  May  1,  1870; 
visited  Providence  in  the  spring  of  1885 
and  worked  on  Telegram ;  in  Jackson, 
Miss.,   in   1904. 

JONATHAN  P.  HELME — Died  Provi- 
dence May  10,  1877,  aged  68  years  and  4 
months.  His  name  appears  in  the  Direc- 
tory of  1832  as  working  at  12  Market 
square  ;  he  worked  on  the  Courier.  Jour- 
nal and  Post.  In  1856  he  was  Custom 
House  Inspector.  He  was  initiated  into 
Providence  Union  Dec.   13,   1862. 

JAMES  J.  HENDERSON — Born  Kings- 
ton, N.  B.,  May  11,  1870;  learned  printing 
on  the  Rhode  Island  Democrat  while 
Benj.  Evans  conducted  the  paper ;  now 
employed  in  a  private  job  office  owned  by 
Young  Bros.,  this  city. 

AMBROSE  HIGGINS — Born  New  York 
city  Sept.  18,  1845;  learned  printing  in 
Norwich,  Conn.  ;  worked  in  Providence  in 
1860-'61  ;   in  New  London,  Conn.,   in   1904. 

GEORGE  W.  HILSMAN  —  Born  Phila- 
delphia, Pa.,  Nov.  25,  1880;  learned  print- 
ing in  that  city,  beginning  in  1892,  on  the 
Public  Ledger ;  initiated  into  Providence 
Union  Nov.  30,  1902  ;  now  employed  on 
Tribune. 

JOSEPH  G.  HODGKINSON — Died  Provi- 
dence Feb.  4,  1903.  He  was  a  native  of 
England  and  learned  printing  in  that 
country.  He  came  to  the  Ignited  States  in 
1879;  was  initiated  into  Providence  Union 
April  8,  1S83,  and  worked  on  the  Tele- 
gram ;  he  worked  also  in  Brookl>'n,  New 
York  city  and  Paterson.  N.  J.  He  re- 
turned to  Providence  in  Sevitember.  1'.102, 
and  was  an  employe  of  the  Journal  at 
the  time  of  his  deatli. 

THOMAS  CADMAN  HOE — Born  1845; 
learned  printing  in  office  of  The  North- 
westoin  at  Osld<osh.  Wis.,  beginning  In 
1865;  worked  all  over  country,  including 
Providence,  R.  I.  ;  applleil  for  membership 
in  Madison   (Wis.)   l^nion  in   1901. 

M.AX  HOI'^FM.-VN  —  Born  Bennlsch, 
Silesia,    Ausiiia.    St>i)t,    25,    1879;    learned 


THE  JOURNEYMEN 


XLlll 


printing:  in  Kansas  City,  Mo.,  beginning- 
May  31,  189  2  :  worked  in  Providence  since 
1897,  with  J.  C.  Hall  Co.,  Tribune,  News- 
Democrat  and  Journal ;  joined  Providence 
Union  April  30,   1899. 

OSCAR  D.  HOLLAND — Born  Provi- 
dence Jan.  13,  1879  ;  learned  printing  with 
his  father,  John  Holland,  beginning  in 
1892;  initiated  into  Providence  Union 
Dec.  31,  1899;  member  firm  of  John  Hol- 
land &  Son. 

STEPHEN  G.  HOLROYD  ("Uncle  Ste- 
phen")— Born  Providence  June  12,  1807; 
died  there  Feb.  10,  1884  ;  learned  the 
trade  of  a  printer,  working  as  a  journey- 
man until  Feb.  2,  1833,  when,  in  part- 
nership with  Sylvester  S.  Southworth,  he 
publishe'd  the  Daily  Gazette.  The  paper 
lived  nine  months,  when  it  was  made  a 
weekly  and  soon  after  discontinued.  In 
1837-'40,  in  partnership  with  Andrew  M. 
Barber,  he  published  the  Otsego  Repub- 
lican, at  Cooperstown,  N.  Y.  This  town 
was  the  home  of  the  novelist,  James  Fen- 
nimore  Cooper,  who  at  that  time  was  in 
some  disfavor  with  the  public  because  of 
the  many  strictures  on  American  ideas, 
methods  and  manners  contained  in  some 
of  his  books.  A  New  York  nev^^spaper, 
in  criticising  one  of  Cooper's  novels,  pub- 
lislied  an  article  full  of  personal  abuse  of 
the  novelist.  Tliis  article  was  copied  into 
many  newspapers,  Mr.  Holroyd's  among 
others,  and  the  result  was  a  series  of 
libel  suits.  The  Otsego  Republican  was 
an  unsuccessful  defendant  in  one  of  them 
and  in  consequence  Mr.  Holroyd  returned 
to  the  ranks  of  the  journeymen,  working 
for  a  short  time  on  the  Freeman's  Jour- 
nal, in  Cooperstown,  and,  in  1841,  in  New 
York  city.  There  he  worked  on  the 
Tribune,  wliich  started  in  1841,  and  on 
the  Courier  and  Enquirer,  then  one  of 
the  leading  papers  of  that  city.  In  1849 
Mr.  Holroyd  returned  to  Providence,  ac- 
cepting a  position  on  the  Journal  Nov.  3. 
Mr.  Holroyd  collected  tlie  ship  news  for 
the  Journal,  using  a  boat  for  that  pur- 
pose, and  also  put  it  into  type.  It  was, 
in  those  daj-s,  one  of  the  most  important 
departments  of  the  paper.  He  became  an 
expert  in  tlie  business,  following  the  news 
of  the  Providence  vessels  in  their  voy- 
ages from  port  to  port,  changes  in  owner- 
ship and  commanders,  and  could,  without 
referring  to  otlier  authority,  tell  all  there 
was  to  say  about  them.  In  1867  he  gave 
up  the  collecting  part  and  took  the  ship 
news  cases  on  the  Press,  holding  them 
until  1881,  when  he  retired.  On  that 
occasion  his  associates  in  the  office  pre- 
sented to  him  a  gold-headed  cane,  suitably 
engraved,  Mr.  George  O.  Willard,  then 
city  editor  of  the  Press,  making  the  pres- 
entation speech.  He  was  initiated  into 
Providence  Union  April  11.  1868.  He  is 
buried  in  North  End  Cemetery. 

EDWARD  C.  HOOPES  —  Born  West 
Chester,  Pa.  ;  learned  printing  trade  on 
the  Daily  Local  News,  beginning  Nov.   22, 


1879.  Since  then  he  has  been  manager 
and  editor  of  a  newspaper  at  Downington, 
Pa.,  and  in  the  jon  printing  business  for 
10  years.  He  is  an  accomplished  musi- 
cian, having  been  director  of  a  theatre 
orchestra  for  15  years.  He  came  to  Provi- 
dence March  10.  1903,  working  on  the 
Telegram  and  Journal ;  now  proofreader 
on  tlie  Tribune. 

GEORGE  HAROLD  HOPE — Born  Provi- 
dence July  8,  1878;  learned  printing  in 
this  city  at  Eagle  Printing  Co.,  beginning 
in  1893  ;  initiated  into  Providence  Union 
Oct.  29,  1899  ;  worked  on  Evening  Tele- 
gram ;  "my  father  and  grandfather  before 
me  served  their  time  at  tlie  printing  busi- 
ness." At  present  treasurer  of  the  Star 
Printing  Co.  in  Providence. 

GEORGE  W.  HOPE — Born  Halifax, 
N.  S.,  Oct.  9,  1854  ;  learned  printing  in 
office  of  Mercury  at  New  Bedford.  Mass., 
beginning  in  187  2  ;  worked  in  Providence 
since  1875  ;  now  manager  of  Star  Printing 
Co.,  Westminster  street,  near  Hoyle  build- 
ing. 

CHARLES  H.  HOPKINS  —  Born  New 
Haven  Nov.  30,  1858;  died  Providence 
Jan.  28,  1904.  He  came  of  a  family  of 
printers  ;  father,  uncles  and  brothers  were 
all  expert  at  tlie  trade.  He  learned  print- 
ing in  New  York  city,  but  removed  to 
Manchester,  N.  H.,  before  he  was  20.  In 
1881  he  was  foreman  of  the  Woonsocket 
Reporter,  and  again  from  1884  to  1891. 
In  1883  and  from  1891  to  1900  he  was 
employed  in  the  composing  room  of  the 
Providence  Journal,  holding  the  position 
of  assistant  foreman  of  the  Evening  Bul- 
letin for  a  number  of  years.  From  1900 
to  the  summer  of  n03  he  was  in  business 
with  his  brother,  Frank  E.,  at  Jamaica. 
N.  Y..  printing  books.  For  a  few  months 
before  his  death  he  was  employed  on  the 
Evening  Telegram.  He  joined  Providence 
Union  by  card  Dec.  2  8,  1890.  He  was  a 
first-class  workman  and  his  character  was 
very  nearly  perfect. 

JOHN  P.  HORAN — Became  prominent 
in  the  affairs  of  Provi  lence  Union  in 
1884  and  was  elected  President  in  1885 
and  1886.  In  1885  he  was  one  of  the  five 
arbitrators  to  whom  was  referred  the  dis- 
pute between  the  Journal  and  the  Union. 
He  left  this  city  in  February,  1887,  for 
Ireland,  aid  is  reported  to  have  died 
shortly  after  in  England.  While  in  this 
city  he  was  employed  on  the  Telegram. 

THOMAS  L.  HORAN  —  Learned  print- 
ing in  the  office  of  the  Norwich  (Conn.) 
Advertiser,  beginning  about  1870;  admit- 
ted to  Providence  Union  by  card  in  1873; 
initiated  April  8.  1883;  Vice  President  in 
1887  :  worked  in  the  offices  of  the  Jour- 
nal. Star  and  Telegram  ;  now  proofreader 
on  the  Boston  Advertiser. 

FREDERICK  A.  HORTOX — Died  Provi- 
dence May  22.  1894,  aged  21  years.  6 
months    and    23    days.      He    was    initiated 


XLIV 


PRINTERS  AND  PRINTING  IN  PROVIDENCE 


into  Providence  TypoRraphical  Union 
March  26,  1893.  and  worked  at  Brownell's 
bookbindery.  At  tliat  time  bookbinders 
were  eligible  to  membership  in  the  Union. 

JOHN  J.  HORTON  —  Born  West,erly. 
R.  I.,  April  13.  1874;  learned  printins  in 
the  office  of  the  Westerly  Daily  Tribune, 
commencins  July  16.  1888:  came  to  Provi- 
dence Sept.  1.  IS'^O.  locating  first  at  What 
Cheer  Print,  and  became  a  member  of 
the  Typographical  Union  May  29,  1892  : 
has  served  since  on  the  following  commit- 
tees of  tliat  body :  Joint  standing  on 
Telegram  agreement  ;  executive.  1901- 
1903  ;  on  city  printing.  1901-1902  ;  on 
scale,  1901-1902  ;  joint  conference  on  nine- 
hour  day,  1900;  committee  of  thirty. 
1900;  on  souvenir  committee.  1904-1907. 
Mr.  Horton  represented  the  Union  in  the 
Allied  Printing  Trades'  Council  in  1902- 
1903,  and  was  secretary-treasurer  of  that 
body.  He  has  worked  in  various  localities 
between  Boston  and  Chicago  and  has  held 
about  45  situations.  He  claims  the  dis- 
tinction of  being  "the  only  printer  who 
paid  full  fare  for  every  mile  he  has  trav- 
elled." Now  employed  on  Evening  Bul- 
letin. 

OLIVER  JUDSON  HOUCK  —  Learned 
printing  with  Reynolds  &  Co.,  Albany. 
N.  Y.  ;  he  worked  in  Springfield,  Mass.  ; 
initiated  into  Providence  LTnion  at  the 
December   meeting,    1897. 

JOHN  STANLEY  HOULB — Born  Lan- 
caster. Ontario.  Canada,  Aug.  2.5.  1861  ; 
learned  printing  in  Montreal,  beginning  in 
1876;  initiated  into  Manchester  ( N.  H. ) 
Union  June,  1904  ;  admitted  to  Providence 
Union  by  card  April  30,  1905  ;  participated 
in  the  effort  for  the  eight-hour  day  in 
1906  ;  prepared  the  issues  of  the  "Union 
Man's  Reference  Book ;"  in  New  York 
city  in   1907. 

WILLIAM  H.  HOVBY — Died  Norwich. 
Conn..  March  5.  1899.  He  had  been  toast- 
master  at  the  32d  anniversary  banquet 
given  by  Norwich  Union  during  the  eve- 
ning and  was  in  the  corridor  of  the 
Wauregan  Hotel,  preparing  to  go  home, 
when  he  was  stricken  at  2  A.  M.  The 
cause  of  death  was  cei-eliral  apoplexy. 
Mr.  Hovey  was  born  in  Morrisville.  N.  Y., 
In  1842;  began  to  learn  printing  in  the 
office  of  the  Madison  Observer,  leaving  in 
two  years  and  continuing  at  the  trade  as 
a  "two-tliiriler"  for  a  sliort  time.  He 
settlefl  in  Norwich,  Conn.,  in  1864.  and 
worked  in  that  city  until  his  death,  ex- 
cepting a  sliort 'time  wlien  he  worked  on 
tlie  Providence  Evening  Press.  He  was 
foreman  of  tlie  Norwicli  Bulletin  more 
than  26  years;  was  a  charter  member  of 
No.  100,  organized  in  1867.  and  had  held 
e\'ery  office  in  its  gift.  He  represented 
tiiat  Union  in  the  I.  T.  U.  conventions  of 
•69.  '77.  '81,  '82  and  '90.  He  was  a  promi- 
nent Mason  and  that  order  liad  charge  of 
the  .services  at  his  funei-al. 

ERANK  C.  HOWARD  — Born  Boston. 
Mass.,    Eeb.    4,    IS.Sl  ;    leanicd    pilnting    in 


the  Mercury  office,  New  Bedford,  begin- 
ning in  1896;  admitted  to  Providence 
Union  by  card  Oct.  26,  1902  ;  at  present 
employed  on  tlie  Tribune. 

JASON  T.  HOWARD — Died  Providence 
April  29.  1891  ;  he  was  initiated  into 
Providence  Union  Jan.  31.  1886;  worked 
at  Whittemore  &  Colburn's. 

GEORGE  S.  HOWE — Died  New  York 
city  ;  he  probably  came  from  Troy.  N.  Y.  ; 
was  a  member  o'  Albany  Union  in  1864  ; 
admitted  to  Providence  Union  by  card 
Dec.  10.  1870;  worked  many  years  in 
New  York  city.  Wh^n  George  Arensburg 
first  came  to  the  New  York  Times  from 
Piltsburg  and  was  the  fastest  compositor 
in  the  country,  Howe  christened  him  "The 
Velocipede." 

AUSTIN  C.  HOWELL — Born'  Hope. 
Warren  county.  N.  J..  Jan.  12,  1850; 
learne!  printing  trade  in  Pittsburg.  Pa., 
beginning  in  1866;  worked  in  Providence 
lS71-'74,  '77  to  '92;  at  present  (1904) 
farming  in  Hampton.  Windham  county. 
Conn.,  part  of  the  year  and  the  balance 
of  the  year  printing  in  New  York  city. 

ERNEST  A.  HOWSE — Born  Bridge- 
town. Nova  Scotia.  1876;  learned  printing 
in  office  of  Weekly  Monitor  of  that  town  ; 
worked  in  office  of  Library  Bureau,  Bos- 
ton, s'^veral  years,  where  he  learned  to 
operate  the  monotype  ;  initiated  into 
Providence  Union  Aug.  30.  1903. 

FRANK  M.  HOYT — Born  Binghamton. 
N.  Y.,  in  1850;  learned  printing  in  that 
city  on  the  Reporter,  beginning  in  1865  ; 
worked  in  Providence  on  the  Herald  in 
1872  and  again  in  1885;  admitted  to 
Providence  Union  January.  1885. 

CHARLES  B.  HUBBARD  —  Learned 
printing  on  Evening  Press.  Providence ; 
went  whaling  on  the  "Talisman"  from 
New  Bedford  after  serving  his  appren- 
ticeship ;  initiated  into  Providence  L^nion 
Feb.  27.  1884  ;  worked  in  Springfield,  Mass. 

AL0N;^0  B.  HUDSON  —  Died  Kansas 
City,  Mo..  March  20,  1904  ;  born  Salem. 
O..  and  leiirned  printing  in  his  fatlier's 
office  ;  admitted  to  Providence  Union  by 
card  October,  1888;  for  the  last  six  or 
eight  years  prior  to  his  death  he  was 
a.^pociated  witli  an  elder  brother  in  the 
conduct  of  the  Kansas  City  Bill  Post- 
ing Co. 

FRANK  J.  HUESTON — Born  New  York 
city  Aug.  28,  1857;  died  there  March  20, 
1905;  learned  printing  in  Utica,  N.  Y.. 
in  office  of  the  Herald,  beginning  in  1872; 
admitted  by  card  to  Providence  Union  at 
(lie  April  meeting,   1886. 

FREDERICK  T.  HUGHES  ("Gedger") 
— =Died  Seton  Hospital.  New  York  city. 
.June  23.  1904.  and  was  V)uried  in  the 
Union  plot  at  Mount  Hope  Cenieti>r.v  :  his 
c.ird  was  deposited  in  Providence  Union 
at  the  June  meeting,  1886;  he  had  been 
a  member  of  New  York  I'^nion  for  a  num- 
ber of  > cais  pre\lous  to  his  death. 


THE  JOURNEYMEN 


XLV 


MAURICE  E.  HUGHES — Born  Johns- 
ton, Queens  county,  N.  B.,  Feb.  13,  1856; 
learned  printing  in  News  office,  St.  John, 
N.  B.,  where  -he  served  a  five  years'  ap- 
prenticeship ;  worked  in  St.  John  three 
years  after  completing  his  apprenticeship 
and  then  went  to  Boston,  where  he 
worked  for  Rockwell  &  Churchill,  Rand 
&  Avery  and  the  Boston  Stereotype 
Foundry.  In  Cambridge  he  joined  the 
Union  and  worked  at  the  Riverside  Press 
and  University  Press.  He  came  to  Provi- 
dence in  1884,  where  he  worked  in  the 
office  of  the  Journal  14  years  and  was  one 
of  the  first  to  learn  the  linotype ;  has 
worked  for  Snow  &  Farnham  five  years  ; 
participated  in  the  effort  for  tlie  eight- 
liour  day  in  1906  ;  now  copyholder  on 
Journal  ;  admitted  to  Providence  Union  by 
card  Nov.  12,  1884  ;  delegate  to  Toronto 
I.  T.  U.  convention,  1905. 

WILLIAM  H.  HUGHES — Born  East 
Greenwich  May  6,  1861  ;  learned  printing 
in  that  town;  worked  in  Providence  in 
1886  for  Press  Co.  ;  initiated  into  Provi- 
dence Union  Feb.   26,   1893. 

JOSEPH  F.  HUNOLD  — Born  College 
Point,  Long  Island,  N.  T.,  March  15,  1870  ; 
learned  machinist  trade  at  Flushing  Iron 
Works,  beginning  in  1887  ;  worked  in 
Providence  from  1900  as  linotype  machin- 
ist on  the  Telegram  and  Tribune  until 
1906,  when  he  removed  to  Seattle,  Wash. 

ROBERT  F.  HUNT — Born  Cumberland, 
R.  I.,  July  9,  1874;  began  to  learn  print- 
ing in  the  Gazette  and  Chronicle  office, 
Pawtuck^t,  Feb.  13,  1890.  where  he  con- 
tinued ten  years  ;  from  there  he  went  to 
New  York  city,  where  he  worked  three 
years  and  learned  the  linotype,  and  then 
came  to  this  city ;  participated  in  the 
eight-hour  strike  of  1906  ;  now  with  the 
News-Democrat. 

DENNIS  A.  HURLEY  —  Born  Provi- 
dence May  28,  1886;  learned  printing  with 
Remington  Printing  Co.,  beginning  in 
1902  ;  participated  in  the  effort  for  eight- 
hour  day  in  January,  1906,  and  joined 
Providence  LTnion  ;  now  employed  on  Eve- 
ning Bulletin. 

FLORENCE  THOMAS  HURLEY— Born 
Providence  Dec.  31,  1864  ;  learned  print- 
ing in  Press  Co.  job  department,  begin- 
ning in  1880;  initiated  into  Providence 
Union  Sept.  29,   1901. 

JOHN  E.  HURLEY — Born  Providence 
June  22,  1866;  learned  printing  at  R.  I. 
•  Printing  Co.  ;  initiated  into  Providence 
I'nion  Oct.  25,  1885  ;  worked  several  years 
on  Journal  ;  member  of  firm  of  Remington 
Printing  Co.  and  has  been  connected  with 
that  concern  since  its  start. 

MICHAEL  J.  HURLEY  —  Died  Lynch- 
burg. Va.,  in  1896;  learned  printing  in 
Lynchburg ;  worked  at  the  business  in  this 
city  in  1883-'84. 


JOHN  C.  HURLL — Born  Boston,  Mass., 
July  17,  1854  ;  learned  printing  in  that 
city  at  Rand  &  Avery's  ;  worked  in  Provi- 
dence from  November,  1884,  to  Sept.  6, 
1889,  about  three  months  on  the  Star  and 
the  balance  of  the  time  on  the  Journal  ; 
admitted  to  No.  33  by  card  in  December, 
1884;  President  of  the  LTnion  in  1887. 
Since  leaving  this  city  Mr.  Hurll  has  re- 
sided in  Boston  and  is  at  present  proof- 
reader on  the  Post. 

GEORGE  H.  HUSTON — Born  Whitby, 
Ont.,  Sept.  28,  1862  ;  learned  printing  in 
office  of  Whitby  Chronicle,  beginning  in 
1877  ;  after  travelling  extensively  in  the 
United  States  settled  in  Providence  in 
1884,  depositing  card  in  No.  33  at  the 
November  meeting  that  year ;  employed 
continuously  in  Journal  composing  room 
in  the  meantime  ;  has  operated  a  linotype 
since  the  introduction  of  the  machines. 

THOMAS  HYNES  ("Skinny") — Died 
San  Francisco,  Cal.,  Sept.  17,  1896,  aged 
50  years,  and  is  buried  in  the  plot  of  San 
Francisco  Typographical  Union,  No.  21,  in 
Laurel  Hill  Cemetery ;  he  was  admitted 
by  card  to  Providence  Union  Oct.  12,  1872. 

Initiated    Into    Providence    Typographical 
Union  on  Dates  Named : 

CHARLES  E.  HALL,  Nov.  25,  1888;  by 
card  December,  1888,  and  October,  1889. 

FRED  S.  HALL,  April   29,   1888. 

FREDERICK  W.  HALL,  March  25,   1900. 

ROBERT  HALLIDAY,  April  5,  1888 
(pressman).     Reported  dead. 

L    A.  HANLON,  March  30,  1902. 

WILLIAM  D.  HARRINGTON,  July  12, 
1873. 

J.  FRANK  HASKELL,  Dec.  29,  1889 
(stereotyper). 

JAMES  HATLOW.  Dec.   27,   1896. 

ALFRED  G.   HEAD,   Nov.   10,   1866. 

EDGAR  L.  HEATH.  Dec.  26,  1883. 

CHARLES  J.  HICKS,  before  April  18. 
1857. 

SYLVESTER  B.  HILTON,  March  27, 
1892. 

JOHN  H.  HUDSON,  Dec.  26,  1883. 

MARTIN  G.  HUMMELL,  July  27,   1890. 

W.   W.   HURLBUT,   Feb.   28,    1897. 

HENRY  HUTTON,  May   2  8,   1893. 

THOMAS  F.  HOPEWELL,  Nov.  14, 
1868.    Died  April,   1873. 

HARLEY  F.  HOPKINS,  May  13,  1871. 

C.  HOWRIGAN,  Feb.  24,  1901. 

Admitted   by  Card  on  Dates  Named : 

W.  E.  A.  HAGAN,  August,  1886. 

FRED  G.  HALL.  April,   1886. 

J.  R.  HALLER,  April,  1887.  (Reported 
dead. ) 

JOHN  F.  HALLORAN,  Nov.  27,  1892. 

JOSEPH  P.  HAMILTON,  April,  1888. 
His  address  in  1905  was  McCondice  P.  O., 
Charles  county,  Maryland. 

W.  E.  HAMILTON,  March,  1888. 

F.   E.   HANCOCK,   January,   1889. 

JOHN  HANLEY,  June  25,  1884;  March, 
1886. 


XLVI 


PRINTERS  AND  PRINTING  IN  PROVIDENCE 


W.  F.  HANNA,  Oct.  25,  1891. 

MR.  HARDING,  from  Boston,  Dec.  14. 
1872. 

R.  J.  HARDING,  January,   1889. 

JAMES  T.  HARRIS,  June,  1888;  De- 
cember, 1888. 

M.  C.  HARRIS,  from  Louisville,  Ky.. 
Oct.   12,   1867. 

WILLIAM  A.  HARRIS,  May  31,   1903. 

J.  T.  HARRISON,  May,  1885. 

THOMAS  HARRISON,   March  30,    1902. 

M.  F.  HART,  Nov.   14,   1868. 

PRESERVED  B.  M.  HASKINS,  from 
Boston,  Aug.  13,   1864. 

J.   H.   HASLAM,   April   23,    1892. 

ARTHUR  HASSARD,  July,  1888. 

W.  L.  HAYNES,  May,   1888. 

W.  H.  HEANEY,   June   26,   1904. 

C.   E.   HENDERSON,   August,    1888. 

R.  P.  HENDERSON,  1877,  and  with- 
drew card  same  year. 

HARRY  HETT,  May  27,  1883.  (Re- 
ported died  in  Jersey  City.) 

JAMES  C.   HICKEY,   November,   1883. 

JOHN  HICKEY,  from  New  York,  July 
11,  1868. 

THOMAS  HICKEY,   November,    1884. 

O.  G.  HICKS,  October,  1886. 

A.  T.   HILBRUN.  June   25,   1884. 

WILLIAM  F.  HILLS,  Jan.  25,  1903. 

SAMUEL  G.   HOLDREDGE,   Mav,   1888. 

LOUIS  K.  HOLLAND,  from  Woon- 
socket,   Sept.    24,    1905. 

THOMAS  J.  S.  HOPKINS,  April  25, 
1897. 

T.   HOPMANS,   Dec.    27,   1885. 

JOSEPH  E.  HOWE,  November,  1886; 
Feb.   26,  1893. 

OTIS  HOYE,  Feb.  26,  1899. 

J.  M.  HUDSON,  March  11,   1871. 

ANDY  HUGHES,   Sept.   30,   1883. 

EDWARD  HULING,  June   29,   1890. 

FRANK  W.   HULME,   Feb.   25,   1900. 

A.  W.  HUNT,  Aug.   10,  1872. 

R.   B.  HUNT,  June   8,   1872. 

RICHARD  HUNTER,  March  30,  1902. 

ALFRED  S.  HUTCHINSON,  from  Mon- 
treal April  13,  1872. 

Names  from  Providence  Directory: 

RICHARD   HADFIELD— 1859. 

CHARLES  C.  HASWELL — 1836;  re- 
moved to  New  York. 

FRANCIS  P.  HEALEY— 1855. 

JAMES  HELME — 1828  worked  at  12 
Market  .square;  1838  at  Courier  office; 
1841  clerk  at  41  Arcade. 

JOHN   D.    HENRY — 1850. 

P.    G.    HEWIT — 184  4. 

GEORCJE  HOPEWELL — Foreman  Ham- 
mond,  Angell  &  Co. 

GEORGE    H.    HOPKINS — 1836. 

Printers   Known    to    Have    Worked   Here : 

A.  B.  HART — In  partnersliip  with  C. 
W.  Littell. 

ROBERT  HUGHES— 1853-'55  at  Jour- 
nal office. 

JOHN  B.  INGRAHAM — Name  in  Direc- 
tory f)f  184  1  ;  charter  member  Provlilencc 
Union    In    l.S.^7;    I'lilistcd    Aug.    1,    1801.    in 


2d  R.  I.  Inf.,  Co.  D,  and  served  three 
years ;  returned  to  printing  after  Civil 
War. 

SAMUEL  INSLEE} — Was  sent  to  Provi- 
dence from  New  York  in  1766  by  William 
Goddard  to  assist  Mrs.  Sarah  Goddard  in 
publishing  the  Gazette.  Inslee  soon  re- 
turned to  New  York  and  in  1770  formed 
a  partnership  with  Anthony  Carr  to  con- 
tinue the  publication  of  The  New  York 
Gazette  and  Post  Boy  after  James  Par- 
ker's death.  Inslee  was  afterward  em- 
ployed by  Collins  of  Trenton,  N.  J.,  and 
died  suddenly  in  his  printing  house. 

EARNEST  IRONS  —  Born  St.  Johns. 
N.  B..  June  28,  1871  ;  in  that  city,  in  1886, 
he  started  to  learn  printing;  in  1887  came 
to  Providence  and  finished  his  apprentice- 
ship on  the  Telegram  ;  joined  Providence 
Union  Nov.  27,  1892;  has  worked  in  this 
city  at  Snow  &  Farnham's,  Remington's. 
E.  A.  Johnson's,  J.  C.  Hall's,  the  Journal 
of  Commerce  and  at  E.  L.  Freeman's  in 
Central  Falls ;  now  employed  on  News- 
Democrat. 

SAMUEL  S.  IRVING — Born  New  York 
city  in  1849  ;  learned  printing  on  the  New 
York  Mercury  ;  admitted  to  Providence 
Union  by  card  at  the  January  meeting, 
1889  ;  worked  on  the  Telegram  and  Jour- 
nal ;  also  "worked  in  every  State  and 
Territory  in  the  United  States." 

GEORGE  W.  JARSB  —  Admitted  to 
Providence  Union  July  12,  1873  ;  worked 
on  Journal  ;  I.  T.  U.  delegate  from  Detroit 
in  1877  ;  in  1906,  during  the  eight-hour 
strike,  loaned  Chicago  Union  $3000  with- 
out security ;  at  present  proofreader  on 
Chicago  Tribune. 

PERCY  MONROE  JAQUES — Born  Ben- 
nington, Vt.,  Feb.  15,  1883;  learned  print- 
ing with  Fox  &  Saunders,  Providence,  , 
beginning  July  12,  1898;  initiated  into  No. 
33  June  2  8,  1903  ;  participated  in  the  effort 
for  the  eight-hour  day  in  1906. 

HORACE  JBFFERS — Born  Pawtucket. 
R.  I.,  July  23,  1866;  learned  printing  in 
office  of  E.  L.  Freeman  &  Sons,  Central 
Falls,  beginning  in  1880;  worked  In  Provi- 
dence at  Snow  &  Farnham's,  Livermore  & 
Knight  Co.,  J.  C.  Hall  Co.,  Foster  H. 
Townsend,  Evening  Telegram  and  Sun- 
day Dispatch  ;  initiated  into  No.  33  Feb.  26. 
1888  ;    located  in  Springfield,  Mass.,  In  1904. 

W.  A.  JBFFERS — ^Born  Lynn,  Mass., 
Dec.  9,  1851;  learned  printing  in  Provi- 
dence in  the  Journal  job  office,  beginning 
in  1866;  worked  in  Providence  until  1 869; 
located  in  Leavenworth,   Kas.,   in  1905. 

THOAIAS  E.  JFONNINGS — Died  Provi- 
dence October,  1869;  at  the  time  of  the 
fire  in  the  Evening  Press  office,  Dec.  31. 
1868,  he  was  the  only  printer  wlui  was 
rendered  unconscious  by  the  smoke  and 
liad  to  be  cari'ied  out  of  the  building;  he 
was  initiated  into  Providence  ITnion  May 
S,   1869. 


THE  JOURNEYMEN 


XLVII 


CHARLES  B.  JBUDBVINE — Initiated 
into  Providence  Union  July  9,  1870;  he 
was  a  noted  "tourist." 

CHARLES  E.  JILLSON  —  Born  Hart- 
ford, Conn.,  July  8,  1840  ;  learned  printing 
in  office  of  the  Times  of  that  city,  begin- 
ning in  1855  ;  came  to  Rhode  Island  in 
1876;  worked  at  E.  L.  Freeman's  eight 
years  and  in  various  offices  in  Provi- 
dence ;  initiated  into  No.  33  April  22, 
1883  ;  now  retired  from  the  business.  In 
the  Civil  War  Mr.  Jillson  went  out  with 
the  1st  Conn.  Inf.  and  re-enlisted  in  the 
1st  Conn.  Battery. 

WILLIAM  H.  JILLSON — Born  North 
Attleboro,  Mass.,  in  1871  ;  died  Black 
Mountain,  N.  C,  March  28,  1905,  where  he 
had  resided  for  the  benefit  of  his  health. 
He  learned  printing  at  Attleboro,  Mass., 
beginning  in  1888  ;  initiated  into  Provi- 
dence LTnion  Feb.  28,  1892,  and  worked  in 
this  city  at  Remington  Printing  Co. 

WILLIAM  J.  JOLLEY  —  Born  Wigan, 
England,  Jan.  14,  1863  ;  learned  printing 
on  the  Wigan  Examiner,  beginning  in 
1876;  admitted  to  Providence  Union  at 
the  June  meeting,  1887  ;  worked  on  the 
Journal  until  September,  1889  ;  "was  par- 
tial inventor  and  manipulator-in-chief  of 
the  'rotary'  board  in  the  Journal  office ; 
am  now  (1904)  practicing  a  rotation  of 
crops — raising  wheat,  oats  and  potatoes 
during  spring  and  summer ;  raising  the 
wind  in  the  fall  and  a  crop  of  whiskers 
during  the  winter,"  at  Edgemere,  near 
Spokane,  Wash. 

JENNIE  JONAS — Applied  for  admis- 
sion in  Waterbury  (Conn.)  Union  March, 
1901  ;  she  was  then  40  years  of  age,  and 
had  been  working  at  printing  since  1881, 
having  learned  on  the  Meriden  Journal  ; 
she  had  worked  in  Providence,  Springfield 
and  Hartford,  and  was  then  employed  on 
the  Waterbury  American. 

CORNELIUS  S.  JONES  (son  of  Josiah 
Jones) — Born  Providence  in  1812.  It  was 
said  that  "he  was  born  to  the  newspaper 
business,"  and  to  it  devoted  all  the  active 
years  of  his  life.  He  published  a  penny 
daily  in  this  city  in  the  early  years  of 
such  enterprises,  but  was  chiefly  known 
as  the  publisher  of  the  General  Adver- 
tiser, with  which  he  was  connected  for 
nearly  25  years.  He  died  June  29,  1877, 
aged  65  years. 

FRANK  E.  JONES — Initiated  into  Provi- 
dence Union  Jan.  31,  1886.  He  came  to 
this  city  from  England,  where  he  had 
learned  printing.  He  has  been  a  proof- 
reader and  telegraph  editor  on  the  Jour- 
nal and  now  holds  the  latter  position  on 
the  Tribune. 

JOSIAH  JONES — Born  Providence  in 
1782  ;  learned  printing  with  John  Carter, 
Jr.  ;  in  1807,  in  partnership  with  Bennett 
H.  Wheeler,  he  bought  the  Phenix,  a 
weekly  newspaper,   and  retained  his  con- 


nection with  that  paper  until  1832.  "Capt. 
Jones,  as  he  was  familiarly  called,  was 
a  practical  printer  during  his  whole  life. 
When  the  infirmities  of  age  incapacitated 
him  from  continuous  labor  he  would  still 
turn  his  steps  to  the  printing  office  of 
liis  son,  where  it  was  a  matter  of  pride 
with  him  to  take  occasionally  his  stand  at 
the  case  and  show  that  the  old  man  of 
80  years  had  not  forgotten  how  to  handle 
tlie  'stick'  and  'types.'  "  He  died  March 
23,  1868,  at  the  residence  of  his  son-in- 
law,  Joseph  Knowles,  in  his  84th  year. 

LLEWELLYN  T.  JONES — Born  Wrex- 
ham, county  of  Denbighshire,  North 
Wales;  apprenticed  May  1,  1870,  to  the 
Wrexham  Advertiser  ;  admitted  to  Provi- 
dence Union  at  the  September  meeting, 
1887  ;  worked  on  the  Telegram,  Dispatch 
and  at  Reid's  ;  employed  on  the  Courier- 
Citizen,  Lowell,  Mass.,  in  1904. 

WILLIAM  H.  JONES — Died  in  Provi- 
dence Oct.  12,  1867  ;  he  was  initiated  into 
Providence  Union  Oct.   13,   1866. 

WILLIAM  LEFURGE  JONES  —  Born 
New  York  city  Sept.  24,  1850  ;  learned 
printing  with  Methodist  Book  Concern, 
beginning  in  1864  ;  initiated  into  New 
York  Union  in  1871  ;  worked  in  Provi- 
dence  1882-'84. 

FREDERICK  T.  JOYCE  —  Born  Dor- 
chester, Mass.,  Jan.  25,  1878;  learned 
printing  at  office  of  Buker  Publishing  Co.  ; 
has  worked  at  offices  of  J.  A.  &  R.  A. 
Reid  and  Journal  of  Commerce  ;  now  em- 
ployed at  Rumford  Chemical  Works. 

CHARLES  T.  JUDSON — Born  Geneva, 
N.  Y.,  Sept.  8,  1858;  learned  printing  at 
Seaford,     Del.  ;     came     to     Providence     in 

1884  and    initiated    into    No.    33    May    31, 

1885  ;  went  to  Pawtucket  for  a  while,  but 
came  back  to  Providence  in  1890;  partici- 
pated in  the  effort  for  the  eight-hour  day 
in  1906. 

Initiated    Into    Providence    Typographical 
Union  on  Dates  Named : 
GEORGE  W.  JOHNS,  Feb.   24,   1901. 
C.  P.  JOHNSON,  March  27,  1887. 
GEORGE  C.  JONES,  June  11,  1864. 
HARVEY  E.  JONES,  Oct.   25,   1891. 

Admitted   by  Card  on  Dates  Named : 

WILLIAM  J.  JARVIS,  from  New  York, 
May  2  8,  1893  ;  worked  on  Journal. 

ALEX.  M.  JOHNSON,  May  27,  1883. 

HENRY  W.  JOHNSON,  Sept.  9,  1871. 

JAMES  J.  JONES,  from  Boston,  April 
8    1883 

'  JOHN  JOYCE,  March  27.  1884.  Re- 
ported dead. 

IRVING  JUDD,  August,   1886. 

Names  from  Providence  Directory : 

GEORGE  C.  JENCKES — 1844  at  Jour- 
nal. 

JOHN  JESSE — 1850  at  29  Market 
square. 


XLVIII 


PRINTERS  AND  PRINTING  IN  PROVIDENCE 


GEORGE  W.  JOHNSON  — 1852-'54 
worked  at  Journal  office. 

GEORGE  JUDD — 1838  at  15  Market 
square. 

ADONIRAM  JUDSON  KEACH  —  Born 
Hoosac,  N.  Y.,  in  1830;  received  iiis 
education  at  the  academy  in  tliat  place  ; 
some  years  after  leaving  school,  witli  his 
brother  Abram,  he  published  the  Lowell 
Sun  ;  in  Waterbury,  Conn.,  he  edited  a 
paper  for  a  few  years  ;  in  1870  he  entered 
the  employ  of  the  Providence  Journal  as 
proofreader,  which  position  he  held  at  the 
time  of  his  death,  April  29,  1903,  although 
he  had  not  been  able  to  attend  to  his 
duties  since  the  previous  January.  He 
was  admitted  to  Providence  Union  by 
Chicago  card  July  11,   1868. 

ALBERT  J.  KEACH  —  Died  Provi- 
dence July  30,  1889,  in  his  35th  year;  he 
began  to  learn  printing  in  his  father's 
(A.  J.  Keach)  office  in  Waterbury,  Conn., 
but  served  a  regular  apprenticeship  on 
the  Providence  Journal  ;  he  was  initiated 
into  Providence  Union  Jan.  11,  1873; 
worked  in  New  York,  Worcester,  Spring- 
field and  Boston,  and  was  assistant  fore- 
man of  the  Boston  Advertiser  at  the  time 
of  death.  His  funeral  was  attended  by 
representatives  from  that  office,  the  Bos- 
ton Franklin  Society  and  the  Providence 
Journal. 

JOHN  E.  KEEFE  —  Born  Providence 
Jan.  15,  1876  ;  learned  printing  in  office 
of  Whittemore  &  Colburn,  beginning  in 
1890;  initiated  into  No.  33  Oct.  25,  1903; 
employed  at  Franklin  Press. 

JOHN  P.  KEENAN — Born  Pawtucket 
Feb.  25,  1876  ;  learned  printing  in  offices 
of  Pawtucket  Tribune  and  Times  ;  worked 
in  Providence  at  E.  A.  Johnson's  and  on 
the  Evening  Bulletin  ;  became  member  of 
No.  33  April  30,  1899;  has  charge  of  the 
advertising  department  in  the  composing 
room  of  Evening  Bulletin. 

PHILIP  E.  KELLER — Died  New  York 
city  March  1,  1904,  aged  42  years.  He 
was  admitted  to  Providence  Union  by 
card  October,   1887. 

HERBERT  CLINTON  KELLS  —  Died 
Providence  r>ec.  28,  1904,  aged  42  years, 
10  months  and  24  days;  he  was  born  in 
Hudson,  N.  Y.,  but  removed  to  Pittsfiekl, 
Mass.,  in  1875,  where  he  began  to  study 
mu.sic  and  learn  printing  ;  he  plaj'ed  in  all 
the  bands  of  note  in  and  about  Pittstiehl  ; 
he  removed  to  this  city  in  1902  and  was 
admitted  by  card  to  Providence  Union 
S^pt.  28  of  that  year;  subseciuently  he 
withdrew  and  became  a  member  of  the 
Pressmen's  Union  ;  ho  was  also  a  mem- 
ber of  the  Musii-ians'  Union  and  of  the 
Royal  Arcanum  ;  he  was  l)ui'ied  in  Pitts- 
field. 

FRANCIS  E.  KELLY— Born  Whitefleld. 
Me.,  in  1839;  began  to  learn  printing  in 
office     of     Woonsocket     r'atriot     in     1851  ; 


came  to  Providence  in  1856  and  worked 
on  Journal,  Post  and  Tribune ;  enlisted 
June  5.  1861,  in  2d  R.  I.  Inf.  and  served 
until  May.  1862,  in  Co.  D,  holding  rank  of 
corporal  ;  participated  in  the  battles  of 
Bull  Run  and  Williamsburg  and  siege  of 
Yorktown  ;  was  stricken  with  fever  and 
ague  and  compelled  to  visit  California  in 
search  of  health,  remaining  there  until 
1869.  After  his  return  from  the  Pacific 
coast  he  was  emplo>ed  on  the  newspapers 
in  this  city  until  1873,  when  he  accepted 
the  foremanship  of  the  Woonsocket  Re- 
porter and  has  remained  in  that  city 
since.  Mr.  Kelly  has  been  active  in  poli- 
tics in  Woonsocket  and  has  held  many 
important  offices.  In  1906  he  was  elected 
to  the  Legislature,  receiving  the  nomina- 
tion from  organized  labor  and  the  Demo- 
crats, and  votes  enough  from  Republi- 
cans to  win.  In  the  Legislature  he  served 
on  the  committees  on  labor  and  accounts, 
and  was  among  those  who  voted  for  Col. 
Goddard  for  U.  S.  Senator  from  the  first 
ballot  to  the  close  of  the  session  and 
never  missed  a  roll  call.  Mr.  Kelly  was 
a  charter  member  of  Providence  Union 
in  1857  and  Vice  President  in  1858  and 
1859.  He  is  President  of  Woonsocket 
Union  in  1907. 

PATRICK  HENRY  KELLY— Born  Mai- 
den, Mass.,  June  12,  1851  ;  learned  print- 
ing at  Lynn,  Mass.  ;  worked  in  Providence 
in    1876. 

WILLIAM  F.  KENEFICK— Born  Law- 
rence, Mass.,  Aug.  30,  1854  ;  learned  print- 
ing on  tlie  Lawrence  Sentinel,  beginning 
in  1872  ;  lield  cases  on  Boston  Globe  and 
Herald,  three  years  foreman  of  Boston 
Courier  and  seven  years  foreman  of  Bos- 
ton News  Bureau  ;  in  1886  initiated  into 
Boston  Typographical  Union ;  he  was 
business  manager  of  Providence  Visitor 
for  several  years  until  1904.  when  he 
resigned  and  returned  to  Boston. 

ROBERT  T.  KENNETH — Born  West- 
erly. R.  I.,  in  1854  ;  learned  printing  on 
the  Narragansett  Weekly,  beginning  in 
1868  ;  worked  in  Providence  on  the  Jour- 
nal 1875-1880;  now  employed  on  Water- 
bury   (Conn.)    American. 

FRANK  KILLDUFF— Born  Pittsburg, 
Pa..  May  4,  1876;  learned  trade  in  that 
city,  beginning  in  1890  ;  admitted  to  Provi- 
dence Union  at  October  meeting.  1904  ; 
worked  in  most  of  the  important  cities  of 
the  country. 

HENRY  KING  (printer),  son  of  Capt. 
Jolm  King — Died  Providence  Jan.  24,  1-824, 
in  his  24th  year.  The  funeral  was  from 
his  mother's  residence,  near  the  Rev. 
Mr.  Wilson's  Meeting  House. — Rhode  Is- 
land American,  Jan.   24.  1824. 

AUGUSTUS  B.  KINGSLEY — Died  Pom- 
fret,  Conn.,  Marcli  22,  1823;  he  had  been 
an  apprentice  in  tlie  office  of  the  Pi-ovi- 
dence  Patriot,  but  had  been  away  from 
that  office  since  the  previous  1st  of  Janu- 
ar.v  on  a  visit  to  his  relatives,  during 
which  visit  he  liad  taken  sick  anil  dieii. 


THE  JOURNEYMEN 


XLIX 


ERNST  F.  KLAUSCH — Born  Germany 
July  10,  1857;  learned  the  trade  of 
machinist  in  that  country  ;  came  to  Provi- 
dence in  1891  to  care  for  the  linotype 
machines  at  night  in  the  Journal  office, 
where  he  is  at  present  employed  ;  he  was 
initiated  into  Providence  Typographical 
Union  Aug.   26,   1900. 

OSCAR  KLEBART  —  Born  Webster, 
Mass.,  March  6,  1867  ;  learned  printing  in 
Webster,  beginning  in  1886;  initiated  into 
Providence  Union  Oct.  30,  1892  ;  worked 
in  this  city  1891-1899,  when  he  was  com- 
pelled to  leave  the  business  because  of 
ill-health  ;  appointed  regular  letter  carrier 
in  Webster  July  15,  1901,  and  has  since 
recovered  his  health  ;  is  civil  service  ex- 
aminer in  the  Webster  district  and  also 
secretary  of  Branch  831,  National  Asso- 
ciation of  Letter  Carriers. 

ROBERT  KNIGHT — Born  1882  ;  learned 
printing  on  Staten  Island  Times,  begin- 
ning in  1898;  worked  in  New  York  city; 
initiated  into  Providence  Union  Oct.  27, 
1901. 

JAMES  D.  KNOWLES — Was  foreman 
of  the  American  office  about  1819,  and 
partner  with  William  G.  Goddard  from 
July  6,  1819,  to  Oct.  6,  1820,  in  the  publi- 
cation of  that  paper. 

JOHN  POWER  KNOWLES  —  Died 
Providence  Aug.  3,  1887,  in  his  SOth  year; 
he  began  to  learn  printing  when  11  years 
old  in  the  office  of  Hugh  H.  Brown  ;  be- 
fore reaching  his  majority  he  engaged 
with  a  senior  partner  in  the  business  and 
continued  until  1830,  when  he  began  to 
study  for  the  law ;  he  graduated  from 
Brown  University  in  1836  and  from  Har- 
vard Law  School  in  1838,  and  the  latter 
year  was  admitted  to  the  Rhode  Island 
bar ;  he  was  in  active  sympathy  with 
Thomas  W.  Dorr  in  the  agitation  of  1841- 
'43  ;  he  was  reporter  of  decisions  of  the 
Supreme  Court  of  Rhode  Island  from  1855 
to  1857,  and  from  1865  to  1867  ;  represen- 
tative from  Providence  in  the  General 
Assembly  in  1855  and  1856  ;  city  solicitor 
of  Providence  in  1866  and  1867  ;  appointed 
by  the  President,  Judge  of  the  District 
Court  of  the  United  States  for  the  Dis- 
trict of  Rhode  Island  in  October,  1869, 
and  held  that  position  until  March,  1881, 
when  he  resigned. 

JOSEPH  KNOWLES — Born  Niantic,  in 
the  town  of  Westerly,  R.  I.,  July  3,  1810. 
He  was  educated  in  the  common  schools 
of  his  native  place  and  at  the  academy 
at  Kingston.  He  was  apprenticed  to  Wil- 
liam Storer,  the  publisher  of  a  news- 
paper at  Stonington,  Conn.,  with  whom 
he  remained  two  years,  but  the  paper 
was  not  successful,  and  the  indentures 
were  cancelled.  He  removed  to  Provi- 
dence in  1832,  where  he  entered  into  the 
service  of  Josiah  Jones,  publisher  of  the 
Providence  Patriot  and  Columbian  Phenix. 
Mr.  Knowles  engageJ  in  several  printing 
enterprises  in  Providence.     With  the  late 


James  S.  Ham  he  purchased  The  Micro- 
cosm, which  was  continued  about  one 
year.  He  published  also  the  Commercial 
Advertiser  for  a  short  time  and  the  Liter- 
ary Journal.  In  1838  Mr.  Knowles  and 
William  L.  Burroughs  purchased  the  Provi- 
dence Journal,  with  which  business  he 
was  connected  36  years.  He  died  in 
Providence  Dec.  21,  1874. 

CHARLES  LEONARD  KOJAN — Born 
New  York  city  Aug.  11,  1861;  learned 
printing  in  office  of  John  Polhemus  in 
that  city,  beginning  in  1875;  worked  in 
Providence  in  1885  ;  employed  on  the  New 
York  Journal  in   1907. 

JOHN  A.  KOPP — Born  Providence  in 
February,  1862  ;  learned  printing  in  office 
of  Journal,  beginning  in  18S2  ;  admitted 
to  Providence  Union  by  card  July  1,  1883  ; 
worked  in  Providence  on  the  Journal  until 
1892,  when  he  went  to  the  Bo.ston  Jour- 
nal, remaining  there  until  Hearst's  Ameri- 
can was  started,  where  he  is  now  em- 
ployed as  a  linotype  operator. 

MARCUS  KOPPLEM.A.NN — Born  Odes- 
sa, Russia,  Nov.  22,  1873;  learned  print- 
ing at  Athol,  Mass.  ;  worked  in  Providence 
on  the  Telegram  in  1892  ;  located  in  Hart- 
ford, Conn.,  in  1904. 

MAX  KRIEDEL  —  Born  in  1865;  he 
learned  printing  in  Germany ;  was  initi- 
ated into  Providence  Union  April  30,  1899. 

Initiated    Into    Providence    Typographical 
Union  on  Dates  Named : 

FRANK  KAY,  March  28,  1886;  Presi- 
dent Atlantic  City  Union  in  1901  ;  finan- 
cial secretarv  in  1906. 

JAMES  KELLY,   Nov.    24.   1895. 

CHARLES  H.  KING,  Feb.  27,  1884  ; 
located  in  New  York  city. 

Admitted    by   Card   on   Dates   Named : 

E.  S.  KAHN,  July  10,  1888  (stereo- 
typer. ) 

J.  D.  KAVANAGH,  June,  1886. 

JOSEPH   KEARNS,   Septe.-nber.    1888. 

J.  T.  KEISER,  March  31,  1901. 

MILTON  KELLEY,  May  31,  1903. 

C.  J.  KELLY,  August,   1886. 

EDWARD  J.  KELLY,  May  29,  1898; 
also  Jan.  29,  1893. 

JOHN  KELLY,  Sept.  10,  1870  ;  also  May 
2  8,  1899.      (May  be  different  persons.) 

S.  T.  KELLY.  Jan.   29.   18:) 3. 

HENRY  KENNEY,  June,   1888. 

H.  T.  KENNY,  June  24,  1900. 

WILLIAM   KINSMAN,   December,   1884. 

CHARLES  E.  KIRK,  October,  1886. 

J.  F.  KITSON,  May  31,   1891. 

Names  from  Providence  Directory  : 

C.  D.  KENYON — 1891-'92  on  Telegram. 

J.  W.  H.  KILTON — 1856  at  24  West- 
minster street  ;  1857  clei'k  Commercial 
Steamboat  Co. 

WILLIAM  KNOWr.,RS — ISll  at  J<Hn- 
nal  office;  1844  at  Whipple  building;  LSI? 
attorney. 


PRINTERS  AND  PRINTING  IN  PROVIDENCE 


RICHARD  E.  LACY — Born  Providence 
Oct.  28.  1875;  learned  printing  at  Ryder 
&  Dearth's,  beginning  in  1802;  initiated 
into  Piovidence  Union  March  2.5.  1900; 
worked  at  Snow  &  Farnham'.s  and  J.  C. 
Hall  Co.  ;  now  employed  on  Evening 
Bulletin. 

HENRY  B.  LADD  —  Born  Providence 
Feb.  16,  1841.  At  the  beginning  of  his 
apprenticeship  in  18."i7  ho  was  rechris- 
tened  "Pica"  by  N.  Bangs  Williams,  and 
the  name  has  clung  to  him  in  printing 
circles  ever  since.  For  several  years  he 
was  in  charge  of  the  news  department 
of  the  Morning  Herald,  and  on  its  sus- 
pension in  1873  entered  the  employ  of 
the  Journal  Co.  as  telegraph  editor,  which 
position  he  retained  for  30  years.  He 
was  initiated  into  Providence  Union  April 
13,  1867,  and  was  granted  an  honorable 
withdrawal  card  at  the  March  (1904) 
meeting. 

GEORGE  LA  FAYE — Was  a  composi- 
tor on  the  Journal  in  1850.  He  went  to 
New  York  city  and  became  a  master 
printer  there.  The  Turf,  Field  and  Farm, 
Police  Gazette,  Sunday  Democrat  and 
other  periodicals  were  printed  in  his 
office.     He  died  in  that  city. 

JOHN  J.  LAFFEY,  JR. — Born  Nov.  8, 
1884,  at  No.  174  Harold  street,  Provi- 
dence ;  learned  printing  in  the  office  of 
the  Journal,  beginning  Sept.  16,  1900; 
initiated  into  Providence  Typographical 
Union  Nov.  27,  1904  ;  now  employed  on 
Tribune. 

THOMAS  E.  LAHEY  —  Born  Mystic. 
Conn.,  Oct.  9,  1861  ;  learned  printing  in 
that  town,  in  the  Press  office  ;  initiated 
into  New  Haven  Union  in  1883  ;  worked 
in  Providence  in  1884,  '85  and  '88,  on  the 
Telegram,  Journal,  at  E.  A.  Johnson's 
and  at  the  Marion  Printing  Co.  ;  admit- 
ted to  Providence  Union  by  card  Sept. 
24,  1884;  located  in  the  Westerly  Sun 
office  since  1889. 

JOHN  M.  LAVIS — Born  London,  Eng- 
land, June  6,  1851  ;  learned  printing  in 
office  of  Rand  &  Avery,  Boston,  begin- 
ning in  1868  ;  admitted  to  Providence 
Union  by  card  March  14,  1874;  visited 
this  city  again  in  1884  ;  delegate  from 
Boston  Union  in  1892  to  the  I.  T.  U. 
convention  at  Pliiladelphia,  Pa.  ;  was 
instrumental  in  unionizing  tlie  Boston 
Traveler  in  1890  (the  office  had  been 
non-union  since  1864)  ;  has  been  a  mem- 
ber of  "Big  6"  of  New  York  city  ;  at 
present  resident  of  Boston. 

GEORGE  P.  LAWRENCE— Died  West 
Barrington,  R.  I.,  Dec.  9,  1873.  He  was 
a  member  of  Providence  Union,  having 
been  admitted  tliat  year  ;  also  of  Prescott 
Post,  G.  A.  R.  ;  served  as  corporal  in 
Co.  C,  4th  R.  I.  Inf.,  in  Civil  war,  S.-pt. 
9.  1861,  to  March,  1863;  wounded  at 
battle  of  Nowbcrne,  N.  C. 


ROSCOE  N.  LAWTON — Born  Natick, 
R.  I.,  Jan.  14,  1859;  learned  printing  in 
office  of  Pawtuxet  Valley  Gleaner  at 
Phenix,  beginning  March  29,  1876.  on  the 
second  issue  of  that  paper ;  worked  in 
Providence  on  Journal  and  Bulletin  for 
13  years,  beginning  in  November,  1886; 
initiated  into  Providence  Union  Feb.  27, 
1887;  was  foreman  of  Providence  News 
for  a  short  time  in  1889;  at  present 
owner  and  manager  of  the  East  Avenue 
Bakery,   Natick,   R.   I. 

FRANKLIN  A.  LEACH — Born  Bethel, 
Me.,  June  29,  1878;  learned  printing  in 
the  office  of  the  Bethel  News ;  initiated 
into  Providence  Union  Aug.  30,  1903  ; 
has  worked  in  Springfield,  Mass.,  on  the 
Homestead ;  employed  on  the  Pawtuxet 
Valley  Gleaner  in   1904. 

ROYAL  B.  LEACH — Born  Middleboro, 
Vt.,  Jan.  31,  1843  ;  learned  printing  on 
the  Register  in  that  town  ;  first  came  to 
Providence  in  1865;  initiated  into  No.  33 
April  10,  1869;  worked  in  almost  every 
office  in  this  city  ;  now  a  travelling  sales- 
man. 

WILLIAM  M.  LEAVITT  —  Born  Leba- 
non, N.  H.,  in  1853;  learned  printing  in 
that  town,  beginning  in  1870;  initiated 
into  Providence  Union  at  the  first  meet- 
ing of  tlie  reorganized  Union  April  8, 
1883;  I.  T.  U.  delegate  in  1888;  worked 
here  on  the  Journal  1877-1890;  at  pres- 
ent employed  in  Government  Printing 
Office  at  Washington,  D.  C. 

MICHAEL  W.  LEDDY  —  Born  Cork. 
Ireland,  Oct.  3,  1880;  learned  printing 
in  Pawtucket  Times  office  1896-1900; 
worked  on  Woonsocket  Sun,  Pawtucket 
Tribune  and  at  Hough  Printing  Co.  ; 
joined  Pawtucket  Union  in  1900;  admit- 
ted to  Providence  Union  by  card  June, 
1906;  now  employed  on  Evening  Bulletin. 

CHARLES  H.  LEE  —  Born  Scranton, 
Pa.  ;  learned  printing  trade  in  Boston, 
Mass.,  with  Sparrel  Print  ;  came  to  Provi- 
dence in  1894  ;  initiated  into  Providence 
Union  March  31,  1901;  conducted  the 
eight-hour  strike,  1906-'07  ;  delegate  to 
N.  E.  Allied  Printing  Trades'  convention, 
1906;  delegate  to  Central  Trades'  and 
Labor  Union,   1907. 

GEORGE  W.  LEE — Born  Conway, 
Mass.,  Sept.  13,  1880;  learned  printing 
on  Providence  Telegram,  beginning  in 
1896;  initiated  into  No.  33  Feb.  24,  1901; 
went  to  Boston  in  1904  ;  now  employed 
on   Boston  Herald. 

E.  P.  LEGNARD — Born  1875;  learned 
printing  at  Rouse's  Point,  N.  Y.  ;  elected 
to  membership  in  Providence  Union  May 
29,  1898;  at  tlie  October  meeting  initia- 
tion fee  was  ordered  returned,  as  Mr. 
Legnard  had  left  the  business. 

JOSEPH  E.  LEMIRE — Born  St.  Ger- 
main, Canada.  July  14,  1881;  learned 
printing  on    Woicester  Gazette,   beginning 


THE  JOURNEYMEN 


LI 


in  1900  ;  worked  in  Boston,  Worcester 
and  Montreal  ;  admitted  by  card  to  Provi- 
dence Union  at  February  meeting,  1906  ; 
now  linotype  operator  on  Pawtucket  Times. 

JOHN  P.  LENAHAN  —  Born  Provi- 
dence, R.  I.,  March  25,  1880;  learned 
trade  on  Providence  Journal,  beginning 
in  1903  ;  initiated  into  Providence  Union 
May,  1906  ;  employed  on  copy  desk  of 
Journal. 

JOHN  F.  LBNNON— Born  Pawtucket, 
R.  I.,  Nov.  29,  1875;  learned  printing 
trade  in  the  offices  of  the  Providence 
Journal  and  Pawtucket  Times ;  worked 
in  Providence  in  the  years  1889-1900  ; 
now  employed  on  Tribune. 

PETER  F.  LEONARD — Born  Albany, 
N.  Y.,  Feb.  28,  1866;  began  to  learn 
printing  in  1879  on  Albany  E.xpress  ;  ini- 
tiated into  Albany  Union  in  188.3  ;  ad- 
mitted to  Providence  Union  by  card  June, 
1887  ;  worked  here  about  one  year  on 
Evening  Telegram. 

CARL  W.  LEUFGREN  —  Born  Stock- 
holme,  Sweden,  in  1871  ;  learned  printing 
in  Chicago  and  Providence  ;  worked  in 
this  city,  1889  to  fall  of  1893,  at  Reid's, 
Johnson's,  "Wilson's  and  Evening  Tele- 
gram :  in  the  last  office  had  his  "first 
experience  at  newspaper  work,  and  also 
learned  the  linotype  machine  there  ;" 
initiated  into  No.  33  December,  1892  ; 
in  1896  subbed  on  the  Journal;  now 
located  in  New  York  city. 

JOSEPH  B.  LEVBNS — Began  to  learn 
printing  in  Fall  River  in  1868,  coming  to 
Providence  in  1871,  at  the  expiration  of 
his  apprenticeship  ;  in  this  city  he  worked 
on  the  Press,  and  later  on  the  Journal ; 
for  a  time  he  was  telegraph  editor  on 
the  latter  paper.  He  was  initiated  into 
Providence  Union  June  10,  1871,  and  was 
financial  secretary  in  187  8,  when  the 
charter  was  surrendered ;  again  initi- 
ated June  27,  1886  ;  went  to  Boston  in 
1891  ;  now  employed  on  the  Transcript. 

HERCULES  LEVEQUE— Born  Woon- 
socket,  R.  I.,  Nov.  4,  1867;  learned  print- 
ing in  Winnipeg,  Manitoba,  on  the  Times, 
beginning  Aug.  28,  1883  ;  admitted  by 
card  to  Providence  Union  Oct.  30,  1892, 
when  he  worked  on  the  Philanthrope,  a 
French  paper,  and  again  May  30.  1897, 
when  he  worked  on  the  News  ;  member 
of  the  printing  firm  of  Church  &  Le- 
veque  at  18  Rose  street.  New  York  city, 
in    1904. 

ANDREW  J.  LEWIS  —  Died  at  the 
Union  Printers'  Home  in  Colorado 
Springs,  Colo.,  April  3,  1901,  aged  52 
years ;  he  was  initiated  into  Providence 
Union  Nov.  9,  1873  ;  worked  on  the  Star 
and  Journal,  and  afterward  was  fore- 
man of  the  Pawtucket  Times. 

WILLIAM  LEWIS  —  Born  St.  John, 
N.  B.,  July  26,  1860;  learned  the  print- 
ing trade  with  Barnes  &  Co.  in  that  city. 


beginning  in  1874  ;  worked  in  Boston, 
Lynn,  Haverhill,  Salem,  Lawrence,  Lowell 
and  Marlboro  in  Massachusetts  until  1885, 
when  he  came  to  Providence  and  entered 
the  Journal  office  ;  learned  to  run  a  lino- 
type on  the  introduction  of  the  machines. 
Mr.  Lewis  is  a  noted  checker  player  and 
for  many  years  edited  the  checker  col- 
umn of  the  Providence  Sunday  Journal ; 
now  located   in   New  Bedford,   Mass. 

WILLIAM  D.  LILLY — Born  Hope, 
R.  I.,  Nov.  28,  1867  ;  learned  printing  in 
the  office  of  the  Rumford  Chemical 
Works,  where  he   is  now  employed. 

JOHN  B.  LINCOLN — Died  Providence, 
R.  I.,  Aug.  8,  1874,  in  his  55th  year.  His 
name  appears  in  the  Providence  Direc- 
tory of  1847  as  a  printer;  in  1852  he 
started  the  Kent  County  Atlas,  the  first 
newspaper  printed  in  that  county ;  he 
was  a  charter  member  of  Providence 
Union  in  1857.  In  the  Civil  war  he 
served  as  1st  sergeant  in  Co.  D,  2d  R.  I. 
Vols.,  from  June   5,   1861,  to  Jan.   8,   1862. 

WILLIAM  P.  LINN — Born  Providence 
May  1,  1887  ;  learned  trade  of  machine 
tender  with  Snow  &  Farnham  ;  joined 
effort  for  eight-hour  day  October,  1906  ; 
now  located  in  Providence. 

KARL  LISKER — Born  Medziboz,  Pad. 
Russia,  Oct.  26,  1884  ;  learned  printing  at 
J.  C.  Hall's,  beginning  in  1901  ;  initiated 
into  Providence  Union  Sept.  24,  1905  ; 
participated  in  the  effort  for  eight-hour 
day  in  1906. 

FRANK  LIVINGSTON — Born  Worces- 
ter, Mass.,  Nov.  18,  1883  ;  learned  printing 
at  Franklin  Press,  beginning  in  1898  ;  ini- 
tiated into  Providence  Union  June  30, 
1901  ;  participated  in  the  effort  for  the 
eight-hour  day  in  1906. 

JOHN  J.  LIVINGSTON — Born  Worces- 
ter May  19,  1881  ;  learned  trade  at 
Thompson  &  Thompson's,  beginning  in 
1904  ;  participated  in  the  effort  for  the 
eight-hour  day. 

WALTER  I.  LOCKE — Born  Providence 
Feb.  7,  1875  ;  learned  printing  in  a  job 
office  on  Mathewson  street,  beginning  in 
18 14  ;  was  head  pressman  for  the  Alber- 
type  Co.  when  located  at  80  East  George 
street  ;  admitted  to  I.  T.  U.  at  Tucson, 
Ariz.,   in   1905. 

JOHN  LOCKHART  —  Born  Glasgow. 
Scotland,  in  1832  ;  learned  printing  in 
Glasgow,  beginning  in  1847  ;  admitted  to 
Providence  Union  by  Troy  card  March 
9,  1872  ;  at  Union  Printers'  Home,  Colo- 
rado,  in    1905. 

JOHN  J.  LOCKLIN — Born  Lancashire. 
England,  p-eb.  8,  1854  ;  learned  printing 
at  Journal  job  office,  beginning  in  1869  ; 
initiated  into  Providence  Union  July  13. 
1S72;  worked  on  Evening  Press  and  in 
Journal  office  ;  now  employed  at  lattei- 
office. 


LII 


PRINTERS  AND  PRINTING  IN  PROVIDENCE 


JOHN  F.  LONSDALE — Born  Port  Hu- 
ron, Ontario,  Can.,  June  3,  1844  ;  served 
a  four  years'  apprenticeship  on  tlie  Port 
Hope  Guide,  beginning  Nov.  2,  1858;  ini- 
tiated into  Providence  Union  May  21. 
1864  ;  worlted  in  tliis  city  on  the  Evening 
Press  until  the  .spring  of  1869,  except 
about  one  year  spent  in  New  Yorlt  city  ; 
was  "the  hist  person  to  come  down  the 
chain"  on  the  occasion  of  tlie  fire,  Dec. 
31,  1868;  employed  at  American  Press 
Association,  New  Yorli  city,  in  1905. 

JABEZ  LORD — Died  New  York  city 
Nov.  26,  1883  ;  he  was  a  charter  member 
of  Providence  Union  in  1857,  President 
in  1858,  delegate  to  tlie  national  conven- 
tion at  Boston  in  1859,  Vice  President 
in  1863  and  secretary  in  1860  and  1863; 
President  of  Columbia  Typographical 
Union,  No.  101,  of  Washington,  D.  C,  in 
1870  ;  member  of  No.   6  at  time  of  death. 

ED.  PHINNEY  LOTHROP — Born  Barn- 
stable, Mass.,  April  30,  1836;  learned 
printing  in  office  of  Yarmouth  ( Mass. ) 
Register,  beginning  in  1855  ;  served  in 
both  army  and  navy  in  the  Civil  war, 
after  which  he  returned  to  printing  in 
1866;  worked  on  Pawtu?ket  Gazette  and 
Chronicle,  Central  Falls  Weekly  Visitor, 
Providence  Evening  Press,  Pawtucket 
Gazette  and  Chronicle  and  at  B.  L.  Free- 
man &  Sons,  in  the  order  named ;  initi- 
ated into  Providence  Union  Dec.  12,  1868; 
charter  member  of  Pawtucket  Union  ;  at 
present  proofreader  at  E.  L.  I-'reeman  & 
Sons.  Mr.  Lothrop  has  succeeded  in 
"compiling  a  voluminous  volume  (unpub- 
lished) containing  a  summary — statisti- 
cal and  otherwise — of  some  of  the  opera- 
tions of  the  Army  of  the  Potomac  dur- 
ing the  Civil  war,  with  personal  expe- 
riences." He  has  also  contributed  articles 
for  the  press,  among  which  are  "Recol- 
lections of  Cape  Cod  in  Boyhood,"  "Seven 
Historic  Days — Army  of  the  Potomac," 
"Only  a  Memory  Now,"  "A  Cruise  on 
U.  S.  Frigate  Sabine  During  Civil  War," 
"The  Nation's  Dead,"   etc.,  etc. 

WALTER  W.  LUDLOW — Born  Penn 
Yan,  N.  Y.,  Feb.  26,  1856;  learned  print- 
ing there,  beginning  in  March,  1871  ;  ad- 
mitted to  Providence  Union  May  28, 
1884  ;  foreman  Evening  Telegram  for 
about  four  months  in  1884;  now  chief 
clerk  of  the  U.  S.  Treasury  Department 
at  Washington,   1).   C. 

CHARLES  J.  LUNDERGAN  — Died 
suddenly  while  on  a  visit  to  his  mother 
in  East  Cambridge,  Mass..  Sept.  8,  1904. 
He  was  a  member  of  New  York  Herald 
cliapel  at  the  time  of  death,  having 
worked  there  .^ince  leaving  Providence 
the  previous  May.  His  funeral  was  one 
of  the  largest  ever  seen  in  his  native 
town.  Mr.  Lundergan  was  born  In  Cam- 
bridge Aug.  1.  LS7fi  ;  learned  printing  in 
the  office  of  the  Boston  Journal  ;  admit- 
ted to  Providence  I'njon  by  .ard  :it  the 
Ma.v   meeting.    ]'>(t\. 


WILLIAM  A.  LUTHER — Born  Swan- 
sea, Mass.,  June  18,  1844;  learned  print- 
ing in  the  offices  of  the  Warren  Gazette 
and  Fall  River  News,  beginning  in  1858; 
when  17  years  old  he  enlisted  in  the  2d 
R.  I.  Inf.  and  served  in  Co.  G  during 
the  Civil  war ;  initiated  into  Providence 
Union  March  14,  1868;  worked  on  New 
York  World  in  1869  and  later  was  a 
policeman  in  the  metropolis  ;  returned  to 
Providence  in  1873  and  has  worked  in 
this  city  since  until  incapacitated. 

WINFIELD    V.    LUTHER — Member  of 

Providence    Union    in     1877;    worked  at 

Press  book  room  ;  now  in  the  employ  of 
the   Providence   Gas  Co. 

JOHN  J.  LYNCH  —  Born  Montreal. 
Canada,  Aug.  31,  1857  ;  learned  printing 
in  the  office  of  the  Irish  World,  begin- 
ning in  1870.  when  it  was  published  in 
Brooklyn,  N.  Y.  ;  returning  to  Montreal, 
Mr.  Lynch  was  initiated  into  No.  176  and 
worked  on  the  Montreal  Gazette  and 
other  newspapers  of  that  city ;  visited 
Providence  in  1877  ;  deposited  his  card 
in  New  York  Union  Aug.  8,  1878,  and 
has  been  an  honored  member  of  "Big 
Six"  since  that  date. 

CHARLES  LYONS  —  Learned  printing 
in  St.  Catherines.  Canada  ;  was  admitted 
to  Providence  Union  by  card  July  13, 
1872  ;  worked  on  the  Morning  Herald 
and  later  on  the  Morning  Star ;  went 
from  here  to  Chicago  ;  he  died  either  in 
that  city  or  at  his  home  in  St.  Cather- 
ines in  the   80's. 

JAMES    P.     LYONS — Born    Providence 

July  22,  1873  ;  learned  printing  at  Whit- 
temore  &  Colburn's,  beginning  in  1888; 
worked  in  Pawtucket  and  Woonsocket ; 
initiated  into  Providence  Union  May  29, 
1892;  participated  in  the  effort  for  the 
eight-hour  day  in  1906  ;  now  employed  on 
the   News-Democrat. 

Initiated    Into    Providence     Typographical 
Union  on  Dates  Named: 

GODFREY  LABELLE,  Dec.   12,   1868. 

EUGENE  N.  LANCASTER,  April  15. 
1883. 

EUGENE  R.  LATHROP.  July  11.  1868. 
Now  emploN'ed  on   Boston  Journal. 

JOHN   P.   LENNIS.    December.    1892. 

WILLIAM    P.  LIVESEY,  March  14,  1868. 

ALBERT  LOCKWOOD,  July  9,   1859. 

ALBERT  LYON,  Feb.  27,  1887.  (Stereo- 
tvper. ) 

WILLIAM  LYON,  Feb.  27,  1887;  by 
card  January,   1889.     (Stereotyper. ) 

Admitted   by  Card  on  Dates  Named: 

JOHN   LAIRD.   Julv   25,   1897. 
HYRON   LANE,    November,    1886. 
ERNEST    LANE,    Feb.    22.    1SS5. 
GIOOHGE  W.    LANCE.  June  29.   1890. 
W.    F.    LANGWILL,   June.    1889. 
H.    F.   LEE.    November.    1905. 
WALTER  A.   LEE,  January.   1885. 
i:i>\\ARD  J.  LENNON,  March  25.  19(16. 


THE  JOURNEYMEN 


LIII 


GEORGE  F.  LEONARD,  May  27,    1883. 
EDWARD   LESLIE,    February,    1886. 
CHARLES  LETT,   June   8,   1872. 
BERTRAM  C.   LORING,  March  27,  1904. 
W.   G.   LOY,   March   27,    1884. 
HENRY    P.    LYNCH,    November,    1884. 

Names  from  Providence  Directory  : 

GARDINER  LILLIBRIDGE  —   1824 

worked  over   5   Market  square. 
CHARLES  H.  LORD — 1838. 

Printers   Known    to   Have    Worked   Here : 

WILLIAM  G.  EARNED — Publisher  of 
Morning  Courier,  began  June  6,  1836  ; 
sold  to  Journal  Jan.   29,    1841. 

ORLANDO  LE  BARRON — Before  1874. 

HENRY  LEIS — 1855  worked  at  24 
Westminster  street;  1857  at  Journal 
office ;  member  of  Providence  Union  be- 
fore  1865. 

WILLIAM  A.  LEONARD — 1857  cliar- 
ter  member  ;  worked  at  101  Westminster 
street;  member  in   1865. 

CHARLES  W.  LITTELL  —  Member 
Providence  Union  in  1877  ;  now  in  busi- 
ness at  333  Westminster  street. 

WILLIAM  K.  LOGEE — Name  in  1870 
constitution  ;  honorary  member  Provi- 
dence Union   in    1877. 

VICTOR  LOOMIS — 1873  and  at  other 
times  ;  one  of  tlie  old-time  swifts. 

CHARLES  LOOP — Card  rejected  by 
Providence  LTnion  Jan.   14,   1871. 

CLEM  LUCAS — Worked  at  R.  I.  Print- 
ing Co.  Reported  in  Raleigh,  N.  C,  in 
April    (1907)    Typograpliical   Journal. 

KENNETH  MacCASKELL — Died  Bos- 
ton, Mass.,  May  30,  1899  ;  member  of 
Cambridge  Typograpliical  Union  at  time 
of  death ;  had  worked  on  most  of  the 
Boston  newspapers  ;  his  name  appears  on 
the  list  (1857-1865)  of  members  of  Provi- 
dence Union  taken  from  the  1865  consti- 
tution. 

JOHN  A.  MACDONALD — Began  to 
learn  printing  in  the  office  of  the  St. 
Catherines  (Onatrio)  Post  in  April,  1861  ; 
in  1862  he  enlisted  in  the  Union  Army 
and  fought  in  the  ranks  of  Hooker's 
Division,  Army  of  the  Potomac,  until  the 
end  of  the  war ;  after  the  war  he  went 
back  to  the  "case,"  joining  Buffalo  Typo- 
graphical Union  in  1866  ;  he  worked  on 
the  Providence  Journal  in  1873  and  again 
in  1878  ;  previous  to  1880  he  worked  in 
nearly  every  city  of  prominence  in  the 
Western,  Middle  and  Eastern  States ;  in 
1880  he  purchased  a  newspaper  at  Am- 
pion,  Ontario,  and  published  it  for  15 
years ;  he  is  now  in  the  insurance  busi- 
ness  in   Toronto,    Canada. 

WILLIAM  J.  MACDONALD  —  Born 
Clinton,  Mass.,  where  he  also  learned 
the  trade  of  printer  ;  came-  to  Providence 
in  November,  1903,  and  worked  on  the 
Telegram. 

JOHN  DOUGLAS  MACDOUGAL— Was 
employed    in    the    printing   house    of   John 


Waterman,  the  paper  manufacturer  of 
Providence,  previous  to  1775.  He  also 
worked  in  Philadelphia,  Pa.,  in  1775,  and 
before  that  year.  In  the  Providence 
Gazette  of  June  7  and  Aug.  16,  1778, 
Macdougal  advertised  his  business  of 
publisher,  bookbinder  and  stationer.  Later 
he  was  in  business  in  Boston,  Mass.,  in 
the  firm  of  Macdougal  &  Greene,  opposite 
the  Province  House,  and  still  later  in 
partnership  with  John  Boyle.  He  was 
a  native  of  Ireland  and  died  in  New 
York  city  in  August,  17  87. 

JOHN  W.  MACKARCHER  —  Initiated 
into  Providence  Union  Dec.  26,  1883;  he 
worked  in  this  city  a  few  years  and  went 
West  in  1884.  "While  riding  on  a  freight 
train  he  fell  between  the  cars  and  in 
addition  to  having  both  legs  cut  off  was 
otherwise  severely  crushed.  This  oc- 
curred at  Tulore,  Cal.  He  was  taken  to 
Visalia,  Cal.,  where  he  died  the  follow- 
ing day."  The  accident  occurred  in  the 
spring  of  1887. 

THOMAS  MURRAY  MACKAY  —  Born 
Edinburgh.  Scotland,  May  25,  1870  ;  learned 
the  printing  trade  in  that  city  ;  has 
worked  in  New  York  city,  Boston,  Nor- 
wood and  Providence. 

GEORGE  F.  MACKINNON  —  Learned 
printing  in  the  job  office  of  Marcus  B. 
Young,  this  city.  In  1871  A.  S.  Rey- 
nolds, who  had  purchased  the  business  of 
Young  the  previous  year,  gave  the  plant 
to  his  son,  M.  M.  Reynolds,  and  young 
Mackinnon.  Peter  J.  Trumpler  entered 
the  firm  in  1873,  and  a  profitable  busi- 
ness was  carried  on  until  187  8,  when  the 
partnership  was  dissolved  and  the  plant 
removed  to  East  Greenwich.  Mackinnon 
then  became  a  reporter  on  the  Journal. 
In  1897  Mackinnon,  with  Charles  H.  How- 
land  and  Martin  C.  Day,  left  the  Journal 
and  became  publishers  of  the  News. 
Afterward  Mackinnon  became  clerk  of 
the  Si.xth  District  Court,  which  position 
he  now  holds. 

SAMUEL  R.  MACREADY"" — Born  Cum- 
berland county.  Me.,  July  14,  1850; 
learned  printing  trade  in  office  of  Alfred 
Mudge  &  Son,  Boston  ;  worked  in  Provi- 
dence since  1892  ;  member  e.xecutive  com- 
mittee of  No.  33  in  1907,  and  also  dele- 
gate to  Central  Labor  Union ;  now  em- 
ployed in  proofroom  of  Journal. 

FRANK  C.  MADDEN— Born  Montreal. 
Canada,  Nov.  14,  1853;  began  to  learn 
the  printing  trade  in  the  office  of  A. 
Crawford  Greene,  this  city,  in  1866;  be- 
came a  member  of  Providence  Typo- 
graphical Union  July  13,  1872;  has 
worked  in  the  offices  of  the  Press  Co.  and 
the  News;  at  present  (1907)  he  is  located 
at  Wm.  R.  Brown's;  in  1S6S  he  became 
connected  with  the  National  Band,  and 
later  with  the  American  Band;  from  1901 
to  1904  was  leader  of  the  Pawtucket 
Band.  Mr.  Madden  was  instrumental  in 
organizing  Musicians'  Union,   Local   196. 


LIV 


PRINTERS  AND  PRINTING  IN  PROVIDENCE 


JOSEPH  A.  MADDEN  —  Born  Mount 
Holly,  N.  J.,  where  he  learned  printing ; 
worked  in  Providence  inspecting  the 
Thorne  typesetting  machines  on  the 
News  ;  located  in  Hartford,  Conn.,  in  1904. 

JOHN  F.  MAGUIRE — Born  Providence 
Feb.  19,  1882  ;  learned  printing  in  office 
of  News,  beginning  in  1897  ;  initiated  into 
Providence  Union  Jan.  28,  1903  ;  now 
employed  on  Tribune. 

DANIEL  S.  MAHONEY — Born  London, 
England,  May  3,  1861;  learned  trade  of 
pressman  in  the  office  of  the  Providence 
Journal,  beginning  in  1878,  where  he 
worked  until  1906;  admitted  to  No.  33 
April  29,  1888;  now  employed  on  Tribune. 

FRANK  J.  MAHONEY  —  Born  Provi- 
dence March  4,  1875  ;  learned  printing  on 
Journal,  beginning  June  29,  1894,  and 
worked  in  that  office  until  Sept.  2,  1902  ; 
initiated  into  No.  33  Sept.  30,  1900  ;  held 
situations  on  the  Bulletin  and  Tribune  of 
this  city,  the  Post  and  Herald  of  Boston 
and  the  Taunton  Herald-News ;  worked 
on  Pawtucket  Times  and  Boston  Journal, 
Advertiser,  Traveler  and  American  ;  now 
employed  on  Evening  Tribune ;  delegate 
to  R.   L   State   Federation  of  Labor,   1907. 

JOHN  W.  MAHONEY  —  Born  Provi- 
dence April  9,  1872  ;  learned  printing  at 
J.  A.  &  R.  A.  Raid's,  beginning  May  10, 
1888  ;  initiated  into  Providence  Union  Feb. 
24,  1901  ;  worked  with  Albertype  Co.,  J. 
C.  Hall  Co.  and  Telegram  ;  now  employed 
on  Evening  Bulletin. 

AUSTIN  E.  MALONE  —  Initiated  into 
Providence  Union  April  26,  1896;  learned 
printing  on  Telegram  ;  worked  in  Newport 
on  the  Herald  and  in. this  city  on  Journal; 
elected  I.  T.  U.  delegate  in  1900  to  Mil- 
waukee convention,  but  did  not  attend ; 
now  located  in  New  York  city. 

WILLIAM  J.  MALONEY— Born  Troy, 
N.  Y.,  Dec.  11,  1876;  learned  printing  in 
office  of  Troy  Catholic  Weekly ;  worked 
in  Providence  on  the  Telegram  from  1900 
to  1904  ;  initiated  into  Providence  Union 
Feb.  24,  1901  ;  now  on  Boston  Herald. 

D.  J.  MANN — Born  Needham,  Mass.  ; 
learned  printing  at  Cambridge,  Mass.  ; 
worked  in  Providence  at  Reid's  in  the 
winter  of  1884  ;  located  in  Baltimore,  Md., 
in  1905. 

FRED  A.  MANSON — Died  Providence 
Feb.  21,  1897,  aged  32  years,  11  months 
and  21  days ;  came  to  Providence  from 
Lawrence,  Mass.,  where  he  had  learned 
printing  on  the  American  ;  admitted  to 
Providence  Union  by  card  October,  1888; 
worked  on  Evening  Bulletin  and  News. 
Two  months  before  his  death  an  uncle 
left  him  a  fortune,  the  interest  of  which 
would  have  supported  him   in  leisure. 

WILLIAM  METCALF  MANN  —  Died 
Smitliheld.  R.  I..  March  2,  1817.  From 
October,    1813,   until   his  deatli   he  was  in- 


terested  in   the   publication   of  the   Rhode 
Island  American. 

CHARLES  MANSHELL — Born  Skala, 
Austria,  in  January,  1879;  learned  print- 
ing in  Providence,  beginning  in  1890;  Ini- 
tiated into  Providence  Union  June  28, 
1903  ;  now  proprietor  Sun  Printing  Co., 
198  Pine  street. 

PHILIP  A.  MARKS — Born  England  ; 
died  Feb.  7,  1876,  at  127  Orms  street. 
Providence ;  his  name  appears  in  the 
Directory  of  1844  ;  he  was  foreman  of  the 
Morning  Mirror  from  1849  to  1855,  and 
its  publisher  the  latter  year;  in  1856  he 
was  a  real  estate  broker;  May  21,  1864, 
he  was  initiated  into  Providence  Union. 

JAMES  MARRYOTT  —  Died  Newport, 
R.  I.,  in  August.  1818,  aged  62  years.  He 
was  a  printer  and  had  worked  in  Provi- 
dence, according  to  the  Gazette  of  Aug. 
22,   1818. 

EDWARD  P.  MARSH— Died  Providence 
July  27.  1841  ;  aged  26  years.  His  name 
appears  in  the  Directory  of  that  year.  He 
came  from  Newport,  R.  I. 

JOHN  MARSHALL — Born  Lewiston. 
Me.,  Sept.  29,  1855  :  learned  printing  in 
that  city,  beginning  in  1872  ;  worked  in 
Providence  in  1885  ;  employed  on  the  City 
Record,  New  York,  in  1904. 

WILLIAM  MARSHALL  —  Died  Phila- 
delphia. Pa.,  Oct.  23,  1841,  aged  36  years. 
Between  the  years  1828  and  1836  he  had 
been  a  printer  in  Providence.  After  he 
removed  to  Philadelphia  he  carried  on  the 
publishing  business  in  that  city. 

ANDREW  P.  MARTIN — Born  Lubec, 
Me.,  March  10,  1852  ;  learned  printing  at 
Hammond  &  Angell's,  Providence,  and 
worked  at  the  business  in  this  city  six 
years;  founded  Providence  Visitor  in  1875 
and  was  its  publisher  2Vj  years;  also 
proprietor  job  office  (Martin  &  Merriam) 
one  year ;  honorary  member  Providence 
Union ;  now  member  Providence  police 
department. 

JAMES  J.  MARTIN — Born  New  York 
city  in  1866;  learned  printing  in  Louis- 
ville, Ky.,  beginning  in  1881;  admitted 
by  card  to  Providence  Union  at  the  June 
meeting,  1889  ;  was  one  of  the  first 
machine  operators  who  visited  this  city 
and  worked  on  the  Journal  ;  delegate 
from  Louisville,  Ky.,  to  I.  T.  U.  conven- 
tion at  Colorado  Springs  in  1896  ;  em- 
ployed on  the  Louisville  Courier-Journal 
in  1904. 

MICHAEL  H.  MARTIN — Born  Provi- 
dence Nov.  21.  1857;  learned  printing  in 
office  of  J.  F.  Greene  Co.,  beginning  in 
1869;  initiated  into  Providence  Union  June 
24,  1888;  President  of  Providence  Union 
in  1891  and  1892;  went  to  I'.,)!rton  in  189;;. 
where  he  assisted  in  organizing  tlie  Press- 
men's Union  and  Allied  Printing  Trades' 
Council ;  employed  by  C.  H.  Buck  &  Co., 
Boston,  in   1904. 


THE  JOURNEYMEN 


LV 


WILLIAM  H.  MARTIN  (a)  — Died 
Providence  June  26,  1863.  He  was  em- 
ployed at  the  Journal  office  in  1845-1849  ; 
on  the  Post  in  1850-1855,  and  in  1856  was 
janitor  at   56   Broad  street  for   Y.  M.  C.  A. 

WILLIAM  H.  MARTIN  (b)  — Born 
Bristol,  R.  I.,  Jan.  18,  1856;  learned 
printing  in  the  office  of  the  Phoenix,  be- 
ginning in  1872  ;  worked  in  Providence  in 
the  70's  on  the  Sun.  Journal,  Star  and 
Press  and  at  Hammond,  Angell  &  Co.'s ; 
editor  and  proprietor  of  the  Warren  Ga- 
zette for  many  years  until  his  death, 
which  occurred  at  Warren,  Sept.  20.   1906. 

PETER  HENRY  MASSIE  —  Born  St. 
John,  N.  B.,  Jan.  1,  1836  ;  learned  print- 
ing with  Robert  Sherman  in  the  Paw- 
tucket  Gazette  and  Chronicle  office,  be- 
ginning in  1851  ;  was  a  charter  member 
of  Providence  Typographical  Union  in 
1857;  worked  in  this  city  on  the  Journal, 
Post  and  Herald  ;  withdrew  from  printing 
and  name  placed  on  honorary  list  Sept. 
12,  1863  ;  Aug.  12,  1865,  Chicago  Union 
was  authorized  to  furnish  him  with  a 
card.  Mr.  Massie  was  In  business  in  Chi- 
cago 1865-1871,  and  was  burned  out  in 
the  big  fire  of  1871,  losing  all;  he  died  in 
Boston  Oct.  4,  1896  ;  was  a  member  of 
Boston  Typographical  Union  at  time  of 
death. 

THOMAS  J.  MASTERSON  —  Admitted 
to  Providence  Union  by  card  July  31, 
1892,  He  learned  the  printing  trade  in 
office  of  Poi-tsmouth  (N.  H. )  Times. 

JAMES  H.  MATHEWS  —  Born  New 
York  city  in  1860;  learned  printing  in 
Westerly,  R.  I.  ;  foreman  of  Westerly 
Daily  Tribune  for  eight  years,  the  only 
Prohibition  daily  newspaper  in  the  United 
States  at  that  time  ;  initiated  into  Provi- 
dence Union  June  28.  1885.  and  has 
worked  in  this  city  more  or  less  since  ; 
member  of  the  firm  of  J.  H.  &  T.  J. 
Mathews,   master  printers. 

THOMAS  J.  MATHEWS  —  Born  New 
York  city  in  1862  ;  learned  printing  in 
Providence  with  J.  H.  Mathews,  begin- 
ning in  1888;  initiated  into  Providence 
Union  Aug.  26,  1894  ;  worked  in  this  city 
since  1888  ;  now  member  of  the  firm  of 
J.  H.  &  T.  J.  Mathews,  master  printers. 

ALBERT  MATHEWSON  —  Born  War- 
wick, R.  I.,  Sept.  29,  1832  ;  died  Newport, 
R.  I.,  Dec.  31,  1880.  He  learned  printing 
with  Cranston  &  Norman  (Newport  Daily 
News)  ;  was  initiated  into  Providence 
Union  Aug.  14,  1869  ;  worked  in  New 
York  in  the  offices  of  the  Atlas,  Tribune, 
American  Tract  Society  and  Martin  B. 
Brown  ;  on  the  Argus  in  Brooklyn,  and  in 
Boston,  Springfield,  Taunton,  Fall  River, 
and  the  last  two  years  of  his  life  in 
Newport  on  the  News  ;  buried  in  Fall 
River,   Mass. 

EATON  W.  MAXCY — Died  Providence 
Aug.  13,  1861,  in  his  62d  year;  learned 
the    printing    trade    in    the    Patriot    office 


with  Jones  &  Wheeler;  Oct.  16,  1823,  in 
partnership  with  Barnum  Field,  he  pub- 
lished the  Independent  Inquirer.  In  1826 
Mr.  Maxcy  published  the  Literary  Mu- 
seum at  10  North  Main  street.  In  1830 
he  conducted  a  circulating  library;  1832 
to  1836  a  jewelry  store;  1838  agent 
Providence  Screw  Co. 

WILLIAM  B.  MAXFIBLD — Died  March 
13,  1879,  aged  54  years.  His  name  first 
appears  in  the  Directory  as  a  printer  in 
1844  ;  initiated  into  Providence  Union 
August,  1858. 

JOHN  S.  MAXWELL — Born  St.  John, 
N.  B.,  in  August,  1855;  learned  printing 
trade  in  that  city  ;  was  admitted  to  Provi- 
dence Union  by  card  Feb.  22,  1885  ;  worked 
on  the  Star  in  this  city  and  in  the  princi- 
pal cities  of  New  England  ;  was  killed  in 
a  railroad  accident  in  northern  New  York 
in  1896. 

JOSEPH  N.  B.  MEEGAN — Died  Provi- 
dence Nov.  9,  1895,  in  his  40th  year; 
learned  printing  at  A.  Crawford  Greene's 
and  on  the  Evening  Press  ;  initiated  into 
Providence  Union  April  8,  1883  ;  I.  T.  U. 
delegate  to  Buffalo  convention  in  1887  ; 
was  assistant  foreman  of  the  Evening 
Telegram.  He  was  active  in  city  politics 
and  was  clerk  of  the  Tenth  Ward  for  13 
years  ;  brother  of  William  J.  Meegan. 

WILLIAM  J.  MEEGAN  —  Born  North 
Providence  June  1,  1864;  learned  trade  in 
office  of  Morning  Star,  beginning  Septem- 
ber, 1881  ;  worked  in  Providence  on  Star, 
Press,  Item,  Republican,  Dispatch,  Tele- 
gram, The  People,  Record,  News,  Journal 
and  Bulletin ;  in  Boston  on  Globe  and 
Post ;  on  Somerville  Journal  and  Paw- 
tuxet  Valley  Gleaner ;  at  present  em- 
ployed as  foreman  of  Providence  Morning 
Tribune ;  became  member  Providence 
Union  Nov.  26,  1884,  and  officiated  as 
President  1896-'97-'98  ;  elected  delegate  to 
I.  T.  U.  1896  (Colorado  Springs)  and  1904 
(St.  Louis)  ;  elected  chairman  Journal 
chapel  April,  1903-'04,  being  the  first  to 
fill  that  office  after  a  vacancy  of  about 
30  years;  was  appointed  Deputy  Sheriff 
June,  1887,  and  was  appointed  during  that 
year  a  member  of  the  State  police  for  the 
enforcement  of  the  Prohibitory  laws. 

ANTOINE  MEILLUERE — Born  Dec.  18, 

184  8,  at  Sault-au-Recollet,  He  de  Mon- 
treal ;  he  learned  printing  in  Montreal, 
beginning  in  1863  ;  deposited  a  card  in 
Providence  Union  March  11,  1871  ;  worked 
in  this  city  on  the  Journal  and  other 
papers ;  I.  T.  U.  delegate  from  Worces- 
ter Union  to  Buffalo  convention  in  1887. 
He  died  in  New  York  city  Dec.  3,  1906, 
and  is  buried  in  Mount  Hope  Cemetery.  . 

ROBERT  S.  MENAMIN — Born  Newton- 
Stewart,  county  Tyrone,  Ireland,  Dec.  2, 
1833.  He  came  to  this  country  with  his 
parents  when  he  was  about  three  years  of 
age,  and  settled  in  Washington,  D.  C.  At 
school  in  tliat  city  he  had  for  one  of  his 
teachers    Mrs.    E.    D.    E.    N.    Southworth, 


LVI 


PRINTERS  AND  PRINTING  IN  PROVIDENCE 


the  famous  novelist.  His  parents  re- 
moved to  Pliiladelphia,  where  he  was  ap- 
prenticed to  the  printing  trade  with  T.  K. 
&  P.  G.  Collins  of  tliat  city.  To  be  an 
apprentice  in  a  city  office  in  those  days 
meant  long  hours,  hard  work  and  small 
pay,  and  Robert  became  dissatisfied  with 
his  lot  and  emigrated  to  New  York  with- 
out saying  the  customary  farewell  to  his 
employers.  There  he  developed  into  a 
.iourneyman.  In  1854  he  worked  on  the 
Cincinnati  Enquirer,  and  in  the  winters 
of  1855,  '56  and  "57  in  New  Orleans  and 
Baton  Rouge,  La.  In  1858  he  returned 
to  New  York  city,  where  he  was  a  mem- 
ber of  both  No.  6  and  the  New  York 
Typographical  Society.  In  1865  he  re- 
moved to  Philadelphia  and  established  a 
printers'  warehouse,  which  was  success- 
ful from  the  start.  In  1866  he  issued 
"The  Printers'  Circular"  as  an  organ  for 
the  craft,  and  at  the  session  of  the  Na- 
tional Union  in  1867  the  "Circular"  was 
made  its  official  organ,  which  honor  it 
held  for  some  years.  In  1866  Mr.  Mena- 
min  was  elected  a  delegate  from  Provi- 
dence ( R.  I. )  Typographical  Union,  No. 
33,  to  the  14th  se.ssion  of  the  National 
Union,  that  met  in  Chicago  in  June  of 
that  year.  His  services  in  that  body  were 
so  acceptable  to  No.  33  that  on  Jan.  1, 
1867,  its  members  presented  him  a 
massive  gold  ring.  He  again,  in  186  8, 
represented  Providence  Union  as  delegate 
to  the  National  convention  at  Washington. 
Mr.  Menamin  died  in  Philadelphia  April 
19,  1887.  He  was  a  member  of  the  fol- 
lowing societies :  Melita  Lodge,  No.  295, 
F.  and  A.  M.  ;  Jerusalem  R.  A.  Chapter, 
No.  3  ;  Philadelphia  Commandery,  No.  2  ; 
Ancient  Accepted  Scottish  Rite  of  Free- 
masonry ;  West  Philadelphia  Lodge,  No. 
9.  K.  of  B.  ;  Philadelphia  Typographical 
Society  ;  Hibernian  Society  ;  Quaker  City 
Lodge,  No.  116,  A.  O.  U.  W.  ;  Lycurgus 
Senate,  No.  1,  Order  of  Sparta  ;  Pennsyl- 
vania Editorial  Association  ;  Franklin  In- 
stitute ;  Book  Trade  Association  of  Phila- 
delphia ;  Journalists'  Club ;  Sylus  Club ; 
Northwestern  Masonic  Aid  Association, 
Chicago.  His  son.  Will  S.  Menamin,  is 
president  and  general  manager  of  Guten- 
berg Machine  Co.,  Chicago,  III. 

ANITA  METIVIER — Born  Victoriaville, 
Quebec,  Jan.  15,  1884;  began  to  learn 
printing  in  Waterville,  Quebec,  in  1902  ; 
worked  at  Remington's  in  this  city  ;  initi- 
ated  into   Providence   Union   Jul>',    1906. 

ALBION  N.  MERCHANT — Born  Law- 
rence, N.  Y.,  June  28,  1843;  died  Provi- 
dence May  15,  1884  ;  began  to  learn  the 
printer's  trade  in  Canton,  N.  Y.,  receiving 
for  his  first  year's  work  $4  0  and  board. 
In  the  Civil  war  he  sei'ved  In  the  4  7th 
Regt.,  N.  Y.  V.  After  the  war  lie  estab- 
lished a  printing  business  In  ClKiteauga.v, 
N.  Y.  Later  he  removed  to  Burlington. 
V't.,  where  he  published  the  Democrat  and 
Sentinel.  June  14,  1879.  he  began  the 
pul)lication  of  The  Rhode  Island  Democrat 
in   this  cit.x-,    vvhirli   he   coiituiucil   until    his 


death.  Mr.  Merchant  was  a  member  of 
the  M.isonic,  Odd  Fellow  and  G.  A.  R.  fra- 
ternities, and  of  the  United  Train  of  Artil- 
lery and  Providence  Press  Club. 

LUCIEN  MERCIER  —  Born  St.  Johns, 
Canada,  P.  Q.  ;  learned  printing  trade  at 
A.  Crawford  Greene's,  Providence,  begin- 
ning in  1884  ;  initiated  into  Providence 
Union  Nov.  24,  1895  ;  located  in  Central 
Falls  in  1904. 


-  Assistant  editor 
1873  ;     foreman 


GEORGE  MERRILL 
Providence  Journal  ii 
1874-'77. 

DAVID  B.  METCALF  —  Born  West 
Point,  Ky.,  Oct.  26,  1851;  learned  printing 
at  Decatur,  111.,  beginning  in  1868;  worked 
in  Providence  in  1903  at  Franklin  Press 
and  Standard  Printing  Co.  ;  located  in 
Chicago  in  1907. 

WILLIAM  MILL — Born  Edinburgh.  Scot- 
land, in  1848  ;  learned  printing  in  Chi- 
cago, beginning  in  1862  ;  worked  in  Provi- 
dence in   1862;  in  Chicago  in  1904. 

SAMUEL  M.  MILLARD — Born  in  1810; 
was  one  of  the  puVilishers  of  the  Provi- 
dence Daily  Sentinel  in  1846-'47  and  after- 
ward was  connected  with  the  job  printing 
establishments    of    Knowles,    Anthony    & 


.S.VMIKI,     M.     MII.L.VUn. 

Co.,  Millard  &  Harker  and  S.  M.  Millard 
&  Co.  He  ended  his  work  as  a  compositor 
in  the  Journal  composing  room,  d>-ing  at 
tlie  age  of  71   years,  June  29,  1881. 

HKLEN  F.  MILLER — Born  Moosup. 
Conn..  Oct.  2,  ISSl;  began  to  learn  print- 
ing in  office  of  Journal  and  Press,  Moosup. 
in  1!)0();  worked  in  Providence  at  K.  .\. 
.lolmson  &  Co.  ;  Initiated  into  Providence 
I'liinn   Aug.    13,    1906. 


THE  JOURNEYMEN 


LVIl 


JAMES  A.  MILLER — Born  Bristol,  R.  I., 
June  1,  1827  ;  began  to  learn  printing  in 
Providence  in  the  office  of  the  Daily  Eve- 
ning Chronicle,  of  which  J.  M.  Church 
was  editor.  From  1847  to  1851  he  was 
employed  on  sailing  packets.  In  the  latter 
year  Mr.  Miller  returned  to  the  printing 
business.  His  brother,  W.  J.  Miller,  was 
then  one  of  the  owners  of  the  Post,  and 
he  remained  with  that  paper  until  1866, 
when  he  went  into  the  grocery  business 
at  Bristol,  where  he  is  now  a  member  of 
the  firm  of  James  A.  Miller  &  Son. 
Clement  Webster,  George  W.  Danielson, 
Samuel  Millard  and  Mr.  Miller  were  part- 
ners in  the  publication  of  the  Daily  Sen- 
tinel in  1846  ;  the  paper  had  a  brief  ex- 
istence. Mr.  Miller  was  initiated  into 
Providence  Union  June  13,  1863,  and  was 
an  honorary  member  in   1878. 

JOHN  MILLER — Died  New  York  city 
on  Sunday,  Oct.  15,  1848,  after, long  suf- 
fering, from  dropsy.  He  conducted  a 
printing  office  in  Providence  before  1813, 
when  he  was  interested  in  the  publica- 
tion of  the  American.  In  January,  1820, 
in  partnership  with  John  Hutchens,  Mr. 
Miller  began  the  publication  of  the  Manu- 
facturers and  Farmers  Journal.  He  relin- 
quished his  interest  in  the  paper  in  1835, 
when  he  removed  to  Philadelphia,  and 
later  to  New  York  city.  His  obituary  in 
the  Journal  said :  "John  Miller  never  had 
an  enemy.  All  the  kindly  virtues  were 
in  him  most  harmoniously  mingled  and 
blended  ;  and  amid  all  the  sharp  encoun- 
ters of  business  and  all  the  asperities  of 
politics,  the  community  saw  only  the  un- 
affected urbanity  of  the  gentleman,  the 
unostentatious  and  unfailing  generosity  of 
the  man."  His  funeral  took  place  Oct.  17 
from  No.  29  Broadway,  and  "many  of  his 
old  friends,  tliose  wlio  knew  him  in  his 
prosperity,  came  to  pay  the  last  tribute  of 
respect  to  one  who  is  remembered  only 
with  kindness." 

WILLIAM  JONES  MILLER — Born  Bris- 
tol Jan.  19,  1818.  His  grandfather.  Nel- 
son Miller,  was  at  the  battle  of  Bunker 
Hill.  Young  Miller  attended  the  Bristol 
schools  and  at  the  age  of  15  began  an 
apprenticeship  in  the  office  of  the  Bristol 
Gazette,  leaving  at  the  end  of  one  year. 
In  1836  he  was  working  at  the  case  in  the 
office  of  the  Providence  Journal  and  for  a 
time  was  foreman  of  tlie  composing  room. 
In  1842,  during  the  Dorr  excitement,  the 
firm  of  Low  &  Miller,  of  which  he  was  a 
member,  published  the  Providence  Daily 
Express  and  also  the  weekly  New  Age. 
These  papers  stopped  in  184  3  and  he 
printed  for  other  parties  the  Providence 
Gazette  and  Chronicle.  In  1845  he  was 
collector  of  customs  for  Bristol  and  War- 
ren, then  an  important  position.  With 
Welcome  B.  Sayles  in  1850  he  started  the 
Providence  Daily  Post,  retaining  connec- 
tion with  the  paper  until  after  the  Civil 
war.  He  was  delegate  to  the  National 
Democratic  conventions  of  1856,  '64  and 
'72  ;  President  of  the  Bristol  town  council 


in  1859,  '70  and  '71  ;  clerk  of  the  House 
of  Representatives  in  1853  and  '63  ;  Rep- 
resentative in  the  General  Assembly  in 
1873  and  '74,  and  for  many  years  served 
on  the  school  board  of  Bristol.  He  was 
connected  with  the  Bristol  Gas  Works 
from  its  organization,  first  as  superintend- 
ent and  secretary  and  later  as  treasurer. 
In  1874,  '75  and  '76  he  read  papers  on 
the  Wampanoag  Indians  before  the  Rhode 
Island  Historical  Society.  These  led  to 
the  placing  of  a  stone,  marking  the  spot 
where  King  Philip  was  shot,  at  the  200tli 
anniversary  of  the  event.  He  died  in 
Bristol  Jan.  29,.  1886. 

ALEXANDER  OSBORN  MILNE — Born 
Fall  River,  Mass.,  Sept.  10,  1845  ;  learned 
printing  on  the  Daily  News  of  that  city, 
becoming  its  foreman  about  1865  ;  he  re- 
moved to  Providence,  working  on  the  Eve- 
ning Press,  and  was  initiated  into  Provi- 
dence Union  April  10,  1869  ;  from  this  clic- 
he went  to  San  Francisco,  Cal.,  where  he 
was  night  foreman  of  the  Bulletin.  Later 
he  returned  to  the  East,  settling  in  Taun- 
ton, where  he  purchased  the  Bristol 
County  Republican  (weekly)  and  con- 
ducted that  paper  for  several  years.  Get- 
ting tired  of  the  publishing  business,  the 
Republican  was  taken  off  his  hands  Ijj-  its 
former  owner,  Mr.  William  Read,  and  Mr. 
Milne  returned  to  the  Pacific  coast,  where 
he  resides  on  a  ranch  at  Elk  Grove,  Cal. 

JOSEPH  S.  MILNE — Lieutenant  in 
R.  I.  Battery  B  ;  received  a  fatal  wound 
during  the  battle  at  Gettysburg,  and  his 
dead  body  has  been  received  by  his  friends 
in  Fall  River.  Lieut.  Milne  was  a  printer, 
who  enlisted  from  the  office  of  the  Post 
into  Battery  E,  and  arose  by  merit  until 
he  received  a  commission  as  Second  Lieu- 
tenant and  was  assigned  to  Battery  B. 
A  short  time  since,  when  Capt.  Gushing 
of  the  regular  army  desired  the  assistance 
of  another  officer  in  his  batterj',  Lieut. 
Milne  was  detailed  for  the  honorable  duty, 
and  it  was  in  fighting  with  this  battery 
that  the  gallant  young  fellow  received 
his  death  wound.  Every  officer  of  that 
battery  was  either  killed  or  wounded. 
Lieut.  Milne  commanded  the  warmest 
esteem  of  his  brother  officers  and  was 
much  beloved  by  his  men.— Providence 
Journal,  July  16,  1863.  He  was  a  brother 
of  William  O.  Milne  of  Newport. 

JOHN  H.  MILNE — Born  Newport,  R.  1.. 
February,  1843  ;  died  in  this  city  Oct. 
22,  1903  ;  learned  the  printing  trade  in 
the  office  of  the  Fall  River  News.  About 
1863  he  came  to  this  city  and  entered  the 
office  of  the  Providence  Journal  as  fore- 
man of  the  night  force.  After  holding 
that  position  for  about  two  years  he  re- 
turned to  Fall  River  and  became  foreman 
of  the  Monitor  of  that  city.  In  1866  he 
returned  to  the  Journal  composing  room 
as  foieman  of  the  day  force,  which  posi- 
tion he  held  about  30  years.  Durin.g  liis 
service  the  linotype  machines  were  intro- 
duced into  the  composing  room. 


LVIII 


PRINTERS  AND  PRINTING  IN  PROVIDENCE 


'  THOMAS  F.  MILNE — Born  Fall  River, 
Mass.,  June  6.  1847  ;  learned  the  trade  of 
pressman  in  the  Providence  Journal  press 
room  ;  went  to  the  Evening  Press  and  in 
187  6  returned  to  the  Journal  and  worked 
there  until  July  1,  1901,  when  he  retired 
from  the  business.  He  was  initiated  into 
Providence  Union  June  24,  1888.  Alex- 
ander, John  and  William  Milne  were  his 
brothers.     He  resides  in  this  city. 

WILLIAM  L.  MILNE — Born  Fall  River, 
Mass.,  July  31,  184'J  ;  learned  printing  in 
that  city  on  the  News  ;  worked  in  Paw- 
tucket  for  a  short  time  after  learning  the 
trade  and  on  the  Evening  Press  in  this 
city  ;  was  initiated  into  Providence  Union 
Jan.  11,  1873,  and  again  initiated  into  the 
reorganized  body  June  26,  1887.  He  was 
employed  on  the  Evening  Bulletin  for 
more  than  20  years  previous  to  his  death, 
which  occurred  March  16,  1901.  He  is 
buried  in  Oak  Grove  Cemetery,  Fall  River. 

JOHN  J.  MINCHIN — Died  Providence 
Aug.  28,  190.T.  He  was  born  in  this  city 
and  learned  printing  in  the  job  office  of 
the  Evening  Press.  For  about  15  years 
previous  to  his  death  he  had  been  a 
member  of  the  John  F.  Greene  Co. 

PARK  MITCHELL — Born  Manchester, 
N.  H.,  Nov.  16,  1856;  learned  printing  in 
oiHce  of  Manchester  Union,  beginning  in 
1873  ;  first  came  to  Providence  in  Novem- 
ber, 1880;  was  admitted  to  No.  33  by  card 
May  27,  1883;  worked  on  the  Journal, 
Telegram,  Star,  Transcript,  Sunday  Dis- 
patch and  Weekly  Visitor ;  employed  on 
the  Manchester   (N.  H. )   Union  in  1904. 

DANIEL  B.  MOONEY  —  Born  Paw- 
tucket,  R.  I.,  Sept.  14,  1873;  learned  print- 
ing in  Concord,  N.  H.,  beginning  in  1888  ; 
initiated  into  Concord  Union  in  1893,  and 
joined  Providence  Union  by  card  Feb.  28, 
1897;  worked  in  this  city  since;  now  em- 
ployed on  the  Evening  Bulletin. 

JAMES  MOORE — Born  Providence  Jan. 
29,  1854  ;  learned  printing  in  office  of 
the  Journal,  beginning  in  1878;  was  initi- 
ated into  Providence  Union  April  15,  1883, 
and  his  name  is  on  the  1883  charter; 
worked  on  the  Telegram  and  in  other 
offices  in  this  city  ;  now  employed  on  the 
Tribune. 

ANDREW  F.  MORAN— Learned  print- 
ing in  the  offlc'C  of  the  Providence  Jour- 
nal, beginning  in  1871  ;  initiated  into 
Providence  Union  March  14,  1874;  I.  T. 
U.  delegate  to  Denver,  Colo.,  in  1889;  as- 
sistant foreman  of  the  Telegram  imtll 
the  strike  of  1889;  worked  in  New  York 
on  the  Herald  and  Journal  ;  came  back 
to  Providence  in  1902  and  was  night  fore- 
man of  Journal;  in  February,  1906,  he 
))ecamc  foreman  of  the  Evening  Tribune. 

JAMBS  MORAN — Born  in  county  Gal- 
way,  Ireland  ;  came  to  Pi-ovidence  in 
1851;  learned  printing  in  office  of  A. 
Crawford  Greene  ;  served  In  ITnion  army 
from     August,      1861,     to     Janu.-iry,      1865, 


rising  from  rank  of  second  lieutenant  to 
that  of  captain  ;  also  held  highest  rank  in 
militia  of  Rhode  Island,  resigning  in  1898  ; 
employed  in  Custom  House  1881-'85  and 
1890-'94;    in    the    Capitol   at    Washington, 

D.  C,  1885-'90;  city  gauger  of  Provi- 
dence since   1895. 

ALBERT  E.  MORRILLr— Born  Durham, 
N.  H.,  Sept.  13,  1857;  learned  printing  in 
the  office  of  Bristol  Phcenix,  beginning  in 
1876;  came  to  Providence  in  1880  to  work 
on  the  Journal  and  remained  until  1883, 
when  he  went  West  for  two  years  ;  initi- 
ated into  Los  Angeles  Union  in  1883,  and 
admitted  by  card  into  Providence  Union 
in  September,  1885  ;  night  forenian  Provi- 
dence Journal  from  1900  to  1903  ;  now 
assistant  foreman  Evening  Bulletin. 

HAROLD  W.  MORRILL   (son  of  Albert 

E.  Morrill) — Born  Los  Angeles,  Cal., 
March  8,  1884  ;  learned  printing  in  Provi- 
dence Journal  otflce,  beginning  in  1899  ; 
initiated  into  Providence  Union  Feb.  28, 
1904  ;  employed  on  Journal  in  1907. 

BENJAMIN  F.  MORRISON— Born  in 
Canada  in  1873  ;  learned  printing  at  Port 
Huron,  Mich.,  beginning  in  1884  ;  worked 
in  Providence  in  1892  ;  located  in  New 
York   in   1907. 

JEREMIAH  MORRISSEY — Born  Ports- 
mouth, N.  H.,  May  19,  1860;  learned 
printing  in  Portsmouth  Journal  office,  be- 
ginning in  1876;  admitted  to  Providence 
LTnion  by  card  Sept.  24,  1884,  and  worked 
in  this  city  on  the  Journal  and  Star  ;  died 
in  Portsmouth,  N.  H.,  July  27,   1887. 

CHARLES  L.  MORSE — Initiated  into 
Providence  Union  May  31,  1885  ;  in  this 
city  he  worked  at  What  Cheer,  Journal 
and  Star  offices;  in  1886  he  went  to  Bos- 
ton and  worked  on  the  Post  until  the 
1891  lockout;  he  then  went  to  Chicago, 
where  he  was  employed  in  1906  on  the 
Chronicle. 

EDWIN  TAYLOR  MORSE — Born  Cam- 
In-idgeport,  Mass.,  June  13,  1850;  learned 
printing  in  Worcester,  Mass.,  beginning  in 
1868;  joined  Union  there  in  1874,  and 
was  present  at  the  meeting  of  Providence 
Union  April  8,  1883,  when  the  reorgani- 
zation was  effected  ;  worked  in  this  city 
on  the  Telegram,  Press,  Star,  Journal  and 
Sunday  Dispatch  ;  in  New  York  city  on 
tlie  Press  ;  in  Hartford  since  1897. 

WILLIAM  H.  MOULTON— Born  Lowell. 

Mass.,  April  7,  1863;  learned  printing  in 
office  of  I.,owell  Morning  Mail,  beginning 
in  1879;  came  to  Provitience  in  1902,  and 
was  initiated  into  No.   33  Aug.  30,   1903. 

DANIEL  MOWRY  (3d) — Born  Smith- 
field,  R.  I.  ;  died  Worcester,  Mass..  in 
September,  1870,  at  the  age  of  82  years. 
In  the  early  30's  in  this  city  he  printed 
tlie  Daily  .\dvertiser,  the  Microcosm  and 
the   Rhode  Island  American. 

MICHAEL  MULLALLY — Born  Tipper- 
ary,  Ireland,  in  1834;  learned  printing  in 
New    Yoik   cit\-.   bcgiiuiing   in    1848;   came 


THE  JOURNEYMEN 


LIX 


to  Providence  in  1857  and  worked  in  the 
office  of  A.  Crawford  Greene  for  about 
24  years  as  foreman;  since  1881  lie  has 
been  with  the  What  Cheer  Printing  Co. 

LAWRENCE  F.  MULLEN — Born  Provi- 
dence ;  learned  printing  in  Evening  Tele- 
gi-am  office,  beginning  in  1894  ;  initiated 
into  Providence  Union  Feb.  24,  1901. 

JAMES  WRIGHT  MUNROE  —  Born 
Bristol,  R.  L,  Aug.  21,  1821;  died  in 
Providence  Aug.  10,  1905.  He  was  a  car- 
rier for  the  Morning  Courier  and  served 
an  apprenticeship  on  that  paper,  begin- 
ning in  1835.  He  left  the  business  be- 
cause of  his  objections  to  working  Sun- 
days. He  was  crier  of  the  Appellate 
Division  of  the  Supreme  Court  at  t\vs 
time  of  death,  having  served  the  State 
as  deputy  sheriff  or  court  crier  for  40 
years. 

BARTHOLOMEW  MURPHY  —  Born 
Ayer,  Mass.,  July  29,  1858;  learned  print- 
ing at  John  H.  Turner's  in  that  city,  be- 
ginning in  1875  ;  admitted  to  Providence 
Union  at  the  September  meeting,  1886, 
and  worked  here  on  the  Dispatch  and 
Telegram  until  1889  ;  visited  Providence 
on  the  occasion  of  the  celebration  of  the 
50th  anniversary ;  located  in  Lowell, 
Mass.,  in  1907. 

CHARLES  H.  MURPHY — Born  Provi- 
dence in  1874  ;  learned  printing  on  Eve- 
ning Telegram,  beginning  in  1888  ;  initi- 
ated into  Providence  Union  Dec.  31,  1893  ; 
participated  in  the  effort  for  the  eight- 
hour  day  in  1906  ;  now  located  in  Provi- 
dence. 

DENNIS  J.  MURPHY  (a) — Born  New 
Bedford,  Mass.,  Nov.  13,  1871  ;  learned  print- 
ing in  that  city  at  Knight  &  Howland's, 
beginning  in  1887  ;  admitted  to  Provi- 
dence Union  by  card  Nov.  29,  1903  ; 
worked  at  Livermore  &  Knight's  ;  in  New- 
port, R.  I.,  at  Milne  Job  Office,  in  1905. 

EDWARD  A.  MURPHY — Born  Provi- 
dence, R.  I.,  Oct.  9,  1880;  learned  the 
printing  trade  at  Journal  office,  beginning 
in  1898  ;  has  been  a  linotype  operator  on 
the  Journal  since  1902. 

JOHN  J.  MURPHY — Born  Fall  River, 
Mass.,  in  1868  ;  learned  printing  in  office 
of  Morning  Star.  Providence,  beginning  in 
1885;  initiated  into  No.  33  June  29,  1890; 
employed  in  Tribune  proofroom  in  1907. 

TIMOTHY  J.  MURPHY — Born  Provi- 
dence May  21,  1882  ;  started  to  learn 
printing  in  1900  in  the  office  of  the  Eve- 
ning Telegram;  died  April  26,  1901. 

WALTER  E.  MURPHY  —  Born  Fall 
River  June  1,  1859;  died  June  20.  1895; 
learned  printing  in  office  of  Fall  River 
Daily  Herald,  beginning  in  July,  1872  ; 
worked  in  Boston  on  the  Post,  Herald 
and  Globe  ;  in  New  York  on  the  Sun  and 
Tribune  ;  in  Providence  on  the  Press,  Star 
and  Journal  ;  admitted  to  Providence 
Union  by  card  Nov.  28,   1883. 


CHARLES  H.  MURRAY — Died  at  the 
State  Hospital  for  the  Insane  Oct.  26, 
1903.  of  softening  of  the  brain,  bavins; 
bc^-n  aijudged  insane  May  28,  1903.  He 
had  been  arrested  for  offering  a  wortli- 
less  check  for  $5  in  payment  for  30  cents 
worth  of  food.  When  searched  at  the 
Central  police  station  he  had  in  his  pock- 
ets slips  of  paper  on  wliich  were  written 
in  pencil  the  prescrilied  forms  for  checks, 
four  of  which  had  evidently  been  framed 
with  the  purpose  in  mind  of  disbursing 
the  sum  of  $11,050,000.  Two  were  of 
$5,000,000  each,  another  was  for  $1,000,000 
and  a  fourth  was  for  $50,000.  Mr.  Mur- 
ray was  born  in  this  city  on  Transit 
street  in  184  8.  He  had  worked  for  the 
Providence  Journal  Co.  for  more  than  3(» 
years,  first  as  pressman,  then  as  composi- 
tor, and  later  as  assistant  foreman  of  the 
Evening  Bulletin,  which  position  he  relin- 
quished about  two  years  before  his  death. 
He  becaine  a  member  of  Providence 
Union  Dec.  12,  1868.  He  is  buried  at  the 
North  End   Burial   Ground. 

FRANK  H.  MURRAY — Was  found  dead 
by  the  side  of  the  track  of  the  Midland 
Division  of  the  Consolidated  railroad  near 
Arctic  Centre,  R.  I.,  June  13,  1904.  He 
was  admitted  to  Providence  Typographi- 
cal Union  by  card  in  January,  1887,  and 
had  worked  in  various  printing  offices  in 
this  city. 

JAMES  J.  MURRAY  —  Born  South- 
bridge.  Mass.,  Feb.  11,  1859;  learned 
printing  on  the  Southbridge  Journal,  be- 
ginning July  10,  1877  ;  came  to  Pi-ovidence 
in  August,  1880,  and  worked  in  the  Press 
book  room,  at  Reid's,  the  What  Cheer. 
Press  and  Star,  Bulletin,  Journal  and 
Telegram  until  1887;  initiated  into  Provi- 
dence Union  April  8,  1883;  located  on 
News-Tribune,  Duluth,  Minn.,  in  1904. 

JOHN  E.  MURRAY — Born  Howard. 
111.  ;  learned  printing  in  Pawtucket,  R.  I.  : 
worked  in  Providence  in  1897;  located  in 
Hartford,   Conn.,  in  1904. 

THOMAS  P.  MURRAY  (brother  of 
James  J.  Murray)  — Born  Southbridge, 
Mass.,  May  20,  1864  ;  died  Boston,  Mass.  ; 
learned  printing  in  Providence  in  the  book 
and  job  office  of  the  Evening  Press,  be- 
ginning in  1881  ;  initiated  into  No.  33  in 
January,  1887  ;  worked  in  New  York  on 
the  Sun  and  in  Brooklyn  on  the  Eagle, 
and  later  came  back  to  Providence  and 
worked  on  the  Telegram ;  his  last  work 
was  in  Boston. 

JAMES  MUSPRATT — Born  New  Bed- 
ford. Mass.,  Feb.  15,  1843;  learned  print- 
ing trade  in  office  of  Providence  Journal 
and  worked  there  until  the  introduction 
of  the  linotype ;  since  that  time  he  has 
worked  on  the  Telegram  and  News  in 
Providence,  and  in  Pawtucket  on  the 
Chronicle ;  was  initiated  into  Providence 
Union  Feb.  28,  1886;  located  in  Hartford. 
Conn.,  in  1907. 

JOHN  MUSPRATT  —  Born  New  Bed- 
ford, Mass.,  Sept.   11,   1841,  where  he  also 


LX 


PRINTERS  AND  PRINTING  IN  PROVIDENCE 


learned  the  trade  of  a  printer;  he  worked 
in  Providence  in  the  years  X866,  '68  and 
'69,  on  the  Press  and  Herald  ;  was  initi- 
ated Into  Providence  Union  Sept.  8,  1866; 
now  located  in  New  Bedford,  Mass.  ;  re- 
tired from  printing. 

Initiated    Into    Providence    Typographical 
Union  on  Dates  Named : 

JAMES  J.  MAHER.  May  17,   1888. 

WILLIAM  E.  MAHONEy,  May.17,  1888 

JOHN  A.  MARCUS,  Feb.   24,   1901. 

CLARENCE  J.  MARENESS,  December, 
1892. 

JEANNETTE  M.  MARTIN  (Miss),  May 
17    1888 

JAMES  C.  MEAGHER,  July  25,  1886  ; 
bv  card  Juno,   1887. 

CHARLES  K.  MELLA'ILLE,  Jan.  14. 
1870;  worked  at  A.  Crawford  Greene's  in 
1863. 

H.  A.  MERRITT,  Feb.   26.   1893. 

HENRY  F.   MILLER,   Dec.   21,    1902. 

JOHN  T.  MONAHAN,  June  24,  1888 
(Pawtucket). 

P^RED  B.  M0RF:Y,  May  29,   1894. 

CYRUS  O.  MOULTON,  April  30,  1893. 

DENNIS  J.  MURPHY  (b),  July  26, 
1885. 

LAWRENCE  A.  MURPHY,  Feb.  25, 
1900.  Now  a  comedian;  home  in  East 
Providence. 

HENRY   MURRAY    (b).   May    29,    1887. 

Admitted   by   Curd   on  Dates   NaDicd : 

JOHN  O.   MACKIN,  March,   1886. 

T.  J.  MAGUIRE,  July,   1886. 

WILLIAM  MALLOY,  Aug.    8,    1874. 

W.    F.    M ALONE,   July,    1888. 

FRED   B.    MANNING.   April   30,    1893. 

LEWIS  MANNING,  June  8,   1872. 

J.   G.   MARSHALL,   August,   1887. 

WILLIAM  J.  MARSHALL,  New  York 
card,  Aug.   8,   1868. 

J.  P.  MARTIN,  Dec.  27,  1885;  Mav, 
1888. 

WILLIAM  MATTHEWS,  Sept.  10,  1870  ; 
May  27,  1883. 

M.  E.  MATWIN(Mrs.)     September,  1888. 

PATRICK   MEEHAN,   April    24,    1898. 

J.   F.  MILl^ARD,   Sept.   27,   18'll. 

E.  T.  MILI>IGAN.  Sept.  30,  1883.  (Re- 
ported died  in  Oma,ha,   Neb.) 

WALTER  S.  MITCHELL  (name  in 
1870  constitution). 

V.   R.   MONTCJOMERY,  July  30,   188  1. 

JAMIOS   MOON,   Julv   28,    1901. 

JOSEPH    MOORE,    Aug.    28,    1898. 

SAMUEL  MOORE  (Rocky),  July  9, 
1870.      At   Boston,   Mass. 

E.    A.    MORAN.    February,    1886. 

l''RI<;i)   MORGAN.    Oct.    14,    1871. 

JOHN   L.   MORRIS.   0;'t.   25,    1903. 

JOHN  J.  MULLEN,   Feb.   7,   1904. 

THOMAS  K.  MUMFORD,  Nov.  24,  1901. 
<'cntral   Falls. 

DANTIOL   MURI'HV    (a),    Dec.    10.    1870. 

("MARLIOS  MURRAY,  January,  1887. 
At   New   Bedford. 

W.   A.   MUFtRAY,   Oct.    12,    1874. 

WHJ.,IAM   .1.   MURRAY,   Sept.    28,    1 810. 


Names  from  Providence  Directory: 

ETHELBERT  A.  MARSHALL. —  1830 
worked  at  12  Market  square;  1836  over 
19  and  27  Market  siiuarc 

WILLIAM  MASTERS  — 1844  worked 
over  15  Market  square;  1847  at  Journal 
office;   1850  at   15  Market  square. 

BENJAMIN  F.  MOORE — 1841  worked 
at  19  Market  square:  1844  at  12  South 
Main  street ;  published  Providence  Al- 
manac. 

GEORGE  H.  MOORE — 184  4  worked  at 
12  South  Main  street;  1847  over  15  Mar- 
ket square. 

JOHN  F.  MOORE — 1847  worked  over 
15   Market  square. 

DANIEL  MURPHY    (b) — 1838. 
•JOHN    MURPHY — 1850    (Hill,    Murphy 
&   Tillinghast)    publisher   of   Constellation 
at    15   Market   square. 

HENRY  MURRAY  (a) — 1850  worked 
at  15  Market  square;  1853  at  27  Ex- 
change place;  1855  at  24  Westminster 
street. 

Printers   Knoion    to   Have    Worked   Here : 

DANIEL  MAN — 1812. 

HERMAN   B.    MAN — 1812. 

JAMES  MARTIN — Worked  at  R.  I. 
Printing  Co.      Came  from   Patterson,   N.  J. 

SARAH  MILLER  (Mrs. )— 1891  Eve- 
ning Telegram. 

WILLIAM  O.  MILNE  (brother  of 
Joseph) — Worked  on  Daily  Post;  in  Civil 
war ;  now  proprietor  of  job  office  in 
Newport. 

JAMES  MORRIS — Worked  for  R.  I. 
Printing   Co. 

GEORGE  W.  MOWRY — Afterward  at 
Government  Printing  Office. 

WILLIAM  A.  MOWRY  —  Applied  for 
admission  to  Providence  Union  in  1862  : 
left  city  before .  application  was  acted 
upon. 

CHARLES  E.  McANDREWS  —  Born 
Bristol,  R.  I.,  April  20,  1876;  learned 
printing  in  office  of  Whittemore  &  Col- 
burn,  beginning  in  1892;  initiated  into 
Pawtucket  Union  at  February  meeting, 
1901  ;  admitted  to  Providence  I^nion  by 
card  November,  1902  ;  worked  for  several 
years  on  Journal  ;  now  employed  on 
Tribune. 

JOHN  McAULIFFE — Died  I'rovidence 
Dec.  18,  1872,  in  the  26th  year  of  his  age; 
he  had  learned  printing  in  the  Journal 
office  and  worked  there  until  his  death. 

DANIEL  A.  McCANN — Born  Newport. 
R.  I.,  where  he  learned  printing ;  in  the 
Civil  war  served  in  the  1st  and  7th  Regi- 
ments, R.  I.  Vols.  ;  initiated  into  Provi- 
dence Union  Sept.  30,  1883;  worked  on 
Morning  Star  ;  now  itiniate  of  Soldiers' 
Home  at   Bristol. 

JOSEPH  V.  McCANN— Born  Provi- 
dence Dec.  22,  1863  ;  learned  printing  In 
the   office   of   the    Evening    Press   and    has 

worked   In  this  city  at  various  times  since 


THE  JOURNEYMEN 


LXI 


1880;  was  initiate!  into  Providence  Union 
July  31,  1887,  and  was  Vice  President  in 
1903  and  financial  secretary  in  1904.  Mr. 
McCann  has  travelled  extensively.  In 
187  8  and  '79  was  in  New  Mexico,  Arizona 
and  Colorado.  He  has  been  a  member 
of  more  than  100  Unions  affiliated  with 
the  I.  T.  U. 

JAMES  H.  McCarthy — Born  Provi- 
dence Nov.  11,  1871  ;  learned  printing  at 
Livermore  &  Knight's  and  on  the  Journal  ; 
initiated  into  Providence  Union  Aug.  26, 
1894;  went  to  Boston  in  1895,  where  he 
is  at  present  employed  as  a  linotype 
operator  on  the  Herald. 

ROBERT  E.  McCarthy — Born  Provi- 
dence Aug.  8,  1866;  learned  printing  in 
Willimantic,  Conn.,  beginning  in  1882  ; 
initiated  into  Providence  Union  May  29, 
1887  ;  worked  in  this  city  at  printing 
about  two  years,  and  then  gave  up  the 
business  to  engage  in  railroading ;  at 
present  a  locomotive   engineer. 

SAMUEL  N.  Mccarty  —  Elected  a 
member  of  Providence  Union  Dec.  30, 
1900.  He  was  born  in  1874,  learned  print- 
ing In  Leaderer's  office,  Buffalo,  N.  Y., 
and  had  worked  in  Norwich,  Conn. 

JOHN  McCAULEY — Born  Washington, 
D.  C,  Nov.  .5,  187  8  ;  learned  printing  in 
offices  of  T.  M.  Curry  and  T.  P.  Morse,  in 
that  city ;  came  to  Providence  April  25, 
1904. 

JOHN  PHILIP  McCAULEY — Born  San 
Francisco,  Cal.,  April  2,  1865  ;  learned 
printing  at  Bangor,  Me.,  beginning  in 
1881,  and  finished  in  the  office  of  the 
Rhode  Island  Printing  Co.  in  this  city ; 
worked  here  in  18 83-' 84  ;  now  employed 
on  the  Boston  Globe. 

NORMAN  L.  McCAUSLAND  —  Born 
Providence  Sept.  6,  1868  ;  learned  trade 
at  Rhode  Island  Printing  Co.,  beginning 
in  1882  ;  learned  to  operate  a  linotype  on 
the  Evening  Bulletin. 

JAMBS  E.  McCLINTOCK— Born  Fall 
River,  Mass.,  Dec.  17,  1863  ;  learned^ 
printing  on  Fall  River  News ;  initiated 
into  Providence  LTnion  Aug.  27,  1884  ; 
worked  on  Journal  until  1889  ;  in  New 
York  1S89-'91;  in  Boston  1891-1907;  now 
employed  on  Evening  Bulletin. 

GEORGE  McCLURE— Born  Coshockton, 
O.,  March  15,  1863;  learned  printing  in 
that  town,  beginning  Sept.  2,  1878;  ad- 
mitted to  Providence  LTnion  b.v  card  at 
the  July  meeting,  1888;  "worked  in  every 
town  in  the  United  States  and  Canada  of 
any  importance,  and  in  a  great  many  that 
were  not  of  importance ;"  located  in 
Brooklyn,  N.  Y.,  in  1904. 

ALEXANDER  McCOMB  —  Committed 
suicide  Sept.  26,  1886,  in  the  printing 
office  of  Hammond,  Angell  &  Co.,  this 
city.  He  was  discovered  by  the  fore- 
man of  the  office,  Arthur  Shaw.  He  had 
learned   the    trade   of   a   pressman    in   the 


Journal  press  room,  coming  there  in  1856, 
when  the  first  Hoe  cylinder  press  was  in- 
stalled. He  was  initiated  into  Providence 
Typographical  Union  April  18,  1857  ;  had 
worked  in  alinost  every  printing  office  in 
Providence  ;  was  about  55  years  old  at 
time  of  death. 

ANDREW  J.  McCONNBLL — Born  West 
Chester,  Pa.  ;  began  to  learn  printing  in 
New  York  city  in  1874  ;  admitted  to 
Providence  Union  by  card  Sept.  27,  1891. 
He  came  to  this  city  from  Brooklyn, 
N.  Y.,  with  Mr.  and  Mrs.  John  L.  Heaton, 
founders  of  the  Providence  Daily  News, 
and  was  its  first  foreman.  Toward  the 
end  of  1892  there  was  a  lock-out  of  the 
Union  force  in  the  News  composing  room 
and  Mr.  McConnell  lost  his  position  there- 
by. Shortly  after  he  went  to  Woonsocket 
and  became  interested  in  the  Evening 
Call  of  that  city  and  is  now  part  owner 
and  managing  editor  of  that  successful 
paper. 

HUGH  McDEVITT — Born  Dublin,  Ire- 
land, Jan.  1,  1837  ;  learned  printing  in 
Liverpool,  Eng.  He  writes  :  "First  worked 
in  Providence  in  the  fall  of  1864,  on  the 
Journal.  There  as  an  alleymate  met 
the  first  Mormon  I  ever  knew,  who,  as 
soon  as  he  learned  I  was  a  soldier  of 
European  experience,  offered  me  a  com- 
mission in  the  Mormon  army  and  tried  to 
get  me  to  go  to  Utah  ;  but  his  descriptions 
of  Mormondom  conflicted  with  my  taste 
and  I  concluded  to  remain  a  Puritan."  In 
the  spring  of  1865  he  worked  on  the  Post; 
employed  on  the  Boston  Globe  in  1907. 

PETER  A.  McDonald  —  Died  Paw- 
tucket,  R.  I.,  Nov.  22,  1866,  aged  28  years, 
7  months  and  20  days,  the  first  member 
of  Providence  Union  to  pass  away  after 
its  organization.  He  was  a  native  of 
Nova  Scotia;  initiated  into  No.  33  Sept. 
11,  1858;  President  in  1860  and  '61  and 
delegate  in  1862.  The  members  of  the 
Union  attended  the  funeral  in  a  body. 

TERESA  McDonald  —  Born  Bristol, 
R.  I.  ;  learned  printing  in  Woonsocket, 
R.  I.,  beginning  in  1882  ;  initiated  into 
Providence  Union  Sept.  26,  1886.  Miss 
McDonald  writes  :  "I  am  at  present  (1904) 
employed  as  proofreader  on  the  Washing- 
ton Post  and  have  been  since  1894,  ex- 
cepting three  months  in  1902,  which  I 
spent  in  the  Government  Printing  Office. 
Since  leaving  Providence  I  have  worked 
in  seven  States,  viz.  :  Connecticut,  Mas- 
sachusetts, Ohio,  Illinois.  Colorado,  New 
York,  Virginia  and  the  District  of  Colum- 
bia. My  affiliation  with  the  Typographi- 
cal LTnion  has  continued  without  a  break, 
and  it  is  my  hope  and  desire  to  retain  my 
membership  therewith,  either  actively  or 
passively,  as  long  as  I  live." 

PATRICK  E.  Mcelroy — Bom  Provi- 
dence in  1870;  died  in  this  city  June  23, 
1900  ;  learned  printing  on  the  Evening 
Bulletin  and  was  a  linotype  operator  ;  he 
was  initiated  into  Providence  Union  Sept. 
24,   1893. 


LXII 


PRINTERS  AND  PRINTING  IN  PROVIDENCE 


JOHN  McGINTY  ("Texas  Jack")  — 
Born  in  1837  ;  admitted  to  Providence 
Union  by  card  April  11,  1868;  admitted 
to  Union  Printers'  Home  from  New  York 
Jan.  1,  1899;  probably  died  in  New  York 
State  Insane  Asylum  on  Ward's  Island. 

JOSEPH  H.  McGUINNESS — Born  Mis- 
souri March  3,  1866  ;  learned  printing  on 
Providence  Telegram,  beginning  April, 
1886  ;  admitted  to  Providence  Union  as 
apprentice  member  May  26,  1889  ;  initi- 
ated into  Boston  Union,  No.  13,  Feb.  23, 
1890,  and  worked  in  that  city  on  the 
Globe ;  also  in  Phenix,  on  the  Gleaner ; 
now  foreman  Westerly  Daily  Sun. 

JAMES  McGWIN  —  Died  Providence 
Feb.  26,  1876,  aged  37  years.  He  was  a 
native  of  Ireland.  In  the  Civil  war  he 
served  three  years  in  the  7th  R.  I.  Inf. 
and  was  wounded  at  Fredericksburg,  Va. 
Probably  learned  printing  at  A.  Craw- 
ford Greene's  and  was  foreman  of  that 
office  for  a  time. 

MICHAEL  J.  McHUGH — Born  Provi- 
dence July  14,  1868  ;  learned  printing  with 
Whittemore  &  Thompson,  beginning  in 
1885;  then  woi-ked  about  2i^  years  with 
E.  L.  Freeman,  Central  Falls  ;  since  that 
time  has  been  with  the  Providence  Jour- 
nal, of  which  he  was  assistant  foreman 
for  many  years  ;  now  a  linotype  operator. 
Mr.  McHugh  joined  Providence  Union  as 
an  apprentice  member  April  24,  1887.  He 
is  the  inventor  of  an  improved  printers' 
galley. 

J.  M.  McINERNEY  —  Born  Worcester, 
Mass.,  where  he  learned  printing,  begin- 
ning in  1889  ;  worked  in  Providence  in 
1897  ;  employed  on  the  New  York  Herald 
in  1904. 

FRANK  J.  McKAY — Born  Buenos  Ayres, 
Argentine  Republic,  S.  A.,  July  4,  1870; 
learned  printing  in  Providence,  R.  I.,  on 
the  R.  I.  Democrat,  beginning  in  1882  ; 
initiated  into  Providence  Union  Feb.  26, 
1889  ;  worked  in  several  Eastern  cities ; 
served  in  the  2d  Artillery,  D  Battery,  in 
Cuba,  and  in  the  4  6tli  Infantry  in  the 
Philippines  ;  at  present  in  press  room  of 
Providence  Journal. 

MRS.  LULU  BBNNER  (nee  McKay)  — 
Born  Providence  Nov.  10,  1881;  learned 
printing  in  office  of  Telegram,  beginning 
in  1898  ;  now  retired  from  the  business. 

ALEXANDER  McKEE  —  Initiated  into 
Provl<Ience  Union  June  24,  1900.  He  was 
born  in  187  2,  learned  printing  in  Barrio, 
Vt.,  and  had  been  in  the  regular  army. 

JAMES  FRANCIS  McKENNA  —  Born 
Providence  in  1888;  learned  printing  with 
J.  J.  Ryder,  1903-'07  ;  participated  in  tho 
effort  for  tlie  eight-hour  day  at  the  end 
of  his  apprenticesliip. 

WILLIAM  D.  McKENZnO— IJorn  Provi- 
dence Nov.  1,  1877;  h>arned  iirinting  in 
the  office  of  Charles  W.  I.,ittell,  begiiniing 


in  1892  ;  initiated  into  No.  33  June  30, 
1898;  enlisted  in  the  Hospital  Corps  dur- 
ing the  Spanish  War  ;  worked  on  the  Eve- 
ning Bulletin  ;  now  on  New  York  Herald. 

W.  R.  McKENZIE — Born  Duquoin,  111., 
Aug.  7,  1868;  learned  printing  on  Chester 
(111.)  Clarion,  beginning  in  1882;  worked 
in  most  towns  of  any  size  in  the  United 
States ;  also.  City  of  Mexico ;  Nome. 
Alaska  ;  London,  England  ;  now  employed 
on  New  York  Tribune  ;  worked  on  Provi- 
dence Journal  summer  1906. 

CHARLES  T.  McKINLEY — Died  at  the 
Soldiers'  Home,  Chelsea,  Mass.,  Dec.  22, 
1900,  and  was  buried  in  the  Soldiers' 
Home  lot.  Forest  Dale  Cemetery,  Maiden, 
grave  No.  227.  He  was  admitted  to 
Providence  Union  by  card  April  8,  1883, 
and  had  worked  in  various  printing  offices 
in  this  city. 

MILES  A.  McNAMEE  —  Born  Provi- 
dence Jan.  7,  1861;  learned  printing  in 
the  Evening  Press  job  office  ;  worked  at 
A.  Crawford  Greene's  ;  now  employed  in 
the  printing  office  of  the  Rumford  Chemi- 
cal Works.  In  politics  Mr.  McNamee  has 
been  chairman  of  the  Democratic  City 
Committe  of  Providence,  delegate  to  the 
National  Democratic  convention  of  1896, 
and  is  councilman  from  the  Tenth  Ward 
of  Providence  in  1907. 

P.  J.  McNULTY — Born  Providence  May 
23,  1872  ;  learned  printing  at  M.  J.  Cum- 
mings's  office,  beginning  in  1901  ;  em- 
ployed at  Phenix,  R.  I.,  in  1904. 

WILLIAM  McPHERSON — Born  Pictou. 

N.  S.,  March  26,  1838;  learned  the  print- 
ing trade  there,  beginning  in  1853  ;  came 
to  Providence  in  June,  1859,  working  at 
A.  Crawford  Greene's,  then  located  at  24 
Westminster  street ;  initiated  into  Provi- 
dence Union  March  12,  1884;  from  1873 
to  1894  he  was  with  J.  A.  &  R.  A.  Reid. 
and  from  the  latter  date  he  has  worked 
with  E.  A.  Johnson  &  Co.  ;  in  the  State 
militia  he  rose  to  the  rank  of  major. 

THOMAS  BOYD  McQUEEN  —  Born 
Glasgow,  Scotland,  where  he  learned  the 
printing  trade  ;  worked  in  Providence 
about  seven  weeks  in  1885  on  the  Star 
and  Journal.  Mr.  McQueen  prepared  for 
tlie  operatic  stage  and  has  sung  in  Europe 
and  America  in  grand  opera.  Now  em- 
ployed on  the  New  York  Herald. 

Initiated    Into    Providence    Typographical 
Union  on  Dates  Named: 

WILLIAM  McCANN,  April  8,  1883. 
Died  in   l'\ill  River. 

F.  D.  Mc(\VRTER,   Feb.   26,   1893. 

J.  Ct.  Mccarty,  doc.  i5.  1867. 

W  L.   McCLINTOCK,   Dec   2  8,   1890. 

GEORGE   D.    Mcculloch,   Jan.    29, 

1 893 

HUGH  F.  McCUTCHEN,  Oct.  29,  1887. 
Learned   trade   on   Bulletin.      (  Deceased. ) 

(JEORGE     W.     McDonald,     Nov.     28, 

1S9G. 


THE  JOURNEYMEN 


LXIII 


PHILIP  McGEE,  Feb.  26,  1889.  (Press- 
man.) Lived  in  Pawtucket ;  worlted  on 
Morning  Star. 

THOMAS  McGUIGAN,  Jan.    29,   1893. 

J.  A.  McGUINNESS,  April  15,  1883. 
( Reported  dead. ) 

WILLIAM  J.  McKAY,  Nov.  2  8,  1883. 

KATIE  McKIERNAN  (Miss),  June  27, 
1886. 

WILLIAM  McMAHON,   May  17,   1888. 

JOHN  McMANUS,  Nov.   14,   1874. 

PETER  McNAMARA,  Aug.  31,  1890. 

N.  A.  McPHERSON,  Feb.   24,   1901. 

Admitted   hy  Card  on  Dates  Named: 

JAMES  McCANN,  November,   1883. 

JOHN  H.  McCANN,  February,  1886. 
Worlted  on  Journal  and  later  in  Boston 
and   New  York. 

WILLIAM   B.    McCANN,   April    8,    1883. 

J.  R.  McCONICA,  June  25,  1884.  (Re- 
ported dead  at  St.  John.  N.  B. ) 

H.  C.  McCONNELL,  deposited  and 
witlidrew  card  in  1877. 

JAMES  McCONVILLE,  January,  1887. 
(Dead.) 

WILLIAM  H.  McCORMACK,  Dec.  31, 
1899 

WILLIAM  A.  McCORMICK,  July  28, 
1901. 

E.  P.  McCREARY,  from  Sci'anton,  Pa., 
Jan.  9,  1869. 

RONALD  S.  McDonald,  Feb.  26,  1899. 

ROBERT    c.    Mcdowell,    Aug.    13, 

1870  ;  Oct.  S,  1870. 

A.  J.  McFARLAND.   October,   1888. 

T.  N.  McGILL  ("Charley  Ross"),  July 
30,  1884;  August,  1888.     (Reported  dead.) 

JOSEPH  J.  McGINLEY,  January,  1889. 
(Dead.) 

WILLIAM  H.  McGOWAN,  August,  1888. 

WILLIAM  F.  McGRATH,   Feb.   28,  1892. 

GEORGE  A.  McGUINNESS,  July  30, 
1884.    Brother  of  Joseph  H.  McGuinness. 

JOHN  B.   McILVAIN,   Feb.   27,   1884. 

THOMAS  G.  McKEAN,  August,   1888. 

P.  H.  McKENNA,  February,   1886. 

T.  P.  McKINNEY,  February,  1886.  In 
1905  at  San  Luis  Obispo,  Cal. 

JOHN  A.  McKINNON,  Oct.   31,   1897. 

W.  J.  McMICKING  (Sidewheeler"), 
April,  1886. 

FRANK  McNAMEE,  Mav  10,  1873.  No. 
4173  in  "Big  Six"  in  1906. 

JOHN  McNAMEE,   Sept.  30,   1883. 

GOODWIN  B.   McNARY,   Dec.   27,   1885. 

T.  K.  McNEIR,  May,  1885. 

B.  H.  McQUEENEY,  March,  1885. 

CHARLES  Mcquillan,  oct.  26,  i890. 

DANIEL  McSWEENEY,  Sept.  25,   1898. 

Printers   Known    to    Have    Worked   Here : 

JAMES    McCORMICK — 1883. 
MINNIE   McCOY — At    Freeman's,    Cen- 
tral Falls. 

W.   H.  McCANN — 1903. 

SAMUEL  McNAUGHT — Directory  1904. 

ALBERT  NELSON — Born  Boston.  Mass., 
in  1852  ;  learned  printing  in  that  city,  be- 
ginning in  1873  ;  worked  in  Providence  in 
1887  ;  visited  this  city  again  in  1904. 


WILLIAM  A.  NEWELL  — Born  Alle- 
ghany City,  Pa.  ;  learned  printing  in  Fall 
River,  Mass.,  beginning  in  1877  ;  admit- 
ted to  Providence  Union  by  card  Dec.  26, 
1883;  worked  on  Evening  Bulletin  for 
about  18  years  until  1901  ;  for  about  10 
years  had  charge  of  the  advertising  de- 
partment in  the  composing  room ;  since 
1901  he  has  been  in  the  hay  and  grain 
business  at  Auburn,  R.  I. 

JOSEPH  T.  NEWTON — Died  at  the  R. 
L  Hospital  Feb.  13,  1900,  in  his  44th 
year.  He  was  found  in  the  early  morn- 
ing unconscious  on  Jackson  street,  in 
front  of  the  Y.  M.  C.  A.  building,  where 
he  probably  fell  and  fractured  his  skull 
while  on  his  way  home  from  work  on  the 
Journal.  He  was  a  native  of  England, 
but  came  to  this  city  from  Springfield, 
Mass.  ;  initiated  into  Providence  Union 
Nov.  30,  1885  ;  worked  on  the  Journal  as 
compositor,  linotype  operator  and  night 
editor.  Walter  Scott,  Albert  E.  Morrill 
and  C.  E.  Burtwell  were  "bearers  at  the 
funeral.  Burial  was  at  Pocasset  Ceme- 
tery. 

ROBERT  E.  NEWTON — Born  Wake- 
field, Mass.,  Sept.  3,  1867;  learned  print- 
ing in  the  "Kindergarten"  of  the  Provi- 
dence Journal  office,  beginning  in  1884  ; 
initiated  into  No.  33  Sept.  25,  1887  ;  at 
present  assistant  foreman  Evening  Bul- 
letin. 

BLIAS  S.  NICKERSON — Initiated  into 
Providence  Union  June  28,  1885  ;  worked 
in  Pawtucket  and  on  Evening  Press ;  in 
the  Civil  war  served  in  navy  ;  now  mem- 
ber of  firm  of  John  F.  Greene  Co. 

JAMES  L.  NICKERSON — Died  Paw- 
tucket, R.  I.,  April  5,  1866,  aged  31  years 
and  26  days  ;  learned  printing  in  office  of 
Pawtucket  Gazette  and  Chronicle  ;  in  1854 
he  worked  at  11  Market  square  in  Provi- 
dence. 

WILLIAM  C.  NICKERSON  —  Born 
Providence  May  15,  1880;  learned  print- 
ing in  office  of  Journal,  beginning  in  1897  ; 
left  Providence  in  1901  for  Boston,  where 
he  is  at  present  employed. 

ALEXANDER  P.  NIGER — Died  Provi- 
dence Jan.  13,  1898,  aged  68  years.  He 
was  the  first  man  of  color  to  work  at 
printing  in  Providence  and  probably  the 
first  one  to  be  admitted  to  any  Typo- 
graphical Union  in  the  United  States.  His 
name  appeai-s  in  the  Directory  of  1850  as 
working  at  15  Market  square,  where  the 
Daily  Post  was  printed.  Later  he  worked 
at  24  Westminster  street,  A.  Crawford 
Greene's  office.  He  was  a  charter  mem- 
ber of  Providence  LTnion  in  1857  and 
retained  his  membership  until  1878,  when 
the  Union  disbanded. 

JAMES  C.  NIXON — Born  Drogheda. 
county  Meath,  Ireland,  July  2,  1864; 
learned  the  printing  trade  in  that  city ; 
came  to  Providence  in  1882  ;  was  initiated 
into  No.   33  April  29,   1888. 


LXIV 


PRINTERS  AND  PRINTING  IN  PROVIDENCE 


GEORGE  A.  NOBLE — Died  at  East 
Side  Hospital  Oct  12,  1!)03,  aged  49  years, 
after  undergoing  a  surgical  operation. 
He  was  one  of  the  proprietors  of  the 
What  Cheer  Printing  Co.  ;  in  1900  he  was 
a  member  of  the  General  Assembly  from 
Barrington,  of  which  town  he  was  a  resi- 
dent at  the  time  of  death. 

JOHN  J.  NOLAN — Born  Woonsocket 
Aug.  1.  1857  ;  learned  printing  trade  in 
the  office  of  the  Providence  Journal,  be-  • 
ginning  in  1876;  was  admitted  to  the 
Union  April  15,  1883  ;  has  worked  on  the 
Telegram,  Star  and  Press,  and  on  the 
Pawtucket  Times ;  located  in  Olneyville 
in  1907. 

STEPHEN  HENRY  NOLAN  —  Died 
Providence  July  29,  1896.  aged  30  years; 
lie  learned  printing  in  the  office  of  the 
Evening  Press,  beginning  in  1883  ;  initi- 
ated into  Providence  LTnion  at  the  De- 
cember meeting,  1886;  at  time  of  death 
was  employed  on  the  Journal ;  he  was 
brother  of  Thomas  M.  Nolan  of  Boston. 

THOMAS  M.  NOLAN — Born  Providence 
Dec.  14,  1859;  learned  printing  in  office 
of  Evening  Bulletin,  beginning  in  1876; 
worked  in  Providence  on  the  Bulletin, 
Journal,  Press,  Star,  Dispatch,  Telegram, 
and  in  book  and  job  offices  from  1876  to 
August,  1885,  when  he  went  to  Boston  to 
live  ;  was  initiated  into  Providence  Union 
April  15,  1883,  the  first  meeting  after 
the  reorganization,  and  took  an  active 
part  in  the  work  of  building  it  up  ;  was 
Vice  President,  also  delegate  to  the  R.  I. 
C.  L.  U.  ;  also  on  the  charter  list  of  the 
labor  newspaper.  "The  People."  In  Mas- 
sachusetts Mr.  Nolan  first  worked  on  the 
Somerville  Journal  and  the  Bo.«ton  Her- 
ald;  in  October,  1885,  was  day  foreman  of 
the  Post,  and  from  1891  to  1900  was  its 
night  foreman  ;  was  chairman  of  the  Post 
chapel  at  time  of  lockout  in  1891;  was 
reading  clerk  for  Boston  T.  U.,  No.  13, 
for  several  years,  and  delegate  to  New 
England  Printing  Trades'  and  State 
Branch,  A.  F.  of  L.  Mr.  Nolan  has  edited 
the  Union  Label  Magazine  since  1898. 

HENRY  NORFOLK  — Born  KIrkstall, 
England,  in  1864  ;  learned  printing  in 
Leeds,  England  ;  admitted  bv  card  to 
Providence  Union  Aug.  25,  1901  ;  was  12 
years  father  of  chapel  in  one  office  ;  for 
three  years  delegate  to  Providence  Allied 
Trades'  Council ;  participated  in  effort  for 
eight-hour  day  in  1906;  located  in  Provi- 
dence in  1907. 

CLARENCE  NORTHROP— Born  Ham- 
den,  Conn.,  Oct.  22,  1855  ;  learned  printing 
on  the  Bridgeport  Farmer,  beginning  in 
1870;  Pi'ovidence  "w;is  the  first  city  I 
struck  on  my  first  trip  'on  the  road  ;'  " 
admitted  l)y  card  to  No.  33  June  25,  1884  ; 
worked  on  the  Evening  Telegram  ;  with 
C.  G.  Whaples  &  Co.,  New  Haven,  Conn., 
in  1904. 


WALTER  BYRON  NORTON  —  Born 
Providence  Feb.  21,  1882;  learned  print- 
ing in  office  of  Visitor,  beginning  in  1897  ; 
assistant  foreman  Morning  Tribune  in 
1907. 

ALPHA  H.  NUTTING— Born  Delevan. 
111.,  Sept.  19,  1863  ;  learned  printing  in 
office  of  Fall  River  Sun,  beginning  in  May, 
1878;  initiated  into  Providence  Union 
Sept.  30,  1883;  worked  in  most  of  the 
large  cities  of  the  United  States  ;  several 
years  on  the  New  York  World,  and  since 
1894  in  Boston;  on  Hearst's  American, 
Boston,  in  1907. 

Initiated    Into    Providence    Typographical 
Union  on  Date  Named: 

HAROLD  E.   NOCK,  May   28,   1893. 

Admitted   by   Card  on  Dates  Named: 

H.  E.  NEWTON,  from  New  York,  July 
S,  1871. 

JAMES  W.    NEWTON,    Sept.   9,    1871. 
J.  H.  NORTON,  Aug.  10,  1872. 

Name    from   Providence   Directory: 

FREDERICK  A.  NIGER — 1863  ;  proba- 
bly learned  at  A.  Crawford  Greene's. 

JOSEPH  B.  OAKLEY  (Little  Joe)  — 
Died  Greenfield,  Mass.  ;  admitted  to  Provi- 
dence Union  by  card  Nov.  14,  1868; 
worked  in  this  city  at  various  times. 

G.  R.  O'BRIEN — Born  Oswego,  N.  Y.. 
Feb.  19,  1867  ;  learned  printing  in  Oswego, 
beginning  in  1879  ;  admitted  to  Providence 
Union  by  card  at  the  April  meeting,  1886, 
and  worked  in  this  city  during  that  spring 
and  summer  ;  located  in  Chicago,  111.,  in 
1904. 

JOSEPH  A.  O'BRIEN — Born  Providence 
Sept.  2.  1869  ;  learned  printing  on  Eve- 
ning Bulletin,  beginning  in  1888,  and 
worked  on  that  paper  as  a  linotype  opera- 
tor until  1906  ;  initiated  into  Providence 
Union  Aug.  31,  1890;  now  employed  on 
Evening  Tribune. 

STEPHEN  W.  OCKREY — Born  Provi- 
dence April  19,  1866;  learned  trade  at 
Utley's  Printing  Office,  Norwich,  Conn.,  of 
wliich  office  he  was  foreman  from  1885  to 
1891  ;  foreman  of  Norwich  Printing  Co. 
from  1891  to  1894;  foreman  Norwich 
Morning  Post  from  1894  to  1897;  initiated 
into  Providence  Union  Feb.  25,  1900;  with 
E.  A.  Johnson  &  Co.  from  1897  to  1906; 
participated  in  the  effort  for  the  eight- 
hour  day  in  1906. 

DANIEL  O'CONNOR — Born  Tiguish, 
I'.  E.  I.,  Jan.  31,  1879  ;  started  his  appren- 
ticeship to  printing  in  his  native  town 
and  finished  at  What  Cheer  Print  In  this 
city,  wliere  he  began  to  work  in  1895; 
obligatoil  in  Providence  Union  Mav  27, 
1900;  financial  sec'retary  in  1903,  and  was 
elected  \'ice  I'resident  in  1904,  succeed- 
ing to  the  president'y  when  Mr.  Goer  left 
the    city;    Vice    President    again    In    1907; 


THE  JOURNEYMEN 


LXV 


delegate  to  Colorado  Springs  I.  T.  U.  con- 
vention in  1906  ;  now  employed  on  Eve- 
ning Bulletin. 

JOHN  EDWARD  O'CONNOR  —  Born 
Manchester,  N.  H..  March  11,  1849;  began 
apprenticeship  in  Providence  Journal  office 
in  1867  ;  worked  on  Journal  and  in  Bos- 
ton, and  recently  in  book  offices  in  Provi- 
dence. 

ROBERT  O'CONNOR — Born  Ireland  in 
1850;  began  to  learn  printing  in  1864  in 
London.  Ontario;  admitted  to  Providence 
Union  by  card  Sept.  10.  1870  ;  worked  on 
the  Morning  Herald  until  1873  ;  on  the 
Inter-Ocean,  Chicago,  in  1905. 

FRANK  O'DONNELL — Born  Pawtucket, 
R.  I.,  Nov.  8,  1868;  learned  printing  in 
the  office  of  Sibley  &  Lee  in  that  city, 
beginning  in  1883  ;  worked  in  Providence 
at  various  times  between  1886  and  1890 
on  the  Telegram  and  Journal  ;  initiated 
into  Providence  Union  July  31,  1887  ;  char- 
ter member  of  Pawtucket  Union.  No.  212. 
organized  Monday,  Dec.  3,  1888  ;  deposited 
card  in  New  York  Nov.  6,  1890;  em- 
ployd  on  the  New  York  American  in   1904. 

CHARLES  STANLEY  OGDEN  —  Born 
Bridgeport,  Pa.,  May  26,  1865  ;  leai-ned 
printing  in  Philadelphia  ;  worked  at  Snow 
&  Farnham's  from  1887  to  1906;  initiated 
into  Providence  Union  Dec.  30,  1888  ;  par- 
ticipated in  the  effort  for  the  eight-hour 
day  in  1906  ;  now  employed  on  Attleboro 
Sun. 

THOMAS  J.  O' GORMAN — Born  Clon- 
mel,  county  Tipperary,  Ireland.  June  12. 
1863  ;  learned  printing  on  the  Tipperary 
Free  Press,  beginning  in  1876  ;  initiated 
into  Tipperary  Union  in  1882  ;  came  to 
New  York  in  1885  ;  and  to  Providence  in 
1906. 

HENRY  WILLIAM  O'HARA  —  Born 
Taunton,  Mass.,  Sept.  14,  1878  ;  learned 
printing  in  office  of  C.  A.  Hack  &  Son 
in  that  city,  beginning  in  1894;  initiated 
into  Providence  Union  March  25.  1900  ; 
worked  in  this  city  in  the  offices  of  the 
Journal  and  Chaffee-Mclndoe ;  in  Boston 
on  the  Herald  ;  now  conducting  the 
Oxford  Printing  Co.  in  this  city. 

JOHN  F.  O'HARA — Born  Feb.  27.  1873, 
at  Taunton.  Mass.  ;  learned  printing  on 
the  Taunton  News  and  Providence  Jour- 
nal, beginning  in  1890  ;  initiated  into 
Providence  Union  Nov.  28.  1896;  worked 
a  short  time  on  Pawtuxet  Valley  Gleaner 
before  coming  to  Providence  ;  worked  as 
linotype  operator  on  Bulletin  and  Journal 
imtil  1906  ;  now  employed  on  Tribune. 

W.  H.  O'HARA  (pressman) — Died  Rox- 
bury.  Mass..  June  4,  1901.  He  was  one 
of  the  most  skilful  pressmen  in  the  coun- 
try and  had  worked  in  Providence.  Worces- 
ter. New  York  and  Boston.  He  was  initi- 
ated into  Providence  Union  June  27,  1886. 


JAMES  D.  O'HERN — Born  Providence 
Aug.  13,  1870  ;  learned  printing  at  Reid's, 
beginning  in  1889;  initiated  into  Provi- 
dence Union  June  26,   1892. 

WILLIAM  OLNEY  —  Died  Providence 
Jan.  10,  1807.  in  tha  24th  year  of  his  age. 
He  bought  the  Phoenix  July  7,  1804,  and 
published  it  to  the  time  of  his  death. 

JOHN  A.  O'NEILL — Born  in  1857; 
learned  printing  in  offices  of  Millard,  Gra>' 
&  Simpson  and  Rhode  Island  Printing  Co.  ; 
worked  in  Boston  and  New  York  ;  initi- 
ated into  Bix  Six  ;  admitted  to  Providence 
Union  by  card  at  May  meeting,  1887,  and 
soon  after  placed  on  honorary  list,  hav- 
ing engaged  in  other  business;  in  1901 
returned  to  printing  and  is  now  located 
in  Boston  on  the  Globe. 

LOUIS  B.  O'NEILL  —  Born  Detroit. 
Mich..  Feb.  5.  1859;  learned  printing  there, 
beginning  in  1873  and  receiving  card  in 
1877  ;  withdrew  card  from  Providence 
Union  July  1,  1883,  having  worked  on  the 
Telegram ;  has  worked  in  various  cities 
and  again  visited  Providence  in  June,  1906. 

NATHAN  M.  ORMSBEB— Born  Provi- 
dence Sept.  1,  1821,  in  a  house  on  Gaspee 
street.  He  attended  schools  kept  by  Mrs. 
Seagrave  and  Oliver  Angell.  Learned  the 
printing  trade  in  the  office  of  the  Repub- 


NATHAX    M.    ORMSBEE. 

lican-Herald  ;  worked  on  the  Gaspee 
Torchlight,  the  Journal,  Post,  Heralrl  and 
Star  in  this  city,  the  Tribune  and  Morning 
Star  in  New  York  city  and  in  Pawtucket 
for  Robert  Sherman.  He  was  initiated  into 
Providence  Union  April  18,  1857;  was 
financial  secretary  in  1873.  Mr.  Ormsbee 
became  the  oldest  printer  in  Rhode  Island 


LXVI 


PRINTERS  AND  PRINTING  IN  PROVIDENCE 


Oct.  28,  1904,  by  the  death  of  Samuel  S. 
Wilson.  For  many  years  he  was  a  promi- 
nent figure  in  ward  politics  in  the  old 
First  Ward,  now  the  Second  Ward.  He 
retired  from  printing  in  1877. 

WILLIAM  A.  ORAHOOD— Was  killed 
in  a  railroad  wreck  on  the  Norfolk  & 
Western  railroad,  near  Marion,  Va.,  Dec. 
13,  1897.  The  body  was  frightfully 
mangled.  A  certificate  of  membership, 
issued  by  Pittsburg  Typographical  Union, 
was  found  on  the  remains,  and  U.  S.  Com- 
missioner Williams  of  Marion,  formerly 
a  printer,  notified  Secretary  Cully  of  Pitts- 
burg. The  relatives  of  the  deceased  re- 
sided in  Marysville.  O.  Mr.  Orahood  had 
been  admitted  to  Providence  Union  by 
card  in  1885.     He  was  37  years  of  age. 

HENRY  K.  ORME — Born  Ireland  Sept. 
12,  1850  ;  learned  printing  with  Providence 
Press  Co.,  beginning  about  1868;  his  "first 
job  as  an  apprentice  was  inking  poster 
work  for  the  late  John  H.  Campbell  on 
large  hand  presses  ;"  worked  for  Millard, 
Gray  &  Simpson  and  J.  A.  &  R.  A.  Reid, 
and  one  year  at  printing  in  New  York 
city ;  now  with  Flint  &  Co.,  this  city,  as 
salesman. 

THOMAS  F.  OROURKE — Born  Provi- 
dence Jan.  31.  1860  ;  learned  trade  of 
proofreader  on  Journal,  beginning  in  1885, 
and  is  at  present  employed  there  in  that 
capacity  ;  initiated  into  Providence  Union 
Sept.  24,  1899. 

JOHN  F.  O'SULLIVAN — Born  Brook- 
lyn, N.  Y.,  March  22,  1873;  learned  print- 
ing on  the  Standard-Union,  beginning  in 
1888  ;  worked  in  Providence  for  a  short 
time  in  1905,  between  the  meetings  of  the 
union  ;  located  in  Beverly,  Mass,,  in  1905. 

ANDREW  M.  OTIS  —  Born  Nashua, 
N.  H.,  Aug.  3.  1850;  learned  printing  in 
office  of  the  Nashua  Daily  Telegraph,  be- 
ginning in  1871  ;  worked  in  Providence 
after  serving  his  time  until  Dec.  22,  1881  ; 
was  foreman  of  the  Sunday  Dispatch,  the 
first  Sunday  paper  published  in  Provi- 
dence, wliile  it  was  pi'inted  on  Weybosset 
street ;  then  on  the  Evening  Bulletin  and 
Daily  Journal  until  18S1,  when  he  re- 
turned to  Nashua.  Mr.  Otis  Is  a  charter 
member  of  Nasliua  Typographical  Union 
and  foreman  of  the  Telegraph. 

Initiated  Into  Providence  T^jpofjrophicdl 
Union  on  Dates  Named : 

CHARLES  W.  OBERTON,  Sept.  30. 
1888.  Was  assistant  foreman  of  Bulletin: 
took  foicmaiislijp  of  Telegram  after  tlic 
lockout,  when  Janu's  Russell  was  deposed  ; 
In  Rockland,  Mc,  In   1905. 

JOHN  J.  O'FLANAGAN,  Feb.  24.  1901. 
(Wiltor  on    Boston   Advertiser   1905.) 

F.  J.  O'LKARY.  Apiil   25,    1886. 

JOHN  OMKARA,  Aug.  27,  1884  ;  worked 
on  Journal  :  died   in  Boston. 

Atliiiittrd    Itii    Card    on    Dates    Named: 
JOSIOl'll   ()("()NNIOLL,   Nov.   1),    1 873. 


ED.   B.   OCONNER,  Feb.  24,   1901. 
J.  KERRY  OCONNER,  Dec.  9,  1871. 
JAMES  OCONNER,  April   8,   1871. 
DAVID  OHLE,  April   12.   1873. 
J.  H.  OLDFIELD.  October,  1883. 
O.  OLSEN,  Dec.  18,  1892. 

Printers   Known    to    Have    Worked    Here : 

EUGENE  F.  O'BRIEN  ("Duffy")— I. 
T.  LT.  delegate  from  Norwich  (Conn.) 
Union  to  Detroit  convention,  1899  ;  worked 
in  Providence  that  year  ;  home  in  Roches- 
ter, N.  Y. 

T.  J.  OCONNER — 187 — . 

PAUL  P.  ORTH — 1874. 

JOHN  E.  PACKENHAM  —  Born  Ire- 
land ;  died  in  this  city  Oct.  22,  1887,  aged 
23  years  ;  learned  printing  in  Ireland  ;  ini- 
tiated into  Providence  Union  July  3,  1884  ; 
worked  in  this  city  on  the  Morning  Star  ; 
also  in  Boston. 

WILLIAM  PALMER  ("Scotia") — Born 
Tillicoultry,  Scotland.  Oct.  3.  1S61  ;  learned 
printing  in  Scotland  and  England,  begin- 
ning in  1879  ;  first  came  to  Providence  in 
1882,  and  was  obligated  at  the  first  meet- 
ing of  the  reorganized  Union  April  8, 
1883  :  w'orked  on  the  Evening  Press,  Morn- 
ing Star.  Journal  and  Evening  Telegram  ; 
was  foreman  of  The  People  ;  also  worked 
in  Boston ;  delegate  to  I.  T.  U.  conven- 
tion in  1893  ;  President  of  No.  33  in 
1895,  1902  and  1903  ;  in  the  latter  year  the 
first  recognized  chapel  was  organized  in 
the  Journal  office  ;  member  of  the  souve- 
nir committee  and  toastmaster  at  the 
Fiftieth  Anniversary  banquet  (1907)  ;  now 
employed  on  the  Evening  Bulletin  as 
proofreader.  Mr.  Palmer  was  candidate 
for  Secretary  of  State  of  Rhode  Island 
on  the  Democratic  ticket  in  1906. 

HERBERT  PARKER  —  Initiated  into 
Providence  Union  Dec.  27,  1885;  worked 
on  the  Morning  Star  until  its  demise,  and 
then  returned  to  Nantucket,  where  he 
took  up  the  business  of  grocer. 

EDWARD  LEON  P.\RKINS  —  Born 
Salem,  Ore.,  June  23,  1877  ;  learned  print- 
ing at  Spokane.  Wash.,  beginning  in  1893; 
admitted  to  Providence  Union  by  card 
September,  1906  ;  worked  in  this  city  as  a. 
linotype  operator  until  the  following  De- 
cember, when  he  left  the  city. 

JONATHAN  C.  FARM  ENTER — Died 
New  Bedford.  Mass.,  March  4.  1S38,  aged 
:!5  >ears.  In  1S26-'2S  he  was  a  partner 
in  tlio  printing  firm  of  Smith  iV:  Parmen- 
tor  at  9  Market  street.  Providence.  About 
a  month  before  his  death  Mr.  Parmenter 
started  the  New  Bedford  Advertiser. 

CHARLES  HENRY  PARTRIDGE  — 
Horn  Franklin.  Mass.,  April.  1860;  died 
(s\il(lde)  Woonsocket.  R.  I.,  .Ai>ril  11, 
I!M)3  :  began  to  learn  printing  In  Frank- 
lin about  1876;  Initiated  into  Providence 
liilon  Feb.  27.  1887.  His  father.  G.  I. 
I'artrldge  of  Franklin,  wrote:  "The  rea- 
son of  Ills  death,  or  why   ho  took   his  life. 


THE  JOURNEYMEN 


LXVII 


will  always  remain  a  mystery.  He  had 
worked  in  the  office  of  the  Woonsocket 
Reporter  nearly  five  years,  was  always 
steady,  and  received  a  good  salary." 

WILLIAM  J.  PASSMORE — Committed 
suicide  by  cutting  his  throat  with  a  razor 
in  this  city  Oct.  10,  1895,  owing  to  de- 
spondency caused  by  illness  ;  he  was  initi- 
ated into  Providence  Union  May  31,  1885, 
and  had  worked  in  various  job  offices 
here. 

ALFRED  W.  PEARCE — In  1857  worked 
at  24  Westminster  street ;  li\ed  in  Paw- 
tucket  ;  name  in  list  of  members  in  1865 
constitution. 

BENJAMIN  W.  PEARCE — Born  Swan- 
sea, Mass.,  April  9,  1819  ;  died  Newport, 
R.  L,  April  15,  1904.  From  his  eighth  to 
his  eighteenth  j^ear  he  was  employed  in 
a  Fall  River  factory ;  then  he  was  ap- 
prenticed to  the  printing  business  in  the 
office  of  the  Fall  River  Patriot.  Without 
finishing  his  apprenticeship  he  came  to 
Providence  in  August,  1837,  and  entered 
the  employ  of  Knowles,  Vose  &  Co.  at 
$3  per  week.  His  work  was  printing  lot- 
tery tickets  on  a  hand  press.  At  the  end 
of  six  months  he  went  to  New  York  city 
to  work  as  a  "two-thirder."  No  man  in 
the  office  would  correct  his  first  proof  for 
the  price  it  would  bring.  While  in  New 
York  Mr.  Pearce  started  the  Sunday 
School  Monitor,  probably  the  first  Sunday 
school  paper  published  in  America.  He 
did  all  the  work  on  it  himself,  but  it  was 
not  successful,  and  he  returned  to  Fall 
River,  working  along  the  shore  for  two 
years.  In  June,  1840,  he  went  to  Paw- 
tucket,  where,  in  partnership  with  Elder 
Tappan  H.  Bacheller.  he  printed  the 
"Christian  Soldier,"  occupying  all  positions 
from  devil  to  assistant  editor.  Later  he 
published  a  weekly  temperance  paper 
called  "Sparkling  Fountain."  In  its  col- 
umns he  waged  a  bitter  warfare  against 
liquor  selling.  He  was  repeatedly  threat- 
ened with  bodily  harm,  and  one  night  his 
type  was  thrown  into  the  Blackstone 
river.  In  1843  he  sold  out  his  business 
and  accepted  the  position  of  foreman  in 
the  office  of  Ray  Potter  &  Son.  In  June, 
1852,  Mr.  Pearce  went  to  Boston  to  work 
in  the  office  of  J.  E.  Farwell  &  Co.  While 
in  their  employ  he  occupied  the  dual  posi- 
tion of  editor  and  foreman  of  a  weekly 
political  paper  through  two  political  cam- 
paigns. Here  Mr.  Pearce  acquired  the 
rare  accomplishment  of  putting  his 
thoughts  into  type  without  ha\'ing  previ- 
ously written  them.  Standing  at  the 
"case,"  apparently  engaged  in  the  manual 
occupation  of  typesetting,  ideas  flowed 
from  his  fingers  in  lead,  as  in  the  case  of 
others  from  a  penpoint,  in  ink.  This  prac- 
tice he  followed  thereafter.  The  fall  of 
1856  found  Mr.  Pearce  in  Providence 
again,  at  work  in  the  office  of  A.  Crawford 
Greene.  April  3.  1857.  in  company  with 
Noel  A.  Tripp,  he  started  the  Fall  River 
Daily  Evening  Star,  the  first  daily  in  that 


city.  The  Star  suspended  March  27,  1858. 
He  went  to  Biddeford,  Me.,  for  a  month, 
and  then  entered  the  employ  of  George  T. 
Hammond,  publisher  of  the  Newport  Daily 
News,  to  have  charge  of  its  local  depart- 
ment. In  1861  he  entei-ed  the  employ  of 
the  Providence  Evening  Press  as  their 
Newport  local  and  marine  correspondent, 
in  which  capacity  he  continued  for  25 
years,  during  which  time  he  was  elected 
Harbor  Master  for  eight  years.  In  1886. 
when  he  was  67  years  of  age,  he  started 
the  Newport  Enterprise,  and  continued  its 
publication  11  years,  when  failing  health 
compelled  him  to  abandon  the  work.  For 
this  paper  he  was  editor,  reporter,  type- 
setter, office  boy,  pressman,  printer's 
"devil,"  poet,  advertising  agent,  bill  col- 
lector, manager  and  news-boy.  His  poems 
have  been  collected  and  printed  in  a  small 
volume,  and  he  also  printed  a  book,  "Rec- 
ollections of  a  Long  and  Busy  Life," 
probably  doing  all  the  work  himself. 

ROBERT.  M.  PEARSE  — Born  Reho- 
both,  Mass.,  Oct.  21,  1803;  learned  print- 
ing   in    the    office    of    Miller    &    Hutchens. 


KOBKRT    M.    PE.\RSE. 

Providence,  beginning  in  1819.  Wliilc 
an  apprentice  he  set  some  of  tlio  type  for 
the  first  numbei-  of  the  Journal  in  1820. 
After  his  apprenticeship  he  worked  in 
this  city,  Boston,  Cambridge,  New  Bed- 
ford and  Taunton,  varying  his  work  at 
printing  with  two  attempts  at  fainiing. 
In  1863  he  entered  the  job  oflice  of 
Knowles,  Anthony  &  Co.  and  contiiuied 
until  1876,  when  sickness  compelled  liim 
to  leave  his  "case."  From  Feb.  13.  1877. 
until  liis  death.  Doc.  8,  1886.  lie  was  the 
oldest  printer  in  the  State. 


LXVIII 


PRINTERS  AND  PRINTING  IN  PROVIDENCE 


ARTHUR  S.  PEASE — Born  Putnam, 
Conn.,  March  26,  1864:  learned  printing 
on  the  Woonsocltet  Evening  Reporter,  be- 
ginning in  Septemlier,  1878;  initiated  into 
Providence  Union  May  2  8,  1884,  and 
worked  in  this  city  a  few  weeks  in  that 
year ;  was  transferred  to  "Big  Six,"  New 
York,  in  1898,  and  granted  a  withdrawal 
card  in  1902,  since  which  date  he  has 
represented  the  Goss  Printing  Press  Co. 
of  Chicago,  111.,  with  headquarters  hi 
New  York  City. 

LEROY  B.  PEASE  —  Born  Enfield, 
Conn.,  Feb.  2,  1842  ;  learned  printing  in 
Rockville,  Conn.,  ]858-'61  ;  initiated  into 
Hartford  Union  in  1861  ;  New  York 
Union,  No.  6,  in  1 866  ;  Providence  Union 
by  card  Dec.  9,  1871  ;  took  a  withdrawal 
card  from  No.  33  July  9,  1872;  founded 
the  Woonsocket  Evening  Reporter  Oct. 
1,  187  3,  and  continued  with  that  paper 
until  the  fall  of  1897;  started  the  Paw- 
tucket  Sun  in  November,  1897,  and  the 
Woonsocket  Sun  Jan.  1,  1899.  These 
last  two  papers  had  but  a  brief  exist- 
ence. Mr.  Pease  was  made  an  honorary 
member  of  Woonsocket  Union  upon  its 
organization.  His  chief  distinction  will 
be  that  witliout  capital  he  started  and 
conducted  to  success  the  Evening  Re- 
porter, in  Woonsocket,  in  opposition  to 
the   long-established  weekly  Patriot. 

WILLIAM  M.  PECKHAM — Born  Peter- 
sliam,  Mass.,  Feb.  2,  1846  ;  learned  print- 
ing at  Barre,  Mass.,  beginning  April, 
1860;  worked  in  Providence  on  the  Jour- 
nal 1866-'67  ;  joined  Providence  Union 
Aug.  10,  1867;  worked  9l^  years  on 
Pawtucket  Chronicle.  10i/4  years  at  E.  Ij. 
Freeman's,  Central  Falls;  18  years  Over- 
seer of  the  Poor  of  Pawtucket  and  at 
present  holds  tliat  position. 

DAVID  N.  PENDERGAST  —  Initiated 
into  Providence  Union  Dec.  31,  1899  : 
learned  printing  in  Newport,  R.  I. 

EDGAR  A.  PERKINS  —  Initiated  into 
Piovidence  LTnion  Sept.  14,  1872,  and 
continued  a  member  until  1878,  when  the 
charter  was  surrendered.  He  was  again 
initiated  May  17,   1888.     He  is  dead. 

HOWARD  R.  PERRY  —  Born  Provi- 
dence, R.  I.,  in  1868;  learned  printing  at 
East  Greenwicli  ;  came  to  Providence  in 
1892,  from  Taunton;  worked  on  News, 
Telegram  and  Tribune  ;  now  employed  on 
the  Saratogian,  Saratoga,  N.  Y.  ;  was  ini- 
tiated into  No.  33  Dec.  27,  1896. 

GEORGE  HENRY  PETTIS  —  Born 
Pawtucket,  R.  I.,  March  17,  1834.  At  the 
age  of  12  years  he  began  to  learn  print- 
ing in  the  office  of  the  Advertiser,  a 
weekly  newspaper  published  at  Cohoes, 
N.  Y.  In  August,  1849,  he  removed  to 
Providence,  wliere  he  followed  tlie  occu- 
pation of  printer  until  May,  ]S.')4,  being 
emploved  most  of  tlie  time  on  ilie  Morn- 
ing Mirror,  wiien  he  went  to  California, 
.irrlving   at    San    I'''ran(isc((    nn    June    17    ol' 


that  year  on  the  steamer  Brother  Jona- 
than via  Nicaragua.  He  engaged  at  min- 
ing in  the  vicinity  of  Carrote,  Tuolumne 
county,  from  June.  1S.t4,  until  May,  1858, 
wlien  he  returned  to  San  Francisco.  He 
resumed  his  occupation  as  a  printer,  and 
vv'as  employed  upon  tlie  Alta  California. 
Morning  Call  and  Herald.  He  al.so,  at 
one  time,  held  a  situation  upon  the  Stock- 
ton Argus  and  was  for  a  time  employed 
at  Sacramento.  When  Pi-esident  Lincoln 
made  a  call  upon  California  for  volun- 
teers he  entered  the  military  service  of 
the  United  States  as  second  lieutenant, 
Co.  B,  1st  California  Inf.  ;  promoted  to 
first  lieutenant.  Co.  K.  same  regiment. 
Jan.  1,  1862,  commanding  the  company 
nearly  all  of  the  time  until  mustered  out 
on  Feb.  15,  1865,  when  he  was  immedi- 
ately mustered  into  the  service  again  as 
first  lieutenant,  Co.  F,  1st  New  Mexico 
Inf.  He  commanded  Co.  F  until  pro- 
moted to  adjutant  of  the  regiment.  June 
1,  1865,  and  was  finally  mustered  out 
Sept.  1,  1866,  having  served  continuously 
five  years  and  fifteen  days.  He  was  in  a 
number  of  skirmishes  with  the  Apache 
and  Navajo  Indians ;  brevetted  captain. 
U.  S.  Vols.,  March  13,  1865,  "for  distin- 
guished gallantry  in  the  engagenhent  at 
the  Adobe  Walls,  Texas,  with  the  Com- 
manche  and  Kiowa  Indians,"  Nov.  25, 
1864,  in  which  he  commanded  the  artil- 
lery. In  November.  1868,  he  removed 
from  New  Mexico  to  this  city.  He  was  a 
member  of  the  Common  Council  from  the 
Ninth  Ward  from  June,  1872,  to  January. 
1876,  and  a  member  of  the  Rhode  Island 
House  of  Representatives  in  1876  and 
1877  ;  was  boarding  officer  of  the  port  of 
Providence  from  1878  to  1885  ;  was  marine 
editor  of  the  Providence  Journal  from 
1885  to  1887  ;  was  sealer  of  weights  and 
measures  and  superintendent  of  street 
signs  and  numbers  at  Pro\  idence,  R.  I., 
from  March,  1890,  to  1897;  was  ap- 
pointed state  sealer  of  weights,  meas- 
ures and  balances  Jan.  31,  1901,  which 
position  he  now  holds.  Mr.  Pettis  is  a 
member  of  the  G.  A.  R.,  Military  Order 
of  the  Loyal  Legion,  R.  I.  Soldiers  and 
Sailors'  Historical  Society,  U.  S.  Veteran 
Association  and  Society  of  California  Pio- 
neers of  New  England. 

GEORGE  H.  PETTIS,  JR.  (son  of 
George  H.  Pettis) — Born  San  Francisco, 
Cai.,  June  30,  1860;  learned  printing  at 
H.ammond,  Angell  &  Co.'s,  beginning  in 
1876;  worked  at  Whittier,  Cal.,  in  1905, 
and  was  a  mcml)er  of  Los  .Angeles  Union  ; 
now  employeil  in  San  I-'rancisco,  Cal. 

EDWIN  PHARK  (son  of  Henry  Phare) 
— Died  Providence  Oct.  20,  1896,  in  his 
40th  year;  learned  prititing  in  the  Jour- 
nal office  ;  admitted  to  Providence  Union 
by  card  April   26,   1896. 

HENRV  PHARE  (Dummy)  — Died 
I'rovidence  June  24,  1881  ;  in  1849  and  for 
many  years  later  he  was  employed  on 
the  Journal  ;  initiated  into  Provhlenii- 
I'nion   .\pril    IS.    1S57. 


THE  JOURNEYMEN 


LXIX 


JAMES  P.  PHELAN — Admitted  by  card 
to  Providence  Union  Janviary,  1885  ;  died 
Boston,  Mass.,  Jan.  23,  1888,  and  buried 
in  printers'  lot  there. 

LOUIS  G.  PHILLIPS  — Born  Jersey 
City,  N.  J.,  Nov.  29,  1862;  died  Central 
Falls,  R.  I.,  June  16,  1902,  from  paralysis; 
learned  printing  in  Providence,  in  the 
offices  of  the  Evening  Press  and  Tele- 
gram, and  worked  at  the  business  in  this 
city  until  1891.  when  he  went  to  Central 
Falls  and  embarked  in  the  undertaking 
business  and  carried  it  on  successfully 
until  his  death ;  initiated  into  Providence 
Union   Aug.    27,    1884. 

THOMAS  H.  PHILLIPS  (brother  of 
Louis  G.  Phillips)  — Born  Jersey  City, 
N.  J.,  Aug.  15,  1865  ;  learned  printing  in 
the  office  of  the  Providence  Evening 
Pres^.  beginning  in  1882  ;  worked  in 
Providence  until  1890,  when  he  removed 
to  Pawtucket  and  worked  at  E.  L.  Free- 
man &  Son's,  Central  Falls,  until  the 
eight-hour  struggle  in  1906  ;  initiated  into 
Providence  Union  March  29,  1885  ;  Presi- 
dent Pawtucket  Union  1893-'94;  Vice 
President  R.  I.  State  Federation  of  Labor 
1907  ;  now  employed  on  Bulletin. 

L.  O.  PHINNEY  —  Died  Rochester, 
N.  Y.,  Sept.  12,  1905,  aged  67  years;  born 
Syracuse,  N.  T.,  and  joined  the  Union 
there  in  1853  ;  he  worked  in  many  of  the 
eastern  cities,  visiting  Providence  in  1864, 
when  he  was  admitted  to  No.  33  on  June 
11.  In  the  Civil  war  he  served  in  Co.  A, 
1st   N.   Y.  Mounted  Rifles. 

ORANGE  M.  PICKETT  —  Born  New 
Haven,  Conn.,  Dec.  14,  1847  ;  learned 
printing  in  office  of  Journal  and  Courier, 
New  Haven,  beginning  Dec.  14.  1863  ; 
initiated  into  New  Haven  Union  in  1867  ; 
admitted  to  Providence  Union  by  card 
Dec.  11,  1869  ;  worked  in  this  city  about 
six  months  on  the  Morning  Herald  ;  dele- 
gate from  New  Haven  to  I.  T.  U.  in 
1873  ;  now  employed  on  the  Boston  Globe. 

ROBERT  A.  PIERCE  —  Died  Boston 
July  17,  1900.  He  was  working  at  print- 
ing in  Providence  as  early  as  1854,  and 
was  a  charter  member  of  No.  33  in  1857. 
In  the  constitution  of  that  year  his  name 
appears  in  the  list  of  past  officers  as  the 
first  President  of  the  society. 

ED-WARD  LESLIE  PIKE  —  Born  St. 
John's,  N.  F.,  Sept.  23,  1847;  learned 
printing  in  a  job  office  in  Boston,  begin- 
ning in  1865  ;  came  to  Providence  in 
1880;  worked  on  Journal,  Telegram, 
Morning  Star,  Evening  Press,  Sunday 
Dispatch,  Journal  of  Commerce,  Visitor 
and  at  Reid's  ;  was  active  in  the  reorgani- 
zation of  the  Union  in  1883  and  was  its 
«  first  financial  secretary  ;  participated  in 
the  effort  for  the  eiglit-hour  day  in  1906; 
now  employed  at  Providence  Printing  Co.. 
setting  type  for  "Printers  and  Printing 
in  Providence." 


ALONZO  E.  PITMAN — Born  Newport, 
R.  I.,  Jan.  3,  1865  ;  learned  printing  on 
Newport  Mercury,  beginning  in  1881;  ini- 
tiated into  Providence  Union  June  27, 
18S6  ;  worked  at  Johnson's  and  Reid's 
and  on  the  Morning  Star,  Telegram  and 
Dispatch ;  at  E.  L.  Freeman's,  Central 
Falls ;  Times,  Pawtucket ;  Newport  Her- 
ald since  1892. 

ANDREW  J.  PITMAN — Died  Newport, 
R.  I..  March  21,  1884  ;  learned  printing  in 
the  office  of  the  Newport  Daily  News ; 
initiated  into  Providence  Union  Dec.  9, 
1871  ;  worked  in  many  cities  in  the  West 
and  returned  to  Providence  a  few  years 
before  his  death  ;  his  card  was  deposited 
in  No.  33  April  22,  1883,  for  the  last  time. 

JEROME  P.  PLUMMER  —  Born  Law- 
rence, Mass.,  July  10,  1860  ;  learned 
stereotyping  on  the  Providence  Journal, 
beginning  in  1881,  and  has  worked  there 
since  ;  he  is  now  night  foreman  of  stereo- 
type room  ;  admitted  to  membership  in 
No.   33  May  29,   1887. 

ALFRED  POLIQUIN  —  Born  Levis, 
P.  Q..  Canada,  in  1864  ;  learned  printing 
in  the  office  of  the  Pawtucket  Chronicle  ; 
initiated  into  Providence  Union  June  27, 
1901. 

P.  P.  POMEROY — Elected  an  honorary 
member  of  Providence  Union  in  January. 
1884.  Tlie  next  year  he  removed  to  St. 
Paul,  Minn. 

ORRIN  SCOTT  POND — Born  Foxboro, 
Mass.,  in  1836;  died  there  Feb.  5,  1886. 
His  name  appears  on  the  pay  roll  of  the 
Providence  Journal  for  the  week  ending 
Aug.  13,  1853  ;  then  he  worked  on  the 
Daily  Post  and  later  on  the  Evening 
Press,  and  again  on  the  Journal.  He 
left  this  city  for  a  time  and  was  fore- 
man of  the  Worcester  Press,  but  returned 
to  the  Journal  office,  where  his  last  work 
at  printing  was  performed.  He  was  a 
charter  member  of  Providence  Union  in 
1857.  In  the  Civil  war  he  served  in  the 
nth  R.  I.  Vols. 

JOHN  H.  PORTHOUSE — Born  England 
in  1847  ;  learned  printing  in  Journal  job 
office.  Providence,  beginning  in  1864  ;  ini- 
tiated into  Providence  Union  Dec.  11, 
1869  ;  worked  for  George  H.  Whitney,  this 
city,  and  for  Mudge  &  Sons,  Boston  ;  re- 
turned to  Providence  after  a  few  months 
and  worked  for  Pierce  &  Budlong ;  in 
1875,  with  O.  A.  Carleton,  purchased  the 
Franklin  Printing  Office  (formerly  Pierce 
&  Budlong)  and  started  the  What  Cheer 
Printing  Co.;  firm  dissolved  in  1880;  at 
present  (1904)  "John  H.  Porthouse,  Com- 
mercial Printer,  No.  668  Baltic  Street. 
Brooklyn,  N.  Y."  Organized  the  first  flute 
and  drum  corps  in  Rhode  Island  (1873) 
and  was  drum  major  (the  first  one  they 
had)  of  the  United  Train  of  Artillery,  to 
which  the  flute  and  drum  corps  was  at- 
tached. He  served  from  1861  to  1864  in 
the  3d  R.  I.  Heavy  Artillery. 


LXX 


PRINTERS  AND  PRINTING  IN  PROVIDENCE 


HARRY  B.  POTTER — Born  Reading, 
Mass.,  June  26,  1882;  began  to  learn 
printing  in  Wakefield,  Mass.,  in  1897  ; 
admitted  to  Providence  Union  by  card  in 
April,  1906  ;  participated  in  eight-hour 
strike,  1906;  linotype  operator;  located  in 
Boston  in  1907. 

HENRY  W.  POTTER — Born  Cranston 
July  8,  1856;  learned  the  printing  trade 
in  the  office  of  the  Evening  Press  in  this 
city,  beginning  Oct.  4,  1873;  was  admit- 
ted to  the  Union  in  1876  and  again  July 
5,  1885  ;  has  worked  at  the  business  in 
Westerly,  Pawtucket  and  Phenix,  in  this 
State,  and  at  the  Norwood  Press  in  Mas- 
sachusetts ;  participated  in  eight-hour 
strike  in  1906  ;  is  at  present  located  in 
Providence. 

S.  FRANK  POTTER  —  Born  April  12, 
1863,  on  the  whaling  ship  Illinois  of  New 
Bedford,  Mass.,  while  the  vessel  was 
cruising  off  the  coast  of  New  Zealand ; 
learned  printing  in  Norwich,  Conn.  ;  initi- 
ated into  Providence  Union  Nov.  12,  1884  ; 
worked  on  the  Journal  and  later  removed 
to  Brooklyn,  N.  Y.,  where  he  died. 

STEPHEN  B.  POTTER — -Worked  on 
Journal  in  1856-'57  ;  was  member  of 
Providence  Union  previous  to  April  18. 
1857  ;  foreman  of  Evening  Press  book  and 
job  office  in  1862;  admitted  to  St.  Louis 
Union  in  1864. 

JOHN  A.  POWERS — Born  Providence 
Feb.  6,  1887  ;  learned  printing  on  Evening 
Bulletin,  beginning  in  1903  ;  initiated  into 
Providence  Union  as  an  apprentice  mem- 
ber January,  1906  ;  now  copy  cutter  on 
Evening  Bulletin. 

JOHN  H.  POWERS  —  Died  at  St. 
Mary's  Hospital,  Brooklyn,  N.  Y.,  May 
28,  1904.  He  was  born  in  Nova  Scotia 
in  1854  and  after  learning  printing  came 
to  Providence,  depositing  his  card  in  No. 
33  Aug.  10,  1872;  later  he  went  to  New 
York  city,  where  he  worked  at  his  trade 
on  the  Mercury,  Shoe  and  Leather  Re- 
porter and  at  Tyrrell's  on  Fulton  street. 
He  wa.s  buried  in  Holy  Cross  Cemetery. 

WILLIAM  A.  PRATT — Born  Apalachi- 
cola,  Fla.,  Nov.  22,  1867;  learned  printing 
in  Palatka,  Fla.,  beginning  in  1877; 
worked  on  Providence  Journal  in  1887 
and  applied  for  membership  in  No.  33  in 
that  year,  but  left  the  city  before  it  was 
acted  upon  ;  is  now  member  of  Washing- 
ton Typographical  Union,  No.  101,  ami 
employed    in    Government    Printing   Office. 

JOHN  P.  PURCELL  (Brockey) — Born 
Hudson,  N.  Y.,  March  17,  1859  ;  died  at 
the  Union  Printers'  Home,  Colorado 
Springs,  Col.,  Oct.  28,  1901,  having  been 
admitted  from  Newark,  N.  J.  ;  learned 
printing  in  Iliidson,  N.  Y.,  and  Milwau- 
kee, Wis.  ;  was  admitted  to  f-'i'ovidencc 
Union  by  card  at  tlie  May  meeting,  1888; 
had  travelled  extensively  in  the  United 
States. 


Initiated  Into  Providence   Union  oti  Dates 
Named : 

FRANK  H.  PARKER,  Oct.  30,  1892; 
Januarv,    1899. 

CHARLES  A.   PEABODY,  Nov.  9,   1872. 

JAMES  PHILLIPS,  Dec.   18,   1892. 

DANA   W.   PHIPPS,   Feb.    28,    1892. 

ARTHUR    K.    PIERCE.    July    27,    1890. 

LELAND  H.  PLAISTED,  Aug.   13.  1864. 

FRED   POLOQUIN,   April    29,    1888. 

EDWARD  PORTER.   Jan.   31,   1892. 

BARNARD  M.  PRESCOTT,  Sept.  11, 
1869. 

NELSON  PURNELL.  June  26,  1892; 
also  by  card  July  30,   1893. 

Admitted   by   Card   on   Dates   Named: 

B.  F.   PAGE,   July   13,    1872. 
BURTON  S.  PALMER,  September,  1883. 
ROBERT  PARRY.  March,  1885. 
GEORGE  FERRYMAN.  July  13,  1872. 
A.  S.  PETERSON,   December,   1888. 

C.  F.  PHILLIPS,  Nov.   12,  1884. 
A.  H.  PIERCE.  April  23,  1892. 
FRANK  A.  PIKE.  July,  1887. 
ISAAC  D.  PORTER.  May  14,   1870 
JAMES  POWERS,  March,  1885. 

J.  PULLEN,  May  31,  1891. 

Names  Found  in  Directory : 

HARRISON  G.  O.  PARKS— 182  8  anil 
1830. 

MATTHEW  S.  PATTERSON — 1850  to 
1855.     Worked  at  15   Market  square. 

DAVID  S.  PEARCE — 1853  to  1856. 
Worked  at  15  Market  square  and  at  H. 
H.  Brown's. 

CYRUS  W.  PRATT — 1841  to  1844. 

HENRY  PRATT — 1830  to  1836. 

Printers   Knoivri    to    Have    Worked    Here: 

T.  PETERSON — ^1851  worked  on  Jour- 
nal. 

JOHN  W.  PATTON— ]891-'92  on  Eve- 
ning Telegram. 

EDWARD  QUTNN — Died  Boston.  Mass.. 
and  his  death  was  announced  by  J.  W. 
Douglass  of  that  city  in  the  1885  conven- 
tion of  the  I.  T.  U.  He  had  represented 
Worcester  Union  in  that  body  in  1876; 
initiated  into  Providence  Union  April  9, 
1870,  and  admitted  by  card  at  the  meet- 
ing of  April  8,  1883;  was  then  assistant 
foreman  of  the  Journal.  During  the  Civil 
war  he  served  in  a  Mass.achusetts  regi- 
ment. 

ROBERT  QUINN  (b) — Died  at  the  R. 
I.  Hospital  July  13,  1903,  a  few  minutes 
after  being  admitted  to  that  institution. 
He  had  probabh'  been  overtaken  b.\-  sick- 
ness in  the  office  of  the  Narragansett 
Printing  Co.  on  the  11th  (Saturday)  and 
liad  not  been  discovered  until  Monday.  At 
Ills  lodgings  directions  were  found  telling 
liow  to  (Miiumunic.itc  with  relatives  and 
witli  Hartford  lodge.  No.  SS.  A.  F.  and  A. 
M..  Haitford.  Conn.  He  had  been  a  well- 
known  printer,  brother  of  Edward  Quinn  ; 
had  been   forini.ui   of  the   Hartford  Times 


THE  JOURNEYMEN 


LXXI 


and  night  foreman  of  the  Providence 
Journal,  succeeding  E.  B.  Rose  in  that 
position ;  was  initiated  into  Providence 
Union  April  5,  1888. 

Initiated    Into    Providence    Typographical 
Union  on  Date  Named: 
GUSTAVUS  P.  QUIMBY,  Dec.  12,   1868. 

Ad^nitted  by  Card  on  Date  Named: 
M.  E.  QUINN,  Sept.   30,   1883  : 

Printers   Known    to    Have    Worked   Here: 
JAMES  QUINN — 1860   (Union  list). 
ROBERT  QUINN  (a) — Suicided  (Union 

list,   187 — ). 

FRANCIS  M.  RAFTERY — Born  Taun- 
ton, Mass.,  Nov.  9,  1872;  learned  print- 
ing in  the  office  of  Cashman  &  Keating, 
Boston,  Mass.  ;  worked  in  Providence 
since  1901,  and  was  admitted  to  the 
Union  Feb.  24  of  that  year;  now  em- 
ployed on  the  Tribune. 

EDWIN  F.  RANAGAN — Born  Somer- 
ville,  Mass.  ;  learned  printing  in  office 
of  Boston  Herald,  beginning  in  1886  ;  ad- 
mitted to  Providence  Union  by  card  Sep- 
tember, 1888;  worked  in  this  city  on  the 
Telegram  and  Dispatch  until  1889  ;  now 
employed  on  the  Boston  Globe. 

ALBERT  L.  RANDALL  —  Born  Ken- 
tucky in  1853  ;  learned  printing  in  the 
West ;  initiated  into  Providence  Union 
Dec.  27,  1885;  President  of  the  Unionin 
1889  ;  worked  on  the  Journal  while  in 
this  city ;  located  in  Washington,  D.  C, 
since   1889. 

CHARLES  W.  RANDALL — Born  Jef- 
fersonville,  Ind.,  Jan.  28,  1849  ;  learned 
printing  in  Cincinnati,  Ohio,  beginning  in 
1859,  wlien  about  nine  years  old;  initi- 
ated into  Providence  Union  April  15, 
1883  ;  worked  in  various  cities  of  the 
United  States  east  of  St.  Louis. 

GEORGE  S.  RAWCLIFFE  —  Born 
Wrentham,  Mass.,  June  30,  1860  ;  began 
to  learn  printing  in  Providence  in  1895 
and  worked  nine  years  at  the  business  ; 
established  the  Industrial  Printing  Co.  at 
18  College  street  during  the  winter  of 
1897-'98;  took  a  partner  in  August,  1903, 
and  added  a  gold  stamping  and  badge- 
making  department  ;  sold  his  interest  to 
George  H.  Brown  July  20,  1904  ;  was 
travelling  salesman  in  1904. 

JOHN  C.  READ  —  Died  Providence 
June  12,  1873,  in  the  24th  year  of  his 
age.  He  was  initiated  into  Providence 
Typographical  Union  Aug.  13,  1870.  His 
funeral  took  place  Sunday,  June  16,  and 
was  attended  to  the  Jefferson  Street 
Baptist  Church  by  an  escort  of  the  United 
Train  of  Artillery  of  40  men,  under  com- 
mand of  Col.  Oscar  Lapham.  A  large 
delegation  of  printers,  under  the  marshal- 
ship  of  John  H.  Porthouse,  joined  the 
funeral  procession  at  the  church.  Inter- 
ment was  at   North  Burial  Ground. 


ROBERT  NEWTON  READ  —  Born 
Lonsdale,  R.  I.,  July  4,  1860;  learned 
printing  at  John  F.  Greene's,  Canal  street, 
beginning  in  1879  ;  initiated  into  Provi- 
dence Union  April  24,  1887  ;  worked  at 
Snow  &  Farnham's,  Telegram  and  Jour- 
nal ;  with  Aldrich-Eldredge  Co.,  whole- 
sale grocers,  in  1904. 

JOHN  J.  REARDON  — Born  1876; 
learned  printing  on  the  Webster  (Mass.) 
Times,  beginning  in  1890;  initiated  into 
Providence  Union  Dec.  30,   1900. 

OSCAR  H.  REDMAN — Born  Wellend- 
port,  Ont.,  Canada,  July  24,  1878;  learned 
printing  with  Chronicle  Printing  Co.,  in 
Willimantic,  Conn.,  beginning  in  1894  ; 
joined  Pawtucket  Union  in  1901  ;  admit- 
ted by  card  to  Providence  Union  May 
28,  1905  ;  worked  on  the  Telegram,  Trib- 
une and  Evening  Bulletin  until  incapaci- 
tated by  sickness  in  1907  ;  now  located  in 
Willimantic,  Conn. 

C.  F.  REED — Born  1869  ;  learned  print- 
ing in  office  of  Reed  &  Stickney,  Wal- 
tham,  Mass.,  beginning  in  1895  ;  worked 
in  North  Attleboro,  Mass.  ;  initiated  into 
Providence  Union  Nov.   29,   1903. 

L.  FRANCIS  REENEY— Born  Lowell, 
Mass.,  May  10,  1874  ;  learned  printing 
trade  in  office  of  Providence  Telegram, 
beginning  in  1890  ;  initiated  into  Provi- 
dence Typographical  Union  Feb.  25,  1900  ; 
now  employed  on  the  Evening  Bulletin. 

NICHOLAS  W.  REES — Born  Pembroke 
Dock,  South  Wales,  Great  Britain,  in 
1865;  began  to  learn  printing  in  1882,  at 
J.  A.  &  R.  A.  Reid's  ;  has  worked  in 
Providence  since,  at  Angell  &  Co.'s  and 
What  Cheer  Print ;  initiated  into  Provi- 
dence Union  Nov.  28,  1886  ;  held  the 
offices  of  Vice  President,  treasurer  and 
recording  secretary  in  that  organization 
and  was  delegate  to  the  N.  E.  Typo- 
graphical Union  and  Allied  Trades'  con- 
vention at  New  Bedford  in  1895  ;  now 
emploj^ed  at  the  post  office  as  letter 
carrier. 

JAMES  ALLAN  REID  —  Born  Provi- 
dence Jan.  5,  184  8  ;  began  to  learn  print- 
ing in  September,  1861,  in  the  office  of 
the  Bristol  Phoenix  and  finished  his  ap- 
prenticeship in  Providence  with  A.  Craw- 
ford Greene  ;  initiated  into  Providence 
LTnion  Dec.  9,  1865  ;  worked  as  a  jour- 
neyman in  this  city,  Hartford  and  New 
York ;  was  senior  member  of  the  print- 
ing firm  of  J.  A.  &  R.  A.  Reid,  estab- 
lished in  this  city  in  1874  and  continued 
until  1894.  There  is  no  record  of  a  labor 
dispute  occurring  in  that  office.  Mr. 
Reid's   present   home   is   in   St.    Louis,    Mo. 

ROBERT  ALLAN  REID — Born  Provi- 
dence May  5,  1851  ;  learned  printing  at 
Hammond,  Angell  &  Co.'s,  beginning  in 
1867  '  initiated  into  Providence  Union  Feb. 
11,  1871;  junior  member  of  firm  of  J.  A. 
&  R.  A.  Reid  for  19  yeai-s  ;  also  worked 
in    Chicago    and    Philadelphia.      Since    the 


LXXII 


PRINTERS  AND  PRINTING  IN  PROVIDENCE 


dissolution  of  the  Reid  partnersliip  he 
has  resided  in  Boston,  and  1ms  continued 
in   the   publishing  business. 

JAMES  RBVENS — Born  parish  of  Tal- 
low, county  Waterford,  Ireland,  in  1840; 
initiated    into    Providence    Union    Aug.    14, 

1869,  and  worked  at  printing  in  this  city 
in  the  Evening  Press  job  oflice,  at  A. 
Crawford  Greene's  and  on  the  Evening 
Telegram  ;  he  also  worked  at  the  business 
in  Boston;  he  died  here  July  17,   1893. 

CHARLES  W.  REX  FORD — Was  initi- 
ated into  Providence  Union  June  13,  1863  ; 
he  served  in  Co.  G,  15th  U.  S.  Inf.,  in 
1865,  and  was  discharged  for  disability 
at  Lookout  Mountain,  Tennessee. 

CLARENCE  N.  REYNOLDS  —  Born 
Troy,  N.  Y.,  Dec.  3,  1859;  learned  print- 
ing in  New  Lebanon,  N.  Y.,  in  office  of 
Samuel  J  Tilden  ;  was  initiated  into  Provi- 
dence Union  Oct.  25,  1903,  and  worked  in 
this  city  for  a  short  time  ;  located  in 
Boston  in  1906. 

MILTON  M.  REYNOLDS — Born  Davis- 
ville,  R.  I.,  April  19,  1851  ;  began  work- 
ing   at    printing    in    Providence    April    1, 

1870,  in  the  office  of  Marcus  B.  Young, 
then  located  at  33  Westminster  street. 
The  same  year  his  father  (A.  S.  Rey- . 
nolds)  purchased  the  business.  In  1871, 
because  of  ill-health,  the  latter  gave  the 
plant  to  his  son  and  George  F.  Mackin- 
non.  Changes  in  the  building  caused  the 
removal  of  the  office  to  Harkness  court. 
In  October,  1873,  Peter  J.  Trumpler  en- 
tered the  partnership,  making  it  Rey- 
nolds, Mackinnon  &  Trumpler,  and  the 
Office  was  again  moved,  this  time  to  9 
Calendar  street.  Here  the  firm  printed 
the  "Christian  Union"  for  a  man  named 
Nickerson,  and  the  "Daily  Chronicle"  for 
James  Hanrahan.  In  1875  another  mov- 
ing carried  the  office  to  Washington  row, 
where  the  Journal  office  formerly  had 
been.  Here  the  Sunday  Dispatch,  the 
first  Sunday  newspaper  published  in 
Providence,  was  printed  in  its  most  pros- 
perous days.  In  187  8  the  office  reverted 
to  Mr.  M.  M.  Reynolds,  wlio  moved  it 
to  East  Greenwich  and  continued  to  con- 
duct it  there  until  February,  1884,  when 
it  pas.sed  into  other  hands.  Mr.  Reynolds 
took  up  his  residence  in  Davisville  and 
for  a  time  was  interested  in  woolen  manu- 
facturing tliere.  He  is  now  in  ijusiness 
in    I'rovidence,    but    resides    in    Davisville. 

PHILIP  RICHARDS — Born  Montreal, 
Canada ;  learned  printing  in  Fall  River 
Mass.  ;  admitted  to  Providence  Union  by 
card  Api-il,  1900,  and  worked  in  this  city 
on  the  Journal  and  News  until  summer  of 
1904,  wlien  he  went  to  Montreal  in  search 
of  health. 

HERBERT  SIOLLEIl  RICHARDSON— 
Born  Leeds,  England,  April  10,  1872; 
learned  printing  in  offices  of  A.  Sutcliffe 
Co.,  Henry  Doyle  and  V.  V.  Sibley  &  Co., 
Pawtucket  ;    worked    in     r'ro\idence    shice 


1901 ;  was  admitted  to  the  Union  by  card 
May  25,  1902;  now  employed  at  Frank- 
lin Press  Co. 

JOHN  W.  RILEY — Born  England  July 
5,  1875;  learned  printing  with  J.  A.  & 
R.  A.  Reid  in  Providence,  and  worked  in 
that  office  and  at  E.  A.  Johnson's  from 
1892  to  1900;  now  located  in  New  York 
city. 

STEPHEN  J.  RILEY — Born  Provi- 
dence Sept.  17,  1870;  learned  printing  in 
office  of  Whittemore  &  Coltaurn,  begin- 
ning in  1885;  initiated  into  Providence 
Union  ;  worked  in  Central  Falls  at  E.  L. 
Freeman's  and  in  this  city  on  the  Jour- 
nal ;  now  employed  on  Evening  Tribune 
as  linotype  operator. 

WILLIAM  H.  RINGWOOD — Born  Chat- 
ham, N.  Y.,  June  21,  1874;  learned  print- 
ing in  office  of  Chatham  Republican,  be- 
ginning in  1890;  initiated  into  Albany 
(N.  Y.)  Union  in  1895;  joined  Providence 
Union  by  card  June  26,  1904  ;  was  em- 
ployed at  Snow  &  Farnham's. 

THOMAS  EDWARD  RITCHIE — Born 
South  Andover,  Mass.,  Aug.  26,  1873; 
learned  printing  with  Angell  &  Co.,  this 
city,  beginning  in  1885  ;  initiated  into 
Providence  Union  April  5,  1888;  at  the 
latter  date  the  owners  of  the  Morning 
Dispatch  had  acquired  the  business  of 
Angell  &  Co.  and  were  issuing  the  paper 
from  No.  5  Washington  row.  In  1890  Mr. 
Ritchie  enlisted  in  the  U.  S.  Army.  His 
regiment,  the  18th  Infantry,  was  sta- 
tioned at  Fort  Clark,  Te.\as.  During  the 
winter  of  1891  his  company  was  as- 
signed the  duty  of  breaking  up  a  noto- 
rious gang  of  cattle  thieves,  located  on 
the  Rio  Grande.  After  being  honorably 
discharged  from  the  18th  Infantry  lie 
enlisted  with  the  1st  H.  A.,  stationed  at 
Fort  Barrancas,  Fla.,  wliere  he  served 
his  term  as  a  bugler.  He  served  thiough- 
out  the  entire  Spanish-American  war  and 
was  in  the  battles  that  took  place  fit 
Guantonamo,  Cuba.  In  1899  Mr.  Ritchie 
returned  to  printing  and  has  since  worked 
in  Newport  on  tlie  llorald.  in  Attleboro 
on  the  Sun  and  on  the  Providence  Eve- 
ning Tribiuie. 

CARL  CONRAD  ROBB— Born  Copen- 
liagen,  Denmai'k,  June  11,  1865;  learned 
Iirinting  in  that  city  and  has  worked  at 
the  business  in  16  of  tlie  principal  cities 
of  Europe,  viz.  :  C^ipenhagen,  Clu-istiania, 
Stockholm,  Hamburg,  Berlin.  Diesden. 
Leipzic,  Frank  fort-on-t  he-Ma  in.  Antwerp, 
Zurich,  Vienna,  St.  Petersburg,  Paris, 
Aberdeen  and  London  ;  admitted  by  card 
to  Providence  Union  Jan.  2  7,  1901  ; 
worked  on  the  Evening  Bulletin  for  sev- 
eral years  ;   now   a   master  printer 

HARRY  WOUH^TT  ROHIUNS— Born 
Versliire,  N't,  Jan  31,  1S83;  learned  print- 
ing at  Ballston  Spa,  N  Y.,  beginning  in 
1897;  was  student  at  Brown  University 
and  also  worked  in  Providence  in  1906- 
'07  ;  now  at  Saratoga  Springs.  N.  Y. 


THE  JOURNEYMEN 


LXXIII 


ALEXANDER  MARSHALL  ROBERT- 
SON— Born  Fall  River,  Mass.,  June  5, 
1836  ;  served  a  five-year  apprenticeship 
in  the  office  of  the  Fall  River  Monitor,  of 
which  Henry  Pratt  was  proprietor,  be- 
ginning July  14,  1850  ;  commenced  work 
in  Providence  in  July,  18.56,  "in  the  job 
and  book  office  of  Knowles,  Anthony  & 
Co.,  located  in  the  Washington  building, 
on  Washington  row,  on  the  floor  above 
that  occupied  by  the  Journal  newspaper, 
to  which  establishment  it  had  formerly 
wholly  belonged,  but  then  only  partially." 
Since  then  he  has  worked  in  most  of  the 
book  and  job  offices  of  the  city,  and  for 
a  number  of  years  on  the  Evening  Bul- 
letin. Mr.  Robertson  is  an  1857  charter 
member  of  Providence  Typographical 
Union,  was  Vice  President  in  1869  and 
President  in  1877  and  1878.  He  has  been 
a  resident  of  Lakewood,  R.  I.,  for  a  num- 
ber of  years. 

GEORGE  ROBERTSON — Born  Smith- 
field,  R.  I.,  July  10,  1828,  and  died  of 
softening  of  the  brain  in  a  Worcester 
insane  asylum  Aug.  16,  1888  ;  he  began 
to  learn  printing  in  1812  in  the  office  of 
the  Fall  River  Monitor  (Tripp  &  Pratt)  ; 
was  initiated  into  Providence  Union  Aug. 
10,  1867  ;  worked  on  the  Worcester  Spy, 
Woonsocket  Patriot,  New  Bedford  Stand- 
ard and  Fall  River  News.  In  1859  he 
started  the  Fall  River  Journal,  a  weekly 
paper,  issued  "simultaneously  in  Rhode 
Island  and  Massachusetts,"  and  in  187  8 
the  New  Bedford  Signal,  which  he  con- 
tinued until  his  health  failed.  He  was 
brother  of  Wm.  S.  Robertson,  publisher 
of  the  Fall  River  Monitor,  and  of  A.  M. 
Robertson   of  Lakewood. 

J.  W.  ROBERTSON  (Cigarette  Bill)  — 
Born  San  Francisco  Oct.  25  ,1855  ;  learned 
printing  at  Harper  Bros.,  New  York,  be- 
ginning in  1868;  worked  in  Boston  and 
New  York  for  many  years  ;  admitted  by 
card   to   Providence   Union   June   26,    1904. 

CHARLES  H.  ROBINSON  —  Born 
Greenville,  O.,  Aug.  25,  1858  ;  learned 
printing  in  Washington,  D.  C,  beginning 
in  1875  ;  admitted  to  Providence  Union 
by  card  at  the  June  meeting,  1888,  and 
worked  in  this  city  during  that  summer  ; 
now  located  in  New  York  city,  holding 
card  2632,  and  is  a  member  of  St.  John's 
M.  E.   Church 

GEORGE  W.  ROBINSON  —  Born 
Waterford,  Ireland,  April  26,  1865  ;  ap- 
prenticed Sept.  3,  1877,  in  Waterford; 
initiated  in  1884  into  Society  of  Com- 
positors of  Dublin,  Ireland  ;  worked  in 
Providence  in  1891  for  a  month,  and 
again  in  1905  at  Livermore  &  Knight's  ; 
admitted  to  Providence  Union  at  August 
meeting,  1905  ;  worked  in  various  Boston 
and  Brockton  offices  previous  to  1905. 

NELSON  J.  RODGBRS — Born  Balti- 
more, Md.,  Oct.  19,  1860  ;  learned  print- 
ing in  Baltimore,   beginning  in   1876  ;   ad- 


mitted by  card  to  Providence  Union  July, 
1886;  worked  on  Journal;  now  employed 
on  Boston  Globe. 

JOHN  ROGERS— Born  Glasgow,  Scot- 
land, June  17,  1857  ;  learned  printing  in 
office  of  Eastern  Chronicle,  published  at 
New  Glasgow,  Nova  Scotia ;  came  to 
Providence  in  1875  and  began  work  on 
the  Journal  ;  has  since  worked  on  Tele- 
gram, Star  and  Press  and  in  most  of  the 
job  and  book  offices  of  the  city  ;  initiated 
into  No.  33  April  15,  1883. 

CHARLES  ROLFE — Born  England  in 
1841  ;  he  learned  printing  in  that  coun- 
try ;  came  to  Providence  in  the  summer 
of  1871,  depositing  in  No.  33  Aug.  12  of 
that  year  a  travelling  card  from  the 
London  Society  of  Compositors,  and  began 
work  on  the  Star  and  Press  ;  he  also 
occasionally  worked  on  the  Herald,  and 
in  the  fall  accepted  a  regular  situation 
on  the  Journal,  which  he  retained  until 
March,  1872,  when  he  went  to  the  Boston 
Globe,  under  the  foremanship  of  Robert 
P.  Boss.  Mr.  Rolfe  has  been  viith  the 
Globe  ever  since  and  is  now  its  night 
foreman, 

EDWARD  P.  ROLLINS  —  Died  Hart- 
ford, Conn.,  Feb.  19,  1903,  aged  62  years. 
He  was  initiated  into  Providence  Union 
Sept.  11,  1869,  and  his  card  was  received 
at  the  first  meeting  of  the  reorganized 
Union,  April  8,  1883;  had  worked  in  manj- 
cities  of  the  United  States ;  was  Presi- 
dent of  Columbus  (Ohio)  Union,  No.  5. 
Burial  was  in  the  printers'  lot  at  Hartford. 

HUGH  ROONEY — Died  Hartford,  Conn.  ; 
he  was  admitted  by  card  to  Providence 
Union  at  the  November  meeting,  1886. 

ALFRED  J.  ROSE  (son  of  E.  B.  Rose) 
— Born  Providence  in  1869;  after  gradu- 
ating from  high  school  he  began  work  in 
the  proofroom  of  the  Journal  in  1888,  and 
later  learned  to  operate  a  linotype  ;  joined 
No.  33  June  30,  1895  ;  in  1907  he  estab- 
lished a  jobbing  business  in  jewelry  which 
has  been  successful. 

EDWARD  B.  ROSE — Born  East  Green- 
wich, R.  I.,  in  184  2  ;  he  attended  the  pub- 
lic schools  in  Bristol  and  began  to  learn 
printing  in  the  office  of  the  Phoenix  of 
that  town  in  1857  ;  on  becoming  a  jour- 
neyman he  worked  in  Fall  River,  Mass.. 
on  the  News  ;  in  Dover,  N.  H.,  on  the 
Gazette,  and  in  Providence  on  the  Post 
and  Evening  Press,  joining  No.  33  Jan. 
11,  1862.  In  1863  he  enlisted  in  the  navy 
and  was  appointed  hospital  steward  on 
the  sloop-of-war  Vandalia ;  he  resigned 
in  1864,  shipped  again  as  landsman,  was 
promoted  to  doctor's  steward,  and  served 
until  July  11,  1865.  He  then  returned  to 
the  printing  trade  and  Providence,  and 
became  foreman  of  the  Herald.  In  1872, 
when  the  Boston  Globe  was  started,  he 
accepted  the  position  of  assistant  fore- 
man on  that  paper.  Before  leaving  the 
Herald  he  was  presented  with  a  solid  gold 


LXXIV 


PRINTERS  AND  PRINTING  IN  PROVIDENCE 


chain  and  a  Masonic  keystone  witli  the 
Masonic  emblems  of  the  various  decrees 
he  liad  passed  throiigrh.  In  1S73  he  re- 
turned to  tlie  foremansliip  of  tlie  Herald, 
and  in  the  spring  of  that  year,  when  the 
paper  suspended,  he  went  to  the  Journal. 
In  three  weeks  he  was  made  assistant 
foreman  and  later  foreman,  holding  the 
latter  position  about  16  years.  In  1S89. 
on  account  of  sickness,  he  became  a  day 
assistant,  which  position  he  now  holds. 
In  the  34  years  of  his  work  on  the  Journal 
he  has  handled  nearly  all  the  advertise- 
ments that  have  been  published  in  that 
paper,  especially  the  "legals,"  and  with 
very  few  errors.  Mr.  Rose  is  an  honor- 
ary member  of  St.  John's  Lodge,  No.  1, 
A.  F.  and  A.  M..  of  Portsmouth,  N  H  ; 
Providence  Royal  Arch  Chapter  of  Ma- 
sons ;  Providence  Lodge,  K.  of  H.  ;  Cal- 
vary Commandery,  K.  T.  ;  Westminster 
Lodge  of  Odd  Fellows  ;  honorary  member 
of  Daughters  of  Rebekah  Lodge. 

LESTER  E.  ROSS — Was  admitted  by 
card  to  Providence  Union  July  9.  1870; 
he  was  publisher  of  the  Sun  in  1876,  when 
it  became  a  daily. 

ARTHUR  H.  ROSSALL  —  Born  Roch- 
dale, England,  May  8,  1870;  served  his 
apprenticeship  with  his  uncle,  John  R. 
Cort,  on  the  Webster  Weekly  Times  ;  af- 
terward worked  in  Southbridge  and  Attle- 
boro,  Mass.  ;  "made  up"  the  first  edition 
of  the  Attleboro  Daily  Sun  ;  initiated  into 
Providence  Union  Aug.  31.  1890.  and 
worked  in  this  city  on  the  Telegram  until 
the  lockout  on  that  paper  during  the  fore- 
manship  of  Clarke,  when  he  refused  to 
surrender  his  Union  card  as  the  price  of 
retaining  a  situation  ;  went  to  Boston  and 
held  cases  from  life  to  death  of  the  Bos- 
ton News.  In  1894  he  returned  to  Web- 
ster and  was  editor  of  the  Times  for  six 
years;  in  1890  returned  to  Boston  and 
worked  on  the  Journal,  where  he  learneej 
to  operate  the  linotype  ;  soon  after  he 
received  a  civil  service  appointment  for 
the  Government  Printing  Office  at  Wash- 
ington, where  he  is  now  located. 

CHARLES  J.  ROTHEMICH  —  Born 
Providence  in  18S0;  learned  ti-ade  of  lino- 
type machinist  on  Evening  Telegram,  be- 
ginning in  1S96;  initiated  into  Providence 
Union  Aug.  26,  1900;  at  present  employed 
on  the  News- Democrat. 

THOMAS  M.  ROUNDS— Died  Provi- 
dence April  22,  1892,  in  the  74th  year  of 
liis  age  ;  he  learned  printing  in  the  office 
of  Knowles  &  Vose,  and  was  a  journey- 
man on  the  Journal  in  184.5-'47.  Member 
of  Common  t'ouncil  of  the  city  of  Provi- 
dence from  the  Fourth  Ward  1867  to  1S69 
and  in  1876;  from  tlie  Sixtli  Ward  1877 
to  1882  and  1886  to  1888. 

ANGELO  RUFFO— Horn  .Naples,  Italy, 
April  13,  1864;  learne  1  luinting  in  New 
York  city,  beginning  in  ISiUI;  ijublisheii 
tlie  Hai-lcm  Couriei-,  an  Italian  weekly 
Iiaiici-.    in    New    Ydvh    Uiv    nine    years  ;    also 


in  the  same  city  L'Araldo  Italiano,  daily  ; 
worked  in  Providence  on  I'Bco  ;  admitted 
to  Providence  Union  in  January,  1906 ; 
now  a  master  printer  in  this  city. 

ANNA  RUSHLOW  (Miss) — Born  1877; 
learned  printing  at  Phillip  &  Casey's, 
Rouse's  Point,  N.  Y.,  beginning  irt  1891  ; 
initiated  into  Lowell  Union,  No.  310  ;  ad- 
mitted to  Providence  Union  by  card  Feb. 
7,   1904. 

THOMAS  RUSHTON — Born  Coventry, 
EIngland,  May  19,  1832.  When  a  boy  of 
9,  he  came  to  New  York  with  his  father, 
where  they  remained  a  year.  He  dis- 
tinctly remembered  seeing  President  Tyler 
and  the  ceremonies  attending  the  intro- 
duction of  the  Croton  water  into  New 
York.  Returning  to  England,  at  the  age 
of  14  he  began  to  learn  printing.  At  the 
end  of  seven  years  he  became  a  journey- 
man and  also  a  freeman  of  his  native  city. 
That  is  to  say,  anyone  who  has  served 
seven  years  at  a  trade,  appearing  before 
the  mayor  of  the  city  and  having  the  fact 
certified  to  by  his  employer,  is  made  a 
freeman  of  the  city  with  certain  special 
privileges.  Thus  at  the  time  of  his  death 
Mr.  Rushton  was  nearly  eligible  to  a  pen- 
sion of  $1.50  a  week.  Working  at  his 
trade  for  a  time  in  England,  he  again 
came  to  America,  this  time  settling  In 
Providence  in  1863,  where  he  worked  on 
the  Press  until  1868,  when  he  returned  to 
the  old  country.  After  a  year's  absence 
he  returned  to  Providence,  working  on  the 
Press  again,  and  later  on  the  Star.  In 
1872  he  removed  to  Boston,  finding  em- 
ployment on  the  Globe.  In  1881  he  took 
a  vacation  of  six  months,  travelling  in 
England  and  on  the  continent.  He  then 
returned  to  his  work  on  the  Globe,  and 
the  rest  of  his  life  was  uneventful.  In  1898 
his  health  failed  perceptibly,  and  after  a 
short  illness  he  passed  away  on  Nov.  19, 
1900,  at  the  age  of  68  years  and  6  months. 
He  left  a  widow  and  two  children.  One 
of  them,  Thomas  Rushton,  is  employed  on 
the  Globe  ;  the  other  is  the  wife  of  R.  W. 
Townsend,  also  an  employe  of  the  Globe. 
While  in  Providence  Mr.  Rushton  was  a 
fre(iuent  contributor  in  prose  and  verse  to 
the  Evening  Press  of  that  city. 

JAMES  H.  RUSSELL — Born  Providence 
Jan.  14,  18.t9;  learned  printing  at  office 
of  Franklin  Printing  Co.,  beginning  in 
1876;  was  foi-eman  of  the  Telegram  until 
the  strike  in  1889;  foreman  of  the  Paw- 
tucket  Times  for  five  years  ;  worked  sev- 
eral years  on  the  Weekly  Visitor;  now 
assistant  foreman  of  Worcester  Telegram. 
He  was  initiated  into  Providence  Union 
April  8,  1883,  and  has  held  many  import- 
ant offices  in  it,  including  that  of  I.  T.  U. 
delegate  in  1888. 

JOHN  F.  RUSSELI., — Born  Providence 
Aug.  2.'),  1886;  learned  printing  on  Eve- 
ning Bulletin,  beginning  March  10,  1902; 
initiated  into  Providence  Union  at  the 
Mai  eh  met  ting,  1906;  now  employed  on 
IO\'eiiiiig    I'.ulletin 


THE  JOURNEYMEN 


LXXV 


E.  J.  RYAN  —  Born  Hartford,  Conn., 
July  10,  1845  ;  learned  printing  in  that 
city;  worked  in  Providence  in  1867;  was 
bankman  on  the  Hartford  Post  in  1905. 

GEORGE  F.  RYAN — Born  New  York 
city  in  1846  ;  began  to  worlt  at  printing 
in  Warren,  R.  I.  ;  initiated  into  Providence 
Typographical  Union  Nov.  11,  1865;  since 
1868  has  been  in  the  employ  of  the  Rum- 
ford  Chemical  Works  as  foreman  of  its 
printing  department  and  has  superin- 
tended its  growth  from  tlie  beginning.  It 
is  now  probably  one  of  tlie  largest  private 
printing  plants  in  this  country. 

JAMES  S.  RYAN  (Big  Injun) — Born 
Vergennes,  Vt.,  Feb.  28,  1833  ;  learned 
printing  in  the  office  of  tlie  Vergennes 
Vermonter,  beginning  Nov.  9,  1848  ;  initi- 
ated into  Providence  Union  Oct.  10,  1868  ; 
worked  in  this  city  from  that  date  to 
1876  at  various  times  ;  was  located  in 
Hartford,  Conn.,  in  1904.  Mr.  Ryan  writes  : 
"Can't  tliink  of  any  reminiscences  ;  all  old 
stories,  some  true  and  some  lies,  but  told 
so  often  I  most  believe  some  of  them 
myself." 

JOHN  CROIL  RYAN— Died  Boston 
May  7,  1901,  aged  53  years.  He  was 
born  in  Montreal,  where  he  learned  print- 
ing. He  came  to  Providence,  worked  on 
the  Journal,  and  was  a  member  of  No. 
33  previous  to  1877  ;  later  he  worked  on 
the  Star  and  Press  and  for  a  time  at 
Gorham's  Silver  Works ;  he  had  worked 
some  years  in  Boston  just  previous  to  his 
death. 

MARVIN  M.  RYAN — Was  drowned  at 
Bullock's  Point  Sunday,  Aug.  16,  1874. 
He  was  of  a  sailing  party  of  three,  and 
about  5:30  p.  m.  went  swimming  alone. 
He  swam  under  water  a  short  distance, 
came  up  and  struck  out  for  the  boat. 
As  he  neared  it,  it  was  noticed  that  he 
was  looking  very  badly  in  the  face,  and 
one  of  his  companions,  asking  him  if  he 
was  tired,  reached  out  an  oar  for  him  to 
take  hold  of.  Tlie  oar  touched  his  shoul- 
der, when  he  pushed  it  away  with  his 
hand,  and,  turning  around  as  if  to  swim 
out  again,  he  sank  and  did  not  come  up. 
His  companions  made  no  attempt  to  re- 
cover the  body,  but  brought  his  clothing 
to  the  Third  Police  Station  in  this  city 
and  reported  the  fatality.  The  body  was 
found  Aug.  19  and  brought  to  Providence 
by  friends,  who  attended  to  the  burial. 
Mr.  Ryan  was  born  in  Cliarlestown,  Mass., 
in  1821.  He  was  initiated  into  Providence 
Union  April  18,  1857.  He  possessed  abili- 
ties as  a  compiler  of  almanacs  and  as  a 
writer  that  made  him  very  useful  outside 
the  lines  of  his  trade.  In  this  city  he 
worked  cliiefly  at  A.  Crawford  Greene's. 
He  served  in  a  Massachusetts  regiment 
In  the  Civil  war. 

WILLIAM  H.  RYAN — Born  East  Provi- 
dence Sept.  6,  1876  ;  learned  printing  with 
Marion  Printing  Co..  beginning  Oct.  1, 
1891  ;  initiated  into  Providence  Union  Dec. 
29,   1901. 


VICTOR  L.  RYBERG — Born  Providence 
Dec.  11,  1886  ;  learned  printing  with 
Standard  Printing  Co.,  beginning  in  1902  ; 
joined  effort  for  eight-hour  day  in  April, 
1906  ;  now  located  in  Providence. 

Initiated  Into  Providence  Union  on  Dates 
Named: 

JAMES  T.  RAFFERTY,  March  26,  1893. 
Killed  on  railroad  near  Pittsburg,  Pa.  ; 
learned  trade  on  Dispatch  and  Journal. 

GEORGE  H.  RAMSDEN,  Dec.  3,  1884. 
In  New  York  citv. 

CHARLES  RATTHIE,   July   25,    1886. 

IRA  G.   RAWSON,  December,   1892. 

JOHN  C.  RAWSON,  May  9,  1868. 

N.  L.  REEVES,  May  9,   1868. 

JOHN  F.  REILLY,  Nov.  8,  1862. 

NICHOLAS   J.    REILLY,   July   26,    1903. 

PATRICK  REILLY  (stereotyper) ,  Aug. 
25,   1889.     Died  in  this  city. 

WILLIAM  H.   REILLY,  Jan.   25,   1885. 

FRANCIS  W.  RHODES.  Dec.  9.   1865. 

B.  J.  RING,  April  5,  1888.     In  Colorado. 
WILLIAM  RILEY,   Feb.    25,   1900. 
GEORGE    J.    F.    ROBINSON,    Dec.    11, 

1869. 

THOMAS  C.   ROBINSON,  April   5,1888. 

JOHN   ROGERS    (b),   Jan.    29,    1893. 

PETER  RONAN.  May  4,  1857. 

EDWIN  W.   ROPER,  May  27,   1883. 

R.  W.  ROXBURGH,  Oct.  29,  1887;  also 
March  31,   1901. 

WILLIAM  H.  RUSH.  July  5,  1885. 
Learned  trade  on  Evening  Telegram. 

MARTIN  RYAN,  Oct.   14,   1864. 

Admitted   by   Card   on  Dates  Named: 

GEORGE  F.   RAND,  Aug.   27,   1884. 

FRED   E.    RAUFF,   July    28,    1895. 

L.  W.  REED,  July,   1888. 

L.  H.  REESE,  from  Norwich,  Nov.  13. 
1869. 

THOMAS  REESE,  May   10,   1873. 

DANIEL   REGAN.   May,    1887. 

THOMAS  E.   REGAN,   Aug.    10.    1872. 

DAVID  REID,  March,  1886  ;  August,  1888. 

BERNARD  REYNOLDS,  member  in 
1877. 

JAMES  W.  REYNOLDS.  March  27,  1904. 

C.  W.  RIANHARDT,  Sept.  30,   1900. 
STEPHEN  RICE,  Sept.  14.  1872. 

LEE  RILEY,  Nov.  30,  1890.  Swift  lino- 
type operator.  In  New  York  city  in  1907. 
"  ED.  P.  ROACH,  June,   1888. 

JAMES  ROACH,  Dec.  28,  1890;  Feb. 
27,   1898 

C.  W.  ROBINSON.  Sept.  14,  1872. 

GEORGE  D.  ROBINSON,  Sept.  14,  1872. 

J.  H.  B.  ROBINSON.  November,  1888. 

JOHN  ROBINSON  ("Shorty  Rob"). 
April  22,  1883  ;  was  assistant  foreman  of 
Journal. 

JOHN   E.    ROBERTS,   March,    1889. 

C.    A.    ROCHFORT.    November,    1886. 

G.   H.   RODDY.   July  1.   1883. 

JENNIE    ROGERS  (Miss) ,  Nov.  30,  1902. 

ROBERT  W.  ROGERS,  July  9.  1870. 

CHARLES   ROSS,   Sept.   27,   1891. 

J.  B.  ROSS.  Feb.  27,  1884  ;  worked  on 
Journal. 

THOMAS   J.    RUSSELL,    Feb.    28,    1892. 


LXXVI 


PRINTERS  AND  PRINTING  IN  PROVIDENCE 


Natnes  Found  in  Directory : 

JOHN  RANDALL  —  1828  worked  at 
Patriot  office  ;  1830  at  Journal  office  ;  1832 
at   25   Marl<et  square. 

WILLIAM  READ — 1832  at  12  Market 
square. 

JOPIAH   W.    ROBINSON.   JR.— 1859. 

JACOB   ROTHERMICH — 1859. 

GEORGE  SADLIER — Born  New  York 
city  Aug.  17.  1857  ;  learned  printing  in 
Middletown.  Conn.  ;  worked  in  Providence 
in  1885  on  tlie  Morning  Star;  admitted  to 
No.  33  by  card  in  May,  1885;  was  em- 
ployed on  the  New  York  American  and 
Journal  in  1904. 

CHARLES  A.  SALISBURY — Born  Paw- 
tucket,  R.  I.,  July  12,  1877  ;  learned  print- 
ing on  the  Pawtucket  Post,  beginning  in 
1893;  worked  in  Boston,  New  York.  Wor- 
cester and  Brockton  ;  admitted  to  Provi- 
dence Union  by  card  March  25,  1906  ;  now 
linotype   operator   on   Providence   Journal. 

HENRY  R.  SAWYER — Died  Providence 
Sept.  8,  1898.  His  age  was  not  known, 
but  he  was  one  of  the  oldest  printers  of 
the  city  at  the  time.  He  was  a  native 
of  London,  England.  When  a  boy  he 
came  to  this  country  and  at  first  was  a 
whaleman,  sailing  from  New  Bedford.  He 
then  learned  printing,  working  in  Paw- 
tucket, and  since  184  7  in  Providence.  In 
1857  he  was  foreman  of  A.  Crawford 
Greene's  office,  and  tliat  year  was  a 
cliarter  member  of  Providence  Union,  re- 
taining his  membership  until  he  became 
superanuated.  He  set  the  first  stickful 
of  type  for  the  Evening  Press,  and  worked 
in  that  office  from  1859  until  1S86.  For 
the  last  12  years  of  his  life  he  worked 
for  Snow  &  Farnham. 

ORIN  B.  SAXTON  (printer) — Formerly 
of  Providence  ;  died  at  the  Massachusetts 
General  Hospital. — Rhode  Island  Ameri- 
can, Jan.  11,  1825.  He  w:is  married  in 
Salem  Jan.  2,  1819,  to  Merriam  S.  Eld- 
redge. 

A.  R.  SAYLES  —  Born  1874;  learned 
printing  with  F.  H.  Townsend  in  this  city  ; 
located  in  Redlands,  Cal..  in  1905. 

THOMAS  A.  SCALES — Born  New  Bed- 
ford, Mass.,  Dec.  23,  1879;  learned  print- 
ing trade  in  the  Mercury  job  office  in  that 
city,  beginning  in  1893  ;  admitted  to  Provi- 
dence Union  April  29,  1900,  by  card;  has 
worked  in  Providence  and  Fall  River; 
now  located  in  New  Bedford. 

JAMES  P.  SCANLON— Born  Providence 
Nov.  23.  1874  ;  learned  printing  in  office  of 
Evening  Bulletin ;  initiated  into  Provi- 
dence Union  April  26,  1896;  now  linotype 
operator  on  Attleboro  Sun. 

DENNIS  J.  SCANNEL— Died  Boston, 
Mass..  Feb.  10.  1870;  initiated  into  Provi- 
dence Union  Sept.  9,  1865;  Its  President 
in  1866;  charter  member  of  Worcester 
(Mass.)  Union  and  its  first  President; 
1  T.  U.  delegate  from  Boston  in  1872  at 
Riclimond,  Va. 


PAUL  A.  SCHROEN — Born  Baltimore, 
Md..  Sept.  6.  1869;  learned  printing  in 
office  of  John  S.  Bridges  &  Co..  Balti- 
more. Md.,  beginning  in  1884  ;  came  to 
Providence  in  September.  1902.  deposit- 
ing a  card  in  No.  33  Feb.  22.  1903  ;  before 
coming  to  this  city  worked  three  years  in 
the  Government  Printing  Office  in  Wash- 
ington, and  about  two  years  in  Chicaso. 
Philadelphia  and  other  places  ;  now  fore- 
man Capitol  Press. 

C.  SCHUBARTH — Initiated  into  Provi- 
dence Union  April  18.  1857  ;  his  name  ap- 
pears in  the  Directory  of  1853. 

ALBERT  A.  SCOTT — Died  in  the  Met- 
ropolitan Hospital.  New  York  city,  June 
27,  1902,  aged  61  years;  he  was  a  mem- 
ber of  Providence  Union  previous  to  April, 
1857,  and  worked  on  the  Post,  of  which 
he  was  for  a  time  foreman.  Later  he 
was  a  partner  with  Noah  D.  Payne  as 
publisher  of  the  Herald,  the  successor  of 
the  Post.  About  1870  he  went  to  New 
York  city,  and  for  years  was  employed 
on  the.  Sun. 

EDWIN  TALLMAN  SCOTT  —  Died 
Providence  Sept.  20,  1894,  in  his  75th 
year.  From  1841  to  1844  he  followed  the 
printing  trade;  1850-'59  he  kept  an 
apothecary  store  at  454  North  Main 
street;  1859  until  the  time  of  his  death 
he  was  a  physician. 

WALTER  SCOTT  —  Born  Cumberland. 
R.  I.,  Nov.  28,  1841  ;  learned  presswork 
in  Journal  office,  beginning  in  1861,  when 
there  was  but  one  single-cylinder  Hoe  in 
the  pressroom  ;  also  worked  on  the  Post, 
Evening  Press,  Herald  and  Morning  Star  ; 
ivas  initiated  into  Providence  Union  Dec. 
9,  1871,  and  later  on  the  honorary  list. 
Mr.  Scott  was  for  many  years  caterer  to 
the  newspaper  offices,  and,  to  use  his  own 
words,  "Am  a  lively  old  cuss  yet."  His 
lunch  wagon  was  a  fixture  in  front  of  the 
Barton  block,  when  the  Journal  was 
printed  there,  and  George  W.  Danielson, 
after  his  labors  on  the  paper,  often  rode 
to  his  home  with  Mr.  Scott. 

WILLIAM  SCOTT  (a) — Born  Carlisle, 
England,  Sept.  8,  1S69  ;  learned  printing 
in  Providence,  beginning  in  1887;  initi- 
ated into  Providence  Union  May  26,  1889, 
as  .an  apprentice  member.  While,  working 
in  the  Record  job  office  in  Norwich,  Conn., 
he  won  a  prize  for  artistic  job  work, 
offered  by  the  Inland  Printer  of  Chicago. 
The  entries  included  English  and  Ameri- 
can printers.  Now  employed  on  Norwich 
(Conn.)    Record. 

WILLIAM  SCOTT  (b) — Born  Hawick, 
Scotland,  whei'c  he  also  learned  the  print- 
ing trade  ;  initiated  into  Providence  ITnion 
Feb.  24,  1901  ;  now  employed  on  the 
Tribune. 

FRANK  HOPKINS  SEARS — Born  New 
York  State  Aug.  21,  1S.")5;  learned  print- 
ing on  newsiiapors  in  Montgomery  and 
Newbin-gh,  N.  Y.,  beghniing  In  1869;  ad- 
mitted  to    Providence    Union   by   card   Oct. 


THE  JOURNEYMEN 


LXXVII 


12,  1874  ;  worked  in  this  city  about  seven 
years,  on  tlie  Journal,  Bulletin,  Press  and 
Star;  went  West  in  the  fall  of  1881,  and 
Dec.  19  of  that  year  published  one  num- 
ber of  the  Waverly  Enterprise  in  Waverly, 
Coffey  Co.,  Kas.  ;  went  into  cattle  raising 
business  and  has  not  worlced  at  printing 
since  1881  ;  was  in  cattle  business  at 
Eudora,  Kas.,  in  1904. 

FRANK  H.  SEFFING — Born  Sandusky, 
Ohio,  Jan.  22,  1864  ;  learned  printing  in 
office  of  Register  of  that  city,  beginning 
Aug.  25,  1876  ;  admitted  to  Providence 
Union  by  card  Aug.  27,  1884,  and  again 
June  28,  1885 ;  worked  on  the  Star  and 
Telegram.  After  enumerating  the  names 
of  the  men  on  those  papers  when  he 
visited  Providence,  Mr.  Sefling  writes : 
"The  lapse  of  20  years  has  not  served  to 
efface  from  my  mind  the  names  of  those 
old  stalwarts  of  No.  33,  and  the  rides 
'down  the  river'  and  the  'Rhode  Island 
clambakes'  and  the  general  good  times  to 
be  had  in  Providence."  Mr.  SefRng  repre- 
sented Cleveland  Union  at  the  Hot  Springs 
convention  in  1907. 

P.  A.  SEIBERLICH  —  Born  Philadel- 
phia, Pa.,  May  13,  1860  ;  he  learned  the 
printing  trade  in  that  city  in  the  office 
of  John  P.  Murphy,  beginning  in  1875  ; 
worked  in  Providence  on  the  Evening 
Telegram  from  1894  to  1900,  and  has 
"worked  in  nearly  every  large  city  in 
the  country  ;"  now  located  in  New  York. 

THOMAS  C.  SHANLEY  —  Died  Provi- 
dence Jan.  24,  1885,  aged  25  years;  he 
learned  printing  on  the  Evening  Tele- 
gram ;  initiated  into  Providence  Union 
Sept.  30,  1883.  The  funeral  was  an  elab- 
orate one.  The  bearers  were  James  H. 
Russell,  Joseph  N.  B.  Meegan,  James 
Moore  and  George  W.  Flynn.  Mass  was 
at  the  Pro-Cathedral. 

JOHN  A.  SHANNON— Born  May  10, 
1863,  in  England  ;  he  began  to  learn  print- 
ing in  the  office  of  the  News  at  Law- 
rence, Mass.,  finishing  his  apprenticeship 
in  Providence  at  A.  N.  Angell's  ;  he 
worked  in  Providence  from  1887  to  1904  ; 
was  an  original  member  of  the  souvenir 
committee  ;  now  located  in  New  York  city. 

C.  C.  SHARP — Born  Brandt  Co.,  Can- 
ada, Nov.  13,  1861  ;  he  learned  the  print- 
ing trade  in  Sarnio,  Can.,  beginning  in 
1878  ;  deposited  a  card  in  Providence 
Union  April  24,  1904.  This  was  his  first 
trip  to  New  England,  although  he  had 
travelled  all  over  the  United'  States,  from 
St.  Paul,  where  he  joined  the  Union  in 
1880,  to  New  Orleans,  and  from  San 
Francisco  to  Providence  ;  employed  on  the 
Telegram  operating  a  linotype  in  1904. 

ARTHUR  L.  SHAW — Born  1862  ;  learned 
printing  in  Sackville,  N.  B.,  on  the  Chig- 
necto  Post,  beginning  in  1880  ;  initiated 
into  Providence  Union  April  5,  1888. 

CHARLES  S.  SHAW  —  Born  Jersey 
City,    N.    J.,    1858;    learned    printing    with 


George  A.  Wilson  in  this  city,  beginning 
in  1893  ;  initiated  into  Providence  Union 
July  25,   1897  ;  now  in  New  York  city. 

EARL  BRANDON  SHAW— Born  Au- 
gusta, Me.,  in  1870;  learned  printing  in 
A.  N.  Angell's  office  in  this  city,  begin- 
ning in  1884  ;  worked  in  Providence  from 
1884  to  1891  and  from  1893  to  1901  ;  ini- 
tiated into  No.  33  April  5,  1888;  went  to 
San  Francisco  in  1891  for  two  years,  and 
was  foreman  of  the  Berkeley  Daily  Her- 
ald, the  first  daily  in  Berkeley,  Cal.  Mr. 
Shaw  was  one  of  five  brothers,  all  print- 
ers— Arthur,  William,  Charles  and  Frank, 
the  latter  deceased. 

PRANK  N.  SHAW— Born  Hudson  City, 
N.  Y..  June  27,  1862  ;  died  in  Providence 
December,  1891  ;  he  learned  printing  in 
Sackville,  N.  B.,  and  Brooklyn,  N.  Y., 
beginning  in  1879  ;  worked  in  Providence 
from  1883  to  1889,  when  he  went  to  Chi- 
cago and  was  foreman  for  some  time  for 
Donahoe  &  Hennehery  ;  retvu'ned  to  Provi- 
dence in  1891,  and  was  foreman  of  J.  C- 
Monaghan's  paper  (Record)  ;  initiated 
into  No.   33  April  15,   1883. 

JAMES  C.  SHAW — Born  Providence 
April  23,  1882  ;  learned  printing  on  the 
Evening  Telegram,  beginning  in  1899  ;  ini- 
tiated into  Providence  Union  March  27, 
1904. 

WILLIAM  S.  SHAW — Born  Bridgeport, 
Conn.,  Sept.  17,  1864  ;  learned  printing  at 
Chatham,  Meremichee  Co.,  Can.,  begin- 
ning in'  1882;  admitted  to  Providence 
Union  by  card  at  the  August  meeting, 
1889  ;  now  employed  in  this  city. 

D.  J.  SHEA— Born  Halifax,  N.  S.,  Jan. 
27,  1855  ;  learned  printing  in  that  city, 
beginning  in  1869  ;  worked  in  Providence 
a  short  time  in  the  spring  of  1884  ;  em- 
ployed in  New  York  city  on  the  Journal 
in  1904. 

JOHN  SHEEDY — Born  Norwich,  Conn., 
and  learned  printing  there,  beginning  in 
1870  ;  initiated  into  Providence  Union  Nov. 
9,  1873,  and  worked  here  several  months 
on  the  Morning  Star ;  now  foreman  New 
London  Morning  Telegraph. 

E.  J.  SHEPARD  —  Born  Clifton  Park, 
N.  Y.,  in  1857  ;  learned  printing  in  Sara- 
toga, N.  Y.,  beginning  in  1872  ;  admitted 
to    Providence    Union    by    card    July    28, 

1896  ;  worked  in  this  city  March  to  Sep- 
tember, 1895,  and  July  to  October,  1896, 
mostly  on  the  Journal ;  has  been  em- 
ployed in  the  Government  Printing  Office 
in    Washington,     D.    C,    since    February, 

1897  ;  brother  of  G.  E.  Shepard. 

GORDON  E.  SHEPARD — Born  Jones- 
ville,  Saratoga  Co.,  N.  Y.,  in  1856  ;  learned 
printing  in  Saratoga,  N.  Y.,  beginning 
Dec.  1,  1869  ;  came  to  Providence  July  5, 
1875,  and  has  worked  on  the  Journal  since 
under  five  foremen,  viz.  :  George  Merrill, 
E.  B.  Rose,  John  II.  Milne,  Robert  Quinn 
and    William    Carroll,    only    two    of   whom 


LXXVIII 


PRINTERS  AND  PRINTING  IN  PROVIDENCE 


are  now  living ;  has  lield  a  night  "sit,"  a 
day  "sit,"  an  "objectionable  sit"  for  about 
four  years ;  assistant  "ad  man"  for  four 
years  ;  about  one  year  on  the  old  Mergen- 
thaler  linotypes,  and  since  1894  a  "sit" 
in  the  proofroom.  He  was  initiated  into 
Providence  Union  April  15,  1883. 

P.  R.  SHEPARDSON  —  Died  Newark, 
N.  J.,  Nov.  2,  1906,  aged  62  years;  ad- 
mitted to  Providence  Union  by  card  July, 
1888. 

DANIEL  A.  SHERMAN  —  Born  New- 
port, R.  I.,  in  1838  :  initiated  into  Provi- 
dence Union  March  11,  1865.  In  a  move- 
ment for  a  short  workday  at  that  time 
he  was  secretary  of  the  organization.  He 
is  supposed  to  have  died  in  one  of  the 
towns  in  the  southern  part  of  the  State. 

HOWARD  E.  SHERMAN — Born  Pru- 
dence Island,  R.  I.,  Jan.  29,  1867  ;  learned 
printing  in  Bristol,  R.  I.,  beginning  in 
1880  ;  initiated  into  Providence  Union 
Oct.  25,  1885  ;  worked  in  Providence  from 
1884  to  1889  on  the  Evening  Mail,  a 
campaign  sheet,  started  in  1884  ;  the  R. 
I.  Democrat,  Journal,  Dispatch  and  Tele- 
gram ;  was  in  the  lockout  on  the  last  named 
paper  in  1889  ;  treasurer  of  No.  33  in 
1888-'89  ;  now  employed  in  the  Govern- 
ment Printing  Office  at  Washington. 

WILLIAM  E.  SHIELDS — Born  Coving- 
ton, Ky.,  April  30,  1861  ;  learned  printing 
in  Wapakoneta,  O.,  beginning  in  1876  ; 
worked  in  Providence  in  1885  on  the  Te.le- 
gram  and  Star  ;  delegate  to  I.  T.  U.  from 
Washington  Union,  No.  101,  to  Boston  in 
1892,  and  afterward  President  of  that 
Union  for  two  years ;  now  located  in 
Denver. 

GEORGE  M.  SHIPP  —  Born  May  12. 
1850,  at  Hillsboro,  O.  ;  learned  printing  on 
the  Gazette  in  that  town,  beginning  in 
1867  ;  admitted  to  Providence  Union  by 
card  at  the  May  meeting,  1887,  and  has 
visited  tliis  city  at  various  other  times ; 
Mr.  Shipp  is  an  extensive  traveller,  hav- 
ing been  in  every  city  and  town  of  any 
importance  tliis  side  of  tlie  Rocky  Moun- 
tains ;  in  New  York  city  in  1907. 

WILLARD  F.  SHOLES  — Died  Provi- 
dence July  12,  1907,  aged  45  years; 
learned  printing  in  office  of  Charles  L. 
Stewart,  Franklin,  Mass.  ;  initiated  into 
Providence  Union  Oct.  25,  1903  ;  em- 
ployed in  tliis  city  until  his  death ;  par- 
ticipated in  the  effort  for  the  eight-hour 
day  in  1906. 

JOHN  S.  SIBLEY— Born  Sutton,  Mass.. 
Sept.  8,  1823;  died  Pawtuiket,  R.  I., 
Sept.  13,  1883;  learned  printing  in  the 
office  of  the  Woonsocket  Patriot,  begin- 
ning about  1845;  in  1850  worked  at  Jour- 
nal job  office  in  this  city  and  later  was 
a  member  of  tlic  firm.  Willi  An.sel  D. 
Nickerson  lie  pulilislied  tlie  Pawtucket 
Gazette  and  Chronicle  after  Jan.    1,    1870. 


ORVILLE  SIBLEY  —  Died  Providence 
July  30,  1875,  aged  31  years.  He  was  ini- 
tiated into  Providence  Union  Dec.  12,  1868. 

JENNIE  R.  SILVER  (Miss) — Initiated 
into  Providence  Union  March  27,  1832  ; 
married  and  took  withdrawal  card  ;  after- 
ward sent  for  working  card  from  Canada. 

WILLIAM    SIMMONDS    (b) — Born    in 

Newark.  N.  J.,  June  15,  1855  ;  learned 
printing  trade,  in  that  city  ;  came  to  Provi- 
dence in  1897  ;  obligated  in  Providence 
Union  March  31,  1901  ;  now  foreman  of 
News-Democrat. 

BROWN  SIMMONS  —  Died  July  14, 
1844,  in  the  37th  year  of  his  age.  In  1829, 
in  partnership  witli  John  W.  D.  Hall,  he 
published  the  Literary  Subaltern  and  con- 
tinued his  connection  with  that  paper  until 
Nov.  30,  1832,  when  it  was  sold  to  S.  S. 
Southworth. 

JOHN  SIMMONS  —  Died  Providence 
June  20,  1885,  aged  76  years;  from  1851 
to  1853  he  worked  on  the  Journal. 

AARON  SIMONS  —  Died  Providence 
April  29,  1878,  aged  60  years.  He  was 
the  son  of  Col.  William  Simons  and 
brother  of  William  and  Edward  T.  Si- 
mons. At  his  brother  William's  death  he 
became  publisher  of  the  Republican  Her- 
ald and  continued  as  such  until  1853, 
when  that  paper  became  the  property  of 
the  publishers  of  the  Post  (Sayles,  Miller 
&  Simons).  He  was  a  practical  printer, 
as  were  also  his  two  sons,  Fred  M.  and 
Arthur  W.  Simons. 

ARTHUR  W.  SIMONS  (son  of  Aaron) 
— Died  Providence  June  2  0.  1904  ;  he 
learned  the  printing  trade  in  liis  father's 
office  and  was  initiated  into  Providence 
Union  Jan.  13.  1866.  In  1868  he  became 
teller  of  the  Atlantic  National  Bank,  re- 
maining tliere  until  1872,  when  he  became 
cashier  of  tlie  Westminster  Bank.  He 
held  the  latter  position  32  years. 

EDWARD  T.  SIMONS— Was  found  dead 
in  the  Revere  House  July  28,  1887.  He 
was  the  son  of  William  Simons  and 
brother  of  William  and  Aaron.  He  learned 
printing  in  the  office  of  the  Republican 
Herald,  his  fatlier's  paper,  but  did  not 
continue  long  at  the  business.  For  years 
he  was  in  tlie  employ  of  Mr.  Humphrey 
of  the  City  Hotel. 

FREDERICK  M.  SIMONS  (son  of 
Aaron) — Died  Sharon.  Mass.,  Jan.  15, 
1906,  where  he  had  removed  from  Provi- 
dence about  six  months  before.  Upon  his 
death  the  Simons  family,  for  the  first 
time  in  97  years,  ceased  to  have  a  repre- 
sentative in  the  printing  trade  in  Rhode 
Island.  He  was  initiated  into  Providence 
Union  Oct.  10.  1868.  and  was  its  Vice 
President  in  1872.  For  many  years  he 
wa.s  enipl().\-ed  on  the  Evening  Press  and 
later  at  Snow  &  l'\irnham's.  Buried  at 
North    Burial   Gi'ound. 


THE  JOURNEYMEN 


LXXLX 


WILLIAM  SIMONS  —  Died  Baltimore, 
Md.,  March  6,  1845,  in  his  60th  year.  He 
was  returning  from  Richmond,  Va.,  where 
lie  had  been  to  visit  a  daugliter,  when  he 
was  stridden  with  a  fatal  illness.  In  1799. 
in  his  13th  year,  he  entered  the  office  of 
the  Boston  Palladium,  then  published  by 
Young  &  Minus,  as  an  apprentice  to  the 
printing  trade.  In  1804  he  became  a 
member  of  the  Young  Men's  Democratic 
Association  of  Boston.  Soon  after  reach- 
ing his  majority  he  conducted  a  literary 
periodical  in  Boston,  entitled  "The  An- 
thology," and  subsequently  a  weekly  po- 
litical journel,  called  "The  American 
Detector."  In  March,  1809,  he  removed  to 
Newport,  R.  I.,  and  on  the  22d  of  the 
same  month  he  commenced  the  publica- 
tion of  the  Rhode  Island  Republican, 
which  paper  he  continued  to  edit  until 
1825,  when  he  removed  to  Providence  and 
assumed  the  duties  of  editor  of  the  Provi- 
dence Patriot.  July  1,  1829,  he  became 
editor  of  the  Republican  Herald,  published 
by  his  son  William,  and  so  continued  until 
his  death.  For  some  time  he  was  a  mem- 
ber of  the  General  Assembly  from  New- 
port. He  was  always  a  firm  and  con- 
sistent Democrat.  It  was  at  his  house 
that  Thomas  W.  Dorr  was  arrested  Oct. 
31,  1843.  He  had  three  sons,  William, 
Aaron  and  Edward  T.,  all  printers. 

WILLIAM  SIMONS,  JR.  —  Died  New- 
port, Oct.  8,  1848,  In  the  37th  year  of  his 
age.  He  was  the  son  of  Col.  William 
Simons  and  brother  of  Aaron  and  Edward 
T.  Simons.  In  1826  he  published  the 
Providence  Patriot.  July  1,  1829,  he  ac- 
quired control  of  the  Republican  Hei'ald 
and  continued  as  its  publisher  until  his 
death.  The  Grand  Lodge  of  Odd  Fellows 
of  Rhode  Island,  at  a  special  meeting  held 
Oct.  12,  1848,  listened  to  a  memorial  ad- 
dress in  Mr.  Simons's  honor  and  passed 
resolutions  of  regret  at  his  decease. 

THOMAS  SIMPSON  — Born  Sag  Har- 
bor, Long  Island,  N.  Y.,  Dec.  30,  1840;  in 
1855  he  was  apprenticed  to  Knowles,  An- 
thony &  Co.  for  four  years  and  worked 
there  until  the  breaking  out  of  the  Civil 
war.  After  the  war  he  worked  in  the 
office  of  George  H.  Wliitney,  and  later 
was  in  the  partnership  of  Miller,  Gray  & 
Simpson.  He  was  initiated  into  Provi- 
dence Union  June  9,  1866.  Feb.  17,  1882, 
he  was  appointed  U.  S.  Consul  at  Puerta 
Plata,  Dominican  Republic,  and  held  the 
office  vmtil  his  death,  which  occurred  in 
New  York  city  Sept.  3,  1907.  In  the  Civil 
war  he  served  in  the  1st  Light  Battery, 
and  also  in  Battery  F,  1st  R.  I.  L.  A., 
rising  to  the  rank  of  lieutenant.  He  was 
captured  by  the  rebels  and  confined  in 
Libby  Prison  and  also  at  Danville,  Va. 

WILLIAM  H.  SLOCUM  —  Born  Paw- 
tucket.  R.  I.,  Oct.  21,  1883;  learned  print- 
ing in  Providence  Evening  Telegi-am  office, 
beginning  in  1901  ;  initiated  into  Provi- 
dence LTnion  March  25,  1906  ;  employed  on 
Attleboro  Sun  in   1907. 


WILLIAM  E.  SMART — Born  Searsport, 
Me.,  March  26,  1854  ;  learned  stereotyp- 
ing in  Washington,  D.  C,  beginning  in 
1881  ;  foreman  of  Providence  Journal 
stereotype  room  from  1884  to  1904  ;  initi- 
ated into  Providence  Typographical  Union 
March  27,  1887  ;  now  located  in  Boston, 
Mass. 

E.  P.  SMITH  (Bone) — Born  Nashville, 
Tenn.,  and  learned  printing  there,  begin- 
ning about  1860.  He  was  admitted  to 
Providence  Union  by  card  Oct.  12,  1872, 
and  worked  in  this  city  on  the  Morning 
Herald  for  about  three  months.  He  was 
a  noted  "tourist"  and  staunch  unionist. 
He  died  in  Memphis.  Tenn.,  in  the  fall  of 
1883,  and  is  buried  in  the  printers'  lot  in 
Elmwood  Cemetery. 

EDWARD  S.  SMITH — Died  Worcester, 
Mass.,  March  12,  1902,  and  is  buried  in 
Hope  Cemetery  in  that  city.  He  worked 
at  printing  in  Providence  in  1886,  having 
been  admitted  by  card  to  No.  33  at  the 
January  meeting  in  that  year.  He  was  a 
member  of  Worcester  Union  at  the  time 
of  his  death. 

EDWIN  W.  SMITH — Born  Nantucket, 
Mass.,  March  27,  1864  ;  learned  the  print- 
ing trade  in  Nantucket,  coming  to  Provi- 
dence in  September,  1882  ;  here  he  worked 
in  the  office  of  the  Evening  Press  and 
later  on  the  Journal,  where  he  has  been 
bank  man  for  many  years  ;  he  was  initi- 
ated into  Providence  Union  Feb.  27,  1884. 

FRED  SMITH — Born  Reighley,  York- 
shire. England,  June  13,  1873;  learned 
printing  with  Buker  Publishing  Co.,  begin- 
ning in  1887  ;  initiated  into  Providence 
Union  April  29,  1900  ;  conducted  a  print- 
ing office  at  31  Broad  street,  this  city,  in 
1904  ;  now  employed  on  Tribune. 

HARRY  F.  SMITH— Born  Wilmington. 
Del.,  April  12,  1870  ;  learned  printing  in 
West  Chester,  Pa.,  on  the  News ;  admit- 
ted to  Providence  L^nion  by  card  June 
25,  1893,  and  worked 'on  the  Providence 
Journal  until  1895  ;  employed  on  Boston 
Herald  in  1907. 

JAMES  A.  SMITH — In  1832  was  em- 
ployed at  Journal  office;  in  1844  he  was 
a  pennypost  and  later  was  clerk  in  vari- 
ous establishments  until  in  185  7  he  be- 
came a  partner  in  tlie  clothing  firm  of 
Sherman,  Gardner  &  Smith  at  4  South 
Main  street. 

JOHN  FRANCIS  SMITH — Born  Slaters- 
ville.  R.  I..  April  17.  1833  ;  died  Provi- 
dence May  17,  1904.  While  a  student  in 
the  high  school  in  Springfield,  Mass.,  he 
worked  on  the  Republican  as  a  reporter 
and  compositor.  He  afterward  worked 
on  a  newspaper  in  Dover,  N.  H.  In  1862 
he  enlisted  in  the  14th  Conn.  Vols.,  but 
was  discharged  in  1863  on  account  of 
physical  disability.  After  his  recovery  he 
engaged  in  the  printing  business  in 
Worcester,  Mass.,  and  later  carried  on 
the   same   business   in   this   city.     With   J. 


LXXX 


PRINTERS  AND  PRINTING  IN  PROVIDENCE 


B.  Allen,  Mr.  Smith  started  in  this  city 
a  weekly  paper,  called  "The  People," 
which  was  published  from  1881  to  1883. 
He  later  transferred  his  printing  office 
to  Oaklawn,  R.  I.  While  Mr.  Smith  was 
a  private  in  the  army  he  was  able  to 
inform  Secretary  of  War  Stanton  of  a 
precedent  for  the  famous  Charleston 
blockade,  and  he  received  from  Mr.  Stan- 
ton a  letter  of  thanks  for  the  service  he 
had  rendered. 

JOSEPH  L.  SMITH  — Born  Pawtucket 
March  6,  1886;  learned  printing  trade  on 
the  Chronicle  in  that  city ;  worked  in 
Providence  since  1898;  admitted  to  Provi- 
dence Union  by  card  Dec.  27,  1903  ;  par- 
ticipated in  the  effort  for  the  eight-hour 
day  in  1906. 

SAMUEL  C.  SMITH — Born  Scid,  N.  Y., 
Nov.  13,  1864  ;  learned  printing  at  Cald- 
well, Ky.,  beginning  in  1884  ;  initiated 
into  Providence  Union  March  25,  1900 ; 
worked  in  this  city  for  four  years ;  lo- 
cated in  Washington,  D.  C,  in  1904. 

SAMUEL  JENKS  SMITH — Was  a  inem- 
ber  of  the  printing  firm  of  Smith  &  Par- 
menter  in  1826-'28.  He  went  to  New 
York  city  and  about  1832  started  the  Sun- 
day Morning  News  there.  John  Howard 
Payne,  author  of  "Home,  Sweet  Home," 
was  an  associate  of  Smith  on  the  News. 
"Smith  became  consumptive,  sold  his  es- 
tablishment in  1838,  and  sailed  for  Eu- 
rope.    He  died  at  sea." 

WILLIAM  HORACE  SMITH — Died  in 
Providence  Jan.  13,  1889,  in  his  65th  year. 
He  was  born  in  Cumberland,  R.  I.,  and 
his  name  was  in  the  Providence  Direc- 
tory as  a  printer  in  1844  ;  initiated  into 
Providence  Union  April  18,  1857  ;  was 
foreman  of  Journal  job  office  and  also  of 
other  offices  ;  he  was  an  inspector  in  the 
Public  Works  Department  of  Providence 
1886-'89. 

WILLIAM  H.  SMITH — Born  Pawtucket 
July  23,  1866;  learned  printing  at  E.  L. 
Freeman's,  Central  Falls,  beginning  in 
1882  ;  charter  member  of  Pawtucket 
Union ;  initiated  into  Providence  Union 
May  29,  1904. 

THEODORE  B.  SOMBRS— Died  Boston 
City  Hospital  Nov.  23,  1897,  of  cancer, 
aged  51  years.  He  had  worked  in  Boston 
for  more  than  20  years,  mostly  on  the 
Herald.  His  relatives  lived  in  Troy,  N. 
Y.  He  was  admitted  to  Providence  Union 
by  card  Dec.  12,  1874,  and  worked  on 
the  Journal. 

FRANK  F.  SORBIE  —  Born  London, 
England,  June  24  184  4  ;  learned  printing 
in  that  city,  beginning  in  1857;  admitted 
to  Providence  Union  by  card  at  tlie  Janu- 
ary meeting,  1886;  State  Deputy  under 
both  Presidents  Amison  and  Plank  and 
Deputy  Organizer  under  President  Plank  ; 
organized  Woonsocliet  and  Pawtucket 
Unions ;    during    tlie    Telegram    .strike    of 


1898  was  arrested  and  placed  under  J2000 
bail,  but  nothing  came  of  it ;  located  in 
New  York  city  in  1907. 

ALBINO  JOSEPH  SOU^A — Born  Provi- 
dence Oct.  13,  1878;  died  there  July  11, 
1904.  He  began  in  the  Record  office  to 
work  at  printing  and  finished  his  ap- 
prenticeship with  the  Marion  Printing 
Co.  ;  he  afterward  worked  at  Snow  & 
Farnham's  and  at  the  Piatt  Albertype 
Co.  ;  he  was  initiated  into  Providence 
Union  Feb.  28,  1897. 

SOLOMON  SOUTHWICK  (a) — Born 
Newport,  R.  I.,  in  1731  ;  died  there  Dec. 
23,  1797  ;  he  bought  the  Newport  Mer- 
cury in  1768,  and  in  the  conduct  of  the 
office  printed  many  pamphlets  and  small 
volumes.  While  the  British  occupied  the 
town,  from  Dec.  2,  177  6,  until  Jan.  5, 
1780,  the  Mercury  was  suspended.  Dur- 
ing this  time  Southwick  came  to  Provi- 
dence and  with  Bennett  Wheeler  estab- 
lished a  printing  office  here.  From  this 
office  the  American  Journal,  the  second 
newspaper  printed  in  this  city,  was  issued. 
After  the  British  left  Newport.  Southwick 
returned  and  resumed  the  publication  of 
the  Mercury. 

SOLOMON  SOUTHWICK  (b) — Born 
Newport,  R.  I.,  Dec.  25,  1773  ;  died  Albany, 
N.  Y..  Nov.  18.  1839.  He  probably  learned 
printing  in  his  father's  office  in  Newport 
and  worked  as  a  journeyman  in  Provi- 
dence, New  York  and  Philadelphia.  From 
1808  to  1818  he  was  editor  of  the  Albany 
Register;  in  1809  sheriff  of  the  city  and 
county  of  Albany  ;  in  1811  President  of 
the  Mechanics  Bank  of  Albany ;  also 
printer  to  the  State  of  New  York  and 
Regent  of  the  University;  from  1815  to 
1822  Postmaster  of  Albany.  In  the  latter 
year  he  was  a  candidate  for  Governor  of 
N§w  York,  receiving  but  2910  votes, 
against  128,493  for  his  opponnent.  Again 
in.  1828  he  was  defeated  wlien  lie  ran  for 
Governor  on  the  anti-Masonic  ticket. 

ALFRED  C.  SPARKS — Born  Wilming- 
ton, Del.,  where  he  also  learned  the  print- 
ing trade.  He  has  worked  in  Philadel- 
phia, Pa.,  and  in  Providence  since  1889  ; 
now  employed  on  Tribune. 

EDGAR  T.  SPENCER — Born  Glen's 
Falls,  N.  Y.  ;  learned  printing  trade  at 
Albany,  N.  Y.,  where  he  joined  the  Typo- 
graphical Union  in  1867;  worked  at  his 
trade  in  New  York  city  and  Boston  ;  came 
to  Providence  in  1877;  employed  on  the 
Journal  until  1895  ;  at  present  (1907)  pub- 
lisher of  Hope  Valley  Advertiser;  member 
of  Senate  Lodge.  F.  and  A.  M..  456.  Glen's 
Falls.  N.  Y.  ;  Franklin  R.  A.  Chapter.  No. 
7,  Hope  Valley,  R.  I.  ;  Westminster  Lodge. 
No.  27.  I.  O.  O.  F.,  Providence  ;  joined 
Providence  Union  at  its  reorganization, 
April  8,  1883. 

B.  SPRANGER — Initiated  into  Provi- 
dence Union  May  26.  1!)01.  Ho  was  then 
44  years  of  age,  and  had  learned  printing 
in  Milwaukee,  Wis.,  begiiuiing  In  1891. 


THE  JOURNEYMEN 


LXXXI 


FRANK  E.  STACKPOLE  —  Born  in 
Newmarket.  N.  H.,  in  1855  ;  learned  print- 
ing in  that  town,  beginning  in  1873  ;  ad- 
mitted to  Providence  Union  by  card  May 
5,  1904. 

CHARLES  STANSFIELD  —  Born  in 
1867;  learned  printing  in  England;  initi- 
ated into  Providence  Union  Sept.  25,  1887  ; 
last  heard  of  in  1897  in  Bangor,  Me., 
where  he  was  a  member  of  No.  446. 

WILLIAM  J.  STANTON — Died  at  R.  I. 
Hospital  May  23,  1885,  after  an  illness  of 
a  few  days.  Rev.  Fr.  Clune  sang  a 
requiem  high  mass  at  the  Church  of  the 
Assumption  over  the  remains,  and  he  was 
buried  in  St.  Patrick's  Cemetery  on  Doug- 
las avenue,  four  of  his  former  associates 
in  the  Journal  composing  room  acting  as 
bearers. 

FREDERICK  W.  STEARNS  —  Born 
Mansfield,  Mass.,  Jan.  8,  1847.  He  gradu- 
ated from  high  school  at  16  ;  took  up  the 
study  of  medicine  with  his  father,  who 
was  a  surgeon  in  the  Army  of  the  Poto- 
mac, and  participated  in  the  battles  of 
Chancellorsville  and  Gettysburg.  After 
the  Civil  war  he  learned  printing,  begin- 
ning at  Stoughton,  Mass.  ;  worked  in 
Providence,  on  the  Evening  Press,  in  1868. 
The  morning  fire  destroyed  that  office  in 
December  of  that  year  he  missed  an  early 
train  from  Milford,  where  he  resided,  and 
thereby  escaped  the  ordeal  of  climbing 
down  the  chain.  Mr.  Stearns  was  initi- 
ated into  Boston  Typographical  Union,  No. 
13,  in  1869,  while  working  in  that  city  at 
Alfred  Mudge's.  He  went  to  Milwaukee, 
Wis.,  in  1872.  He  is  a  charter  member  of 
Cream  City  Typographical  Union,  No.  23  ; 
was  secretary  for  eight  years  ;  five  years 
delegate  to  the  Federated  Trades'  Coun- 
cil, acting  as  its  secretary  and  treasurer 
several  terms ;  delegate  from  Milwaukee 
to  organize  the  Ainerican  Federation  of 
Labor  in  Washington,  D.  C.  ;  delegate  to 
the  I.  T.  U.  conventions  at  Buffalo  and 
Syracuse  ;  served  two  years  as  President 
of  Milwaukee  Union,  and  in  that  capacity 
opened  the  47th  session  of  the  I.  T.  U.  in 
Milwaukee  in  1900.  Mr.  Stearns  joined 
the  Knights  of  Labor  in  1885  and  held 
many  important  offices  in  that  organiza- 
tion. In  politics.  Mr.  Stearns  is  a  Popu- 
list. His  grandfather,  Isaac  Stearns,  was 
a  member  of  the  printing  firm  of  Stearns 
&  Wheaton  in  Providence  in  1830,  and 
publisher  and  editor  of  the  Free  Press, 
one  of  the  first  daily  newspapers  printed 
in  this  city.  Isaac  Stearns  was  not  a 
practical  printer.  He  was  born  in  Mans- 
field, Mass.,  Jan.  18,  1790,  and  died  June 
16.  1879.  Fred  W.  Stearns  was  editor  of 
the  Milwaukee  Union  Signal,  a  labor 
paper,  in  1904. 

OLIVER  STEELE  —  Was  married  in 
Boston,  Mass.,  Nov.  20,  1802,  to  Mrs. 
Sarah  H.  Boss  of  that  city.  He  was  a 
printer  and  formerly  worked  in  Provi- 
dence. 


LEONARD    L.     STEPHENSON  —  Born 

Gloucester,  N.  Y.,  Feb.  2,  1865  ;  learned 
printing  in  office  of  New  Bedford  Evening 
Standard  ;  worked  in  Providence  from 
1879  to  1882;  he  ran  the  first  linotype 
machine  in  Massachusetts  an.l  claims  "the 
honor  of  being  the  only  'comp'  who  ever 
beat  J.  Harry  West  at  his  own  game  at 
the  copy  box  ;"  employed  on  the  Boston 
Herald  in  1907. 

THOMAS  C.  STEPHENSON  —  Born 
Bristol,  Enghvnd,  Aug.  19,  1854  ;  learned 
printing  in  New  York  Sun  job  office  ; 
worked  in  Providence  from  1879  to  1882  ; 
was  for  many  years  a  successful  master 
printer  in  Boston  ;  now  employed  on  the 
Boston  Herald. 

ALBERT  L.  STEVENS  —  Born  Clare- 
mont,  N.  H.,  Dec.  20,  1861  ;  learned  print- 
ing in  office  of  Claremont  Mfg.  Co.,  begin- 
ning in  October,  1879  ;  worked  in  Man- 
chester, N.  H..  and  Northampton,  Mass.  ; 
initiated  into  Providence  Union  Dec.  31, 
1899. 

CHARLES  H.  STILES  —  Born  New 
York  State  and  learned  printing  tliere. 
He  was  working  on  the  New  York  Times 
in  1870,  and  later  worked  in  Boston,  Mass.. 
whence  he  came  to  Providence  in  April. 
1885.  He  was  a  prime  mover  in  organiz- 
ing Caxton  Assembly,  Knights  of  Labor, 
and  was  a  charter  member.  Afterward  he 
was  prominent  in  Chicago  typographical 
circles.  He  died  in  that  city  May  7,  1900. 
aged  54  years.  He  is  buried  in  No.  16's 
lot  in  Elmwood  Cemetery. 

CHARLES  P.  STILES  —  Born  Rock 
Island,  111..  July  3.  1854;  learned  printing 
at  Aledo,  111.,  beginning  in  1867  ;  initiated 
into  Davenport  (la.)  Union  in  March. 
1872,  and  has  ever  since  been  a  member 
in  good  standing.  He  first  worked  in 
Providence  on  the  Journal  in  1880.  His 
second  visit  was  in  1885,  when  he  worked 
on  the  Telegram.  He  was  a  charter  mem- 
ber of  Caxton  Assembly,  Kniglits  of  Labor, 
composed  exclusively  of  printers ;  em- 
ployed on  Hearst's  Chicago  American  in 
1905. 

EDWIN  STANTON  STINE — Born  Har- 
risburg.  Pa.,  April  19,  1866  ;  began  to 
learn  printing  in  office  of  Leavenworth 
(Kas.)  Daily  Times  in  18.)9;  worked 
mostly  in  West  ;  worked  in  Providence  for 
short  time  in  July,  1906  ;   machine  operator. 

JAMES  A.  STONE  —  Born  Providence 
June  16,  1874  ;  le<irned  printing  in  the 
oflice  of  Chadsey  &  Clarke,  beginning  in 
1890.  He  has  worked  on  the  News,  at 
the  Franklin  Press,  Remington's  and 
Standard  Printing  Co.  He  joined  Provi- 
dence Typographical  Union  April  28,  1901. 

CORNELIUS  STORMEZAND — Born 
Holland  March  15.  1S66;  learned  printing 
in  Cincinnati,  beginning  in  1880;  worked 
in  Providence  on  the  Telegram  from  1892 
to  19  00;  No.  5016  in  New  York  Union 
in   1907. 


LXXXII 


PRINTERS  AND  PRINTING  IN  PROVIDENCE 


JOHN  J.  STRONG — Initiated  into  Provi- 
dence Union  Feb.  8,  1868;  worked  liere 
until  about  1872.  when  he  went  to  Boston 
and  remained  in  that  city  at  work  on  the 
Herald  until  the  spring  of  1896.  Then  he 
returned  and  was  employed  on  the  Jour- 
nal for  a  number  of  years.  Now  resides 
in  Johnston,  R.  I. 

IRVING  J.  STURDY  —  Born  Black- 
stone,  Mass.,  March  26,  1862  ;  began  to 
learn  printing  in  1884  in  the  office  of  the 
Attleboro  Advocate,  and  finished  his  ap- 
prenticeship in  Fairhaven,  Vt.  ;  he  worked 
on  the  Woonsocket  Reporter  for  a  time  ; 
also  in  Providence  with  Livermore  & 
Knight;  admitted  to  No.  33  on  March  30, 
1902,  by  card. 

FRANK  G.  SULLIVAN  —  Born  Provi- 
dence in  1880;  learned  printing  in  Jour- 
nal office,  beginning  in  1901  ;  admitted  to 
No.  33  as  an  apprentice  member  in  1905  ; 
now  employed  in  "ad"  department  of 
Evening  Bulletin. 

GEORGE  B.  SULLIVAN  —  Born  New 
Milford,  Conn.,  June  8,  1867;  first  worked 
at  printing  in  office  of  New  Milford  Ga- 
zette ;  joined  Providence  Union  June  28, 
1885,  and  has  been  continuously  a  mem- 
ber of  the  International  Typographical 
Union  since.  In  Albany,  in  1889,  worked 
on  the  Argus  ;  also  in  the  State  printing 
office  (Lyon's)  ;  also  for  a  short  time 
•  (under  cover)  on  the  Troy  Times,  in  the 
same  year.  The  Times  was  a  non-union 
office  at  that  time  and  no  union  man  was 
allowed  by  the  foreman  to  work  there. 
But  there  were  a  few  union  men  there, 
notwithstanding.  Mr.  Sullivan  has  been 
prominent  in  labor  union  affairs  in  Rhode 
Island.  He  represented  Providence  in 
the  I.  T.  U.  convention  at  Philadelphia  in 
1892;  also  represented  the  State  Federa- 
tion of  Labor  of  Rhode  Island  at  the  Bos- 
ton A.  F.  of  L.  convention  in  1903.  Tliree 
different  years  he  lias  been  President  of 
the  Providence  Central  Labor  Union  and 
one  year  President  of  the  Pawtucket 
Allied  Laljor  Council.  He  has  also  been 
President  of  Typograpliical  Union  No.  33. 
He  has  worked  in  Providence  and  Paw- 
tucket for  the  past  nine  years.  He  re- 
sides in  Pawtucket,  where  he  was  for  two 
years  Councilman  from  the  l''"ourth  Ward 
and  one  year  was  President  of  the  City 
Council.  Now  linot.vpe  operator  on  Eve- 
ning Bulletin.  Mr.  Sullivan  has  been  a 
member  of  the  souvenir  committee  during 
its  existence. 

JEREMI.VH  P.  SULLIVAN— Born 
Proviilence.  R.  I.,  Nov.  2,  1868;  learned 
printing  with  Whittemore  &  Thompson, 
beginning  in  1883  ;  initiated  into  Provi- 
dence Union  Feb.  27,  1887;  worked  for  a 
brief  period  with  J.  A.  &  R.  A.  Reid  ; 
since  July,  18SS,  has  l>een  with  E.  L. 
Freeman  &  Sons,  Central  Falls. 

JOHN   II    S1ILI>IVAN — Born  Providence 

June     II,     !S()9;    learned    iirinting    on    the 


Evening  Bulletin,  beginning  Sept.  6,  1887  ; 
initiated  into  Providence  Union  Aug.  31, 
1890;  has  been  a  linotype  operator  on  tha 
Journal  and  Evening  Bulletin  since  com- 
pleting his  apprenticeship. 

ROBERT  EMMET  SULLIVAN — Born 
Providence  Jan.  23,  1881  ;  served  part  of 
apprenticeship  in  office  of  Evening  Bulle- 
tin ;  initiated  into  Providence  L^nion  June 
28,   1903. 

EDWARD  A.  SUTCLIFFE— Born  Cen- 
tral Falls,  R.  I.  ;  died  Pawtucket,  R.  I., 
Nov.  1,  1903,  aged  37  years;  initiated  into 
Providence  LTnion  June  24,  1888.  His 
father  was  also  a  printer. 

BENONI  SWEET — Born  Coventry,  R.  I., 
March  16,  1840;  learned  printing  in  Phe- 
nix,  R.  I.,  on  the  Kent  County  Atlas,  the 
first  newspaper  published  in  that  county, 
beginning  in  18.')2;  John  B.  Lincoln  was 
editor  and  proprietor ;  worked  in  Provi- 
dence since  1866;  initiated  into  No.  33 
Dec.  11,  1869.  Mr.  Sweet  has  been  famous 
as  a  tight  rope  walker.  He  is  at  present 
"Sweet,  the  Printer,  862  Broad  street." 

EVERETT  H.  SWEET— Born  Worces- 
ter, Mass.,  August,  1858;  died  San  Pedro, 
Cal.,  August,  1893  ;  learned  printing  in 
Providence,   beginning   1879. 

J.  W.  SWEET — Admitted  to  Providence 
Union  by  card  in  1877  and  withdrew  it  the 
same  year.  He  had  travelled  extensively 
and  spent  several  years  in  California. 

NEWTON  J.  SWEET— Born  Attleboro. 
Mass.,  June  21,  1860;  learned  printing  in 
Attleboro,  beginning  in  1877;  worked  in 
Providence  in  1880  ;  bought  Attleboro  Ad- 
vocate January,  1881,  as  E.  H.  Sweet  & 
Co.  ;  started  Attleboro  Daily  Sun  Septem- 
ber, 1889;  now  with  L.  Sweet  &  Co.,  lum- 
ber dealers,  Providence. 

ARTHUR  H.  SWIFT  —  Born  1874; 
learned  pi'intiug  with  Lee  &  Upham,  Paw- 
tucket, beginning  1891  ;  admitted  to  Provi- 
dence Union  by  card  May  31,  1896  ;  worked 
on  Evening  Telegram  and  as  foreman  at 
Pentecostal  Printing  Co.  and  Franklin 
Press;  also  on  Moosup  (C^inn. )  Journal; 
now  foreman   Bi'istol  Plicenix. 

Initiated   Into   Providence   Union    on  Dates 
Named: 

THO.MAS  D.  SWEETLAND,  Nov.  9. 
1S72. 

J.   E.  SAGE.  December,   1892. 

HARRY  L.   SAUNDERS,   Nov.   27.   1892. 

h\  A.  SAWYER,  March  27,  1887;  also 
by  citrd  Jaiuiarv.    1889. 

FRANK  SAVLES,  Oct.  27.  1889  (press- 
man ). 

W.  A.   SEIMS.   Feb.   27.   1898. 

A.   E.   SENTER.  May   10.   1862. 

WILLIAM  SIMMONDS  (a).  Feb.  28. 
1886. 

IIIR.XM   I'\  SM.VRT.   Dec.   11,   1869. 

.M'crSTUS  SMITH,  JR.,  Jan.   29,   1893. 

D.   II.  Sl'OaXlOIl.  Jan.   11,   1873. 


THE  JOURNEYMEN 


LXXXIII 


CHRISTOPHER  SPRATT,  April  20, 188S. 

GEORGE  F.  STACKPOLE,  April  2  it, 
1888.    Reported  died  in  Newark,  N.  J. 

WILLIAM  A.    STEERE,   June   30,    1896. 

ROBERT  H.   STUBBS,  Sept.   28,   1898. 

ALBERT  R.  STURDY,  Jan.   14,   1871. 

CHARLES  STREKER,  April  8,  1874. 

CHARLES  H.  STREKER,  Jan.  31,  1892. 
Member  of  Providence  police  force. 

M.   E.   E.   SWEET,  April  5,   1888. 

WILLIAM  T.  SWINNERTON,  Dec.  9, 
1871. 

Admitted   by   Card   on  Dates  Named: 

G.  W.  SAUNDERS,  August,  1886;  Oc- 
tober,  1886. 

C.  E.    SAYBRS,   April  26,   1896. 
J.  W.  SCHURR,  April,   1886. 

D.  A.    SCRIVER,   October,    1886. 
JOHN  O.   SEBIRE,  June  30,   1901  ;  Dec. 

29,  1901.  Located  at  Wakefield,  R.  I.,  in 
1906. 

WILLIAM  SEXTON,  May.   1886. 

EDWARD  R.  SEYMOUR,  Nov.  28,  1897. 

CHARLES  E.  SHARKEY,  April  23,  1892. 

DANIEL  SHEA,  May  29,  1898. 

JOHN  SHERIDAN,  May  31,   1891. 

HUGH  J.   SHEPARD,  May  26,   189.5. 

T.  P.  SHERMAN,  Dec.  27,  1891. 

JAMES  A.  SHERRILL,  Sept.  30,  1883; 
April  23,  1892. 

R.   C.   SHERWOOD,   Dec.   27,   1903. 

G.   R.  SHORT,  September,   1886. 

FRANK  SKINNER,  April  30,   1884. 

D.   W.   SLOAN,  May  29,   1894. 

ARTHUR  O.   SMALL,  Aug.   29,   1897. 

A.  G.  SMITH,  from.  New  York  July  11, 
1868. 

C.  H.  SMITH,  May  28,  1884.  Reported 
dead. 

FREMONT  SMITH.  July   1,   1883. 

HAMILTON   SMITH,    Sept.    10.    1870. 

STEPHEN  G.   SMITH,  June   10,   186.j. 

WILLIAM  A.  SMITH,  June  25,  1884. 

THOMAS  S.   SNEATH,  Aug.   27,   1884.- 

A.  M.   SNIDER,   September,   1886. 

R.  H.  SPARKS,  June,  1888.  Reported 
dead. 

SAMUEL  SPENCER,  Oct.  9,   1869. 

HARRY  C.   SPRAGUE,  May  31,   1891. 

JAMES   STEELE.   July   9,    1870. 

FRANK  A.  STERETT,  September,  1888. 

FRDERICK  STILL,  from  Utica,  May 
11,   1872. 

WILLIAM  STOCK,  Sept.   24,   1899. 

JOSEPH  F.  STONE,  September,  1883. 

FRANK    W.     STRETTON,     September, 

SIMON  S.   SULLIVAN,  May  29.   1892. 
W.   J.   SULLIVAN,   Aug.    8,    1874. 

Names  Found  in  Directory: 

FREDERICK    SCHUBERT — 18.56. 

WILLIAM  W.  SHAW — 1841  and  1850 
at  15  Market  square;  1847  at  Transcript 
office. 

WALTER  SCOTT  SHERMAN — 184  4  at 
18  Cove  street. 

WILLIAM  F.  SHORT — 1824  at  Journal 
office;  1850  ( S. )  at  15  Market  .square; 
1S54    (F. )   at  Journal  office. 


JOSEPH  SIMMONS — 1844  at  93  Paw- 
tuxet  street. 

SYLVESTER  SIMMONS— 1  847. 

JOSIAH   SNOW— 1828. 

WILLIAM  S.  SPEAR — 1824  and  1826 
over  Market  square. 

JAMES  G.    SPOONER — 1844. 

ROBERT  STILES — 1853  at  84  West- 
minster street. 

WILLIAM  SWEET— 184  4. 

WILLIAM   B.    SWEET      1863. 

Printers    Known    to    Have    Worked   Here: 

JOHN  A.  SCOTT — Initiation  fee  re- 
turned by  the  Union  October,   1884. 

SETH  SIMMONS — 1845  worked  on 
Journal. 

EUGENE  F.  SHIELDS — Learned  trade 
on  Evening  Press  and  immediately  retired 
to  go  into  restaurant  business.    Deceased. 

WILLIAM  SPENCER — Name  in  1870 
constitution. 

FREDERICK  STROBRIDGE — Learned 
trade  on  Republican  Herald. 

E.  SULLIVAN — 1856  worked  on  Jour- 
nal. 

BENJAMIN  H.  SUTTON — 1855  and 
later  ;  pressman  on  Post  and  Herald. 

BOWEN  A.  SWEET — 1856  worked  on 
Journal ;  member  of  Providence  Union 
previous  to  1865. 

WILLIAM  K.  SWEET— Served  in  1st 
Light  Battery  and  Battery  A,  1st  L.  A., 
during  Civil  war. 

E.  FRED  TAYLOR — Applied  for  mem- 
bership in  New  Bedford  Union  September, 
1898.  He  claimed  to  have  worked  In 
Providence  on  the  Visitor. 

JAMES  A.  TAYLOR  —  Died  Detroit, 
Mich..  Feb.  9,  1906,  aged  47  years.  He 
was  admitted  to  Providence  Union  by 
card  Nov.  12,  1884;  was  well  known  in 
Chicago,  where  he  had  been  an  adman  on 
the  Inter-Ocean  for  a  number  of  years. 

WILLIAM  S.  TENNANT — Born  South 
Killingly.  Conn.,  July  1,  1877;  learned 
printing  with  T.  S.  Hammond,  beginnin,^- 
in  1894  ;  initiated  into  Providence  Union 
Oct.    26,    1902. 

IRA  N.  TEW — Born  Taunton,  Mass., 
Jan.  23,  1857.  At  15  years  of  age  he  went 
to  the  trade  in  the  office  of  the  Daily 
Gazette,  Taunton,  Mass.,  and  tinished  in 
the  office  of  the  Bristol  County  Republi- 
can, serving  seven  years  in  all.  Came  to 
Providence  Journal  in  May,  1881.  where 
he  has  worked  continuously  since  as  com- 
positor and  proofreader.  Member  of  King 
David  Lodge  of  Masons,  Taunton.  Alass.. 
and  also  of  the  Masonic  Veteran  Associa- 
tion of  Rhode  Island.  Became  member 
of  Providence  Typographical  Union  Dec. 
27,    1885. 

JEREMIAH  N.  THOMAS— Born  Wick- 
ford,  R.  L,  in  1836;  dietl  North  Provi- 
dence Feb.  9,  1871,  aged  35  years,  9 
months  and  5  days.  He  worked  on  the 
Daily  Post  in  this'  city,  at  A.  Crawford 
Greene's   and    was   foreman   of    Hammond 


LXXXIV 


PRINTERS  AND  PRINTING  IN  PROVIDENCE 


&  Angell's  book  room.  He  was  a  charter 
member  of  Providence  Union  in  1857  and 
its  first  treasurer. 

BENJAMIN  THOMPSON  —  Born  St. 
liOuis,  Mo.,  in  1860;  learned  printing  in 
tiiat  city,  beginning  in  1877  ;  worked  in 
Providence  in  1888-"89  at  Reid's  ;  located 
at  Ritzville,  Washington,   in   1904. 

CLIFFORD  THOMPSON — Born  Charles- 
ton, S.  C,  Oct.  4,  1879;  le-arned  printing 
in  that  city  ;  worked  on  Providence  Eve- 
ning Telegram  in  the  fall  of  1905  ;  now 
located  in  Charleston ;  delegate  to  Hot 
Springs  convention  1907  from  Charleston 
Union,  No.  43  ;  also  its  financial  secretary 
in  1907. 

J.  S.  THOMPSON — Represented  Chicago 
Union  in  the  national  conventions  of  1858 
and  1866,  held  in  Chicago,  and  represented 
Providence  Union  by  proxy.  He  conducted 
a  job  office  in  Chicago  until  his  death. 

W.  E.  THOMPSON  —  Born  Attleboro, 
Mass.  ;  learned  printing  in  the  office  of 
the  Advocate,  published  in  that  town,  be- 
ginning July  6,  1884  ;  worked  in  Provi- 
dence at  J.  A.  &  R.  A.  Reid's  in  1886; 
was  initiated  into  No.  .33  May  27.  1888; 
now  foreman  of  the  Pawtucket  Times. 

FRANK  W.  THURBER — Born  Woon- 
socket,  R.  I.  ;  learned  printing  in  that 
city  on  the  Reporter,  beginning  in  1875  ; 
initiated  into  Providence  Union  April  30, 
1884;  worked  here  in  1880-'81.  Mr.  Thur- 
ber  was  the  first  President  of  Woon- 
socket  Typographical  Union,  holding  the 
office  two  years. 

PHILIP  F.  TIERNEY  — Born  1872; 
learned  printing  on  Evening  Telegram,  be- 
ginning in  1891  ;  applied  for  admission  to 
Providence  Union  May  28,  1905  ;  partici- 
pated in  the  effort  for  the  eight-hour  dav 
in   1906. 

JOHN  TIGER — Died  Fort  Wayne,  Ind.  ; 
he  was  admitted  to  Providence  Union  by 
card  Oct.   12,  1874. 

HENRY  TILDEN  —  Died  Providence 
Dec.  31,  1883,  in  his  76th  year.  He  was 
working  at  printing  in  this  city  in  1856; 
for  a  time  he  conducted  a  job  printing 
office  on  Weybosset  street  and  later  on 
Westminster  street,  near  Turk's  Head. 

WILLIAM  C^OaCxESHALL  TJLLEY  — 
Born  Newport,  R.  I.,  Jan.  20,  1815;  died 
Providence  Aug.  23,  1878.  He  learned  the 
trade  of  printer  in  Newport,  and  at  one 
time  published  the  Republican  in  that  city 
in  comii;iny  witli  William  Callahan,  undei- 
the  lirm  name  of  Callahan  &  Tilley.  In 
IS  17  he  was  marine  reporter  for  tlie 
Providence  Journal;  1853  on  the  Dail.\- 
Post;  1857  he  was  a  Custom  House  officer. 
He  was  buried  at  Newport. 

CHARLES  TILLINGHAST— Was  killed 
at  battle  of  New))erne,  N.  C,  March  1  1. 
1862;  he  enlisted  Sept.  20,  ISGl,  and  w.i.s 
captain  Co.  H,  4th  R.  I.  Vols.  Before  the 
war  lie  worked  at  printing  in  this  cit.v. 


HENRY  L.  TILLINGHAST — Died  Provi- 
dence Feb.  25,  1862,  aged  29  years.  In 
1850  he  was  a  member  of  the  firm  of 
Hill,  Murphy  &  Tillinghast,  pul)lishers  of 
the  Constellation,  at  15  Maiket  S(iuare. 
His  name  is  on  the  1857  charter  of  Provi- 
dence Union. 

JOHN  TILLINGHAST  —  Died  Provi- 
dence Sept.  2,  1876,  in  his  68th  year,  at 
44  Chestnut  street.  He  worked  on  the 
Journal  in  1845  and  later  in  various  print- 
ing offices  in  this  city. 

ROBERT  TINING  —  Died  Providence 
Sept.  9,  1898,  of  consumption,  aged  32 
years.  He  was  initiated  into  Providence 
Union  July  25,  1886. 

WILLIS  TOBIE — Born  Providence,  R. 
I.,  March  21,  1874.  Began  to  learn  the 
printing  trade  at  Post  office  in  Pawtucket 
March  4,  1896,  finishing  in  the  Providence 
Journal  office  in  1900.  During  his  appren- 
ticeship he  enlisted  for  the  Spanish  war 
in  Battery  A,  1st  R.  I.  V.  A.,  April  25, 
1898,  and  was  mustered  out  Oct.  25  of 
the  same  year.  He  has  been  employed  in 
the  Journal  office  since  finishing  his  ap- 
prenticeship. 

SEABURY  SOULE  TOMPKINS  —  Died 
Pawtucket,  R.  I.,  April  10,  1894,  aged  62 
years,  1  month  and  2  8  days.  He  was  born 
in  that  town  and  at  the  age  of  15  was 
apprenticed  to  the  printing  business  in 
the  Gazette  and  Chronicle  office  under 
Robert  Sherman.  In  1855  and  later  he 
was  compositor  and  ship  news  collector  on 
the  Providence  Post.  March  12,  1864,  he 
was  initiated  into  Providence  LTnion.  Mr. 
Tompkins  worked  at  his  trade  in  Phila- 
delphia several  years,  and  from  that  city, 
between  the  >'ears  1871  and  1874,  he 
wrote  a  series  of  letters  under  tlie  title 
of  "Rhode  Islander"  for  the  Gazette  and 
Chronicle.  He  returned  to  Pawtucket  in 
the  latter  year  and  worked  in  the  com- 
posing room  of  the  Providence  Journal 
until  1875,  when  he  became  Pawtucket 
cori-espondent  of  the  Press  and  Star,  re- 
taining that  position  until  those  papers 
suspended.  When  the  Pawtucket  Times 
was  started  he  became  a  local  reporter 
on  tliat  paper,  and  was  also  correspond- 
ent for  Pawtucket  for  the  Boston  Sunday 
Herald.  He  continued  active  newspaper 
work  until  about  one  year  before  his  death. 

WILLIAM  E.  TOURTELLOT  —  Born 
Woonsocket  July  26,  1847.  He  learned 
printing  in  the  office  of  the  Woonsocket 
Patriot,  beginning  in  1863;  initiated  into 
Providence  Union  Oi't.  10,  1868;  worked 
nil  the  Evening  Press  and  Journal  until 
iss.i,  when  he  went  to  New  Bedford. 
where  lie  is  at  present  employeil  in  the 
ottitc  n{  the  IC\e!iiiig  Standard. 

.lOlIN  F.  TRACV — Ap|)Iie<l  for  a.lmis- 
.-iun  to  Hartford  ((^)nn.)  Union  May,  1902; 
he  was  boiii  In  1873  ;  had  worked  at  pi'lnt- 
liig  in  Philadelphia,  Proxidence  and  Boston. 


THE  JOURNEYMEN 


LXXXV 


PATRICK  J.  TRIGGS — Died  Providence- 
May  13,  1887,  aged  29  years;  he  learned 
printing  at  Hammond,  Angell  &  Co.'s  and 
worked  as  a  journeyman  in  tliat  office. 

SAMUEL  T.  B.  TRIMMER — Died  New 
Yorli  city  in  1893.  He  was  initiated  into 
Providence  Union  June  9,  1873;  worlted 
on  tlie  Journal  and  Morning  Star.  He  was 
a  native  of  New  Jersey. 

BEN    C.    TRUMAN     (Major) — Born    of 
an     old     Colonial     family     in     Providence, 
R.    I.,    Oct.    25,    183.5.     He   graduated   from 
the  high  school  and  was  further  educated 
at    the    Shaker    village    of    East    Canter- 
bury,   N.    H.,    until,    at   the   age   of    17,    he 
was    appointed    principal    of    the    district 
school  in  that  town.    In   1853   he   returned 
to  Providence,   learned  to  set  type   in  the 
Mirror  office,   where   he  worked  until   No- 
vember,   1854,    when    he    went    to    Boston 
and  clerked  and  wrote  stories  for  weekly 
papers.      In    1855    he    went    to    New    York 
and  set  type  and  read  proof  for  the  New 
York    Times    for    five    years.      He    repre- 
sented   New    York    Union    as    delegate    in 
the  national   convention   of   1858.     In   1860 
he    went    to    Philadelphia    as    correspond- 
ent for  the   New  York   Clipper,   and  as  a 
writer     on      the      Sunday     Mercury     and 
Forney's    Press.      He    also   wrote    for    the 
theatres    and    other    playhouses    of    Phila- 
delphia,   and   composed   a   number   of   war 
songs  and  war   farces   in    1861.    His  writ- 
ings  now   attracted   the   attention   of   Col. 
John   W.    Forney,    who   made    him    a   war 
correspondent    of    his    paper.       In    March, 
1862,    when    Andrew    Johnson    was    made 
Military    Governor    of    Tennessee,    he    se- 
lected Truman  as  one  of  his  staff  officers 
and    confidential    secretary,    with    rank    of 
captain.       Truman    also    acted    as    corre- 
spondent   of    the    Philadelphia    Press    and 
New    York    Times    until    the    close    of    the 
war.      He   was   elected   the   first   major  of 
the    first    loyal    white    regiment    raised    in 
middle  Tennessee,  and  was  assistant  pro- 
vost marshal  of  Nashville  for  a  long  time. 
And   although   he    remained   with   Johnson 
until   the    end   of   the   war,    he   often   went 
into   the   field   and   served   on   the   staff   of 
Gen.    James    S.    Negley    at    the   battle    of 
Stone     River,     on     Gen.     John     H.     King's 
staff  in  all  the  battles  of  the  Atlanta  cam- 
paign, and  at  Missionary  Ridge,   and  with 
Gen.    Kenner    Garrard    at    the    battles    of 
Spanish      Fort,      Mobile      and      Blakeley. 
Shortly    after    the    assassination    of    Mr. 
Lincoln,  President  Johnson  appointed  Tru- 
man     his     confidential     secretary,     which 
position    he    held    for    18    months,    during 
which    period    he    spent    eight    months    in 
the   Southern   States  as  a  special  commis- 
sioner  to   aid   in   Johnson's   scheme   of   re- 
construction,    and    two    other    months    in 
Florida  and  South  Carolina  rectifying  the 
flagrant    abuses    of    the    direct    tax    com- 
missioners for  those  two  States.      He  was 
subsequently    appointed    special    agent    of 
the    Treasury    Department    and    sent    to 
Europe.      Upon    his    return    the    President 
appointed    Truman    major   and    paymaster 


in  the  regular  army.  Truman  had  signi- 
fied a  wish  for  some  good  place  that 
would  take  him  to  the  Pacific  coast,  and 
a  special  agency  of  the  Postoffice  De- 
partment was  created  for  him  that  gave 
him  jurisdiction  from  Alaska  to  Mexico. 
This  position  he  held  for  about  three 
years,  during  which  time  he  visited 
China,  Japan,  Alaska,  Mexico  and  the 
Sandwich  Islands.  At  the  expiration  of 
his  term  of  office  he  married,  in  Decem- 
ber, 1869,  Miss  Augusta  Mallard  of  Los 
Angeles,  and  went  to  Washington  as  cor- 
respondent of  the  New  York  Times  and 
San  Francisco  Bulletin.  In  July,  1870, 
he  returned  and  was  appointed  Census 
Mar.shal  of  San  Diego  county,  and  became 
editor  and  part  proprietor  of  the  San 
Diego  Bulletin.  In  February,  1872,  he 
moved  to  Los  Angeles  and  became  editor 
of  the  Los  Angeles  Express.  In  July, 
1873,  he  purchased  the  Daily  and  Weekly 
Star  of  Los  Angeles,  and  made  it  a 
great  paper  for  that  day,  and  sold  it  to 
his  printers  in  October,  1877,  and  was 
again  appointed  special  agent  of  the  Post- 
office  Department  for  the  Pacific  coast. 
This  office  he  held  during  the  year  1878, 
and  in  1879  he  accepted  the  position  of 
chief  of  the  literary  bureau  of  the  South- 
ern Pacific  Co.,  which  he  held  for  eleven 
years,  residing  in  San  Francisco.  In 
1890  he  went  to  Chicago  and  took  charge 
of  a  Southern  California  exhibit  for  the 
Santa  Fe  Railroad  Co.,  where  he  re- 
mained for  two  years,  when  he  was  ap- 
pointed, in  1892,  assistant  chief  of  fiori- 
culture  of  the  World's  Fair  at  Chicago, 
after  which  he  returned  to  Los  Angeles 
and  was  for  four  years  editor  of  the 
Graphic.  In  1899  he  was  appointed  a 
commissioner  from  California  to  the  Paris 
Exposition  of  1900,  and  afterward  visited 
the  Holy  Land,  Egypt,  Algiers  and  Mo- 
rocco as  correspondent  of  the  San  Fran- 
cisco Chronicle  and  Los  Angeles  Graphic. 
Maj.  Truman  is  highly  spoken  of  in  Ap- 
pleton's  Biography  and  a  list  of  his  best 
books  is  given.  He  wrote  "Campaign- 
ing in  Tennessee"  in  1863;  "The  South 
After  the  War"  in  1866;  "Semi-Tropical 
California"  in  1874  ;  "Occidental  Sketches" 
in  1881;  "Monterey"  in  1882;  "Tourists' 
Guide  to  the  Summer  and  Winter  Resorts 
in  California"  in  1883;  "Homes  and  Hap- 
piness in  California"  and  the  "Field  of 
Honor"  in  1884  ;  "From  the  Crescent  City 
to  the  Golden  Gate"  in  1886;  "Pictorial 
History  of  the  World's  Fair"  in  1893, 
and  "See  How  It  Sparkles"  in  1896.  He 
wrote  a  five-act  play  for  the  Webb  Sis- 
ters called  "Life,"  and  he  dramatized 
"Enoch  Arden"  for  Edwin  Adams.  He 
was  for  a  while  night  editor  of  the  Phila- 
delphia Press  and  managing  editor  of  the 
Washington  Chronicle.  He  established 
the  San  Francisco  Wave  and  owned  and 
edited  it  for  several  years.  Our  old  Provi- 
dence printer  is  at  present  editor  of  the 
Graphic  in  Los  Angeles,  where  he  lives 
under  his  own  vine  and  fig  tree,  and  is 
well  remembered  by  many  a  Providence 
printer    who    knew    him    in    the    50's    as 


LXXXVI 


PRINTERS  AND  PRINTING  IN  PROVIDENCE 


"Shaker,"  which  nickname  he  carried  witli 
him  to  Boston  and  New  York  and  wliich 
remained  witli  him  so  long  as  he  re- 
mained at  tlie  case. 

HENRY  TRUMBULL — Born  Stoning- 
ton.  Conn.,  Nov.  16,  1781.  Probably  he 
learned  printing  in  his  native  town  with 
a  kinsman  wlio  conducted  a  printing  office 
there  when  Mr.  Trumbull  was  of  an  age 
to  be  apprenticed.  The  first  number  of 
the  Providence  Directory  (1824)  con- 
tained his  name.  His  printing  office  was 
located  at  26  and  34  High  street,  now 
Westminster  street.  Between  1836  and 
1838  he  removed  to  Brooklyn,  N.  Y., 
where  he  died  Aug.  14,  1842.  He  was 
buried   in   Stonington. 

PETER  J.  TRUMPLER — Served  a  regu- 
lar apprenticeship  in  the  printing  office 
of  L.  D.  Meyers  &  Bro.  of  Mansfield,  O., 
publishers  of  the  Mansfield  Herald  ;  came 
to  Providence  in  1866  and  obtained  em- 
ployment on  the  Journal  and  Bulletin  in 
the  double  capacity  of  pressman  and  com- 


I'KTKR   .1.    TRU.MPLER. 

positor.  At  that  time  the  fir.^t  and  second 
editions  of  tlie  Bulletin  were  inin  off  on 
a  single  cylinder  by  Mr.  Trumplor.  while 
the  postscript  was  printed  on  a  double 
cylinder,  operated  by  Messrs.  Trumpler 
and  John  Holiday.  Of  the  employes  of 
the  Journal  and  Bulletin  in  1866,  Mr. 
Trumpler  recalls  as  living  only  William 
J.  Danielson  of  the  IJanlelson  Advt>rtis- 
ing  Agency  ;  Louis  P.  Clark,  manufactur- 
ing jeweler ;  William  M.  Peckham,  Over- 
seer of  the  Poor,  Pawtucket ;  Henry  R. 
Davis,  secretary  of  the  Journal  (^o.,  and 
James  Muspratt.  Mr.  Trumpler  after- 
ward   accepted    the    foreman.slilp    of     llie 


pressroom  of  the  Evening  Press  and  later 
was  assistant  foreman  of  the  composing 
room  of  that  paper,  where  he  remained 
until  1872,  when,  in  partnership  with 
Charles  E.  Burchfleld.  he  established  a 
printing  office  and  began  the  publication 
of  "Yours."  Afterward  he  printed  the 
"Odd  Fellows  Register,"  the  first  and 
only  official  organ  of  the  Grand  Lodge  of 
Rliode  Island,  I.  O.  O.  F.  The  office  was 
located  at  the  corner  of  Orange  and 
Westminster  streets.  In  1873  he  entered 
a  partnership  known  as  Reynolds,  Mac- 
kinnon  &  Trumpler,  uniting  two  printing 
offices.  It  was  located  in  the  Calender 
building,  Sabin  street.  Later  he  retired 
from  the  firm  and  was  connected  with  the 
Sunday  Transcript.  From  1880  to  1889 
Mr.  Trumpler  was  business  manager  of 
the  Evening  Telegram,  and  in  that  posi- 
tion demonstrated  remarkable  ability.  A 
great  portion  of  the  success  of  the  Tele- 
gram during  that  period  was  due  to  the 
efforts  of  Mr.  Trumpler.  In  1890,  in  part- 
nership with  David  O.  Black,  the  Paw- 
tucket Evening  Times  was  purchased  of 
George  O.  Willard.  A  modern  newspa- 
per equipment  was  installed  in  the  Times 
office  and  another  remarkable  success  was 
achieved  in  Pawtucket.  The  Times  was 
sold  to  a  Providence  syndicate  in  1904. 
In  May,  1906,  Mr.  Trumpler  assumed  the 
business  management  of  the  Providence 
News,  changed  the  name  to  that  of  the 
News-Democrat,  and  caused  the  paper  to 
espouse  the  cause  of  clean  government. 
Mr.  Trumpler  was  the  victim  of  an  un- 
fortunate automobile  accident  in  October, 
1906,  which  has  compelled  him  practically 
to  retire  from  his  accustomed  activity. 
He  was  initiated  into  Providence  Typo- 
graphical Union,  No.  33,  Dec.  12,  1868. 
and  wlien  he  became  an  employing  printer 
his  name  was  placed  on  its  honorary  roll. 

FREDERICK  J.  TULLY— Born  Provi- 
dence Aug.  12,  1876  ;  began  as  apprentice 
in  the  office  of  the  Telegram  March,  1892  : 
admitted  to  the  Union  April,  1896;  at 
present  employed  as  operator  in  the  com- 
posing room  of  the  Journal. 

W.  H.  TUPPER — Born  Kankakee,  111.. 
July  10,  1864;  learned  printing  in  that 
city  and  Joliet,  111.,  beginning  in  1876  ; 
admitted  to  Providence  Union  by  card  at 
the  October  meeting.  1886;  in  Seattle, 
Wash.,   in   1904. 

ANDREW  TITRNBULL— Born  Prince 
Edward  Island  in  1853;  learned  printing 
In  Fredericton,  N.  B.,  beginning  in  1865; 
worked  in  Providence  in  1880;  at  present 
in  Wasliington,   D.  C. 

GEORGE  W.  TURNER— Born  Middle- 
town,  N.  Y.,  in  1862;  began  to  learn 
printing  in  that  town,  Hnisliing  his  ap- 
prenticeship on  the  Providence  Journal  : 
was  initiated  into  Providence  Union  April 
8,   1883;  now  located  in  New  York  city. 

THOMAS  W.  TURNER— Born  Middle- 
town,  N.  Y.,  Aug.   17,   1860;  learned  print- 


THE  JOURNEYMEN 


LXXXVII 


ing  trade  on  the  Providence  Journal,  be- 
ginning in  1872  ;  admitted  to  Providence 
Union  by  card  Marcli  2  7,  1884  ;  has  been 
an  extensive  traveller  ;  visited  Providence 
in   May,    1904. 

WALTER  S.  TURNEY  —  Born  Provi- 
dence Nov.  28,  1866  ;  learned  printing  in 
the  office  of  J.  A.  &  R.  A.  Reid,  begin- 
ning in  1884.  At  the  outbreak  of  the 
Spanish  war  he  enlisted  in  the  1st  R.  I. 
Vol.  Inf.,  May  2,  1898 ;  commissioned 
second  lieutenant  May  10,  1898,  and 
remained  with  the  regiment  until  it  was 
mustered  out,  March  31,  1899.  He  was 
initiated  into  Providence  Union  March  31, 
1901. 

DENNIS  A.  TYRRELL  —  Born  Provi- 
dence May  18,  1869  ;  learned  printing  at 
office  of  E.  A.  Johnson  &  Co.,  beginning 
in  1885,  where  he  is  at  present  employed; 
initiated  into  No.   33  June  26,  1892. 

Initiated    Into    Providence    Typographical 
Union  on  Dates  Named: 

CHARLES  R.  TEXIDO,  Feb.  26,  1893. 
Admitted  to  Union  Printers'  Home  from 
New  York  city  Jan.  13,  1906,  then  65 
years. 

CHARLES   THOMPSON,   Jan.    11,    1868. 

H.   L.   THOMPSON,   Feb.   28,   1886. 

R.   F.   THOMPSON.   Sept.    13,   1862. 

FREDERICK  TIDMARSH  (stereo- 
typer),  Feb.  26,  1888.  Died  suddenly  in 
Boston   in    1907. 

JOSIE  M.  TILLINGHAST  (Miss),  Jan. 
31,  1886. 

JOHN  TONER,    Feb.    26,    1893. 

Admitted   bp   Card   on   Dates   Named: 

THOMAS  TEED,  April  30,  1884.  Re- 
ported in   Nova   Scotia. 

W.  R.  TEMPLEMAN,  June,  1886.  Now 
employed  on   Boston  American. 

O.  P.   THOMPSON,  February,   1886. 

J.  C.  TODMAN,  August,  1889. 

F.   H.   TOWNE,  Dec.   18,    1892. 

WILLIAM  J.  TRAINOR.  March  27,  1884. 

H.  H.  TUCKER,  from  Harrisburg,  Pa., 
Nov.    13,    1869. 

H.  W.  TURRELL,  from  Louisville,  Ky., 
Oct.    12,   1867. 

Names  Pound  in  Directory : 

DAVID  B.  TAYLOR— 1844  to  1856 
worked   at  Journal   office. 

BENJAMIN  P.  THURBER  —  1832; 
(widow's  name  in  Directory,    1841). 

CHRISTOPHER  E.  THURSTON — 1850 
worked    at    Republican    Herald    office. 

STEPHEN    H.    TILLINGHAST — 1860. 

MILES  B.  TOBEY — ^1828  worked  at 
Canal  Market;   1830  at  12  Market  square. 

Printers   Known    to    Have    Worked   Here: 

JOHN  TANNER — On  Telegram  in  the 
80's. 

JAMES  THOMPSON — At  R.  I.  Print- 
ing Co. 

JACK  TRIPP  —  Worked  on  Journal; 
murdered   in  New  York. 


SAMUEL  ULMAN  —  Born  Milwaukee, 
Wis.,  Sept.  1,  1861.  He  learned  the  print- 
ing trade  on  the  Herold,  a  German  paper 
published  in  that  city,  beginning  in  1874. 
His  first  work  in  Providence  was  on  the 
Telegram,  March  26,  1904,  and  he  was 
admitted  to  membership  in  the  Union  at 
the  meeting  next  day. 

LESTER  W.  UPHAM — Born  Pawtucket 
June  22,  1858  ;  learned  printing  in  Provi- 
dence, beginning  in  1878  ;  worked  here 
until  1880;  senior  partner  of  Chronicle 
Printing  Co.,   Pawtucket,   R.   I.,   in   1907. 

CHARLES  UREN— Initiated  into  Provi- 
dence Union  Feb.   26,   1893. 

LYMAN  UPHAM  (Deputy  Sheriff)  — 
Learned  the  printing  trade. 

ALBERT  M.  VANCE  —  Born  Provi- 
dence July  9,  1867  ;  learned  printing  at 
Rumford  Chemical  Works,  where  he  is 
now  employed  ;  has  worked  at  Livermore 
&  Knight's  and  Snow  &  Farnham's. 

WILLIAM  HENRY  VINAL — Born  Sul- 
livan county,  N.  Y..  Oct.  10,  1856;  learned 
printing  in  office  of  Providence  Press  Co., 
beginning  in  March,  1873  ;  worked  in 
Providence  until  189  8,  with  J.  A.  &  R.  A. 
Reid  nine  years  and  Snow  &  Farnham 
four  years  ;  initiated  into  No.  33  April  5, 
1888;  located  at  Jamaica  Plain,  Mass., 
in   1904. 

NATHAN  HULL  VINCENT  —  Born 
Westerly,  R.  L,  Sept.  24,  1866  ;  learned 
printing  on  the  New  York  Tribune,  be- 
ginning in  1888  ;  worked  on  the  Provi- 
dence Journal  as  a  linotype  operator ; 
now  employed  on  the  New  York  Tribune. 

JOHN  W.  VOSE  —  Died  Providence 
Nov.  12,  1847,  in  his  37th  year.  His 
name  appears  in  the  Directory  of  1832 
as  a  printer.  Feb.  1,  1839,  he  became  a 
partner  with  Joseph  Knowles  in  publish- 
ing the  Journal  and  continued  in  the  firm 
until  his  death. 

Initiated  Into  Providence   Union  on  Dates 
Named: 

HERMAN  VAN  VECHTER,  July  9, 1870. 
J.    H.    VBRDINE.    July    29,    1888.     Died 
at   Howard,    R.    I.,   October,    1907. 

Admitted   by   Card   on   Dates  Named: 

,      ED.   S.   VANCE,   October,    1888. 

C.   H.   VANNE,   July,    1887. 

ISRAEL  VARNEY,  from  Boston  May 
14,    1859  ;    rejected. 

C.   C.  VANSANT,   Sept.   30,   1883. 

R.   H.  VAN  ZANDT,   March,    1887. 

FRANK  VIBBERT,  Aug.   8,   1863. 

Names  from   Providence  Directory: 
CHARLES   W.    VARNEY — 1859. 
C.     H.     VESINA — 1854     worked    at     15 
Market   square. 

WILLIAM  S.  VINTON — 1859  to  1863. 

N.  C.  WADDILL  —  Born  Lynchburg. 
Va.,   March   28,    1848;   learned   printing  in 


LXXXVIII 


PRINTERS  AND  PRINTING  IN  PROVIDENCE 


that  city,  beginning  in  1860;  worked  in 
Providence  a  short  while  in  1883;  located 
in  South  McAlester,   Okla.,  in   1904. 

CHARLES  V.  WAGNER — Born  Colum- 
bus. O.,  Oct.  20,  1862;  learned  printing 
in  that  city,  beginning  in  February,  1879  ; 
admitted  to  Providence  Union  July,  1886. 
"Carried  the  memory  of  that  prohibition 
summer  with  me  ever  since  ;  carried  my 
Providence  card  to  Helena,  Mont.,  before 
it  was  deposited."  Located  in  Cincinnati, 
on  the  Commercial-Tribune,  in  1904. 

MEYRICK  WAITES — Although  a  mem- 
ber of  Providence  Typographical  Union 
for  only  15  months,  during  that  period 
he  took  a  most  active  part,  not  onl>'  in 
craft  affairs,  but  in  all  matters  pertain- 
ing to  organized  labor  in  general.  Mr. 
Waites  deposited  a  New  York  card  here 
in  July,  1883.  His  marked  intelligence 
and  ability  was  soon  recognized,  and  at 
the  annual  election  in  December  of  the 
same  year  he  was  elected  to  the  office  of 
President.  His  aggressiveness  in  the 
labor  movement  soon  became  evident,  for 
at  the  January,  1884,  meeting  he  moved 
for  the  appointment  of  a  committee  to 
establish  a  Central  Labor  Union.  To  Mr. 
Waites,  therefore,  belongs  the  credit  of  in- 
stituting the  R.  I.  Central  Labor  Union, 
now  known  as  the  Central  Trades  and  Labor 
Union,  for,  as  a  re-sult  of  his  motion  and 
the  intelligent  efforts  he  put  forth,  such  a 
body  was  organized.  He  was  also  instru- 
mental in  securing  the  presence  here  of 
the  late  Gen.  B.  F.  Butler  and  other 
prominent  men  to  address  the  first  or- 
ganized labor  rally,  which  was  held  at 
Rocky  Point  in  1884.  His  term  of  office 
was  both  an  exciting  and  progressive  one. 
He  resigned  his  office  of  President  in 
September,  1884,  and  went  to  Boston, 
where  he  was  widely  known  and  es- 
teemed. There  he  continued  to  take  an 
active  interest  in  Typographical  Union 
affairs  and  was  elected  by  No.  13  chair- 
man of  the  Boston  delegation  to  the  Buf- 
falo convention.  He  worked  on  tlie  Rec- 
ord in  Boston  until  his  death  In  that  city, 
June  15,  1894.  Mr.  Waites  was  a  native 
of  Gloucestershire,  England.  Before  com- 
ing to  Providence  Mr.  Waites  was  promi- 
nently connected  with  the  unionizing  of 
the  New  York  World. 

BURT  W.  WALKER — Born  Clinton, 
Mass.,  March  15,  1856;  learned  printing 
in  office  of  Southbridge  Journal,  begin- 
ning in  1870;  worked  in  Providence  on 
tlie  Evening  Press  at  the  time  of  the  big 
fire  in  that  office,  when  part  of  the  rear 
wall  fell  in  ;  on  Telegram  when  pub- 
lished by  Corbett  &  Eddy  ;  on  Journal 
wliile.  Merrill  was  foreman  ;  on  tlic  New 
York  American  and  Journal   in   1904. 

HUGH  WALLACE  — Came  to  Provi- 
dence from  England  In  the  latter  end  of 
1886;  worked  on  Journal  until  April  27, 
1887,  when  he  returned  to  England.  He 
died  in  Liverpool. 


JOHN  WALSH  —  Born  county  Limer- 
ick, Ireland,  in  1841  ;  learned  printing 
with  A.  Crawford  Greene,  Providence,  be- 
ginning in  1859  ;  initiated  into  Pro\  ideme 
Union  July  9,  1864  ;  worked  on  Morning 
Star  and  Weekly  Visitor. 

JOHN  P.  WALSH  —  Born  Worcester, 
Mass.,  June  28,  1865;  learned  printing  in 
that  city,  beginning  in  1882;  admitted  to 
Providence  Union  by  card  at  the  April 
meeting,  1886;  located  in  New  York  city 
in  1904. 

THOMAS  E.  WALSH — Died  Providence 
at  the  R.  I.  Hospital  June  1,  1906,  aged 
29  years.  He  learned  printing  on  the 
Evening  Bulletin,  beginning  Nov.  21,  1893, 
but  left  the  business  about  two  years 
after  becoming  a  journeyman. 

WALTER  FRANCIS  WALSH  —  Born 
Dublin,  Ireland,  May  8,  1866;  learned 
printing  in  Fall  River,  Mass.  ;  admitted 
to  Providence  Union  by  card  at  the  March 
meeting,  1886  ;  worked  in  this  city  on  the 
Star,  Telegram  and  Dispatch  ;  was  in  the 
strike  on  the  latter  paper  in  1889;  has 
been  located  in  New  Haven  since  that 
year ;  has  been  President  of  the  Union 
there  and  served  on  the  executive  com- 
mittee and  as  delegate  to  State  Federa- 
tion of  Labor  in  1900.  In  politics  Mr. 
Walsh  has  been  member  of  the  Common 
Council  of  New  Haven  three  times  and 
director  of  the  Public  Librarj'  two  years. 

CHARLES  SETTLE  WARD  —  Born 
Warrenton,  Va.,  Sept.  28,  1866;  learned 
printing  at  Harrisonburg,  Va.  ;  worked  in 
Providence  in  1887  and  also  in  1889;  ad- 
mitted to  No.  33  by  card  April,  1887; 
employed  on  the  Boston   Post   in   1904. 

FAUCETTE  E.  WARD — Born  Amherst, 

N.  S.,  Aug.  12,  1865,  and  learned  printing 
in  that  town,  beginning  in  18S1;  initiated 
into  Providence  Union  Jan.  31,  1886,  but 
worked  here  only  a  short  time  ;  was  em- 
ployed on  the  Pawtucket  Times  when  it 
started,  and  was  a  charter  member  of 
Pawtucket  Union  ;  employed  on  the  Bos- 
ton Globe  in  1907. 

GUY  B.  WARD— Died  New  York  city. 
He  was  a  native  of  Oliio  :  admitted  to 
Providence  Union  by  card  July  30,  1SS4; 
worked  on  the  Telegram  and  Morning  Star. 

JAMES  A.  WARD — Was  a  member  of 
Providence  LTnion  before  1865;  was  fore- 
man of  the  Daily  Post  in  1863  ;  served 
in  the  Civil  war  from  June  8.  1861.  to 
March  3,  1862;  1st  Sergt.,  Co.  E.,  2d  R.  I. 
Inf. 

EDWARD  G.  W.VRN'IOR— Horn  Rristol. 
R.  I.,  May  6,  1876;  learned  trade  with 
Taylor  Card  and  Printing  Co.,  I'rovidence, 
beginning  in  1894  ;  admitted  to  Union  b.v 
card  O't.  5,  1903  ;  now  employed  on  Trib- 
une. 

WILLI. \M  W.\RNER— Horn  Pii.vi.ience 
Jan.    21,    1S65;    learnt>d    priiilinn    in    Tele- 


THE  JOURNEYMEN 


LXXXIX 


gram  office  ;  transferred  to  active  list  in 
Providence  Union  Sept.  1,  1888;  worked 
in  Providence  until  1894,  mostly  as  a 
linotype  operator  on  the  Journal  ;  from 
1894  to  1906  employed  on  the  .  Boston 
Herald. 

HARRY  L.  WARREN  —  Born  James- 
town, N.  Y.,  Nov.  23,  1866;  learned  print- 
ing at  Fredonia,  N.  Y.,  beginning  in  1890; 
initiated  into  Buffalo  Union  in  1885  ; 
worked  in  Providence  in  1890  ;  located  on 
the  New  York  American  and  Journal  in 
1904. 

JOHN  WATERMAN  (Captain)  — Died 
Providence  Feb.  7,  1777,  in  the  49th  year 
of  his  age.  He  was  originally  a  sailor, 
but  left  the  sea  and  built  a  paper  mill  on 
the  Woonasquatucket  river,  near  Provi- 
dence, after  the  Gazette  office  was  estab- 
lished. In  1769  he  purchased  a  press  and 
types  and  opened  the  second  printing 
office  in  this  town,  near  his  paper  mill. 
The  Gazette  said  of  him  :  "He  sustained 
through  life  the  best  of  characters,  viz., 
that  of  an  honest  man,  .  .  .  and  his 
great  ingenuity  and  mechanical  abilities 
render  his  death  a  real  loss  to  the  pub- 
lic." 

JOSEPH  BROWN  WATERMAN  (print- 
er), son  of  Asuel  Waterman — Died  in 
Johnston,  R.  I.,  Friday,  Sept.  10,  1824,  in 
the  2 2d  year  of  his  age. — Rhode  Island 
American,  Jan.   27,   1824. 

WILLIAM  J.  WATERS — Born  Nov.  25, 
1888,  in  Providence  ;  learned  printing  on 
Howard  Times,  beginning  in  1902  ;  joined 
effort  for  eight-hour  day  in  1906  ;  he  had 
been  placed  in  a  book  and  .iob  office  in 
this  citj;'  by  the  institution  officials,  but 
left  and  joined  Providence  Union  ;  now 
located  in  Massachusetts. 

GEORGE  W.  WATKINS— Born  Ports- 
mouth, N.  H.,  Nov.  29,  1842  ;  learned 
printing  in  that  city,  beginning  in  1859  ; 
admitted  to  Providence  Union  by  card 
Sept.  9,  1865  ;  worked  in  this  city  about 
one  year.  "Thought  Providence  a  nice 
town.  Was  never  tired  (being  a  hay- 
seed) of  counting  the  banks.  One  of  the 
first  questions  I  asked  was :  'For  God's 
sake,  how  many  banks  are  there  in  this 
town?'  "  Mr.  Watkins  is  a  proofreader  on 
the  New  York  Times.  Has  been  em- 
ployed there  about  40  years. 

FRANK  L.  WATSON — Born  Biddeford, 
Me.,  May  12,  1859  ;  learned  printing  in 
that  city,  beginning  in  1877  ;  admitted  to 
Providence  Union  by  card  at  the  April 
meeting,  1886  ;  also  at  the  May  meeting, 
1889  ;  worked  at  Johnson's,  on  the  Direc- 
tory, and  on  the  Telegram ;  now  proof- 
reader on  New  York  Tribune. 

J.  M.  WATSON  —  Born  Philadelphia, 
Pa.,  June  30,  1861  ;  learned  printing  in 
that  city  ;  worked  in  Providence,  R.  I., 
during  Easter  week,  1888  :  now  located  in 
Baltimore,  Md. 


EDWARD  G.  WEAVER — Born  Wash- 
ington, D.  C,  June  22,  1860;  learned 
stereotyping  in  tliat  city,  beginning  in 
1882  ;  worked  in  Washington  on  the  Star, 
Post,  National  Republican  and  Congres- 
sional Record  ;  came  to  Providence  in 
1890,  and  has  worked  on  the  Journal 
since;  initiated  into  No.   33  Aug.   31,  1890. 

SAMUEL  J.  WEAVER  —  Born  Pough- 
keepsie,  N.  Y.,  Aug.  23,  1873;  learned 
printing  on  the  Evening  Enterprise  of 
that  city,  beginning  in  1886  ;  worked  in 
Providence  on  the  News  in  1897  ;  fore- 
man in  Millerton,  N.  Y.,  in  1905. 

CLEMENT  WEBSTER — Born  Kenne- 
bunk.  Me.,  in  1817.  At  the  age  of  16 
he  entered  the  office  of  the  Saco  Demo- 
crat as  an  apprentice.  Before  the  e.\- 
piration  of  his  apprenticeship  he  came  to 
this  State.  Here  he  commenced  his  career 
in  connection  with  Mr.  Beers  of  Paw- 
tucket  in  publishing  the  "Lily  of  the 
Valley."  He  returned  to  Maine  in  the 
course  of  two  years,  and  shortly  after 
commenced  the  publication  of  the  York 
County  Herald  in  Saco,  in  connection 
with  his  brother.  Dr.  Stephen  Webster. 
In  a  few  years  he  returned  to  this  State. 
Upon  the  establishment  of  the  Daily  Post 
in  1850,  Mr.  Webster  occupied  the  posi- 
tion of  editor.  In  1853,  '54  and  '55  he 
was  editor  of  the  Temperance  Advocate. 
In  1856  he  returned  to  the  Post,  occu- 
pying the  editorial  chair  until  a  few 
months  before  his  death,  which  occurred 
Oct.  16,  1864.  The  Post  said  at  the  time 
of  his  death :  "None  will  be  more  ready 
to  concede  his  strength  of  mind,  force  of 
language  and  fullness  of  resource  than 
those  with  whom  he  came  in  conflict  in 
the  political  struggles  of  State.  Trenchant 
in  style,  direct  in  argument,  few  men 
cliose  to  expose  theniselves  unnecessarily 
to  the  power  of  his  ridicule  or  sarcasm. 
The  strife  of  parties  and  the  ascerbities 
of  politics  never  soured  his  temper,  or 
rendered  vindictive   his   disposition." 

GEORGE  ELDRIDGE  WEBSTER  (son 
of  Clement  Webster) — Died  Bast  Provi- 
dence F'eb.  24,  1904.  He  was  born  in 
Lowell,  Mass.,  July  16,  184  3.  Mr.  Web- 
ster learned  printing  in  the  office  of  the 
Providence  Post  ;  initiated  into  No.  33 
July  9,  1864  ;  private  sec'retary  to  Sena- 
tor William  i^prague  ;  clerk  of  Senate 
committee  on  manufactures;  1865  to  1871 
in  the  Pension  Office  in  Washington  ; 
graduated  from  Columbia  Law  College 
and  admitted  to  the  liar  of  the  District 
of  Columbia;  1871  to  1875  engaged  in 
newspaper  work  in  Providence;  1875 
elected  clerk  of  the  Court  of  Common 
Pleas  of  Providence  count>-,  afterward, 
upon  reorganization,  tlie  Common  Pleas 
Division  of  tlie  Supreme  Court,  which 
position  he  held  continuously  up  to  the 
time  of  his  death.  As  a  citizen  of  East 
Providence  Mr.  Webster  represented  that 
town  on  the  commissions  wliich  intro- 
duced  water  .service,    built    the    town    hall 


xc 


PRINTERS  AND  PRINTING  IN  PROVIDENCE 


and  constructed  the  Washington  bridge. 
He  was  a  prominent  Mason  and  Odd 
Fellow,  member  of  East  Providence  Busi- 
ness Men's  Associeition,  of  the  R.  I.  Bar 
Association  and  of  the  University  Club 
of  Providence. 

JAMES  WEBSTER  —  Born  London. 
England.  March  15,  1852;  he  learned 
printing  in  the  office  of  Judd  &  Glass,  of 
London,  book,  newspaper  and  job  busi- 
ness;  came  to  Quebec,  Canada,  in  1871, 
and  thence  to  New  York  city,  where  he 
first  worked  at  his  trade  in  this  countr\'  ; 
he  has  since  worked  in  many  parts  of  the 
United  States ;  his  card  was  received  in 
Providence  Union  Dec.  18,  1904  ;  he  died 
in  New  York  city  Dec.  6,  1905,  of  cere- 
bral hemorrhage. 

STEPHEN  RANDALL  WEEDEN — 
Born  Providence  Sept.  22,  1809.  At  the 
age  of  16  he  entered  the  establishment 
of  Smith  &  Parmenter,  publishers  of  tlie 
Cadet,  where  he  learned  the  trade  of  a 
printer,  following  the  business  for  some 
years.  In  1835  he  engaged  in  booksell- 
ing. July  2,  1838,  he  was  elected  libra- 
rian of  the  Providence  Athenteum,  resign- 
ing the  position  in  1845  on  account  of  ill 
liealth.  The  following  year  he  became 
associated  with  his  uncle,  Stephen  Ran- 
dall, in  the  manufacture  of  braided  wick- 
ing.  He  was  also  a  partner  in  the  book- 
selling firm  of  Weeden  &  Peck  until 
1850.  In  1874  he  assumed  the  entire 
management  of  the  wicking  business,  the 
firm's  name  being  S.  R.  Weeden  &  Son. 

ADDINGTON  D.  WELCH — Born  Fred- 
ericton,  N.  B.,  Dec.  13,  1837;  died  Zanes- 
ville,  O.,  1881  ;  learned  printing  trade  and 
was  member  of  Boston  Union  ;  its  finan- 
cial secretary  in  1865.  and  also  held  the 
office  of  treasurer ;  lived  in  Providence 
from  1873  to  1876;  member  of  the  print- 
ing firm  of  Hammet,  Angell  &  Co.,  and 
in  partnership  with  his  brother,  W.  B. 
Welch,  printed  "Town  and  Covmtry  ;"  ad- 
mitted to  Providence  Union  by  card  in 
December,  1S73  ;  also  member  of  Marine 
Corps  of  Artillery,  holding  the  rank  of 
Major.  He  devoted  much  time  to  lec- 
turing. 

WILLIAM  B.  WELCH— Born  Freder- 
icton,  N.  B.,  Feb.  3,  1841;  learned  print- 
ing in  Fredericton,  beginning  Feb.  3. 
1857;  worked  in  Providence  in  1875-'76 
and  published  "Town  and  Country"  In 
partnership  with  his  brother,  Addinglon 
D.  Welcli  ;  initiated  into  Boston  Union 
August,  1862,  and  has  been  a  member  of 
No.  13  ever  since;  its  President  in  1870 
and  1871  ;  I.  T.  U.  delegate  to  the  Mil- 
waukee convention  in  I'.tOii;  now  i-m- 
I»loyed  on  Globe. 

JOHN  WRLCH  —  Was  found  dead  in 
Attleboro,  Mass.,  July  M,  1806,  near  the 
tiuiipike  road,  northwaiil  of  Israel  Hatch's 
taviTii.  I'apers  found  on  his  i)i>rson 
showed  Ihat  he  was  pr()bal)ly  a  printeiv 
A   coioncr's  jury  of   hi(|uest   "was   held   on 


the  body,  whose  verdict,  from  evidences 
produced  and  examination,  was,  that  he 
died  in  consequence  of  fatigue,  ill  health, 
want  of  sleep,  and  falling  asleep  on  the 
ground."  The  body  was  decently  interred. 
He  had  for  a  short  time  worked  in  the 
Providence  Gazette  office,  was  said  to 
have  a  wife  in  Newport  and  respectable 
connections  in  Boston. 

SILAS  E.  WELLER— Died  Providence, 
of  consumption,  April  21,  1903.  He  was 
a  native  of  Maryland  ;  learned  printing 
in  Waynesboro,  Pa.  ;  initiated  into  Provi- 
dence Union  June  24,  1900;  worked  at 
Remington  Printing  Co.  and  on  the  Eve- 
ning  Bulletin. 

GEORGE  JOSEPH  WEST — Born  Provi- 
dence in  1852  ;  died  at  Aughnacloy,  Ire- 
land. July  21,  1896,  whither  he  had  gone 
for  the  benefit  of  his  health.  He  learned 
printing  at  the  office  of  Man-us  B.  Young 
and  worked  at  the  trade  when  possible 
while  pursuing  his  studies  at  Suffleld 
(Conn.)  Institute  and  Bi'own  University, 
from  which  he  graduated  in  1876.  Two 
years  later  he  finished  at  Boston  Uni- 
versity Law  School,  and  was  admitted  to 
the  Rhode  Island  bar,  of  which  he  was 
one  of  the  leading  representatives  at  the 
time  of  his  death.  He  was  a  member  of 
the  Legislature  in  1885-'86,  when  he  pro- 
cured a  State  charter  for  Providence 
Typographical  Union  and  was  elected  an 
honorary  member  of  that  body.  He  had 
been  initiated  into  Providence  Union  Dec. 
10,  1870.  Mr.  West  represented  the  Tenth 
Ward  in  the  Common  Council,  1895-'96, 
and  was  an  infiuential  member  of  the 
school  committee  for  many  years. 

JOHN  HARRY  WEST— Born  Norwich, 
Conn..  Feb.  7,  1851.  He  first  "touched" 
t\pe  in  the  office  of  the  Norwich  Daily 
Ad\ertiser  in  April,  1868,  finishing  his 
apprenticeship  in  New  Haven,  Conn.  He 
was  admitted  to  Providence  Union  by 
card  December,  1873.  For  several  years 
l)revious  to  his  death,  which  occurred 
Nov.  13,  1906,  at  Braintree,  Mass.,  he 
was  employed  on  the  Brockton  Times. 

EDWARD  V.  WESTCOTT— Died  New- 
liort  Jan.  17,  1904,  of  heart  disease,  at  the 
age  of  64.  He  learned  printing  in  the 
.lournal  job  office  about  the  year  1857  ; 
went  into  the  Civil  war  as  a  private  and 
was  promoted  to  Scconil  Lieutenant. 
After  the  war  he  went  into  the  hotel  busi- 
uess  and  was  propi-ietor  at  different  times 
of  the  Perry  House  and  Hotel  .\(iuidneck 
in  Newport,  and  the  Mt.  Vernon,  the 
largest  hotel  in  Baltimore.  He  was  best 
known  as  steward  of  the  steamer  Pris- 
lilla  and  other  boats  of  the  Fall  River 
I-ini'.  He  was  a  member  of  the  Lawrence 
<"hil)  of  Newport. 

I'R.ANCIS  J.  WH.VLKN— Born  Provi- 
dence Sept.  20.  1SS5;  learned  printing 
on  News,  beginning  in  1903;  Initiated  into 
Providence    Fnion    Apill    29,    1906. 


THE  JOURNEYMEN 


XCI 


JOHN  H.  WHALEN — Born  Providence 
Dec.  11,  1869  ;  learned  printing  in  office 
of  E.  A.  Jolinson  &  Co.,  beginning  in 
1886  ;  has  worked  in  various  towns  in 
Rliode  Island  and  on  the  News  and  Tele- 
gram of  this  city. 

WILLIAM  WHEATLY — Born  Ratcliffe 
Bridge,  near  Bury,  Lancashire,  Eng.,  Feb. 
21,  1859  ;  learned  printing  at  Glossop, 
Derbyshire;  came  to  Providence  in  1S8S, 
first  working  at  Raid's  ;  was  initiated  into 
Providence  Union  Dec.  30,  1888  ;  has 
worked  in  various  offices  since  and  in 
Boston  and  Norwood,  Mass.  His  home  is 
at  Lonsdale,  R.  I. 

W.  W.  WHBELAND  —  Born  Liberty, 
Tioga  county.  Pa.  ;  learned  the  trade  at 
Wellsboro,  Pa.  ;  came  to  Providence  in 
1897  and  has  been  employed  on  the  Tele- 
gram and  Tribune  since  ;  initiated  into 
Providence  Union  Feb.    24,   1901. 

BENNETT  WHEELER  —  Died  Provi- 
dence April  13,  1806,  in  the  52d  year  of 
his  age.  He  was  a  native  of  Halifax, 
N.  S.,  where  he  learned  the  printing 
trade.  He  came  to  Providence  Sept.  20, 
1776,  and  worked  first  in  the  book  and 
job  office  of  J.  Douglass  McDougall.  In 
a  few  months  he  went  to  the  Gazette 
office,  continuing  there  until  December, 
1778,  when  he  joined  with  Solomon  South- 
wick,  and  in  March,  1779,  the  firm  of 
Soulhwick  &  Wheeler  issued  the  first 
number  of  the  "American  Journal  and 
General  Advertiser,"  the  second  newspa- 
per printed  in  Providence.  Mr.  South- 
wick  retired  from  the  partnership  in  De- 
cember, 1779,  and  the  paper  was  con- 
tinued by  Mr.  Wheeler  alone  until  Aug. 
29,  1781.  From  Jan.  31,  1781,  it  had 
been  a  semi-weekly.  After  the  suspen- 
sion of  the  Journal  he  continued  in  the 
job  business.  On  the  1st  of  January,  1784, 
Mr.  Wheeler  began  the  publication  of  the 
United  States  Chronicle,  the  third  Provi- 
dence newspaper.  He  continued  the 
Chronicle  until  Dec.  29,  1803,  when  he 
turned  over  the  paper  and  business  to  his 
oldest  son,  John  Wheeler.  Mr.  Wheeler 
advertised  in  the  Gazette  of  Nov.  17, 
1804,  that  he  had  established  a  large  gen- 
eral store  "on  the  Hill,  ne.xt  door  east  of 
Jabez  Olney,"  at  the  sign  of  the  Silver 
Bee-Hive.  April  13,  1805,  he  removed  his 
store  to  the  house  of  Mr.  Daniel  Teft, 
nearly  opposite  the  town  pump,  in  Broad 
street.  During  the  Revolutionary  war 
Mr.  Wheeler  was  successively  appointed 
to  the  different  grades  of  rank  in  the 
militia;  and  in  1791  he  was  Brigade 
Major  for  the  county  of  Providence  and 
Inspector  General  of  the  Militia  of  tlie 
State. 

BENNETT  H.  WHEELER  (son  of 
Bennett  Wheeler) — Born  Providence  Aug. 
18,  1788;  died  there  May  17,  1863.  He 
began  to  learn  printing  in  1799  in  his 
father's  office  in  Providence;  in  1804  he 
worked  in  Manning  &  Loring's  office  in 
Boston,  Mass..  and  in  May,  1806,  in  Port- 
land,   Me.,    as    a    journeyman.      In    Janu- 


ary, 1807,  upon  the  death  of  William 
Olney,  publisher  of  the  Providence  Pheni.x, 
the  office-  was  leased  to  Mr.  Wheeler  and 
Josiah  Jones,  and  in  1809  they  bought  the 
establishment.  Mr.  Wheeler  was  con- 
nected with  the  paper  for  16  years,  as 
editor,  and  during  that  time  "the  paper 
was  a  terror  to  the  Federalists  of  Rhode 
Island."  In  1824  he  was  appointed  Post- 
master, retaining  the  office  until  1831, 
when  he  was  removed  by  President  Jack- 
son. From  that  time  until  his  death  Mr. 
Wheeler  took  little  interest  in  public 
affairs. 

HOWARD  H.  WHEELER — Born  Provi- 
dence May  14,  1885;  learned  printing  at 
E.  A.  Johnson's,  beginning  in  1902  ;  par- 
ticipated   in    effort   for    eight-hour    day    in 

1906  ;  now  located  in  Providence. 

JEWEL  R.  WHEELER  (Miss)  — 
Learned  printing  at  Fredericton,  N.  B.  ; 
initiated  into  Providence  Union  Oct.  31. 
1897. 

JOHN  WHEELER  (son  of  Bennett 
Wheeler) — Born  Providence  in  1781.  He 
learried  printing  in  the  office  of  the  United 
States  Chronicle,  and  from  Dec.  29,  1803. 
until  May  17,  1804,  when  it  suspended, 
that  paper  was  published  by  him  ;  after 
the  death  of  his  father  he  administered 
the  estate  ;  he  died  in  Charleston,  S.  C, 
in  August,  1807. 

GEORGE  WHELDON — Died  Providence 
Oct.  7,  1890,  aged  61  years.  He  was  a 
charter  member  of  Providence  Union  in 
1857;  national  delegate  in  1859;  Presi- 
dent in  1864;  treasurer  in  1857-'58;  al- 
ways an  aggressive  member ;  Avorked  at 
the  business  also  in  Boston. 

ETHAN  WHIPPLE — Died  Providence 
April  6,  1865.  His  naine  appears  in  the 
directories  of  this  city  as  a  printer,  begin- 
ning with  1855,  when  he  was  employed  by 
A.  Crawford  Greene. 

AMOS  L.  WHITE — Born  Sanquoit.  N. 
Y..  Dec.  21,  1851;  learned  printing  at 
Waterville,  N.  Y.  ;  admitted  to  Providence 
Union  by  card  July  13,  1872,  and  worked 
in  this  city  on  the  Jovirnal  and  Herald. 
He  is  a  brother  of  Arthur  F.  White.  I^o- 
cated  in  New  York  in  1904. 

ARTHUR  F.  WHITE  ("Spec") — Born 
Waterville.  N.  Y.,  July  IS.  1847;  learned 
printing  in  that  town,  beginning  in  1863  : 
worked  in  Providence  on  the  Herald,  Star 
and  Journal  ;  admitted  to  Providence 
Union  by  card  May  28,  1884  ;  lias  travelled 
e.xtensively,  visiting  Providence  Ma>-  i:J. 
1904. 

HENRY  T.  WHITE  —  Born  Stanifunl. 
Conn.,  in  1855  ;  learned  printing  in  New- 
York  city.  Mr.  White  was  working  in 
Providence  in  1883  when  tlie  movement 
that  resulted  in  the  reorganization  of  No, 
33  was  in  progress  and  contribnlod  \er.\ 
much  to  its  success.  His  card  was  third 
on   the   list   at   the   meeting  of  April   8  ;    in 

1907  he  was  a  proofreader  on  the  New 
York    Herald. 


XCII 


PRINTERS  AND   PRINTING  IN   PROVIDENCE 


ISAAC  H.  WHITING  —  Born  Norwich. 
Conn..  April  26,  1823:  served  an  appren- 
ticeship to  the  printing  business  there 
with  Marcus  B.  Young ;  came  to  Provi- 
dence in  1840.  "just  after  the  great  ox- 
roasting  on  Smith's  Hill,"  working  first 
on  the  New  Age,  a  Dorrite  sheet,  and 
later  on  the  Express.  Afterward  Mr. 
Whiting  was  foreman  of  the  Woonsocket 
Patriot,  and  for  13  years,  until  18C1,  was 
foreman  of  the  General  Advertiser,  when 
he  retired  to  his  father-in-law's  farm  in 
North  Kingstown.  He  remained  on  the 
farm  but  one  year,  when  he  again  came 
to  this  city,  working  on  the  Evening  Press 
as  compositor  and  foreman.  In  a  few 
years  he  returned  to  the  farm,  staying 
there  until  1876.  when  Mr.  S.  S.  Foss  of 
Woonsocket  started  the  Daily  Patriot  and 
employed  Mr.  Whiting  as  foreman.  "His 
fingers  had  been  itching  for  the  little 
types."  In  a  few  months  he  left  the 
Patriot  and  ended  his  career  as  a  printer 
on  the  Providence  Journal,  retiring  to  the 
farm  when  his  health  began  to  give  way. 
He  died  at  his  residence  on  Quidnesset 
Neck,  between  East  Greenwich  and  Wick- 
ford,  Sept.  9,  1888,  it  is  supposed  by  sui- 
cide. At  the  funeral,  which  was  from  the 
old  Dj'er  homestead  at  Davisville,  Messrs. 
Fred  B.  Amsden  and  James  Allen,  the 
aeronaut,  represented  the  craft  as  bear- 
ers. His  body  was  conveyed  to  the  fam- 
ily lot  in  a  farm  wagon,  accompanied  by 
a  large  number  of  friends  and  neighbors. 
In  184  6  Mr.  Whiting  married  Lydia  A. 
Dyer,  eldest  daughter  of  Samuel  D.  Dyer 
of  North  Kingstown.  Mr.  Whiting's  name 
stands  at  the  head  of  the  list  of  initiations 
into  Providence  Union,  April  18,   1857. 

WALTER  R.  WHITTEMORB— Born  in 
Lynn.  Mass..  Oct.  22.  1880;  learned  the 
printing  trade  in  the  office  of  the  Evening 
Telegram ;  he  was  initiated  into  Provi- 
dence Typographical  Union  Feb.   24,   1901. 

JOHN  N.  WHITTF:M — Learned  printing 
in  Portsmouth,  N.  H.  ;  admitted  to  Provi- 
dence Union  by  card  Apiil  2.5.  1847;  I.  T. 
l^.  delegate  from  Boston  to  Chicago  con- 
vention in  1893  ;  located  in  Boston  in  1907. 

DAVID  A.  WILBUR— Born  Little  Comp- 
ton,  R.  I..  Jan.  5,  1838;  learned  the  print- 
ing trade  in  Fall  River,  Mass.  ;  came  to 
Providence  in  1879,  and  has  worked  in 
this  city  since;  initiated  into  Providence 
Union  April   29,   1900. 

HERMAN  J.  WILBUR— Born  Quidnick. 
R.  I.,  Oct.  22.  1866;  learned  printing  in 
Gazette  and  Chronicle  office,  Pawtucket, 
R.  I.,  beginning  Oct.  1.  1882;  initiated 
into  Providence  Union  Oct.  28.  1900; 
worked  in  this  citv  since  1892  ;  foreman 
for  J.  C.  Hall  Co.  from  March  21.  1889. 
to  Aug.  1,  1900;  foreman  Loose  Leaf  Co. 
in   1907. 

CHARLES  P.  WILLARD— Born  Spring- 
field, Ma.'^s..  April  19,  1847;  died  Provi- 
(IfMicc  June  2.  I!t07  ;  began  to  learn  |)rlnt- 
ing  ill   New   Haven  and  in  his  youth  trav- 


elled extensively  in  the  Eastern  States ; 
he  deposited  card  with  No.  33  on  June  8, 
1872,  and  worked  almost  steadily  from 
that  time  until  1890  on  the  Journal;  after 
the  linotypes  had  displaced  hand  compo- 
sition on  that  paper  he  was  employed  for 
a  time  on  the  Telegram  ;  in  1897  he  went 
to  the  Pawtucket  Times,  where  he  worked 
the  last  ten  years  of  his  life.  He  was  one 
of  the  swiftest  of  the  hand  typesetters, 
easily  setting  2000  ems  per  hour. 

GEORGE  O.  WILLARD  —  Died  Provi- 
dence Dec.  2,  1903  :  learned  printing  in 
office  of  Gazette  and  Chronicle,  Paw- 
tucket ;  June,  1860,  he  started  the  Paw- 
tucket Observer ;  under  Sidney  Dean's 
management  of  the  Evening  Press,  Mr. 
Willard  was  city  editor:  April  30,  1885, 
in  company  with  George  Cooley,  he  started 
the  Pawtucket  Evening  Times,  and  con- 
tinued control  of  it  until  Jan.  31,  1890; 
he  was  initiated  into  Providence  Union 
May  4,  1857,  and  placed  on  the  honorary 
list  Oct.  15.  1864.  Mr.  Willard  wrote  a 
"History  of  the  Providence  Stage,  1762- 
1891,"  published  in  1891. 

EDWARD  A.  WILLCOX — His  name  ap- 
pears in  the  Directory  of  1850  as  a  printer 
and  for  several  years  in  the  50's  he 
worked  for  A.  Crawford  Greene.  He  was 
a  charter  member  of  Providence  Typo- 
graphical Union;  Vice  President  in  1862, 
President  in  1862,  '64  and  '68,  delegate  in 
1868.  He  died  July  27,  1876.  The  fol- 
lowing, printed  In  the  Journal  of  Aug.  2, 
1876,  was  written  by  George  W.  Daniel- 
son  when  he  heard  of  the  death  of  his 
friend  :  "Ned. — A  score  of  years  ago  Ned 
was  a  young  man  of  abundant  promise. 
Possessing  a  good  mind,  sound  health, 
genial  disposition  and  industrious  habits, 
he  entered  upon  the  arena  of  life  with 
courage  and  hope.  He  was  an  intelli- 
gent, well-trained  workman,  and  might 
easily  have  been  a  master  among  his  fel- 
lows. For  some  years  all  went  well  with 
Ned.  But  there  was  an  element  of  ruin 
at  work.  His  companionable  qualities  were 
leading  hirh  astray.  The  occasional  social 
glass  was  creating  and  stimulating  an 
appetite  that  was  to  drag  him  down.  By- 
and-by  Ned  became  indifferent  to  his 
work.  Employers  could  not  rely  upon 
him.  and  employment  was  fitful  and  un- 
certain. But  the  appetite  was  craving, 
steady,  undying — consuming  health  and 
mnking  a  wreck  of  manliood.  After  a  piti- 
ful struggle  for  existenc'C  upon  the  charitj' 
of  sympatliizing  fellow  craftsmen  came 
the  almshouse  and  tlic  shelter  of  a  pau- 
per's gi'ave.  And  st)  it  was  told  the  other 
day  in  the  places  that  once  knew  him,  that 
Ned  was  dead.  Poor  Ned !  If  only  the 
warning  of  your  sad  career  shall  turn 
back  some  not  yet  hopelessly  drawn  into 
the  maelstrom  of  ruin,  you  will  not  have 
died — as  you  lived- — in  vain." 

CHARLES  G.  WILKINS — Born  Glen- 
licad.  Scotlantl.  March  28.  1846;  learned 
pi-iiiting  in   Dundee.  Scotland,  beginnins;  in 


THE  JOURNEYMEN 


XCIII 


1859  ;  admitted  to  Providence  Union  by 
card  at  the  December  meeting,  1887; 
prominent  in  labor  organization  ;  ex-Mas- 
ter Wortcman  Knights  of  Labor  ;  ex-Presi- 
dent American  Federation  of  Labor  of 
Massacliusetts  ;  ex-organizer  I.  T.  U.  ;  ex- 
organizer  N.  E.  Allied  Trades  ;  5th  Vice 
President  N.  E.  A.  T.  ;  worked  on  Jour- 
nal and  Telegram  in  Providence  ;  em- 
ployed as  proofreader  at  Boston  City 
Printing  Office  in  1907. 

BENONI  WILLIAIMS  —  Died  Boston, 
Mass.,  Nov.  2,  1817,  aged  72  years.  He 
started  "The  Impartial  Observer"  in 
Providence  Jan.  10,  1801,  and  continued 
its  publication  until  March  6,  1802.  It 
was  the  first  Republican  (Jeffersonian 
Democratic)    paper  printed  in  this  city. 

CHARLES  W.  WILLIAMS — Born  North 
Providence,  Dec.  3,  1878;  died  PawtXicket 
April  20,  1906  ;  learned  printing  with  J.  A. 
&  R.  A.  Reid  and  on  the  News,  beginning 
in  1896  ;  initiated  into  Providence  Union 
March  25,  1899  ;  assistant  foreman  of  the 
News  at  time  of  death  ;  brother  of  Irving 
Williams. 

DAVID  E.  WILLIAMS  —  Born  1878; 
died  Salem,  N.  J.,  Dec.  9,  1906;  learned 
printing  in  Standard  office.  Salem,  N.  J.  ; 
initiated  into  Providence  Union  March  25, 
1899;  held  card  No.  4872  in  New  York 
Union  at  death. 

DAVID  H.  WILLIAMS  —  Born  Provi- 
dence ;  learned  printing  in  office  of  J.  A. 
&  R.  A.  Reid  ;  initiated  into  Providence 
Union  April  2  9,  1894  ;  worked  here  since 
1888. 

FERDINAND  A.  WILLIAMS  —  Born 
Providence  Jan.  21,  1866  ;  learned  printing 
at  What  Cheer  Printing  Co.  and  worked 
at  the  business  for  several  of  tlie  leading 
firms  until  1894,  when  he  engaged  in  tlie 
wliolesale  liciuor  business  ;  selling  out  in 
1900,  he  returned  to  the  printing  busi- 
ness, and  is  at  present  (1907)  employed 
on  the  Boston  Globe  ;  he  was  initiated  into 
Providence  Union  Oct.  29,  1887. 

GEORGE  C.  WILLIAMS — Born  Provi- 
dence in  1875  ;  learned  printing  on  the 
News,  beginning  in  1891  ;  worked  in  this 
city  at  Snow  &  Farnham's  and  other  book 
and  job  offices  until  1898,  except  a  year 
or  so  on  the  Pawtuxet  Valley  Gleaner ; 
since  October,  189  8,  in  the  Government 
Printing  Office  at  Washington,  D.  C. 

IRVING  WILLIAMS  —  Born  in  1881; 
learned  printing  with  Williams  &  Pricker, 
Providence,  R.  I.,  beginning  in  1898; 
worked  in  New  Orleans,  La.,  and  Peters- 
burg, 111.  ;  applied  for  admission  to  Union 
No.  124.  Bloomington,  111.,  May,  1903  ;  was 
working  in  Wakefield  and  Wickford,  R,  I., 
in   1905  ;   brotlier  of  Charles  W.   Williams. 

JAMES  WILLIAMS — Died  Providence 
June  28,  1889,  aged  56  years.  3  months 
and  7  days.  He  liad  been  employed  in  the 
Journal  composing  room  for  a  number  of 


years  ;  was  initiated  into  Providence  Union 
April  29,  1888.  He  was  a  brother  of  A. 
M.  Williams,  editor  of  the  Journal  from 
1883  to  1891.  The  Union  records  show 
that  the  death  benefit  due  tlie  estate  of 
James  Williams  was  generously  presented 
to  tlie  Union  by  his  brother,  A.  M.  Wil- 
liams. 

SAMUEL  J.  WILLIAMS — Printed  the 
Providence  Phceni.x  for  T.  A.  Foster  &  Co. 
in  1802  ;  member  of  firm  of  Heaton  &. Wil- 
liams in  1804. 

GEORGE  W.  WILSON  — Born  New 
Yorlt  city  Feb.  28,  1844  ;  learned  printing 
in  Jacob's  newspaper,  book  and  job  office 
in  tliat  city,  beginning  in  1860;  iiiitiated 
into  Providence  Union  April  8,  1883  ; 
worked  on  the  Star  and  Telegram,  1881  to 
1890  ;  employed  on  Boston  Traveler  1905. 

JOHN  H.  WILSON  — Born  St.  Louis, 
Mo.  ;  worked  in  Meriden,  Conn.,  in  1868  ; 
admitted  to  Providence  Union  by  card 
Aug.  13,  1870;  worked  on  tlie  Journal; 
died  in  this  city  or  in  Boston,  Mass. 

JOHN  HOWELL  WILSON — His  name 
appears  in  the  Directory  in  1844-'47  as 
a  printer.  In  184  6  he  was  a  partner  with 
J.  M.  Church  in  the  publication  of  tlie 
Daily  Gazette,  having  charge  of  the  me- 
chanical departments. 

SAMUEL  S.  WILSON  —  Died  Provi- 
dence Oct.  28,  1904,  aged  91  years,  10 
months  and  1  day.     He  had  held  the  dis- 


S.\Ml  EL    S.    WILSON. 

tinction  of  "oldest  printer  in  Rhode  Is- 
land" since  Dec.  8,  1886,  succeeding  Rob- 
ert M.  Pearse.  Mr.  Wilson  was  born  in 
Newport.  R.  I.,  althougli  l)is  parents  were 
residents    of    Providence.       He    began    to 


XCIV 


PRINTERS  AND  PRINTING  IN  PROVIDENCE 


learn  printing  in  tiie  Journal  office  in 
1827  at  the  age  of  13  and  served  a  seven 
years'  apprenticeship.  In  1834  he  started 
the  first  penny  newspaper  published  in 
New  England,  the  Penny  Post.  For  a 
time  he  did  all  the  work  on  this  paper, 
including  delivery  to  the  subscribers.  The 
circulation  reached  2000.  He  sold  the 
business  to  Cyril  Carpenter  in  1835  and 
removed  to  New  Bedford,  working  there 
on  the  Gazette,  Mercury  and  Register.  In 
1842  he  returned  to  Providence  and  be- 
came pressman  on  the  Journal.  In  1856, 
when  the  first  Hoe  cylinder  was  installed 
in  the  Journal  pressroom,  Mr.  Wilson  went 
to  the  Post.  In  1863  he  came  back  to  the 
Journal,  remaining  with  that  paper  until 
1872,  when  he  retired  permanently.  He 
was  a  vigorous  man  until  within  a  few 
days  of  his  deatli,  took  a  keen  interest  in 
events  and  made  regular  visits  to  the 
Journal  office.  His  birthdays  were  noted 
in  the  columns  of  that  paper. 

WILLIAM  H.  WILSON — Learned  print- 
ing with  John  Carter  in  the  Gazette  office 
previous  to  1814.  He  was  a  partner  with 
H.  H.  Brown  in  the  purchase  of  the  Ga- 
zette office  from  Carter  in  February,  1814, 
and  continued  that  partnership  until  June, 
1816,  when  the  business  was  purchased  by 
Brown. 

A.  H.  WILTZ  —  Born  Princeton,  111., 
Jan.  13,  1851;  began  to  learn  printing  in 
1862  at  Peoria,  111.  ;  worked  in  New  York 
city  in  1872  ;  wintered  in  Meriden,  Conn., 
in  1872-'73  ;  admitted  to  Providence  Union 
May  10,  1873,  and  worked  here  on  the 
Journal  until  December;  located  at  1274 
West  Van  Buren  street,  Chicago,  in   1905. 

JOHN  O.  WINTERMUTE — Died  New 
York  city  May  18,  1880.  He  was  admit- 
ted to  Providence  Union  by  card  Oct.  12, 
1874,  and  worked  on  the  Journal. 

ALVAH  WITHEE  —  Born  in  Maine; 
served  in  the  Civil  war  in  the  5th  Maine 
Regiment  and  was  severely  woiuided  in 
the  leg  at  the  battle  of  Soutli  Mountain  ; 
admitted  to  Providence  Union  by  card 
April  22,  1883  ;  worked  for  many  years  on 
the  Journal  as  compositor  and  copyholder  ; 
also  worked  in  Boston. 

CHARLES  A.  WITTING  —  Born  Chi- 
cago, 111.,  Oct.  31,  1866;  learned  printing 
in  office  of  Witting  &  Sons,  Chicago,  be- 
ginning in  1882;  worked  in  Providence  at 
Remington's  and  in  Central  Falls  at  E.  L. 
Freeman's ;  initiated  into  Providence 
Union  Jan.  25,  1903;  located  in  Worces- 
ter, Mass.,  in  1905. 

HERMAN  J.  WOLFBRS — Was  drowned 
at  Dunkirk,  N.  Y.  ;  he  worked  in  Provi- 
dence on  the  Journal  in  1874. 

WILLIAM  M.  WOOD — Was  admitted  to 
Providence  Union  by  card  in  1877;  he 
worked  on  the  Journal  for  several  years ; 
lived  in  Syracuse  in   1906. 


ALBERT  WALLACE  WOODCOCK  — 
Born  England  Feb.  2,  1869;  learned  print- 
ing in  Manchester,  England  ;  lias  worked 
in  Providence  since  1892;  initiated  into 
Providence  Union  January,  1899  ;  mana- 
ger of  the  printing  firm  of  Wm.  R.  Brown 
in  1907. 

JAMES  WRIGLEY — Born  Oldham,  Eng- 
land, Feb.  17.  1863;  learned  printing  in 
that  city,  beginning  in  1876;  admitted  to 
Providence  Union  by  card  in  February. 
1886,  and  again  in  1903  ;  employed  on  the 
New  York  Herald  in  1907. 

DAVID  P.  WYMAN  (Pete) — Born  New 
York  city,  where  he  also  learned  the  print- 
ing trade  ;  worked  in  Providence  on  tlie 
Journal  1884  to  1886;  admitted  to  No.  33 
by  card  Aug.  27,  1884  ;  located  in  Boston 
on  the  Herald  in  1907. 

I7iitiated    Into    Providence    Typographical 
Union   on  Dates  Named: 

WILLIAM   J.    WALSH,   Jan.    29,    1893. 
FRANK   C.    WANDELL,    Feb.    26,    1893. 
FRANK  J.   WEBER,  Dec.   18,   1892. 
EDWIN   H.   WHITE,   Oct.    10,    1868. 
H.  W.  WHITE,  Feb.   27,   1887. 
LEWIS   WHITE,   July    13,    1872. 
HARRY  WICKHAM,  July  27,   1890. 
DANIEL     G.     WIGHTMAN.     April     2  8. 
1901.     In  sawmill  business  at  Southbrldge, 

PERCY  A.  WILBUR,  Feb.  28,  1892. 
HENRY  L.    WILLIAMS,   July    31,    1892. 
WILLIAM  J.   WATSON,   June   26,    1892. 
GEORGE  E.  WRIGHT.  Dec.  10,  1870. 

A.  E.  WRIGGLESWORTH.Dec.  28,1890. 
ARTHUR  C.  WYER,  May   17,   1888. 

Admitted   by   Card   on   Dates   Xa)iicd: 

THOMAS  WADE,  Jan.   30,    18S4. 

JOHN  F.  WALKER,  from  New  York. 
April   10.   1869. 

CHRISTOPHER  C.  WALL,  November, 
1888. 

FRED.  A.  WARD,  August,    1886. 

JAMES  WARD,  from  Boston,  May  11, 
1872. 

J.  F.  WARD,  March,   1888. 

E.  A.   WARREN,  Marcli   11.   1871. 
MARION    L.     WARREN     (Miss),     from 

Waltham,  Mass.,  April  30,   1905. 

D.  J.  WATERS,  September,   1887. 

ROBERT  O.   WATERS,  May  29,   1898. 

H.  G.   WEIR,  Jan.  29,   1893. 

GEORGE  H.  WESTFIELD,  April  S. 
1883.      Reported   dead. 

G.  T.  WETMORE,  January,  1886.  Re- 
ported died  in  Newark.   N.  J. 

O.  P.  WHARTON,  Marclj,   1S8S. 

SAMUEL   WHEELER,   Aug.    29,    1S97. 

B.  J.   WHITE.   Jan.   27,    19(11. 

JOHN  F.  WHITE,  from  Washington. 
I).   C,  Aug.   8,    1868. 

M.  B.  WHITEHEAD,  Nov.  30,  1S8.'.. 
Reported  dead. 

C.  H.   WILDIOU.    Fel)ruary,    ISSS. 

F.  A.    WH.LIAMS,   Oct.    14.    1871. 

H.  O.  W1L1J.\MS.  .\u«.  i:f.  1S70;  Auk 
8,  1874. 


THE  JOURNEYMEN 


XCV 


A.   F.  WILSON,  February.   1886. 
DANIEL  WILSON.   1885. 
FREDERICK  E.  WILSON,  Feb.   8,  1873. 
ISAAC   F.    WILSON,    December,    1884. 
J.  H.  WISE,  April  28.   1901. 
CHARLES  H.  WITHERUP,  from  Pitts- 
burg, Pa.,   Sept.   14,   1867. 

E.  J.  WOOD,  Sept.   30,   1883. 

H.  C.  WOODNUT,   October,   1886. 

Names  from  Providence  Directory: 

GEORGE  W.  WARREN — 1836-'38;  lat- 
ter year  worked  over  15  Market  square. 

WILLIAM  A.  WELLES — 1824;  worked 
at  Gazette  Office. 

GEORGE  WHEATON — 1830;  member 
firm  of  Stearns  &  Wheaton. 

GEORGE  WILBUR— 1857. 

DANIEL  H.  WILLIAMS  —  1850  at  25 
Westminster  street  ;  1863  at  Journal  office. 

GEORGE  WISE  —  1830;  worked  at 
Patriot  office. 

Printers   Known    to   Have    Worked   Here : 

JOHN  WHALEN — Learned  on  Evening 
Bulletin  ;  died  in  1874. 

PATRICK  WHALEN — Learned  on  Eve- 
ning Bulletin;  died  in  1870.  George  W. 
Danielson  administered  his  estate. 

DANIEL  H.  WHITE — Worked  for  R.  I. 
Printing  Co.  ;  now  655  on  "Big  Six"  list. 

JAMES  WHITLY — Worked  on  Journal 
in  1884. 

DWIGHT  STANLEY  WHITTEMORE, 
M.  D. — Born  in  1864  ;  worked  at  Reid's 
and  for  R.  I.  Printing  Co.  ;  in  1905  located 
in  Brockton,  Mass. 

JOHN  L.  WILLIAMS — No.  4940  in  1905 
on  list  of  "Big  Six." 

JAMES  WILLIAMSON — Noted  "tour- 
ist;" visited  Providence  as  early  as   1868. 

JOHN  A.  WINSLOW  (Chick)— Last 
heard  of  in  Greenfield,  Mass. 

EDWARD  W.  WOODLEY — Worked  at 
R.  I.  Printing  Co.  ;  later  conducted  a 
printing  supply  house  in  Boston. 

JAMES  B.  YERRINGTON — Born  Dec. 
4,  1800;  died  Oct.  17,  1866.  He  learned 
printing  in  the  office  of  Hugh  H.  Brown  ; 
in  company  with  William  Goodell  he  es- 
tablished the  Philanthropist  and  Investi- 
gator, published  in  Boston  and  Provi- 
dence ;  later,  at  Amherst,  Mass.,  he  edited 
and  published  the  Amherst  Gazette  ;  he 
was  for  a  time  foreman  of  the  Boston 
Daily  Advocate;  in  1845  and  until  it  died 
he  was  printer  of  the  Liberator,  for  Gar- 
rison and  Phillips. 

GEORGE  C.  S.  YOUNG  — Died  Provi- 
dence Dec.  18,  1873,  aged  52  years.  Tlie 
Directory  of  1844  gives  his  occupation  as 
printer. 

MARCUS  B.  YOUNG  — Died  Provi- 
dence Nov.  8,  1883,  aged  73  years.  He 
came  to  this  city  from  Norwich,  Conn., 
where  he  had  conducted  a  printing  office. 
In  1844  he  was  a  compositor  on  the  Jour- 
nal. Probably  he  moved  his  office  from 
Norwich    to    this   city   and    eventually    de- 


voted his  entire  attention  to  it.  In  1870 
he  sold  to  A.  S.  Reynolds,  and  retired 
from  the  business. 

EDGAR  YATES — Born  Biddeford,  Me., 
March  1,  1856  ;  learned  printing  in  Port- 
land, Me.  ;  initiated  into  Providence  Union 
June  25,  1884,  and  in  1882,  '83  and  '84 
was  of  the  Journal  composing  room  force. 
In  the  fall  of  1884  he  went  to  work  on 
the  Boston  Advertiser,  and  after  two 
years  at  the  case  became  night  city  edi- 
tor. Subsequently  he  was  on  the  Boston 
Globe  as  New  England  editor  and  as  ex- 
change editor.  From  1894  to  1900  he  was 
managing  editor  of  the  Biddeford  (Me.) 
Daily  Journal,  in  the  latter  year  returning 
to  Boston.  He  is  Past  Chancellor  of 
Horace  Geeley  lodge.   Knights  of  Pythias, 


EiDGAR     YATES. 

and  has  been  Grand  Representative.  He 
is  interested  in  Colonial  history,  and  has 
written  a  genealogy  of  the  Yates  family 
and  a  history  of  the  early  Morgans  of 
Essex  county.  He  has  done  more  or  less 
newspaper  and  magazine  work.  In  1906 
Bowdoin  College  conferred  on  him  the  hon- 
orary degree  of  B.  A.  ;  now  of  the  Boston 
Post, 

Initiated    Into    Providence    Typugruphical 
Union  on  Dates  Named: 

A.  R.  YOUNG,  Aug.  8,  1857.  His  name 
is  on  the  original  charter  granted  by  the 
National  ITnion. 

F.   E.   YOUNG,  Dec.   11,   1869. 
Admitted  by  Card  on  Date  Named: 

JOHN  YOUNGJOHN,  June  8,  1872. 

JAMES  F.  ZIMMERMAN  —  Born  Ken- 
tucky in  1862;  learned  printing  in  Dan- 
ville. Ky.,  on  the  Advocate;  applied  for 
membership  in  Woonsocket  Union  March, 
1901  ;  admitted  to  Providence  Union  by 
card  Miiy  29,  1904;  worked  for  several 
years  on  Telegram. 


XCVI 


PRINTERS  AND  PRINTING  IN  PROVIDENCE 


Received  Too  Late  for  Classification: 

EDWARD  A.  BLACKBURN  —  Born 
Providence  Jan.  21.  1887  ;  learned  printing 
in  Visitor  office,  beginning  in  1902  ;  now 
employed  tliere. 

HENRY  W.  CHRISTIAN — Born  New- 
ton, Mass.  ;  died  Providence  Sept.  10,  1885, 
aged  45  years  ;  he  began  to  learn  print- 
ing in  Newton  ;  in  the  Civil  war  he  served 
in  Co.  B.  43d  Mass.  Vols.  ;  after  the  war 
he  took  up  printing  again,  working  on  the 
Fall  River  News,  and  later  on  the  Provi- 
dence Journal,  where  he  was  employed  at 
time  of  death. 

THOMAS  P.  CURTIN  —  Born  North 
Chelmsford,  Mass.,  March  6.  1870  ;  learned 
printing  on  the  Cambridge  (Mass.)  Chroni- 
cle; worked  in  Providence  in  1894;  also 
in  Woonsocket  on  the  Evening  Call  ;  I.  T. 
U.  delegate  from  Boston  to  the  conven- 
tions of  Birmingham  (1903)  and  Colorado 
Springs  (1906)  ;  secretary  of  Boston 
Union  in  1907. 

WARREN  L.  HOPKINS  —  Born  Wick- 
ford,  R.  I.  ;  began  work  in  Providence  for 
Livermore  &  Knight  in  1882  ;  promoted  to 
foremanship  in  1888  ;  in  business  at  Bent- 
ley  Harbor,  Mich.,  1892-94  ;  returned  to 
Providence  and  resumed  charge  at  Liver- 
more  &  Knight's  in  1894  ;  now  general 
superintendent  of  that  establishment. 

J.  ELLERY  HUDSON— Born  Sept.  23, 
1850  ;  learned  printing  in  Phenix,  R.  I., 
with  E.  G.  Lanphear,  beginning  in  1869  ; 
worked  in  Providence  at  the  What  Cheer 
office  1873-'76;  on  the  Pawtuxet  Valley 
Gleaner  1876-1899  as  foreman  and  busi- 
ness manager ;  now  State  Factory  In- 
spector. 

JOHN  A.  LaPORTE — Born  Waterville, 
Vt.,  Sept.  11,  1864;  educated  at  Lamoille 
Central  Academy,  Hyde  Park,  Vt.,  and 
University  of  Vermont  ;  began  to  learn 
printing  in  1878  in  Lamoille  News  office, 
Hyde  Park,  Vt.,  and  worked  in  that  office 
about  seven  years ;  foreman  Vermont 
Union  at  Lyndon,  Vt.,  in  1890,  and  in 
1893  became  its  publisher ;  also  owned 
The  Temperance  Herald  and  had  a  half- 
interest  in  the  Lyndonville  Journal  ;  In 
1880  devised  a  calendar  blotting  pad,  said 
to  be  the  first  use  of  a  calendar  on  a  pad  ; 
also  originated  the  assembled  "religious 
notes"  column,  and  collaborated  the  coun- 
try news  under  one  general  head,  said  to 
be  the  first  classification  of  general  news 
in  country  papers;  in  1887  became  a 
member  of  Mt.  Vernon  Lodge,  A.  F.  antl 
A.  M.,  in  Morrisville,  Vt.  Mr.  La  Porte 
came  to  Providence  in  1905  ;  the  next 
year  he  worked  in  Campello,  Mass. 

FREDERICK  L.  Ma  cC  ARTY  —  Born 
Michigan  in  1866;  began  to  learn  printing 
in  Sacramento  in  1882  ;  admitted  to  I'rovi- 
dence  Union  liy  I'ard  August,  1907;  nr)w 
employed  on  Journal  as  linotype  operatoi-. 

F.  J.  McGARRITY — Born  Brooklyn. 
N.  Y.,  Jan.  29,  1860;  learned  i)rintiiiK  hi 
New  York  city,  on  the  Irl.'-h  World  ; 
worked  in  Providence  at  Various  times  ; 
now  employed  on    Boston  (Jlobe. 


Civil  War  Veterans: 

James  Allen,  aeronaut  for  U.  S.  Army. 

Thomas  Allen,  Lieut.  Co.  B,  5th  H.  A. 

Lindsey  Anderson,  Corp.  Co.  A,  2d  Inf. 

Lewis  L.  M.  Arnold.  Navy. 

Henry  A.  Barnes.  6th  N.  Y.  Cavalry. 

Geo.  W.  Barry,  Berdan's  Sharpshooters. 

John  Baxter,  Co.  H..  11th  Inf. 

Adelbert  M.  Beers,  Navy. 

James  L.  Bicknell,  Corp.  Co.  C,  5th  H.  A. 

W.  P.  Bittman. 

Robert  P.  Boss,  Navy. 

Josiah  B.  Bowditch.  9th  Vermont. 

Nelson  Bovle.  Co.  I,.  11th  Inf. 

S.  W.  Burbank,  Sergt.  Co.  B,  5th  H.  A. 

Joseph   R.   Burgess,  Sergt.  Co.  C,  3d  H.A. 

Edward  A.  Carter,  26th  Illinois. 

Geo.  F.  Cluipman,  150th  and  177th  Ohio. 

Franklin  A.  Chase,  Capt.  Co.  K,  4th  Inf. 

William  H.  Chenery.  Sergt.  Co.  D,  5th 
H.  A.  ;  Capt.  Co.  G,  14th  Inf. 

Henry  W.  Christian,  Co.  B,  43d  Mass.  Inf. 

Rhodes  T.  W.  Collins,  Corp.  Co.  F,  4th  Inf. 

William  E.  Cook,  2d  Mass.  H.  A. 

Michael  Donnelly,  Co.  B.  2d  Inf. 

P.  J.  Donovan,  Mass.  Vols,  and  U.  S.  Reg. 

James  H.  Elsbree,  Co.  D,  3d  H.  A. 

William  F.  Elsbree,  Co.  B,  11th  Inf. 

J.  H.  Fairbrother,  Corp.  Bat.  D.  1st  L.  A. 

George  W.  Ford.  Sergt.  Co.  D,  5th  H.  A. 

E.  C.  Gardiner,  Co.  D,  2d  ;  Co.  C.  21st  Inf. 

Benj.  L.  Glasby,  Corp.  Co.  E,  5th  H.  A. 

Eben  Gordon,  Co.  C,  2d  Inf. 

Charles  C.  Gray,  Lieut.  Bat.  D,  1st  L.  A. 

A.  C.  Greene.  Capt.  Co.  G,  10th  Inf. 

Nathaniel  C.  Greene,  Co.  H.,  2d  Inf. 

Benjamin  L.  Hall,  Sergt.  Co.  A,  1st  Inf.  ; 
Capt.  Co.  I,  5th  H.  A. 

Edward  B.  Hall,  Co.  K,  11th  Inf. 

T.  M.  Harker,  79th  N.  Y.  Highlanders. 

John  B.  Ingraham,  Co.  B.  2d  Inf. 

C.  E.  Jillson.  1st  Conn.  Inf.  ;  1st  Conn.  Bat. 
Henry  B.  Ladd.  Co.  D,  2d  Inf. 

Francis  E.  Kelly,  Corp.  Co.  D,  2d  Inf. 
George  P.  Lawrence.  Corp.  Co.  C,  4th  Inf. 
John  B.  Lincoln,  Sergt.  Co.  D,  2d  Inf. 
Edward  P.  Lothrop,  22dMass.  ;alsoNavv. 
William  A.  Luther,  Co.  G,  2d  Inf. 

D.  A.  McCann,  Co.  F.  1st  Inf.  ;  Co.  I.  7th  Inf. 
James  McGuinn,  Co.  B.  7th  Inf. 
Chailes  T.  McKinley. 

Josepli  S.  Milne.  Lieut.  Bat.  B,  1st  L.  A. 
William  O.  Milne.  Sergt.  Bat.  D,  1st  L.  A. 
James   Moran,   Capt.   Co.    D,    5th   H.   A. 
Elias  S.  Nickerson,  Navy. 
George  H.  Pettis,  Capt.  1st  California. 
L.  O.  Phinney.  1st  N.  Y.  Mounted  Rilies. 
Orrin  Scott  Pond,  Co.  B.  10th  Inf. 
John  H.  Porthouse,  Co.  H.  3d  H.  A. 
Edwarjl  Quinn,  Mass.  Regt. 
Charles  W.  Rexford.  Co.  G,  15th  U.  S.  Inf. 
I'rancis  W.  Rhodes,  Bat.  D.  1st  L.  A. 
10<hvar(l  R.  Rose,  Navy. 
Marvin  R>-an,  Corp.  Bat.  H.  1st  L.  A. 
Tlionias  Simpson.  Cnpl.  !?at.  F.  1st  L.  A. 
Jolui  I''rancis  Smith.  14th  Conn. 
Menoni  Sweet,  Sergt.  Ma.jor  Co.  H,  2d  Inf. 
W.  K.  Sweet,  1st  L.  B.  ;  Hat.  A,  1st  L.  A. 
("liarles  Tillingliast.  Capt.   Co.  H.  4th  Inf. 
.I.inies  A.  Ward,  1st  Sergt.  Co.  E.  2d  Inf. 
10.V.\Vest<()tt.  (^o.  L.  9tli  ;  Lieut.   12th  Inf. 
AUali  Willi. -e,  5th  M.iine. 


SUBSCRIBERS 


James  Abbott 
Philip  Agnew 

F.  B.  Amsden 
William  Abell 
Eli  Alford 

J.  W.  Allen 
Robert  Adams 
S.  H.  Bullock 
L.  A.  Basinet 
J.  A.  Burroughs 
Charles  Burlingham 
J.  W.  Butler 
N.  F.  Bertherman 
T.  F.  Bowen 

G.  H.  Brown 
H.  C.  Barnes 
H.  N.  Burrett 
James  Byrnes 
John  Burger 
James  Bogues 
W.  E.  Bode 
H.  G.  Belcher 
C.  A.  Boeker 
Virgil  Blackinton 
A.  W.  Brown 
M.B.Babcock(Miss) 
J.  P.  Bowditch 

R.  B.  Buchanan 

J.  A.  Belcher 

S.  S.  Blaisdell  M.  Co. 

J.  A.  Barnes  (  Mrs. ) 

Brown  Uni.  Library 

A.  H.  Barney 

E.H.Burroughs(Miss) 

William  Carroll 

Bernard  Conaty 

G.  F.  Chapman 

A.  S.  Carroll  (  Miss  ) 

C.  C.  Cusick 

A.  M.  Crowell 

F.  J.  Costello 

C.  B.  Coppen 

F.  J.  Capron 

J.  P.  Carroll 

W.  J.  Charnley 

W.  P.  Cantwell 

H.  F.  Carroll 

P.  J.  Cantwell 

Thomas  Cashman 

Felix  Crane 

Benjamin  Conway 

F.  J.  Carpenter 

F.  A.  Chase 

F.  A.  Cushman 

C.  R.  Christie 

R.  F.  Carroll 

M.  J.  Crofwell 

Joseph  Crowley 

Charles  Carroll 

J.  A.  Cahill 

George  Clayton 

Joseph  Choquet 

F.  H.  Campbell 

J.  P.  Cullen 

J.  F.  Corcoran 


E.  A.  Carter 
J.  H.  Cadigan 
D.  C.  Chace 
A.  B.  Christy 
M.  Cardin 
W.  L.  Casey 
J.  D.  Carney 
J.  E.  Canning 
T.  F.  Cooney 
H.  R.  Davis 

F.  L.  Dayton 
J.  R.  Day 

J.  J.  Dillon 

S.  G.  Durffy  (Miss) 

C.  W.  Drinkwater 
W.  H.  Doran 

T.  H.  Donahue 
V.  De  Fina 
J.  E.  Devenish 
Rudolph  DeLeeuw 
A.  A.  Devenish 
William  Donovan 
Joseph  Dove 
J.  J.  Dwyer 
J.  P.  Dorl 
M.  S.  Dwyer 
T.  F.  Dwyer 

D.  J.  Dwyer 
John  Doran 
J.  I.  Devlin 

E.  A.  Emery 
Virgilio  Escobar 
Joseph  Ehrlich 
Edward  Fuller 
George  Farnell 
T.  F.  Farrell 
Ralph  Freeman 

G.  W.  Flynn 
Frank  Farley 
W.  H.  Farley 

C.  F.  Freese 
A.  G.  Field 
Alexander  Fricker 
J.  H.  Flanagan 

J.  E.  C.  Farnham 
R.  H.  I.  Goddard 
Rathbone  Gardner 

D.  L.  D.  Granger 
W.  A.  Gallagher 
Robert  Grieve 

C.  C.  Gray 
J.  W.  Gugluicci 
J.  H.  Gorman 
T.  J.  Griffin,  Jr. 
J.  L.  Gerhard 
Harry  Glasby 
Thomas  Graham 
George  Gilbert 
L.  F.  C.  Garvin 
J.  S.  Gettler 
W.  J.  Gilbert 
S.  A.  Gibson 
J.  M.  Gillrain 
Samuel  Gee 
L.  A.  Grace 


E.  N.  Griffith 
J.  J.  Horton 
Matthew  Harkins.D.D. 

F.  H.  Rowland 

C.  H.  Howland 
J.  E.  Hurley 

G.  W.  Hope 

G.  T.  Hillsman 
Robert  Hunt 
I.  C.  Hargraves 
J.  D.  Hall,  Jr. 

D.  A.  Hurley 
Ephriam  Harris 
Frederick  Hall 

^  Robert  Hardie 
J.  C.  Hazard 
Max  Hoffman 
J.  W.  Hogan 
J.  E.  Hudson 
T.  H.  Holton 

D.  F.  Hayden 
0.  J.  Hammall 
William  Hughes 
M.  E.  Hughes 
G.  H.  Huston 
Ernest  Irons 

C. H.  Johnson 
W.  H.  Johnson 
P.  M.  Jacques 
F.  W.  Jones 
F.  R.  Jeleff 
J.  P.  Keenan 
Harry  Kauffman 
John  Keife 

E.  H.  Kirby 

E.  T.  Klausch 
C.  W.  Littell 
H.  B.  Ladd 

C.  H.  Lee 
W.  P.  Linn 
J.  J.  Livingstone 
J.  A.  La  Porte 
Carl  Lisker 
J.  F.  Lennon 
J.  P.  Lyons 
Michael  Leddy 
R.  E.  Lacy 
J.  P.  Lenahan 
J.  J.  Locklin 
W.  J.  Meegan 
Charles  Matteson 
W.  H.  Munro 
A.  P.  Martin 
James  Moran 
A.  E.  Morrill 

F.  R.  Martin 
P.  J.  McCarthy 
J.  H.  Matthews 
Joseph  Meanorhan 
W.  H.  Mason 

J.  A.  Morse 

F.  M.  Mills 

T.  A.  Miller 

Anita  Metivier (Miss) 

J.  F.  Matthews 


J.  F.  McKenna 
James  Moore 
F.  C.  Madden 
Samuel  McCarthy 
A.  F.  Moran 
James  Murray 
J.  W.  Mahoney 
S.  R.  Macready 
C.  H.  Martin 
Charles  Mercier 
F.  J.  MacKay 

E.  A.  Murphy 
M.  J.  McHugh 
Hellen  Miller  (Miss) 
J.  E.  McClintock 

J.  T.  Maguire 
L.  F.  Mullen 
T.  L.  Milne 
Robert  Miller 
T.  M.  Mackay 
Walter  McGinn 
Peter  McArdle 

F.  W.  Marshall 
J.  J.  Murphy 
A.  P.  Munroe 
MaymeMurphy(  Miss) 
R.  E.  Newton 

J.  C.  Nixon 
Walter  Norton 
Frank  Nester 
Ernest  Norfolk 
Henry  Norfolk 
Daniel  O'Connor 
C.  S.  Ogden 
Albert  Olyott 
Harry  O'Hara 
J.  J.  O'Rourke 
J.  F.  O'Hara 
E.  DeV.  O'Connor 
A.  H.  Olney 
T.  A.  O'Gorman 
T.  F.  O'Rourke 
William  Palmer 
H.  R.  Palmer 
T.  H.  Phillips 
H.  W.  Potter 
J.  A.  Powers 
E.  L.  Pike 

G.  H.  Pettis 
W.  C.  Poland 
H.  W.  Preston 
Preston  &  Rounds  Co. 
J.  R.  Rathom 

A.  M.  Robertson 
Malcolm  Ross 
C.  J.  Rothemich 
L.  F.  Reenev 
E.  B.  Rose  ' 
A  J.  Rose 
J.  F.  Russell 
C.  C.  Robb 
M.  D.  Rogers 
T.  E.  Ritchie 
E.  J.  Rogan 
N.  S.  Reiner 


xcvin 


PRINTERS  AND  PRINTING  IN  PROVIDENCE 


G.  B.  Sullivan 
J.  H.  Sullivan 
John  Shea 
W.  F.  Sholes 
W.  H.  Smith 
William  Shaw 
N.  J.  Sweet 
Fred  Smith 
William  Scott 

F.  G.  Sullivan 

G.  E.  Shepard 
P.  A.  Schroen 

C.  A.  Salisbury 
E.  W.  Smith 
A.  C.  Sparks 
Joseph  Samuels 
Leon  Samuels 

D.  H.  Sheahan 
W.  W.  Scott 
Walter  Scott 
J.  J.  Sherry 
Standard  Printing  Co. 
J.  M.  Tally 

S.  I.  Tonjoroff 
P.  F.  Tierney 

E.  P.  Tobie 

F.  J.  Tulley 
W.  S.  Turney 
I.  N.  Tew 
Willis  Tobie 
S.M.Tillinghast(  Mrs. ) 
P.  J.  Trumpler 

N.  M.  Wright 
W.  J.  Waters 

A.  W.  Woodcock 
Francis  Whalen 
George  Webb 
H.  J.  Wilbur 
Howard  Wheeler 

E.  Wedhoff 

D.  H.  Whittemore 
L.  A.  Waterman 
J.  E.  Walsh 

F.  H.  Young 

Boston,  Mass. 
C.  E.  Andrews 
Am.  Type  F'd's  Co. 

B.  D.  Belyea 
M.  L.  Bouret 
H.  W.  Burns 
Stephen  Booth 
F.  A.  Barbour 


H.  A.  Corev 
J.  P.  Dolan 
W.  F.  Elsbree 
C.  H.  Finley 
L.  G.  Finley 
Stanley  Grant 
F.  W.  Geer 
J.  C.  Hurll 
F.  H.  Leonard 
M.  B.  Martin 
J.  H.  McCarthy 
John  McCauley 
W.  J.  Melvin 
Henry  McMahon 
J.  A.  O'Neill 
R.  A.  Reid 
Thomas  Rushton 
N.  J.  Rodgers 
Frank  Ranagan 
Charles  Rolfe 
H.  F.  Smith 
T.  C.  Stephenson 
C.  T.  Scott 
W.  R.  Templeman 

C.  W.  Taylor 
F.  E.  Ward 
W.  B.  Welch 

D.  P.  Wyman 
George  Watkins 

F.  A.  Williams 
C.  G.  Wilkins 
Edgar  Yates 

Pawtucket. 

G.  H.  Burroughs 
W.  H.  Bussey 

R.  M.  Browning 
Ambrose  Choquet 
C.  L.  Crocker 
J.  J.  Fitzgerald 
J.  H.  Gunning 
W.  W.  Haskins 
C.  D.  Judson 
Thomas  Kenyon 

E.  J.  Lennon 
M.  B.  Moriarty 
W.  M.  Peckham 
Lester  Upham 
Alfred  Poloquin 
M.  J.  Rafferty 

Central  Falls. 
J.  W.  Freeman 


Natick,  R.  1. 
R.  N.  Lawton 

Worcester,  Mass. 
J.  C.  Adams 
P.  H.  Beahn 
Samuel  Clarke 
A.  J.  Duggan 
J.  F.  Duggan 
T.  T.  Ellis 
W.  E.  Mahoney 
W.  A.  Newgent 
J.  H.  Russell 

New  York. 
David  Evans 
R.  J.  Faulkner 
J.  H.  Fitz 
W.  J.  Ghent 

A.  C.  Howell 

E.  B.  Hall 

W.  D.  McKenzie 
J.  J.  Murphy 
J.  H.  Porthouse 
Los  Angeles,  Cal. 

B.  C.  Truman 
Manchester,  N.  H. 

J.  A.  Fitzgerald 

St.  Louis,  Mo. 
J.  A.  Reid 

WOONSOCKET,  R.  I. 

F.  E.  Kelly 

A.  J.  McConnell 

Waterbury,  Conn. 
R.  F.  Kenneth 

Louisville,  Ky. 
J.  J.  Martin 

Washington,  D.  C. 
W.  M.  Leavitt 
Anna  Wilson 
A.  P.  E.  Doyle 

Zanesville,  Ohio. 
R.  W.  Hocking 

Fall  River,  Mass. 
John  Moffitt 
New  Bedford,  Mass. 
William  Lewis 
W.  E.  Tourtellot 
Arthur  Bradbury 
Newport.  R.  L 

G.  P.  Wetmore 


Westerly,  R.  L 
T.  E.  Lahey 

Attleboro,  Mass. 
N.  J.  Riley 
Ralph  Engley 

San  Francisco,  Cal. 
W.  J.  French 
G.  H.  Pettis,  Jr. 

Hartford,  Conn. 
Sam  Pfund 
E.  T.  Morse 
J.  G.  Bacon 
John  Murray    , 
James  Muspratt 

Norwich,  Conn. 
R.  J.  Clowes 
W.  F.  Metzger 
New  Haven,  Conn. 
Daniel  O'Donnell 

Catskill,  N.  Y. 
J.  J.  Devlin 

Brockton,  Mass. 
W.  C.  Harcus 

Baltimore,  Md. 
A.  S.  Abell 
C.  S.  Abell 
W.  W.  Abell 
Johns  Hopkins  Uni. 
G.  P.  Nichols 

Lawrence,  Mass. 
R.  S.  Maloney 

Chicago,  111. 
W.  S.  Menaman 

Cranston,  R.  I. 
W.  T.  Robertson 
Hope  Valley,  R.  I. 
E.  T.  Spencer 

Unions. 
Louisville,  No.  10 
Boston,  No.  13 
San  Francisco,  No.  21 
Galveston,  No.  28 
Lawrence,  No.  51 
Toledo,  No.  63 
Norwich,  No.  100 
Hartford,  No.  127 
Pawtucket,  No.  212 
Lowell,  No.  310 
Providence    Press- 
men's, No.  114 


NOV  24 '64 


RETURN    LIBRARY  SCHOOL  LIBRARY                 ^ 

TO— ^    2  South  Hall                           642-2253 

LOAN  PERIOD  1 

2 

3 

4 

5                               < 

b 

ALL  BOOKS  MAY  BE  RECALLED  AFTER  7  DAYS 

DUE  AS  STAMPED  BELOW 

Aiir  1  Pl^^^ 

Auu  "'■  0  '■■' 

MAYii4 

1991 

UNIVERSITY  OF  CALIFORNIA,  BERKELEY 
FORM  NO.  DD18                                  BERKELEY,  CA  94720 

,#^ 


■^*^.> 


